JP2005329412A - Laser welding method, laser weld joint, outer plate panel, and rolling stock body structure - Google Patents

Laser welding method, laser weld joint, outer plate panel, and rolling stock body structure Download PDF

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JP2005329412A
JP2005329412A JP2004147598A JP2004147598A JP2005329412A JP 2005329412 A JP2005329412 A JP 2005329412A JP 2004147598 A JP2004147598 A JP 2004147598A JP 2004147598 A JP2004147598 A JP 2004147598A JP 2005329412 A JP2005329412 A JP 2005329412A
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plate
laser beam
laser
reinforcing member
welding
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JP3957703B2 (en
JP2005329412A5 (en
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Osamu Komaki
修 小牧
Toshiyuki Hirashima
利行 平嶋
Takayuki Murata
隆行 村田
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Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
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Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
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Priority to JP2004147598A priority Critical patent/JP3957703B2/en
Priority to CNB2005800158090A priority patent/CN100556606C/en
Priority to CN2008101697648A priority patent/CN101428622B/en
Priority to EP05730654A priority patent/EP1752250B1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2005/007076 priority patent/WO2005110663A1/en
Priority to AU2005243819A priority patent/AU2005243819B2/en
Priority to KR1020087006977A priority patent/KR100850099B1/en
Priority to BRPI0510868-3B1A priority patent/BRPI0510868B1/en
Priority to BR122012001404A priority patent/BR122012001404B1/en
Priority to KR1020067026538A priority patent/KR100850100B1/en
Priority to EP10013937.7A priority patent/EP2286954B1/en
Priority to EP12006438.1A priority patent/EP2537626B1/en
Priority to US11/596,834 priority patent/US8124908B2/en
Priority to CA002563618A priority patent/CA2563618C/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a laser welding method, a laser weld joint, an outer plate panel, and a rolling stock body structure in which the welding quality is secured, and welding traces are made visually inconspicuous. <P>SOLUTION: Plate-like members 1, 2 overlap each other, and are continuously irradiated with laser beams R while laser beams are moved from the out-of-plane direction, and an area to the inner part of the plate-like member 1 opposite to the plate-like member 2 irradiated with laser beams R is heated and melted. The plate-like members 1, 2 are welded while controlling the output of laser beams or the moving speed of laser beams so that the bottom of a molten pool P generated thereby does not reach the outer face S1 of the plate-like member 1 on the opposite side. In the plate-like member 1 on the opposite side, the outer face S1 is subjected to grinding in advance in the direction substantially parallel to the direction of the weld line by the laser beams R. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、レーザ溶接方法、レーザ溶接継手、それを用いた外板パネルおよび鉄道車両の構体構造に関するものである。無塗装の鉄道車両構体、あるいはバス、トラック等の車体に特に適するものである。   The present invention relates to a laser welding method, a laser welded joint, an outer panel using the same, and a structure of a railway vehicle. It is particularly suitable for unpainted railway vehicle structures or buses, trucks and other vehicle bodies.

一般に、レーザ光を熱源として、主として金属に集光した状態で照射し、金属を局部的に溶融・凝固させることによって接合するレーザ溶接方法は知られている。レーザ溶接方法は、他の溶接方法と比べて精密な入熱制御が容易であるという利点がある。   In general, there is known a laser welding method in which laser light is used as a heat source, irradiation is performed mainly on a metal, and the metal is joined by locally melting and solidifying the metal. The laser welding method has an advantage that precise heat input control is easy compared to other welding methods.

このことを利用して薄板（肉厚０．５〜４ｍｍ程度）どうしの重ね溶接継手において、レーザビームを照射した薄板の反対側に位置する薄板の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、それにより生じた溶融池の底部が前記反対側の薄板の外側面に到達しないようにする部分溶込み溶接が開発されており、溶接裏面に溶接ビードを露見させない溶接継手の形成が可能となる。   In this way, in the lap weld joint between thin plates (thickness of about 0.5 to 4 mm), the region to the inside of the thin plate located on the opposite side of the thin plate irradiated with the laser beam is heated and melted, thereby Partial penetration welding has been developed to prevent the bottom of the molten pool from reaching the outer surface of the opposite thin plate, and it is possible to form a weld joint that does not expose the weld bead on the back of the weld.

このことを応用して、車両構体などにおいて、補強部材の接合部と外板とを密着させた部分に、非接触で補強部材側からレーザビームを移動させながら照射して、補強部材の表面から外板の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、溶融池の底部が外板の外側面に到達しないようにレーザ出力またはビーム移動速度を制御しながら外板パネルと補強部材とを接合することは知られている（例えば特許文献１〜３参照）。   Applying this, in a vehicle structure or the like, irradiate a portion where the joint portion of the reinforcing member and the outer plate are in close contact with each other while moving the laser beam from the reinforcing member side in a non-contact manner, and from the surface of the reinforcing member. It is possible to heat and melt the area up to the inside of the outer plate and join the outer plate panel and the reinforcing member while controlling the laser output or beam moving speed so that the bottom of the molten pool does not reach the outer surface of the outer plate. It is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).

これにより溶接裏面となる外板の外側面を、意匠性のある外板面としてそのまま利用することができる。このようなレーザ溶接の技術は、特に、塗装の不要なステンレス製の鉄道車両構体、あるいはバス、トラック等の車体に適用する場合に利点がある。従来の抵抗スポット溶接による接合では必ず溶接圧痕と溶接焼けが外板面に残り、外観を損ねるとともに、発生した溶接焼けの後処理に多大なコストがかかっていたからである。   Thereby, the outer side surface of the outer plate used as a welding back surface can be utilized as it is as a design outer plate surface. Such a laser welding technique is particularly advantageous when applied to a stainless steel railway vehicle structure that does not require painting, or a vehicle body such as a bus or truck. This is because, in conventional joining by resistance spot welding, welding indentation and welding burn always remain on the outer plate surface, and the appearance is impaired, and post-treatment of the generated welding burn is expensive.

