JP2006050990A - Method for producing optically active 2-substituted-3-(4-substituted oxyphenyl)propionic acid and its antipodal ester - Google Patents

Method for producing optically active 2-substituted-3-(4-substituted oxyphenyl)propionic acid and its antipodal ester Download PDF

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JP2006050990A
JP2006050990A JP2004236153A JP2004236153A JP2006050990A JP 2006050990 A JP2006050990 A JP 2006050990A JP 2004236153 A JP2004236153 A JP 2004236153A JP 2004236153 A JP2004236153 A JP 2004236153A JP 2006050990 A JP2006050990 A JP 2006050990A
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Shigeru Kawano
茂 川野
Yoshihiko Yasohara
良彦 八十原
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Kaneka Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for efficiently producing an optically active 2-substituted-3-(4-substituted oxyphenyl)propionic acid and its antipodal ester and to obtain a 2-substituted-3-(4-substituted oxyphenyl)propionic acid and its ester being compounds. <P>SOLUTION: The optically active 2-substituted-3-(4-substituted oxyphenyl)propionic acid and its antipodal ester are efficiently produced by treating an optical isomer mixture of 2-substituted-3-(4-substituted oxyphenyl)propionic acid esters with an enzyme for asymmetrically hydrolyzing the mixture. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、各種医薬品・農薬などの合成原料或いは中間体として重要な光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸およびその対掌体エステルの効率的な製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an efficient method for producing optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid and its enantiomer ester which are important as synthetic raw materials or intermediates for various pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.

光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸およびそのエステルは、種々の医薬品や農薬などの製造原料や合成中間体として重要な化合物である。そのため、高収率かつ工業的に実施可能な製造方法の開発が強く求められてきた。   Optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid and its ester are important compounds as production raw materials and synthetic intermediates for various pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. Therefore, there has been a strong demand for the development of a production method that can be carried out in a high yield and industrially.

光学活性2−置換−3−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオン酸の合成法としては、該化合物のカルボン酸エステルを不斉加水分解する能力を有する酵素を用いて、該カルボン酸エステルを光学分割する方法が報告されている(特許文献1、特許文献2、非特許文献1、非特許文献2を参照)。しかし、これら文献中には、光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸の製造方法に関する記載はない。2−置換−3−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルと2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルを比較した場合、ベンゼン環上の置換基の違いにより、化合物の極性は大きく異なっていると考えられる。この物性差は酵素反応に少なからぬ影響を及ぼすと推測され、上記文献に記載の酵素及び反応条件を2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルに適用しても、光学純度の高い光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸及びその対掌体エステルを効率的に製造できるかどうかは容易には予測できない。   As a method for synthesizing optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, an enzyme having the ability to asymmetrically hydrolyze the carboxylic acid ester of the compound is used to optically resolve the carboxylic acid ester. Methods have been reported (see Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Document 1, and Non-Patent Document 2). However, these documents do not describe a method for producing optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid. When comparing 2-substituted-3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ester and 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester, the polarity of the compound depends on the difference in substituents on the benzene ring. Are considered to be very different. This physical property difference is presumed to have a considerable influence on the enzyme reaction. Even if the enzyme and reaction conditions described in the above document are applied to 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester, the optical purity It is not easy to predict whether or not an optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid and its enantiomer ester can be efficiently produced.

また、非特許文献3には、2−メトキシ−3−[4−[2−[N−(2−ベンゾキサゾリル)−N−メチルアミノ]エトキシ]フェニル]プロピオン酸メチルを、リゾプス・デレマー(Rhizopus delemar)由来のリパーゼを用いて光学分割して(S)−2−メトキシ−3−[4−[2−[N−(2−ベンゾキサゾリル)−N−メチルアミノ]エトキシ]フェニル]プロピオン酸及び(R)−2−メトキシ−3−[4−[2−[N−(2−ベンゾキサゾリル)−N−メチルアミノ]エトキシ]フェニル]プロピオン酸メチルを取得する方法が記載されている。しかし本反応では、高価な市販酵素を多量に必要とし、また得られる(S)体のカルボン酸及び(R)体のカルボン酸エステルの光学純度は低く、実用的な製造方法であるとは言えない。
WO01/11072 WO01/11073 Organic Process Research & Development, 7, 82(2003) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 46, 1306(2003) Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 7, 821(1999)
Non-Patent Document 3 describes methyl 2-methoxy-3- [4- [2- [N- (2-benzoxazolyl) -N-methylamino] ethoxy] phenyl] propionate as Rhizopus delemar. (S) -2-methoxy-3- [4- [2- [N- (2-benzoxazolyl) -N-methylamino] ethoxy] phenyl] propionic acid and (R) ) A method for obtaining methyl 2-methoxy-3- [4- [2- [N- (2-benzoxazolyl) -N-methylamino] ethoxy] phenyl] propionate is described. However, this reaction requires a large amount of expensive commercially available enzyme, and the optical purity of the obtained (S) carboxylic acid and (R) carboxylic acid ester is low, and it can be said that this is a practical production method. Absent.
WO01 / 11072 WO01 / 11073 Organic Process Research & Development, 7, 82 (2003) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 46, 1306 (2003) Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 7, 821 (1999)

本発明の目的は、光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸およびその対掌体エステルの効率的な製造方法を提供することである。また、新規な化合物である2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸およびそのエステルを提供することである。   An object of the present invention is to provide an efficient process for producing optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid and its enantiomer ester. It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel compound, 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid and esters thereof.

本発明者らは鋭意検討の結果、2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの光学異性体混合物に該化合物を不斉加水分解する酵素を作用させることにより、光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸およびその対掌体エステル、特に(S)−2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸および(R)−2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステル、を効率的に製造できることを見いだし、本発明に至った。   As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have made optical activity 2 by allowing an enzyme that asymmetrically hydrolyzes the compound to act on the optical isomer mixture of 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester. -Substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid and its enantiomers, in particular (S) -2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid and (R) -2-substituted- The inventors have found that 3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester can be efficiently produced, and have reached the present invention.

すなわち、本発明は一般式(1):   That is, the present invention relates to the general formula (1):

Figure 2006050990
Figure 2006050990

(式中、R1は、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基、炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基、炭素数2〜10のアシル基、アリル基、メタンスルホニル基、p−トルエンスルホニル基、又は複素環基を示し、R2及びR3は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基、炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基を示す。)で表される2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの光学異性体混合物に、該化合物の不斉加水分解能を有する酵素を作用させることを特徴とする、一般式(2): (In the formula, R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an allyl group, or a methanesulfonyl group. , P-toluenesulfonyl group, or heterocyclic group, R 2 and R 3 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.) An enzyme having an asymmetric hydrolysis ability of the compound is allowed to act on a mixture of optical isomers of 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester represented by the general formula (2) ):

Figure 2006050990
Figure 2006050990

(式中、R1及びR2は前記と同じ基を示す。*は不斉炭素原子を示す。)で表される光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸またはその塩、およびその対掌体をなす一般式(3): (Wherein R 1 and R 2 represent the same groups as described above. * Represents an asymmetric carbon atom.) Or an optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid represented by General formula (3) forming a salt and its enantiomer:

Figure 2006050990
Figure 2006050990

(式中、R1、R2及びR3は前記と同じ基を示し、*は不斉炭素原子を示す。)で表される光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの製造方法である。 (Wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 represent the same groups as described above, and * represents an asymmetric carbon atom), represented by the optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propion It is a manufacturing method of acid ester.