レーザ溶接における接合強度のばらつきを抑えて構造物としての安定した品質を得るためには、ある程度の溶け込み深さが必要であるが、深すぎると溶接裏面に高温酸化による変色（裏焼け）が生じたり、溶接ビードが露出したりするおそれがある。これを解決する方法も知られている（例えば特許文献４参照）。   In order to suppress the dispersion of joint strength in laser welding and obtain a stable quality as a structure, a certain depth of penetration is necessary, but if it is too deep, discoloration (backburning) due to high-temperature oxidation occurs on the back of the weld. Or the weld bead may be exposed. A method for solving this problem is also known (see, for example, Patent Document 4).

また、溶接時における溶接裏面の冷却や、後処理によっても酸化変色を排除することも可能である。
特許第２７９５３３９号公報（段落００１０〜００１８および図２参照） 特許第２９０７３１７号公報（段落０００９〜００１５参照） 特表２００２−５１５３７３号公報（段落００２５，００２６および図４，図５参照） 特許第２９２９４４７号公報（段落００１０〜００１７および図３，図６参照） It is also possible to eliminate oxidation discoloration by cooling the welding back surface during welding or by post-processing.
Japanese Patent No. 2795339 (see paragraphs 0010 to 0018 and FIG. 2) Japanese Patent No. 2907317 (see paragraphs 0009-0015) JP-T-2002-515373 (see paragraphs 0025 and 0026 and FIGS. 4 and 5) Japanese Patent No. 2929447 (see paragraphs 0010 to 0017 and FIGS. 3 and 6)

上記のように溶接裏面への溶接線の貫通や酸化変色の問題は、従来技術によりある程度解決されたが、レーザビームにより局部的に加熱された溶接部の収縮により重ね継手における部材はわずかに角折れを起こし、これが溶接裏面において溶接線に沿った凸状の溶接痕として現れるという課題が残されている。   As described above, the problem of penetration of the weld line to the weld back surface and oxidation discoloration has been solved to some extent by the prior art, but the members in the lap joint are slightly square due to shrinkage of the weld locally heated by the laser beam. There remains a problem in that bending occurs and this appears as a convex welding mark along the weld line on the welding back surface.

前記角折れに伴う凸状の溶接痕は、レーザビームによる溶融池の貫通や酸化変色に比べれば全く軽微なものであるが、もともとレーザ溶接に伴う溶接歪みは小さいので、この溶接痕をなくすことが、外板の品質と付加価値を高めるために求められる。   The convex welding traces associated with the corner folds are quite minor compared to penetration of the weld pool by laser beam and oxidation discoloration. However, since the welding distortion associated with laser welding is originally small, these welding traces should be eliminated. However, it is required to increase the quality and added value of the skin.

その一方、この溶接痕を生じさせないようにレーザの出力を調整して接合を行うと、例えば下板１．５ｍｍ厚、上板１ｍｍ厚の場合は、継手界面のビード幅は０．３ｍｍ〜０．５ｍｍ、下板への溶け込み深さは０．１ｍｍ〜０．２ｍｍとなり、この程度の溶け込み深さでは何らかの外乱の影響を受けた場合には全く接合されない。逆に凸状の溶接痕が生じれば確実に継手が形成されていることになり、接合品質と外観品質とのいずれも同時に確保するのは困難である。   On the other hand, when joining is performed by adjusting the laser output so as not to cause this welding mark, for example, when the lower plate has a thickness of 1.5 mm and the upper plate has a thickness of 1 mm, the bead width of the joint interface is 0.3 mm to 0 mm. The depth of penetration to the lower plate is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, and at such a penetration depth, no joining is performed when affected by some disturbance. On the contrary, if a convex welding mark is generated, the joint is surely formed, and it is difficult to ensure both the joint quality and the appearance quality at the same time.

なお、下板の厚さが３ｍｍ以上である場合は十分な溶け込み深さを確保しても外板面への影響はほとんどないことが確認されているが、下板の板厚の必要以上の増加は構造物の質量を著しく増すことになるので好ましくない。   In addition, when the thickness of the lower plate is 3 mm or more, it has been confirmed that there is almost no influence on the outer plate surface even if a sufficient penetration depth is ensured. An increase is not preferable because it significantly increases the mass of the structure.

そこで、発明者らは、鋭意研究を重ねたところ、外板の外側面に、前記レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工（例えば、鉄道車両のステンレス構体で一般に使用されているベルトグラインド仕上げ）を施せば、光の散乱の具合により溶接線がほとんど見えなくなることを見出し、本発明をなすに至ったものである。   Accordingly, the inventors have conducted extensive research and have found that the outer surface of the outer plate is polished in parallel with the laser beam welding line direction (for example, a belt grind generally used in a stainless steel structure of a railway vehicle). It has been found that if the finish is applied, the weld line becomes almost invisible due to the degree of light scattering, and the present invention has been made.

この発明は、接合品質を確保して、溶接痕を視覚的に目立たなくすることができるレーザ溶接方法、レーザ溶接継手、外板パネルおよび鉄道車両の構体構造を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide a laser welding method, a laser welded joint, an outer plate panel, and a structure of a railway vehicle, which can secure joint quality and make weld marks visually inconspicuous.