また、本発明は一般式(4):   Further, the present invention provides a general formula (4):

Figure 2006050990
Figure 2006050990

(式中、R4は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基を示し、R2及びR3は前記と同じ基を示す。)で表される2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルおよび一般式(5): (Wherein R 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 represent the same groups as described above.) 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propion Acid esters and general formula (5):

Figure 2006050990
Figure 2006050990

(式中、R2及びR4は前記と同じ基を示す。)で表される2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸またはその塩に関する。 (Wherein, R 2 and R 4 represent the same groups as described above), and are related to 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid or a salt thereof.

本発明によれば、光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸またはその塩、とりわけ(S)−2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸またはその塩を効率的に合成することができる。更に、その対掌体をなす光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステル、とりわけ(R)−2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルをも同時に取得することができる。   According to the present invention, optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid or a salt thereof, especially (S) -2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid or a salt thereof. Can be efficiently synthesized. Further, an optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester that forms the enantiomer, particularly (R) -2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester, is also included. Can be acquired at the same time.

まず、本発明の化合物について説明する。
一般式(1)ないし(3)において、R1はR1は、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基、炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基、炭素数2〜10のアシル基、アリル基、メタンスルホニル基、p−トルエンスルホニル基、又は複素環基を示す。
First, the compound of the present invention will be described.
In the general formulas (1) to (3), R 1 is R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, or 2 to 10 carbon atoms. An acyl group, an allyl group, a methanesulfonyl group, a p-toluenesulfonyl group, or a heterocyclic group.

炭素数1〜10のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n−ブチル基、tert−ブチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロプロピルメチル基等が挙げられる。炭素数6〜20のアリール基としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基としては、ベンジル基、ナフチルメチル基等が挙げられる。炭素数2〜10のアシル基としては、アセチル基、ピバロイル基、ベンゾイル基等が挙げられる。複素環基としては、テトラヒドロピラニル基等が挙げられる。   Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclohexyl group, and cyclopropylmethyl group. Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group. Examples of the aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms include benzyl group and naphthylmethyl group. Examples of the acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include an acetyl group, a pivaloyl group, and a benzoyl group. Examples of the heterocyclic group include a tetrahydropyranyl group.

上記の基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシ基、アラルキルオキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールチオ基、アルキルシリル基等が挙げられる。これら置換基を有するR1の例としては、2,2−ジクロロ−1,1−ジフルオロエチル基、メトキシメチル基、tert−ブトキシメチル基、ベンジルオキシメチル基、メトキシエトキシメチル基、メチルチオメチル基、フェニルチオメチル基等が挙げられる。 The above group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an aralkyloxy group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, and an alkylsilyl group. Examples of R 1 having these substituents include 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl group, methoxymethyl group, tert-butoxymethyl group, benzyloxymethyl group, methoxyethoxymethyl group, methylthiomethyl group, A phenylthiomethyl group etc. are mentioned.

上記のなかでも、R1として好ましくは炭素数1〜10のアルキル基であり、より好ましくは炭素数1〜7のアルキル基であり、更に好ましくは炭素数1〜4のアルキル基であり、最も好ましくはメチル基である。 Among the above, R 1 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A methyl group is preferred.

一般式(1)ないし(5)において、R2は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基、炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基を示す。具体的には、前記R1と同様の基が挙げられる。これらの基はさらに置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては前記R1の場合と同様の基が挙げられる。なかでもR2として好ましくは、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基であり、より好ましくは炭素数1〜7のアルキル基であり、更に好ましくは炭素数1〜4のアルキル基であり、最も好ましくはメチル基である。 In the general formulas (1) to (5), R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples include the same groups as R 1 described above. These groups may further have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the same groups as in the case of R 1 . Among them, R 2 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and most preferably It is a methyl group.

一般式(1)、(3)及び(4)において、R3は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基、炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基を示す。具体的には、前記R1と同様の基が挙げられる。これらの基はさらに置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては前記R1の場合と同様の基が挙げられる。なかでもR2として好ましくは、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基であり、より好ましくは炭素数1〜7のアルキル基であり、更に好ましくは炭素数1〜4のアルキル基であり、最も好ましくはメチル基である。 In general formula (1), (3) and (4), R < 3 > shows a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C6-C20 aryl group, and a C7-C20 aralkyl group. Specific examples include the same groups as R 1 described above. These groups may further have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the same groups as in the case of R 1 . Among them, R 2 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and most preferably It is a methyl group.

なお、一般式(1)においてR1が炭素数1〜10である化合物、すなわち一般式(4): In the general formula (1), R 1 is a compound having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, ie, the general formula (4):

Figure 2006050990
Figure 2006050990

(式中、R4は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基を示し、R2及びR3は前記と同じ基を示す)
で表される2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルは、ラセミ体、光学活性体ともに、従来未報告の新規物質である。R4の具体例としては、前記R1の項で挙げたアルキル基の例と同様である。R4として、好ましくは炭素数1〜7のアルキル基であり、より好ましくは炭素数1〜4のアルキル基であり、更に好ましくはメチル基である。本発明で使用あるいは製造する化合物(4)としては、R4が炭素数1〜4のアルキルであり、R2及びR3が炭素数1〜10のアルキル基である化合物である。より好ましくは、R4、R2及びR3が炭素数1〜4のアルキル基である化合物である。更に好ましくは、R4がメチル基であり、R2及びR3が炭素数1〜4のアルキル基である化合物であり、最も好ましくは、R4、R2及びR3がメチル基である化合物である。また、化合物(4)としては光学活性体がより好ましく、中でも、2位の絶対配置がRである光学活性体が更に好ましい。
(In the formula, R 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 represent the same groups as described above.)
The 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester represented by the formula is a novel substance that has not been reported so far, both in racemic and optically active forms. Specific examples of R 4 are the same as the examples of the alkyl group mentioned in the section of R 1 . R 4 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methyl group. The compound (4) used or produced in the present invention is a compound in which R 4 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 are alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferably, R 4 , R 2 and R 3 are compounds having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. More preferably, R 4 is a methyl group, R 2 and R 3 are compounds having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and most preferably R 4 , R 2 and R 3 are methyl groups. It is. Further, as the compound (4), an optically active substance is more preferable, and among them, an optically active substance in which the absolute configuration at the 2-position is R is still more preferable.

また、一般式(5):   Moreover, general formula (5):

Figure 2006050990
Figure 2006050990

(式中、R4及びR2は前記と同じ基を示す)で表される2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸は、ラセミ体、光学活性体ともに、従来未報告の新規物質である。R4の具体例ならびに好ましい基は前記と同様である。本発明で使用あるいは製造する化合物(5)としては、R4が炭素数1〜4のアルキルであり、R2が炭素数1〜10のアルキル基である化合物である。より好ましくは、R4及びR2が炭素数1〜4のアルキル基である化合物である。更に好ましくは、R4がメチル基であり、R2が炭素数1〜4のアルキル基である化合物であり、最も好ましくは、R4及びR2がメチル基である化合物である。また、化合物(5)としては光学活性体がより好ましく、中でも、2位の絶対配置がSである光学活性体が更に好ましい。 The 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid represented by the formula (wherein R 4 and R 2 represent the same group as described above) has not been previously reported in both racemic and optically active forms. It is a new substance. Specific examples and preferred groups of R 4 are the same as described above. The compound (5) used or produced in the present invention is a compound in which R 4 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferably, R 4 and R 2 are compounds having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. More preferred are compounds in which R 4 is a methyl group and R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and most preferred are compounds in which R 4 and R 2 are methyl groups. Further, as the compound (5), an optically active substance is more preferable, and among them, an optically active substance in which the absolute configuration at the 2-position is S is further preferable.

一般式(1)で示される2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの光学異性体混合物、例えば2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチルの光学異性体混合物は、非特許文献1に記載の合成法と同様の方法で容易に合成可能である。本発明の加水分解においては、化合物(1)の光学異性体混合物として、ラセミ体を用いても良いし、一方の光学活性体が他方より過剰に含まれる混合物を用いて、さらに光学純度が高められた目的物を取得してもよい。   A mixture of optical isomers of 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester represented by the general formula (1), for example, an optical isomer of methyl 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate The mixture can be easily synthesized by the same method as the synthesis method described in Non-Patent Document 1. In the hydrolysis of the present invention, a racemate may be used as the optical isomer mixture of compound (1), and the optical purity is further increased by using a mixture containing one optically active substance in excess of the other. The obtained object may be acquired.

2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの光学異性体混合物に、該化合物の不斉加水分解能を有する酵素を作用させるに当たっては、円滑な反応、操作の容易性などの観点から、2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの光学異性体混合物及び不斉加水分解能を有する酵素を水性溶媒中に溶解または分散して反応を行なう方法が、好ましく採用される。   When an enzyme having an asymmetric hydrolytic ability of the compound is allowed to act on the optical isomer mixture of 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester, viewpoints such as smooth reaction and ease of operation From the above, a method in which a reaction is carried out by dissolving or dispersing an optical isomer mixture of 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester and an enzyme having asymmetric hydrolysis ability in an aqueous solvent is preferably employed. The

不斉加水分解反応を行なう水性溶媒は、不斉加水分解能を有する酵素の種類に応じて酵素が働き易いpHに調整しておくことが必要である。pHの範囲としては、一般的にはpH3〜12程度、より好ましくはpH5〜9程度である。pHの調整は、水性溶媒として所定のpHを有する緩衝水溶液を用いて行なっても良い。その際の緩衝水溶液としては、例えば、リン酸ナトリウム水溶液、リン酸カリウム水溶液などのようなリン酸アルカリ金属塩水溶液等の無機塩の緩衝水溶液、酢酸ナトリウム水溶液、酢酸カリウム水溶液などの酢酸アルカリ金属塩等の有機酸塩の緩衝水溶液などを挙げることができる。また、反応系のpHを不斉加水分解反応に適したpHに保つために、不斉加水分解反応の初期および/または途中に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液、炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液などの塩基や塩酸、硫酸などの酸などのpH調整剤を添加してもよい。   The aqueous solvent for carrying out the asymmetric hydrolysis reaction needs to be adjusted to a pH at which the enzyme can easily work according to the type of enzyme having asymmetric hydrolysis ability. The pH range is generally about pH 3-12, more preferably about pH 5-9. The pH adjustment may be performed using a buffered aqueous solution having a predetermined pH as an aqueous solvent. Examples of the buffer aqueous solution include, for example, an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt such as an aqueous solution of an alkali metal phosphate such as an aqueous solution of sodium phosphate and an aqueous solution of potassium phosphate, an alkali metal acetate such as an aqueous solution of sodium acetate and an aqueous solution of potassium acetate. And buffered aqueous solutions of organic acid salts. In addition, in order to maintain the pH of the reaction system at a pH suitable for the asymmetric hydrolysis reaction, a base such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. at the beginning and / or during the asymmetric hydrolysis reaction A pH adjusting agent such as an acid may be added.

不斉加水分解能を有する酵素の使用量は、使用する酵素の種類などに応じて、反応時間の遅延や2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの光学異性体混合物を加水分解する際の選択性の低下が起こらないような量を適宜選択するとよい。例えば、従来から市販されている不斉加水分解能を有する酵素を用いる場合、一般に、2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの光学異性体混合物質量の0.0001〜3.0質量倍が好ましく、0.001〜1.0質量倍がより好ましく、0.001〜0.1質量倍が特に好ましい。   Depending on the type of enzyme used, the amount of the enzyme having asymmetric hydrolysis ability can be reduced by delaying the reaction time or adding the optical isomer mixture of 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester. An amount that does not cause a decrease in selectivity during decomposition may be appropriately selected. For example, in the case of using a commercially available enzyme having an asymmetric hydrolysis ability, generally, the amount of the optical isomer mixed substance of 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester is 0.0001-3. 0 mass times is preferable, 0.001-1.0 mass times is more preferable, 0.001-0.1 mass times is especially preferable.

不斉加水分解反応の反応温度としては、温度が高すぎると酵素の安定性が低下したり酵素が失活する場合があり、一方温度が低すぎると反応速度が低下する場合があるので、通常5〜65℃の範囲であることが好ましく、20〜50℃の範囲であることがより好ましい。   As the reaction temperature of the asymmetric hydrolysis reaction, if the temperature is too high, the stability of the enzyme may be reduced or the enzyme may be deactivated. On the other hand, if the temperature is too low, the reaction rate may be reduced. The range is preferably 5 to 65 ° C, and more preferably 20 to 50 ° C.

不斉加水分解反応の反応時間は、使用する酵素の種類や量、反応温度などに応じて変わり得るが、通常0.1〜120時間程度、特に0.1〜48時間程度とするのが好ましい。   The reaction time of the asymmetric hydrolysis reaction may vary depending on the type and amount of the enzyme used, the reaction temperature, etc., but is usually about 0.1 to 120 hours, particularly preferably about 0.1 to 48 hours. .

上記の不斉加水分解反応によって、光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸(不斉加水分解能を有する酵素によって加水分解された一方の光学異性体)とそれと対掌配置を有する光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステル(不斉加水分解能を有する酵素によって加水分解されずにそのまま残ったもう一方の光学異性体)を含有する反応生成物が得られる。   By the above-mentioned asymmetric hydrolysis reaction, optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid (one optical isomer hydrolyzed by an enzyme having asymmetric hydrolysis ability) and its opposite configuration Reaction product containing an optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester (the other optical isomer remaining as it is without being hydrolyzed by an enzyme having asymmetric hydrolysis ability) Is obtained.