請求項１の発明は、複数の板状部材を重ね合せ、その面外方向からレーザビームを移動しながら連続的に照射し、レーザビームを照射した板状部材の反対側に位置する板状部材の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、それにより生じた溶融池の底部が前記反対側の板状部材の外側面に到達しないように、レーザビームの出力またはビーム移動速度を制御しながら前記複数の板状部材が接合するレーザ溶接方法であって、前記反対側の板状部材の外側面に、予め前記レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工が施されているものを用いることを特徴とする。ここで、「板状部材」とは、全体が板状である必要はなく、レーザ溶接により接合される部分が板状である場合も含まれる。「研磨加工」は、ベルトグラインダによるＢＧ（ベルトグラインド）仕上げといわれるもので、「ＪＩＳ Ｒ ６００１」で規定される砥粒を接着したベルトを回転させ鋼板の表面を一方向に断続的に（不連続に）研磨することにより仕上げるものである（「ＪＩＳ Ｇ ４３０５」でＮｏ．３やＮｏ．４なる記号で示される表面仕上げに該当する）。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of plate-like members are overlapped and continuously irradiated while moving the laser beam from the out-of-plane direction, and the plate-like member located on the opposite side of the plate-like member irradiated with the laser beam. The plurality of regions are controlled while controlling the laser beam output or the beam moving speed so that the bottom of the molten pool formed by heating and melting the region up to the inside of the plate does not reach the outer surface of the plate member on the opposite side. A laser welding method for joining the plate-like members, wherein the outer surface of the plate-like member on the opposite side is preliminarily polished in substantially parallel to the welding line direction by the laser beam. Features. Here, the “plate member” does not have to be plate-like as a whole, and includes a case where a portion to be joined by laser welding is plate-like. “Polishing” is said to be BG (belt grind) finishing by a belt grinder, and the belt to which the abrasive grains specified in “JIS R 6001” are adhered is rotated to intermittently discontinue the surface of the steel sheet in one direction. It is finished by polishing (corresponding to the surface finish indicated by the symbols “No. 3” and “No. 4” in “JIS G 4305”).

このようにすれば、外側面を構成する板状部材として、レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工を施している板状部材を用い、光の散乱の具合により、溶接線がほとんど見えなくなるようにしているので、後加工として、外側面に対して表面仕上げをすることなく、外側面に現れる凸状の溶接痕が視覚的に目立たないようになる。   In this way, the plate-like member constituting the outer surface is a plate-like member that is ground in parallel with the direction of the weld line by the laser beam, and the weld line is almost visible due to the degree of light scattering. Since it is made to disappear, the convex welding trace which appears on an outer side surface does not become visually conspicuous, without carrying out surface finishing with respect to an outer side surface as a post process.

請求項２の発明は、複数の板状部材を重ね合せ、その面外方向からレーザビームを移動しながら連続的に照射し、レーザビームを照射した板状部材の反対側に位置する板状部材の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、それにより生じた溶融池の底部が前記反対側の板状部材の外側面に到達しないように、レーザビームの出力またはビーム移動速度を制御しながら前記複数の板状部材が接合されてなるレーザ溶接継手であって、前記反対側の板状部材の外側面に、前記レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工が施されていることを特徴とする。ここで、「レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工が施されている」とは、外側面を構成する板状部材の内側に接合される板状部材（例えば、骨材または内張り材などの取付部品）の構成上、(i)溶接線方向を特定の一方向に限定することができない場合には最も外観（外側面）への影響の大きい溶接線方向に研磨方向を合せること、(ii)溶接線方向を特定の一方向に限定することができない場合に、研磨方向と一致しない溶接線となる板状部材を、研磨方向とほぼ一致する溶接線によって接合された板状部材に溶接すること、(iii)溶接線方向を特定の一方向に限定することができない場合に、研磨方向と一致しない溶接線の溶接痕（角折れに伴う凸状の溶接痕）が外側面側から視認できないように、または視認が困難となるようにその溶接痕の上に保護材や表装材を取付けることも含まれる。また、板状部材の外側面にレーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工を施すのは、接合の前であっても、接合の後であってもよい。   The invention according to claim 2 is a plate-like member positioned on the opposite side of the plate-like member irradiated with the laser beam by superimposing a plurality of plate-like members and continuously irradiating the laser beam from the out-of-plane direction. The plurality of regions are controlled while controlling the laser beam output or the beam moving speed so that the bottom of the molten pool formed by heating and melting the region up to the inside of the plate does not reach the outer surface of the plate member on the opposite side. The plate-shaped member is joined by laser welding, and the outer surface of the opposite plate-shaped member is polished substantially in parallel with the laser beam welding line direction. To do. Here, “the polishing process is performed substantially parallel to the welding line direction by the laser beam” means that a plate-like member (for example, an aggregate or a lining material) joined to the inside of the plate-like member constituting the outer surface. (I) If the weld line direction cannot be limited to a specific direction, the grinding direction should be aligned with the weld line direction that has the greatest effect on the appearance (outer surface). (ii) When the welding line direction cannot be limited to a specific direction, the plate-like member that becomes a welding line that does not match the polishing direction is replaced with a plate-like member joined by a welding line that substantially matches the polishing direction. Welding, and (iii) if the weld line direction cannot be limited to a specific direction, the weld trace of the weld line that does not coincide with the polishing direction (convex weld trace due to corner breakage) is seen from the outer surface side. Make sure that it is not visible or difficult to see. Also it includes attaching a protective material or upholstery on the welding marks. Further, the outer surface of the plate-like member may be subjected to the polishing process substantially in parallel with the direction of the welding line by the laser beam before or after the joining.