反応生成物からの光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸およびそれと対掌配置を有する光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの分離回収に当たっては、両者をそれぞれ円滑に分離回収できる方法であればいずれの方法を採用してもよい。例えば、pHを中性〜アルカリ性、例えばpH7〜10程度に調整した光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸およびそれと対掌配置を有する光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルを含有する反応生成物(水性反応液等)に、非水溶性の有機溶剤を添加して十分に攪拌した後、水層と有機層に分液する。有機層中には加水分解されずに残った光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルが多く含まれ、水層中には生成した光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸が多く含まれる。有機層の溶剤を留去するか、または蒸留、カラムクロマトグラフィーなどにより処理して、純度の高い光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルが得られる。この際に使用する非水溶性の有機溶剤としては、例えば、t−ブチルメチルエーテル、イソプロピルエーテルなどのエーテル類;トルエンなどの炭化水素類;ジクロロメタン、ジクロロエタン、クロロホルム、クロロベンゼンなどのハロゲン化炭化水素類;酢酸エチル、酢酸メチル、酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類などを挙げることができ、これらの1種または2種以上を用いることができる。   Separation and recovery of optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substitutedoxyphenyl) propionic acid and optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substitutedoxyphenyl) propionic acid ester having a counter configuration with the optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substitutedoxyphenyl) propionic acid from the reaction product In this case, any method may be adopted as long as both methods can be smoothly separated and recovered. For example, an optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid having a pH adjusted to neutral to alkaline, for example, about pH 7 to 10, and an optically active 2-substituted-3- ( A water-insoluble organic solvent is added to a reaction product (such as an aqueous reaction solution) containing 4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester, and the mixture is sufficiently stirred, and then separated into an aqueous layer and an organic layer. The organic layer contains a large amount of the optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester remaining without being hydrolyzed, and the aqueous layer produced the optically active 2-substituted-3- A large amount of (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid is contained. The solvent of the organic layer is distilled off, or the residue is treated by distillation, column chromatography, etc. to obtain a highly pure optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester. Examples of the water-insoluble organic solvent used in this case include ethers such as t-butyl methyl ether and isopropyl ether; hydrocarbons such as toluene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform and chlorobenzene. An ester such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, and butyl acetate can be used, and one or more of these can be used.

一方、水層中に残留する光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸は、水層のpHを酸性、例えば1〜3程度に調整後、適当な有機溶剤を用いて抽出処理することにより、水層から分離回収することができる。その際の有機溶剤としては、例えば、tert−ブチルメチルエーテル、イソプロピルエーテルなどのエーテル類;トルエンなどの炭化水素類;ジクロロメタン、ジクロロエタン、クロロホルム、クロロベンゼンなどのハロゲン化炭化水素類;酢酸エチル、酢酸メチル、酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類などを挙げることができ、これらの1種または2種以上を用いることができる。そして、抽出処理に用いた有機溶剤を留去することによって、高純度の光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸を得ることができる。必要に応じてカラムクロマトグラフィー、晶析などを行なうことにより、更に高純度化することもできる。また、既知の方法により、光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸を塩、例えばアルカリ金属との塩、として単離、精製して取得することもできる。   On the other hand, the optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid remaining in the aqueous layer is adjusted using an appropriate organic solvent after adjusting the pH of the aqueous layer to acidic, for example, about 1 to 3. By performing the extraction treatment, it can be separated and recovered from the aqueous layer. Examples of the organic solvent include ethers such as tert-butyl methyl ether and isopropyl ether; hydrocarbons such as toluene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform and chlorobenzene; ethyl acetate and methyl acetate. And esters such as butyl acetate can be used, and one or more of these can be used. And the high purity optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid can be obtained by distilling off the organic solvent used for the extraction process. If necessary, it can be further purified by performing column chromatography, crystallization or the like. Further, the optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid can be isolated and purified by a known method as a salt, for example, a salt with an alkali metal.

本反応に使用する酵素は微生物起源の酵素であってもよいし、動物起源の酵素であってもよいし、植物起源の酵素であっても良い。これらの酵素の純度あるいは形態については、目的とする反応の活性を有していれば特に制限されるものではない。精製酵素、粗酵素、酵素含有物、微生物培養液、培養物、菌体、培養液、酵素遺伝子が導入されることによって目的とする反応の活性を獲得した組み換え微生物およびそれらの処理物など、種々の形態で用いることができる。ここで処理物とは、例えば、凍結乾燥品、アセトン乾燥品、摩擦物、自己消化物、超音波破砕物またはアルカリ処理物などを言う。更に上記のような種々の純度あるいは形態の酵素を、例えばシリカゲルやセラミックスなどの無機担体、セルロース、イオン交換樹脂などへの吸着法、ポリアクリルアミド法、含硫多糖ゲル法(例えばカラギーナンゲル法)、アルギン酸ゲル法、寒天ゲル法などの公知の方法により固定化して用いてもよい。   The enzyme used in this reaction may be a microorganism-derived enzyme, an animal-derived enzyme, or a plant-derived enzyme. The purity or form of these enzymes is not particularly limited as long as they have the desired reaction activity. Various, including purified enzymes, crude enzymes, enzyme-containing materials, microbial cultures, cultures, bacterial cells, cultures, recombinant microorganisms that have acquired the desired reaction activity through the introduction of enzyme genes, and their processed products Can be used. Here, the treated product refers to, for example, a freeze-dried product, an acetone-dried product, a friction product, a self-digested product, an ultrasonic crushed product, or an alkali-treated product. Further, the enzyme having various purity or forms as described above can be adsorbed onto an inorganic carrier such as silica gel or ceramics, cellulose, ion exchange resin, polyacrylamide method, sulfur-containing polysaccharide gel method (eg, carrageenan gel method), You may fix | immobilize and use by well-known methods, such as an alginate gel method and an agar gel method.

本発明において好ましく用いられる酵素は、2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルを不斉的に加水分解する活性を有するものであれば特に制限されないが、微生物または動物起源のリパーゼ、エステラーゼ、プロテアーゼもしくはアシラーゼである。   The enzyme preferably used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has an activity of asymmetrically hydrolyzing 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester. Lipase, esterase, protease or acylase.

より好ましい酵素としては、アクロモバクター(Achromobacter)属、アルカリゲネス(Alcaligenes)属、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、バークホルデリア(Burkholderia)属、キャンディダ(Candida)属、ゲオトリカム(Geotrichum)属、ムコール(Mucor)属、ペニシリウム(Penicillium)属、シュードモナス(Pseudomonas)属、リゾプス(Rhizopus)属、リゾムコール(Rhizomucor)属、リゾパス(Rhizopus)属もしくはサーモマイセス(Thermomyces)属の微生物、豚膵臓、又は、小麦麦芽を起源とするリパーゼ;アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、バシラス(Bacillus)属もしくはリゾプス(Rhizopus)属の微生物又は牛膵臓を起源とするプロテアーゼ;アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属の微生物を起源とするアシラーゼなどを挙げることができる。 More preferred enzyme, Achromobacter (Achromobacter) genus Alcaligenes (Alcaligenes) genus Aspergillus (Aspergillus) genus, Burkholderia (Burkholderia) genus Candida (Candida) spp, Geotorikamu (Geotrichum) genus Mucor (Mucor ) genus Penicillium (Penicillium) genus Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) genus, Rhizopus (Rhizopus) sp., Rhizomucor (Rhizomucor) genus, Rhizopus (Rhizopus) genus or Thermomyces (Thermomyces) microorganisms of the genus, pig pancreas, or the origin of the wheat malt and the like acylase to Aspergillus (Aspergillus) microorganism origins; lipase and; Aspergillus (Aspergillus) genus Bacillus (Bacillus) genus or Rhizopus (Rhizopus) genus of microorganisms or bovine pancreas originating protease .

そのうちでもキャンディダ(Candida)属由来のリパーゼが好ましく、キャンディダ・シリンドラッシ(Candida cylindracea)もしくはキャンディダ・ルゴーサ(Candida rugosa)由来のリパーゼが更に好ましく用いられる。これらの酵素は市販品の中から選択して使用することもできる。 Among them, lipases derived from the genus Candida are preferable, and lipases derived from Candida cylindracea or Candida rugosa are more preferably used. These enzymes can be selected from commercially available products.

本発明で使用しうる市販の酵素の具体例としては、リパーゼAL(Achromobacter sp.由来、名糖産業製)、リパーゼPL(Alcaligenes sp.由来、名糖産業製)、リパーゼAP−4(Aspergillus niger由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼAP−6(Aspergillus niger由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼPS(Burkholderia cepacia由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼAH(Burkholderia cepacia由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼQLM(Burkholderia gradiloi由来、名糖産業製)、リパーゼQL(Burkholderia gradiloi由来、名糖産業製)、ノボザイム435(Candida antarctica由来、ノボザイム製)、ノボザイムCALB L(Candida antarctica由来、ノボザイム製)、リパーゼOF(Candida cylindracea由来、名糖産業製)、リパーゼMY(Candida cylindracea由来、名糖産業製)、リパーゼAYS(Candida rugosa由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼAS(Candida rugosa由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼGC−4(Geotrichum candidum由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼM「アマノ」10(Mucor javanicus由来、天野エンザイム製)、ノボザイム388(Mucor miehei由来、ノボザイム製)、ノボザイムIM(Mucor miehei由来、ノボザイム製)、ノボザイム10000M(Mucor miehei由来、ノボザイム製)、リパーゼG(Penicillium camembertii由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼR(Penicillium roqueforti由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼ(豚膵臓由来、東洋醸造製)、リパーゼ(タイプ2)(豚膵臓由来、シグマ製)、リパーゼSL(Pseudomonas cepacia由来、名糖産業製)、リパーゼAK(Pseudomonas fluorescens由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼCHE(Pseudomonas sp.由来、天野エンザイム製)、トヨチームLIP(Pseudomonas sp.由来、東洋紡製)、リパーゼWO(Pseudomonas sp.由来、ベーリンガー製)、リパーゼTL(Pseudomonas stutzeri由来、名糖産業製)、リパーゼ(Rhizopus delemar由来、生化学工業製)、タリパーゼ(Rhizopus delemar由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼサイケン100(Rhizopus javanicus由来、ナガセケムテック製)、リパーゼF−AP15(Rhizopus javanicus由来、天野エンザイム製)、リパーゼUL(Rhizopus sp.由来、名糖産業製)、ノボザイム388(Rhizomucor miehei由来、ノボザイム製)、ノボザイムRM IM(Rhizomucor miehei由来、ノボザイム製)、リポザイムTL100L(Thermomyces lanuginosus由来、ノボザイム製)、リパーゼ(タイプ1)(小麦麦芽由来、シグマ製)リパーゼPGE(天野エンザイム製)、プロテアーゼYP−SS(Aspergillus niger由来、ヤクルト製薬製)、デナプシン2P(Aspergillus niger由来、ナガセケムテック製)、プロテアーゼA「アマノ」G(Aspergillus oryzae由来、天野エンザイム製)、プロテアーゼM「アマノ」G(Aspergillus oryzae由来、天野エンザイム製)、パンチダーゼNP−2(Aspergillus oryzae由来、天野エンザイム製)、デナチームAP(Aspergillus oryzae由来、ナガセケムテック製)、サチライシンA(Bacillus lichenformis由来、ノボザイム製)、プロテアーゼN「アマノ」G(Bacillus subtilis由来、天野エンザイム製)、ビオプラ−ゼSP−4FG(Bacillus subtilis由来、ナガセケムテック製)、ニューラーゼ(Rhizopus niveus由来、天野エンザイム製)、アシラーゼA(Aspergillus sp.由来、シグマ製)、アシラーゼ「アマノ」(Aspergillus sp.由来、天野エンザイム製)、アシラーゼ(Aspergillus sp.由来、東京化成製)、などを挙げることができる。 Specific examples of commercially available enzymes that can be used in the present invention include lipase AL (derived from Achromobacter sp., Manufactured by Meisho Sangyo), lipase PL (derived from Alcaligenes sp., Manufactured by Meishoku Sangyo), lipase AP-4 ( Aspergillus niger Origin, manufactured by Amano Enzyme), lipase AP-6 (derived from Aspergillus niger , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), lipase PS (derived from Burkholderia cepacia , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), lipase AH (derived from Burkholderia cepacia , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), lipase QLM ( Burkholderia gradiloi Origin, manufactured by Meisho Sangyo), lipase QL (from Burkholderia gradiloi , manufactured by Meisho Sangyo), Novozyme 435 (from Candida antarctica , manufactured by Novozyme), Novozyme CALB L (from Candida antarctica , manufactured by Novozyme), lipase OF (from Candida cylindracea ) , Made by famous sugar industry), lipase MY (derived from Candida cylindracea , made by famous sugar industry), lipper ZeAYS (derived from Candida rugosa , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), Lipase AS (derived from Candida rugosa , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), Lipase GC-4 (derived from Geotrichum candidum , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), Lipase M “Amano” 10 (derived from Mucor javanicus , Amano) Enzyme), Novozyme 388 (from Mucor miehei , Novozyme), Novozyme IM (from Mucor miehei , Novozyme), Novozyme 10000M (from Mucor miehei , Novozyme), Lipase G (from Penicillium camembertii , Amano Enzyme), Lipase R (derived from Penicillium roqueforti , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), lipase (derived from porcine pancreas, manufactured by Toyo Shuzo), lipase (type 2) (derived from porcine pancreas, manufactured by Sigma), lipase SL (derived from Pseudomonas cepacia , manufactured by Meisei Sangyo), lipase AK (derived from Pseudomonas fluorescens , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), lipase CHE (Pseudomonas sp. Derived from, manufactured by Amano Enzyme), Toyozyme LIP (Pseudomonas sp. Derived from, Toyobo Co., Ltd.), lipase WO (Pseudomonas sp. Derived from, manufactured by Boehringer), lipase TL (derived from Pseudomonas stutzeri, manufactured by Meito Sangyo), lipase ( Derived from Rhizopus delemar , manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation), Talipase (derived from Rhizopus delemar , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), Lipase Psyken 100 (derived from Rhizopus javanicus , manufactured by Nagase Chemtech ), Lipase F-AP15 (derived from Rhizopus javanicus , manufactured by Amano Enzyme) Lipase UL (derived from Rhizopus sp., Manufactured by Meisho Sangyo), Novozyme 388 (derived from Rhizomucor miehei , manufactured by Novozyme), Novozyme RM IM (derived from Rhizomucor miehei , manufactured by Novozyme), lipozyme TL100L (derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus , manufactured by Novozyme) (Type 1) (derived from wheat germ, manufactured by Sigma) Over Ze PGE (manufactured by Amano Enzyme), Protease YP-SS (Aspergillus niger origin, manufactured by Yakult Pharmaceutical), Denapsin 2P (derived from Aspergillus niger, manufactured by Nagase Chemtex), derived from the protease A "Amano" G (Aspergillus oryzae, manufactured by Amano Enzyme ), Protease M “Amano” G (derived from Aspergillus oryzae , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), punchase NP-2 (derived from Aspergillus oryzae , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), Denateam AP (derived from Aspergillus oryzae , manufactured by Nagase Chemtech ), subtilisin A ( Bacillus lichenformis) Origin, manufactured by Novozyme), protease N “Amano” G (derived from Bacillus subtilis , manufactured by Amano Enzyme), bioprase SP-4FG (derived from Bacillus subtilis , manufactured by Nagase Chemtech), Newase (derived from Rhizopus niveus , manufactured by Amano Enzyme) , acylase A (Aspergillus sp. derived from, Made of bear), acylase "Amano" (Aspergillus sp. Origin, manufactured by Amano Enzyme), acylase (Aspergillus sp. Origin, manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and the like.