このようにすれば、外側面を構成する板状部材として、レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工を施しているので、不連続に研磨された外側面上における光の散乱の具合により、溶接線の溶接痕がほとんど見えなくなる。つまり、外側面上に現れる、角折れに伴う凸状の溶接痕が視覚的に目立たないようになり、外板の見栄えが向上する。   In this way, since the plate-like member constituting the outer surface is polished substantially in parallel with the welding line direction by the laser beam, depending on the degree of light scattering on the discontinuously polished outer surface. , Weld marks on the weld line are almost invisible. In other words, the convex weld marks appearing on the outer surface due to the corner breakage are not visually noticeable, and the appearance of the outer plate is improved.

このように、重ね溶接継手の構成部材のうち溶接裏面となる外側面（重ね溶接継手における下側の板状部材の下面）にベルトグラインダなどにより溶接線とほぼ平行方向に研磨処理された部材を用いると、十分な溶込みのある部分溶込み溶接継手であっても、光の散乱などにより上記のごとく発生する溶接痕はほとんど視認し得ない（視覚的に目立たない）ものとなる。よって、何ら後処理を施すことなく、美麗な外側面が構成される。すなわち、安定かつ適切な接合強度の確保と、美麗な外観品質の確保との両立を実現できることになる。   As described above, a member that is polished in a direction substantially parallel to the weld line by a belt grinder or the like on the outer surface (the lower surface of the lower plate-like member in the lap weld joint) of the constituent members of the lap weld joint is used. When used, even a partially-penetrated welded joint with sufficient penetration cannot be visually recognized (not visually noticeable) as described above due to light scattering or the like. Thus, a beautiful outer surface is formed without any post-processing. That is, it is possible to realize both of ensuring a stable and appropriate joint strength and ensuring a beautiful appearance quality.

このことを、２枚の板状部材を重ね合わせて接合する場合についてさらに説明すると、まず、図１（ａ）に示すように、板状部材１，２（例えば、ＳＵＳ３０１Ｌ、ＳＵＳ３０４などの冷間圧延ステンレス鋼板）を重ね合せ、その板状部材２の、板状部材１に接触する面と反対側の面側からレーザビームＲを移動しながら板状部材１，２に対し連続的に照射し、レーザビームＲを照射した板状部材２の反対側の板状部材１の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、それにより生じた溶融池Ｐの底部が反対側の板状部材１の外側面Ｓ１に到達しないように、レーザビームＲの出力またはビーム移動速度を制御しながら板状部材１，２を接合するので、外側面Ｓ１に溶接ビードは現れない。この場合、図１（ｂ）に示すように、レーザ溶接による熱収縮のため、わずかに角度θの角折れに伴う凸状の溶接痕が生じる。そして、図１（ｃ）に示すように、この角折れ部（角折れ線Ｌ）が外側の板状部材１の外側面にすじ状になって現れる。しかしながら、図１（ｄ）に示すように、外側面Ｓ１に溶接線に平行に研磨加工を施しているので、外側面Ｓ１に衝突する光の散乱の具合により溶接痕である角折れ部（角折れ線Ｌ）がほとんど見えなくなる。なお、表面が滑らかであると、図１７（ａ）に示すように、特定方向からの光が、角折れ部を境に反射方向Ｒ１，Ｒ２にはっきりと分かれて視点に向かうので、角折れ線Ｌが見えるが、溶接線方向に研磨加工された表面では、図１７（ｂ）に示すように、あらゆる方向からの光が反射して視点に向かうので、角折れ部Ｌが見えなくなる。   This will be further described in the case where two plate-like members are overlapped and joined. First, as shown in FIG. 1A, the plate-like members 1 and 2 (for example, SUS301L, SUS304, etc. Rolled stainless steel plate) is superimposed, and the plate members 1 and 2 are continuously irradiated while moving the laser beam R from the surface of the plate member 2 opposite to the surface in contact with the plate member 1. The region up to the inside of the plate-like member 1 on the opposite side of the plate-like member 2 irradiated with the laser beam R is heated and melted, and the bottom of the molten pool P generated thereby is the outer surface of the plate-like member 1 on the opposite side. Since the plate-like members 1 and 2 are joined while controlling the output of the laser beam R or the beam moving speed so as not to reach S1, no weld bead appears on the outer surface S1. In this case, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), convex welding traces slightly accompanying the angle θ are generated due to heat shrinkage due to laser welding. And as shown in FIG.1 (c), this corner broken part (corner broken line L) appears on the outer surface of the outer plate-shaped member 1 in the shape of a stripe. However, as shown in FIG. 1 (d), since the outer surface S1 is polished in parallel with the weld line, a corner bent portion (corner) that is a welding mark is caused by the degree of scattering of light that collides with the outer surface S1. The broken line L) becomes almost invisible. If the surface is smooth, as shown in FIG. 17 (a), light from a specific direction is clearly divided into reflection directions R1 and R2 from the corner fold and bound to the viewpoint. However, on the surface polished in the weld line direction, as shown in FIG. 17 (b), light from all directions is reflected and headed to the viewpoint, so that the corner bent portion L cannot be seen.

よって、(i)溶接線が外側面に現れず、美麗な外側面が得られ、また溶接ひずみが小さく、寸法精度の向上が図れるので、品質の向上の点で有利となる。また、(ii)レーザ溶接により溶接速度がはやくなり、施工性が向上するので、製造コストの低減が図れる。さらに、(iii)レーザ溶接により連続溶接が可能となり、シールを廃止できるので、メンテナンスコストの低減が図れる。   Therefore, (i) a weld line does not appear on the outer surface, a beautiful outer surface is obtained, welding distortion is small, and dimensional accuracy can be improved, which is advantageous in terms of quality improvement. Also, (ii) laser welding speeds up the welding and improves workability, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Furthermore, (iii) laser welding enables continuous welding and the seal can be abolished, so that maintenance costs can be reduced.

請求項３の発明は、外板の内側に第１の補強部材を重ね合せ、その第１の補強部材側からレーザビームを移動しながら連続的に照射し、前記外板の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、それにより生じた溶融池の底部が前記外板の外側面に到達しないように、レーザビームの出力またはビーム移動速度を制御しながら接合されてなる外板パネルであって、前記外板は、外側面に前記レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工が施されていることを特徴とする。   In the invention of claim 3, the first reinforcing member is overlapped on the inner side of the outer plate, the laser beam is continuously irradiated from the first reinforcing member side while moving, and the region to the inside of the outer plate is formed. An outer panel formed by heating and melting, and being joined while controlling the output of the laser beam or the beam moving speed so that the bottom of the molten pool generated thereby does not reach the outer surface of the outer panel, The outer plate is characterized in that the outer surface is polished substantially in parallel with the welding line direction by the laser beam.

このようにすれば、外板の外側面に、レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工を施しているので、光の散乱の具合により、外側面において溶接線がほとんど見えなくなる。つまり、外板パネル（外板）の外側面に現れる凸状の溶接痕が視覚的に目立たないようになる。   In this way, since the outer surface of the outer plate is polished substantially in parallel with the direction of the welding line by the laser beam, the welding line becomes almost invisible on the outer surface due to light scattering. That is, the convex welding mark appearing on the outer surface of the outer panel (outer plate) becomes visually inconspicuous.

このような請求項３記載の外板パネルを、請求項４に記載のように、鉄道車両の構体構造に用いることができる。すなわち、請求項４の発明は、外板の内側に第１の補強部材を重ね合せ、その第１の補強部材側からレーザビームを移動しながら連続的に照射し、前記外板の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、それにより生じた溶融池の底部が前記外板の外側面に到達しないように、レーザビームの出力またはビーム移動速度を制御しながら接合されてなる外板パネルを、側構体の外側板として用いる鉄道車両の構体構造であって、前記外板パネルの外板は、外側面に前記レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工が施され、前記溶接線方向が特定方向（車両長手方向あるいは車両高さ方向）と一致していることを特徴とする。   As described in claim 4, the outer panel according to claim 3 can be used for a structure of a railway vehicle. That is, in the invention of claim 4, the first reinforcing member is overlapped on the inner side of the outer plate, and the laser beam is continuously irradiated from the first reinforcing member side while moving to the inside of the outer plate. The outer panel panel joined by controlling the output of the laser beam or the beam moving speed so that the bottom of the molten pool formed by heating and melting the region does not reach the outer surface of the outer panel, A structure of a railway vehicle used as an outer plate of a structure, wherein the outer plate of the outer panel is ground on the outer surface substantially parallel to the welding line direction by the laser beam, and the welding line direction is specified. It corresponds to the direction (vehicle longitudinal direction or vehicle height direction).

このようにすれば、外板パネルの外板には、レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工を施しているので、光の散乱の具合により、溶接線がほとんど見えなくなる。外側面に現れる凸状の溶接痕が視覚的に目立たないようになるので、外板の見栄えが向上し、特に無塗装の鉄道車両構体に適する。   In this way, the outer plate of the outer panel is polished substantially in parallel with the direction of the weld line by the laser beam, so that the weld line becomes almost invisible due to light scattering. Since the convex welding marks appearing on the outer surface become visually inconspicuous, the appearance of the outer plate is improved, and is particularly suitable for an unpainted railway vehicle structure.

この場合、請求項５に記載のように、前記第１の補強部材は、断面ハット形状の部分を有し、その部分が、断面略コ字形状の本体部と、この本体部の開口端縁に互いに反対方向に延びるように連接され前記外板にレーザ溶接により接合されるフランジ部を有するものであり、前記本体部が車両長手方向に延びていることが望ましい。   In this case, as described in claim 5, the first reinforcing member has a hat-shaped section, and the section includes a body portion having a substantially U-shaped section and an opening edge of the body portion. It is desirable to have a flange portion that is connected so as to extend in opposite directions to each other and is joined to the outer plate by laser welding, and the main body portion preferably extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

このようにすれば、第１の補強部材と外板とで構成される断面が完全に閉断面となり、第１の補強部材の長手方向の曲げ剛性が極めて高くなるだけでなく、その方向の外板座屈強度も高くなる。また、第１の補強部材が車両長手方向に接合されているので、溶接線方向と研磨加工の方向とを無理なく一致させることができる。   In this way, the cross section formed by the first reinforcing member and the outer plate becomes a completely closed cross section, and not only the bending rigidity in the longitudinal direction of the first reinforcing member becomes extremely high, but also the outside in that direction. The plate buckling strength is also increased. Moreover, since the 1st reinforcement member is joined to the vehicle longitudinal direction, the weld line direction and the direction of grinding | polishing process can be made to correspond reasonably.