上記の市販の酵素は、いずれもS体の2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルを優先的に加水分解して(S)−2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸に変換する性質を有する。このうち、収率、酵素使用量、酵素の価格及び得られる化合物の光学純度の観点から、キャンディダ(Candida)属由来のリパーゼOF(Candida cylindracea由来、名糖産業製)、リパーゼMY(Candida cylindracea由来、名糖産業製)もしくはリパーゼAYS(Candida rugosa由来、天野エンザイム製)が特に好ましい。 All of the above-mentioned commercially available enzymes hydrolyze the S-substituted 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester preferentially to give (S) -2-substituted-3- (4-substituted). It has the property of being converted to oxyphenyl) propionic acid. Among these, from the viewpoint of yield, amount of enzyme used, enzyme price and optical purity of the resulting compound, lipase OF derived from Candida genus (derived from Candida cylindracea , manufactured by Meito Sangyo), lipase MY ( Candida cylindracea Origin, manufactured by Meisei Sangyo) or lipase AYS (derived from Candida rugosa , manufactured by Amano Enzyme) is particularly preferable.

また、R体を優先的に加水分解するする酵素の具体例としては、ノボザイム539(Bacillus sp.由来、ノボザイム製)、キモトリプシン(牛膵臓由来、和光純薬製)などを挙げることができる。これらの酵素はいずれも、R体の2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルを優先的に加水分解して(R)−2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸に変換する性質を有する。 Specific examples of the enzyme that preferentially hydrolyzes the R form include Novozyme 539 (derived from Bacillus sp., Manufactured by Novozyme), chymotrypsin (derived from bovine pancreas, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) and the like. All of these enzymes hydrolyze the R-substituted 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester preferentially to give (R) -2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl). ) It has the property of converting to propionic acid.

製造したい化合物の光学的立体構造に応じて、上記で例示した酵素の1種または2種以上を用いることができる。
Depending on the optical steric structure of the compound to be produced, one or more of the enzymes exemplified above can be used.

以下、実施例などにより本発明について具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の例により何ら限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example etc. demonstrate this invention concretely, this invention is not limited at all by the following examples.

(実施例1)ラセミ体2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチルの合成
窒素雰囲気下、ジメトキシ酢酸メチル5.4gとアセチルクロリド4.0gの混合物にヨウ素15mgを添加し、氷冷下で15分、室温で40分更に50℃で1.3時間攪拌した。反応液にトルエンを添加後、減圧下で溶媒を留去することにより、反応液に含まれる低沸点化合物を除去した。これにより2−クロロ−2−メトキシ酢酸メチル8.6gが得られた。
(Example 1) Synthesis of racemic methyl 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate In a nitrogen atmosphere, 15 mg of iodine was added to a mixture of 5.4 g of methyl dimethoxyacetate and 4.0 g of acetyl chloride, and iced. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes under cooling, at room temperature for 40 minutes, and further at 50 ° C. for 1.3 hours. After adding toluene to the reaction solution, the low boiling point compound contained in the reaction solution was removed by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure. As a result, 8.6 g of methyl 2-chloro-2-methoxyacetate was obtained.

窒素雰囲気下、上記で得られた2−クロロ−2−メトキシ酢酸メチル8.6gと亜リン酸トリエチル7.2gを混合し、150℃で7時間攪拌した。反応液にトルエンを添加後、減圧下で溶媒を留去することにより、反応液に含まれる低沸点化合物を除去した。シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製を行ない、2−ジエトキシホスフィニル−2−メトキシ酢酸メチル5.4gを得た。   Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 8.6 g of methyl 2-chloro-2-methoxyacetate obtained above and 7.2 g of triethyl phosphite were mixed and stirred at 150 ° C. for 7 hours. After adding toluene to the reaction solution, the low boiling point compound contained in the reaction solution was removed by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure. Purification was performed by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 5.4 g of methyl 2-diethoxyphosphinyl-2-methoxyacetate.

上記で得られた2−ジエトキシホスフィニル−2−メトキシ酢酸メチル5.4gとアニスアルデヒド3.0gをトルエン50mlに溶解し、窒素雰囲気下でtert−ブトキシカリウムを2−ジエトキシホスフィニル−2−メトキシ酢酸メチルの1.5モル等量を添加し、室温で18時間攪拌した。反応液を塩化アンモニウム水溶液で洗浄後、溶媒を減圧留去した。残渣に10%パラジウム炭素2.5gを含むトルエン溶液50mlを添加後、水素加圧(0.24MPa)下で24℃で2時間攪拌した。セライトで減圧濾過後、濾液を無水硫酸ナトリウムで脱水した。減圧下で溶媒を留去し、4.5gのラセミ体2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチルを黄色オイルとして得た。
1H NMR(CDCl3/ppm):δ2.91−3.01(m,2H),3.35(s,3H),3.72(s,3H),3.79(s,3H),3.90−3.96(m,1H),6.81−6.84(m,2H),7.12−7.14(m,2H)。
5.4 g of methyl 2-diethoxyphosphinyl-2-methoxyacetate and 3.0 g of anisaldehyde obtained above are dissolved in 50 ml of toluene, and tert-butoxy potassium is dissolved in 2-diethoxyphosphinyl under a nitrogen atmosphere. 1.5 molar equivalents of methyl-2-methoxyacetate was added and stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction solution was washed with an aqueous ammonium chloride solution, and then the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. After adding 50 ml of a toluene solution containing 2.5 g of 10% palladium carbon to the residue, the mixture was stirred at 24 ° C. for 2 hours under hydrogen pressure (0.24 MPa). After filtration under reduced pressure with Celite, the filtrate was dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 4.5 g of racemic methyl 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate as a yellow oil.
1 H NMR (CDCl 3 / ppm): δ 2.91-3.01 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.90-3.96 (m, 1H), 6.81-6.84 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.14 (m, 2H).