前記（請求項５の）本体部の断面略コ字形状は、底部から開口側まで間隔が一定であってもよいが、請求項６に記載のように、前記本体部の断面略コ字形状は、開口側に向かって徐々に間隔が広くなる構成とされ、前記第１の補強部材において前記外板とは反対側に、前記第１の補強部材に直交する方向に延びる断面ハット形状の第２の補強部材が設けられ、この第２の補強部材のフランジ部が前記第１の補強部材の本体部に接合されている構成とすることも可能である。ここで、第２の補強部材の形状は、特に制限されないが、適当な溶接長を得るために断面ハット形状とすることが望ましい。また、第２の補強部材の接合方法も特に制限されないが、レーザ溶接により接合する場合は溶融池の底部が前記第１の補強部材の本体部を貫通するように接合されている構成とすることも可能である。   The cross-sectional substantially U-shape of the main body portion (in claim 5) may have a constant interval from the bottom to the opening side, but the cross-section of the main body portion is substantially U-shaped as described in claim 6. Is configured such that the interval gradually increases toward the opening side, and the first reinforcing member has a cross-sectional hat shape extending in a direction orthogonal to the first reinforcing member on the side opposite to the outer plate in the first reinforcing member. Two reinforcing members may be provided, and the flange portion of the second reinforcing member may be joined to the main body portion of the first reinforcing member. Here, the shape of the second reinforcing member is not particularly limited, but is preferably a hat shape in cross section in order to obtain an appropriate weld length. Also, the joining method of the second reinforcing member is not particularly limited, but when joining by laser welding, the bottom of the molten pool is joined so as to penetrate the main body of the first reinforcing member. Is also possible.

このようにすれば、第１の補強部材の上に、前記第１の補強部材に直交する方向に延びる断面ハット形状の第２の補強部材が重ねて設けられているので、第１の補強部材に直交する方向の面外曲げ剛性が高められる。また外板に対しレーザ溶接により接合される第１の補強部材を断面ハット形状（台形状）としているので、第１の補強部材の長手方向に直交する方向の面外剪断変形に対する剛性が高められる。また、溶融池の底部が第１の補強部材の本体部を貫通するようにレーザ溶接されているので、外観に影響を与えることなく、安定的に十分な接合強度が確保される。   If it does in this way, since the 2nd reinforcement member of the cross-sectional hat shape extended in the direction orthogonal to the said 1st reinforcement member on the 1st reinforcement member is provided, the 1st reinforcement member The out-of-plane bending rigidity in the direction perpendicular to the angle is increased. Further, since the first reinforcing member joined to the outer plate by laser welding has a cross-sectional hat shape (trapezoidal shape), the rigidity against the out-of-plane shear deformation in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the first reinforcing member is enhanced. . In addition, since the bottom of the molten pool is laser welded so as to penetrate the main body of the first reinforcing member, sufficient bonding strength can be secured stably without affecting the appearance.

以上のように構成したから、本発明は、従来の抵抗スポット溶接による継手に比べて、構体剛性（軽量化）や寸法精度の向上を確保した上で、外観の向上を図ることができる。また、外板として、予めレーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工が外側面に施されているものを用いれば、後処理が不要であるので、生産性も向上する。   Since it comprised as mentioned above, this invention can aim at the improvement of an external appearance, ensuring the improvement of structure rigidity (weight reduction) and a dimensional accuracy compared with the joint by the conventional resistance spot welding. Further, if an outer plate that is previously polished on the outer surface substantially in parallel with the direction of the welding line by the laser beam is used, post-processing is unnecessary, and thus productivity is improved.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に沿って詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図２は本発明に係るレーザ溶接継手を、鉄道車両の車体構造に用いる場合の基本原理の説明図である。   FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the basic principle when the laser welded joint according to the present invention is used in a vehicle body structure of a railway vehicle.

図２（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、外板１１（予めレーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に、ベルトグラインダにより研磨加工が外側面１１ａに施されている表面研削材）の内面側への断面略ハット形状の第１の補強部材１２の接合に、溶融池の底部が外板１１の外側面１１ａに到達しないように部分溶け込みレーザ溶接が用いられる。このとき、レーザビームによる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に、外板１１の外側面１１ａに研磨加工が施されている。つまり、レーザビームによる溶接線方向と外側面１１ａについての研磨加工方向（表面研削仕上げ方向）とがほぼ同じ方向とされる。   As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), the inner surface side of the outer plate 11 (surface grinding material that has been polished on the outer surface 11a in advance by a belt grinder substantially in parallel with the direction of the welding line by the laser beam). For the joining of the first reinforcing member 12 having a substantially hat-shaped cross section, partial penetration laser welding is used so that the bottom of the molten pool does not reach the outer surface 11 a of the outer plate 11. At this time, the outer surface 11a of the outer plate 11 is polished substantially parallel to the direction of the welding line by the laser beam. That is, the direction of the welding line by the laser beam and the polishing direction (surface grinding finishing direction) for the outer surface 11a are substantially the same.

各第１の補強部材１２は、断面ハット形状で、開口側に向かって徐々に間隔が広くなる断面略コ字形状の本体部１２ａと、この本体部１２ａの開口端縁に互いに反対方向に延びるように連接され前記外板１１にレーザ溶接により接合されるフランジ部１２ｂ，１２ｃとを有する。本体部１２ａは、接合状態で外板１１とほぼ並行になる基板部１２ａａと、基板部１２ａａの両側縁より開口端縁側に向けて間隔が広がるようにフランジ部１２ｂ，１２ｃ側に延びる側板部１２ａｂ，１２ａｃとを有する。   Each of the first reinforcing members 12 has a hat-shaped cross section, and a main body portion 12a having a substantially U-shaped cross section whose interval gradually increases toward the opening side, and extends in opposite directions to the opening edge of the main body portion 12a. And flange portions 12b and 12c joined to the outer plate 11 by laser welding. The main body portion 12a includes a substrate portion 12aa that is substantially parallel to the outer plate 11 in a joined state, and a side plate portion 12ab that extends toward the flange portions 12b and 12c so that the distance from the both side edges of the substrate portion 12aa increases toward the opening edge. , 12ac.

このように、本体部１２ａは、側板部１２ａｂ，１２ａｃの間隔がフランジ部１２ｂ，１２ｃ側に向かって徐々に広くなる断面略コ字形状であるので、第１の補強部材１２は、それに直交する方向に、かつ外板面に平行に作用するせん断荷重に対して変形（ずり変形）しにくくなっている。従って、鉄道車両の構体の外板パネルとして用いる場合のように、断面変形を抑えるために第１の補強部材１２に直交する方向にも高い面外曲げ剛性が求められる場合には、第１の補強部材１２（本体部１２ａ）の上に、それに直交する方向に断面ハット形状の第２の補強部材１３を、レーザ溶接により接合することで対応可能である。なぜなら、第２の補強部材１３と外板との間に生じるずり変形が第１の補強部材により抑えられるので、外板パネルとしての面外せん断剛性を低下させることがなく、その結果どのような荷重に対しても面外曲げ剛性を高く維持できるからである。こうすることで第２の補強部材を外板と直接接合しなくても面外曲げ剛性が確保できるので、外板を美麗に保つことができる。   Thus, the main body portion 12a has a substantially U-shaped cross section in which the distance between the side plate portions 12ab and 12ac gradually increases toward the flange portions 12b and 12c, so the first reinforcing member 12 is orthogonal to the first reinforcing member 12. It is difficult to deform (shear deformation) against a shear load acting in a direction and parallel to the outer plate surface. Therefore, when high out-of-plane bending rigidity is required in the direction orthogonal to the first reinforcing member 12 in order to suppress cross-sectional deformation as in the case of using as an outer panel of a railway vehicle structure, the first This can be dealt with by joining the second reinforcing member 13 having a hat-shaped cross section on the reinforcing member 12 (main body 12a) by laser welding in a direction orthogonal thereto. Because shear deformation that occurs between the second reinforcing member 13 and the outer plate is suppressed by the first reinforcing member, the out-of-plane shear rigidity as the outer plate panel is not lowered, and as a result This is because the out-of-plane bending rigidity can be maintained high with respect to the load. In this way, since the out-of-plane bending rigidity can be secured without directly joining the second reinforcing member to the outer plate, the outer plate can be kept beautiful.

第２の補強部材１３も、図２（ｃ）に示すように、断面略コ字形状の本体部１３ａと、この本体部１３ａの開口端縁に互いに反対方向に延びるように連接され前記外板１１にレーザ溶接により接合されるフランジ部１３ｂ，１３ｃとを有する。   As shown in FIG. 2C, the second reinforcing member 13 is also connected to the main body 13a having a substantially U-shaped cross section and the opening edge of the main body 13a so as to extend in opposite directions. 11 have flange portions 13b and 13c joined by laser welding.

この第２の補強部材１３のように、部材の構成上、それの溶接線方向と外板１１の外側面の表面研磨方向（表面研削仕上げ方向）とが一致しない場合には、その部材１３は外板１１に直接接合された部材１２（本体部１２ａａ）に対しレーザ溶接により接合することで、外観（外側面）への溶接痕の露出が防止される。この場合、レーザ溶接は、溶接痕が外部から見える場所に露出しないので、外板１１と第１の補強部材１２（フランジ部１２ｂ，１２ｃ）との接合の場合とは異なり、施工時に制御の容易な完全溶け込みレーザ溶接とすることができる。このように、レーザ溶接で構造体全体を接合する場合に、部分溶け込みレーザ溶接と完全溶け込みレーザ溶接とを使い分けることで、構造体全体として、外観を損ねることなく、しかも容易に必要な接合強度が確保される。   As in the case of the second reinforcing member 13, when the weld line direction of the member does not coincide with the surface polishing direction (surface grinding finishing direction) of the outer surface of the outer plate 11, the member 13 is By joining the member 12 (main body portion 12aa) directly joined to the outer plate 11 by laser welding, exposure of welding marks to the appearance (outer surface) is prevented. In this case, since laser welding is not exposed to a place where the welding mark can be seen from the outside, unlike the case of joining the outer plate 11 and the first reinforcing member 12 (flange portions 12b, 12c), control is easy during construction. Complete penetration laser welding. In this way, when joining the entire structure by laser welding, the necessary strength of the entire structure can be easily obtained without deteriorating the appearance of the entire structure by properly using partial penetration laser welding and complete penetration laser welding. Secured.

続いて、このようなレーザ溶接継手あるいは外板パネルを、鉄道車両の構体構造に適用した例を、図３〜図１４に沿って説明する。   Subsequently, an example in which such a laser welded joint or an outer panel is applied to a structure of a railway vehicle will be described with reference to FIGS.

外板２１（厚さ１．５ｍｍ）は、腰板部分２１Ａ、吹き寄せ・窓周り部分２１Ｂおよび幕板部分２１Ｃという３つの部分に分けられ、それらの端縁部が重ね合わされて部分溶け込みレーザ溶接により一体に接合されている。   The outer plate 21 (thickness: 1.5 mm) is divided into three parts, a waist plate part 21A, a blowing / window surrounding part 21B, and a curtain plate part 21C, and their edge portions are overlapped and integrated by partial penetration laser welding. It is joined to.