(実施例2)
実施例1で得られたラセミ体2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチル10mgに、0.1Mリン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)0.5ml及び下記の表1に記載したそれぞれの市販酵素5mgもしくは0.5mgを加えて、30℃で16時間反応させた。反応後、酢酸エチル1mlを加えてよく混合し、有機層の一部を採取して下記に記載の高速液体クロマトグラフィー分析条件で分析した。
[高速液体クロマトグラフィー分析条件]
カラム:Chiralcel OJ(ダイセル化学製)、カラム温度:20℃、溶離液:ヘキサン/イソプロパノール/トリフルオロ酢酸=70/30/0.1、流速=0.5ml/min、検出:254nm、溶出時間:(R)−2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸12.7分、(S)−2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸16.8分、(R)−2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチル25.1分、(S)−2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチル22.8分
上記分析結果から、2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸への変換率、生成した2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸及び未反応の2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチルの絶対立体配置及び光学純度を求めた。結果を以下の表1に示す。使用酵素量は、基質であるラセミ体2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチルの重量に対する割合で示した。
(Example 2)
In 10 mg of racemic methyl 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate obtained in Example 1, 0.5 ml of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and listed in Table 1 below 5 mg or 0.5 mg of each commercially available enzyme was added and reacted at 30 ° C. for 16 hours. After the reaction, 1 ml of ethyl acetate was added and mixed well, and a part of the organic layer was collected and analyzed under the high performance liquid chromatography analysis conditions described below.
[High-performance liquid chromatography analysis conditions]
Column: Chiralcel OJ (Daicel Chemical), column temperature: 20 ° C., eluent: hexane / isopropanol / trifluoroacetic acid = 70/30 / 0.1, flow rate = 0.5 ml / min, detection: 254 nm, elution time: (R) -2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid 12.7 minutes, (S) -2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid 16.8 minutes, (R)- Methyl 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate 25.1 minutes, methyl (S) -2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate 22.8 minutes From the above analysis results, Conversion rate to methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid, produced 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid and unreacted 2 And the absolute configuration and optical purity of the methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate. The results are shown in Table 1 below. The amount of enzyme used is shown as a ratio to the weight of the racemic methyl 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate as a substrate.

Figure 2006050990
Figure 2006050990

(実施例3)
下記の表2に記載したそれぞれの市販酵素を用いて、実施例21と同様に操作後、分析により2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸への変換率、生成した2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸及び未反応の2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチルの絶対立体配置及び光学純度を求めた。結果を以下の表2に示す。
(Example 3)
Using each of the commercially available enzymes listed in Table 2 below, after the same operation as in Example 21, the conversion rate to 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid by analysis and the produced 2-methoxy The absolute configuration and optical purity of methyl 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid and unreacted methyl 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate were determined. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Figure 2006050990
Figure 2006050990

(実施例4)
リパーゼOF(名糖産業製)、リパーゼMY(名糖産業製)もしくはリパーゼAYS(天野エンザイム製)を用いて、実施例2と同様に反応を行ない、分析により2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸への変換率、生成した2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸及び未反応の2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチルの絶対立体配置及び光学純度を求めた。結果を以下の表3に示す。
Example 4
The reaction was conducted in the same manner as in Example 2 using lipase OF (manufactured by Meisei Sangyo), lipase MY (manufactured by Meisho Sangyo) or lipase AYS (manufactured by Amano Enzyme), and 2-methoxy-3- (4- Conversion rate to methoxyphenyl) propionic acid, absolute configuration of the resulting 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid and unreacted methyl 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate and Optical purity was determined. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

Figure 2006050990
Figure 2006050990

上記の表3の結果から、酵素としてリパーゼOF(名糖産業製)、リパーゼMY(名糖産業製)もしくはリパーゼAYS(天野エンザイム製)を用いた場合、他の市販酵素を用いた場合に比べて、非常に少ない酵素使用量で、高光学純度の(R)−2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸及び(S)−2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチルが高収率で得られた。   From the results of Table 3 above, when lipase OF (manufactured by Meitsu Sangyo), lipase MY (manufactured by Meisho Sangyo) or lipase AYS (manufactured by Amano Enzyme) is used as an enzyme, compared to the case of using other commercially available enzymes. (R) -2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid and (S) -2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid having a very small amount of enzyme and high optical purity Methyl acid was obtained in high yield.

(実施例5)
実施例1で得られたラセミ体2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチル63.2g及びリパーゼAYS(天野エンザイム製)422mgを0.1Mリン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)632mlに添加し、5N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液でpH7.0に保ちながら30℃で24時間攪拌しながら反応させた。反応開始後の2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸への変換率は48.0%であり、生成した2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸の光学純度は95.6%e.e.(R)、未反応の2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチルの光学純度は88.4%e.e.(S)であった。
(Example 5)
63.2 g of racemic methyl 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate obtained in Example 1 and 422 mg of lipase AYS (manufactured by Amano Enzyme) were added to 632 ml of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The mixture was reacted for 24 hours with stirring at 30 ° C. while maintaining pH 7.0 with 5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The conversion rate to 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid after the start of the reaction was 48.0%, and the optical purity of the produced 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid was 95.6% e. e. (R), the optical purity of unreacted methyl 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate is 88.4% e.e. e. (S).

(実施例6)
実施例5で得られた反応液約720mlより、(R)−2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸及び(S)−2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチルを取得した。反応液を5N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液でpH8に調整後、トルエン720mlで2度、540mlで1度抽出操作を行なった。得られた有機層を集めて飽和食塩水60mlで洗浄後、溶媒を留去することにより、2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸を含まない光学純度88.4%e.e.の(S)−2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチル27.3gをオイルとして得た。
(Example 6)
From about 720 ml of the reaction solution obtained in Example 5, (R) -2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid and (S) -2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid Obtained methyl. The reaction solution was adjusted to pH 8 with 5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and extracted twice with 720 ml of toluene and once with 540 ml. The obtained organic layer was collected and washed with 60 ml of saturated brine, and then the solvent was distilled off to obtain an optical purity of 88.4% e.e. free of 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid. e. 27.3 g of methyl (S) -2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate was obtained as an oil.

上記の抽出操作後の水層について、6N塩酸でpH3に調整後、トルエン720mlで2度、540mlで2度抽出操作を行なった。得られた有機層を集めて飽和食塩水60mlで洗浄後、溶媒を留去することにより、2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチルを含まない光学純度95.5%e.e.の(R)−2−メトキシ−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)プロピオン酸23.8gをオイルとして得た。
1H NMR(CDCl3/ppm):δ2.94−2.99(m,1H),3.06−3.11(m,1H),3.40(s,3H),3.79(s,3H),3.97−4.00(m,1H),6.82−6.85(m,2H),7.13−7.17(m,2H)。

The aqueous layer after the above extraction operation was adjusted to pH 3 with 6N hydrochloric acid, and then extracted twice with 720 ml of toluene and twice with 540 ml. The obtained organic layer was collected and washed with 60 ml of saturated brine, and then the solvent was distilled off to obtain an optical purity of 95.5% e.e. not containing methyl 2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionate. e. Of (R) -2-methoxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid was obtained as an oil.
1 H NMR (CDCl 3 / ppm): δ 2.94-2.99 (m, 1H), 3.06-3.11 (m, 1H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s 3H), 3.97-4.00 (m, 1H), 6.82-6.85 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.17 (m, 2H).

Claims (18)

一般式(1):
Figure 2006050990
(式中、R1は、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基、炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基、炭素数2〜10のアシル基、アリル基、メタンスルホニル基、p−トルエンスルホニル基、又は複素環基を示し、R2及びR3は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基、炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基を示す。)で表される2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの光学異性体混合物に、該化合物の不斉加水分解能を有する酵素を作用させることを特徴とする、一般式(2):
Figure 2006050990
(式中、R1及びR2は前記と同じ基を示す。*は不斉炭素原子を示す。)で表される光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸またはその塩、およびその対掌体をなす一般式(3):
Figure 2006050990
(式中、R1、R2及びR3は前記と同じ基を示し、*は不斉炭素原子を示す。)で表される光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの製造方法。
General formula (1):
Figure 2006050990
(In the formula, R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an allyl group, or a methanesulfonyl group. , P-toluenesulfonyl group, or heterocyclic group, R 2 and R 3 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.) An enzyme having an asymmetric hydrolysis ability of the compound is allowed to act on a mixture of optical isomers of 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester represented by the general formula (2) ):
Figure 2006050990
(Wherein R 1 and R 2 represent the same groups as described above. * Represents an asymmetric carbon atom.) Or an optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid represented by General formula (3) forming a salt and its enantiomer:
Figure 2006050990
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 represent the same groups as described above, and * represents an asymmetric carbon atom), represented by the optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propion Production method of acid ester.
1が炭素数1〜10のアルキル基である請求項1に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to claim 1, wherein R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. 1がメチル基である請求項1に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to claim 1, wherein R 1 is a methyl group. 2及びR3が炭素数1〜10のアルキル基である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。 R < 2 > and R < 3 > is a C1-C10 alkyl group, The manufacturing method of any one of Claims 1-3. 不斉加水分解能を有する酵素が2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルのS体を優先的に加水分解する酵素であり、生成する光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸またはその塩の立体配置がS体であり、且つ光学活性2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステルの立体配置がR体である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。 An enzyme having an asymmetric hydrolytic ability is an enzyme that preferentially hydrolyzes the S-form of 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester and produces optically active 2-substituted-3- (4 The configuration of -substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid or a salt thereof is S-form, and the configuration of optically active 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid ester is R-form. 5. The production method according to any one of 4 above. 酵素が、微生物、動物または植物起源のリパーゼ、エステラーゼもしくはプロテアーゼである請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the enzyme is a lipase, esterase or protease of a microorganism, animal or plant origin. 酵素が、アクロモバクター(Achromobacter)属、アルカリゲネス(Alcaligenes)属、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、バークホルデリア(Burkholderia)属、キャンディダ(Candida)属、ゲオトリカム(Geotrichum)属、ムコール(Mucor)属、ペニシリウム(Penicillium)属、シュードモナス(Pseudomonas)属、リゾプス(Rhizopus)属、リゾムコール(Rhizomucor)属、リゾパス(Rhizopus)属及びサーモマイセス(Thermomyces)属の微生物、豚膵臓もしくは小麦麦芽を起源とするリパーゼ、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、バシラス(Bacillus)属もしくはリゾプス(Rhizopus)属の微生物もしくは牛膵臓を起源とするプロテアーゼ、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属の微生物を起源とするアシラーゼである請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。 Enzymes, Achromobacter (Achromobacter) genus Alcaligenes (Alcaligenes) genus Aspergillus (Aspergillus) genus, Burkholderia (Burkholderia) genus Candida (Candida) spp, Geotorikamu (Geotrichum) genus Mucor (Mucor) genus, Penicillium (Penicillium) genus Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) genus, Rhizopus (Rhizopus) sp., Rhizomucor (Rhizomucor) genus, Rhizopus (Rhizopus) genus and Thermomyces (Thermomyces) microorganisms of the genus, lipase and pig pancreas or wheat malt origin, Aspergillus (Aspergillus) genus, either Bacillus (Bacillus) genus or Rhizopus (Rhizopus) protease and microbial or bovine pancreas origin of the genus Aspergillus (Aspergillus) a acylase to a microorganism origin of claims 1 to 5 1 The production method according to item. 酵素が、キャンディダ(Candida)属由来のリパーゼである請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the enzyme is a lipase derived from the genus Candida . 酵素が、キャンディダ・シリンドラッシ(Candida cylindracea)もしくはキャンディダ・ルゴーサ(Candida rugosa)由来のリパーゼである請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the enzyme is a lipase derived from Candida cylindracea or Candida rugosa . 酵素が、リパーゼAYS(天野エンザイム社製)、リパーゼMY(名糖産業社製)もしくはリパーゼOF(名糖産業社製)である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the enzyme is lipase AYS (manufactured by Amano Enzyme), lipase MY (manufactured by Meisho Sangyo Co., Ltd.) or lipase OF (manufactured by Meisho Sangyo Co., Ltd.). 一般式(4):
Figure 2006050990
(式中、R4は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基を示し、R2及びR3は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基、炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基を示す。)で表される2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸エステル。
General formula (4):
Figure 2006050990
(In the formula, R 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 are an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms. 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid esters represented by:
2位の絶対配置がRの光学活性体である請求項11に記載の化合物。 The compound according to claim 11, which is an optically active substance having an absolute configuration at the 2-position of R. 1がメチル基、R2及びR3が炭素数1〜10のアルキル基である請求項11または12に記載の化合物。 The compound according to claim 11 or 12, wherein R 1 is a methyl group, and R 2 and R 3 are alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. 1、R2及びR3がメチル基である請求項11または12に記載の化合物。 The compound according to claim 11 or 12, wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are methyl groups. 一般式(5):
Figure 2006050990
(式中、R4は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基を示し、R2は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基、炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基を示す。*は不斉炭素原子を示す。)で表される2−置換−3−(4−置換オキシフェニル)プロピオン酸またはその塩。
General formula (5):
Figure 2006050990
(In the formula, R 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms. * Represents an asymmetric carbon atom.) 2-substituted-3- (4-substituted oxyphenyl) propionic acid or a salt thereof.
2位の絶対配置がSの光学活性体である請求項15に記載の化合物。 The compound according to claim 15, wherein the absolute configuration at the 2-position is an optically active form of S. 1がメチル基、R2が炭素数1〜10のアルキル基である請求項15または16に記載の化合物。 The compound according to claim 15 or 16, wherein R 1 is a methyl group and R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. 1及びR2がメチル基である請求項15または16に記載の化合物。

The compound according to claim 15 or 16, wherein R 1 and R 2 are methyl groups.

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1787892A1 (en) 2005-11-21 2007-05-23 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Steer-by-wire steering system and method for a motor vehicle
WO2007072753A1 (en) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-28 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Process for production of optically active 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-alkoxypropanoic acid or ester thereof
JP2011509692A (en) * 2008-01-25 2011-03-31 ゼノポート,インコーポレイティド Enantiomeric degradation of acyloxyalkyl thiocarbonates used in the synthesis of acyloxyalkyl carbamate prodrugs.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1787892A1 (en) 2005-11-21 2007-05-23 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Steer-by-wire steering system and method for a motor vehicle
WO2007072753A1 (en) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-28 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Process for production of optically active 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-alkoxypropanoic acid or ester thereof
JP2011509692A (en) * 2008-01-25 2011-03-31 ゼノポート,インコーポレイティド Enantiomeric degradation of acyloxyalkyl thiocarbonates used in the synthesis of acyloxyalkyl carbamate prodrugs.

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