この外板２１の各部分２１Ａ〜２１Ｃは、外側面に予め研磨加工が施されているもので、その研磨加工の方向が車両長手方向（レール方向）に一致しており、前記レーザビームよる溶接線方向も車両長手方向に平行になっている。なお、２２は窓開口部、２３はドア開口部である。   Each of the portions 21A to 21C of the outer plate 21 is subjected to polishing processing on the outer surface in advance, and the direction of the polishing processing coincides with the vehicle longitudinal direction (rail direction), and welding by the laser beam is performed. The linear direction is also parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. In addition, 22 is a window opening part and 23 is a door opening part.

外板２１の各部分２１Ａ，２１Ｂ，２１Ｃの内側には、断面ハット形状の内板パネル（厚さ１ｍｍ）２５〜２９が、車両長手方向に沿って平行に部分溶け込みレーザー溶接により接合されている。つまり、内板パネル２５〜２９が車両長手方向に延び、その車両長手方向に前記レーザ溶接の溶接線方向が一致している。   Inside the respective portions 21A, 21B, and 21C of the outer plate 21, inner plate panels (thickness 1 mm) 25 to 29 having a hat-shaped cross section are joined in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle by partial penetration laser welding. . That is, the inner plate panels 25 to 29 extend in the vehicle longitudinal direction, and the welding line direction of the laser welding coincides with the vehicle longitudinal direction.

外板２１の腰板部分２１Ａの内側には、断面ハット形状の内板パネル２５が４つ、車両長手方向に沿って平行に設けられている。吹き寄せ・窓周り部分２１Ｂ（外板）の内側には、窓開口部２２の前後において、下側から２つの凸部を有する内板パネル２６、４つの断面ハット形状の内板パネル２７、２つの凸部を有する内板パネル２８が順に設けられている。外板２１の幕板部分２１Ｃの内側には２つの内板パネル２９が上下に平行に配置されている。   Inside the waist plate portion 21A of the outer plate 21, four inner plate panels 25 having a hat-shaped cross section are provided in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. On the inner side of the blowing / window surrounding portion 21B (outer plate), an inner plate panel 26 having two convex portions from the lower side before and after the window opening 22, four inner plate panels 27 having a cross-sectional hat shape, two An inner plate panel 28 having convex portions is provided in order. Inside the curtain plate portion 21C of the outer plate 21, two inner plate panels 29 are arranged vertically in parallel.

内板パネル２５〜２９の車内側であって窓開口部２２の前後に、構造の簡略化を図るために、内板パネル２５〜２９に直交する方向に延びる断面ハット形状の戸尻柱３１が内板パネル２５〜２９に重ねて設けられている。戸尻柱３１のフランジ部が内板パネル２５〜２９の本体部に、溶融池の底部が内板パネル２５〜２９を貫通する完全溶け込みレーザ溶接により接合されている。これにより側開口周りの高剛性化が図られている。戸尻柱３１は、前述した第２の補強部材に対応するもので、図１１に示すように、断面コ字形状の本体部３１ａと、この本体部３１ａに互いに反対方向に延びるように連接され内板パネル２５〜２９にレーザ溶接により接合されるフランジ部３１ｂ，３１ｃとを有する。   In order to simplify the structure on the inner side of the inner panel 25 to 29 and before and after the window opening 22, there is a door bottom pillar 31 having a hat-shaped cross section extending in a direction orthogonal to the inner panel 25 to 29. It is provided so as to overlap the inner plate panels 25-29. The flange portion of the Tojiri column 31 is joined to the main body portions of the inner plate panels 25 to 29 by the complete penetration laser welding in which the bottom portion of the molten pool penetrates the inner plate panels 25 to 29. As a result, high rigidity around the side opening is achieved. The door bottom pillar 31 corresponds to the above-mentioned second reinforcing member, and as shown in FIG. 11, is connected to a main body 31a having a U-shaped cross section and to the main body 31a so as to extend in opposite directions. Flange portions 31b and 31c joined to the inner plate panels 25 to 29 by laser welding.

また、窓開口部２２の下部において断面ハット形状の窓柱３２が設けられている。この窓柱３２も、断面コ字形状の本体部３２ａと、この本体部３２ａに互いに反対方向に延びるように連接されるフランジ部３２ｂ，３２ｃとを有し、フランジ部３２Ｂ，３２Ｃが内板パネル２５等の本体部に、溶融池の底部が内板パネル２５等を貫通する完全溶け込みレーザ溶接により接合されている。   A window pillar 32 having a hat-shaped cross section is provided below the window opening 22. The window column 32 also has a body portion 32a having a U-shaped cross section and flange portions 32b and 32c connected to the body portion 32a so as to extend in opposite directions to each other. The flange portions 32B and 32C are the inner panel. The bottom of the molten pool is joined to a main body portion such as 25 by complete penetration laser welding that penetrates the inner plate panel 25 and the like.

内板パネル２５〜２９は、それぞれ、前述した第１の補強部材１２に対応するもので、断面ハット形状で、内板パネル２５は、図８に示すように、開口側に向かって徐々に間隔が広くなる断面コ字形状の本体部２５ａと、この本体部２５ａに互いに反対方向に延びるように連接され前記外板２１Ａにレーザ溶接により接合されるフランジ部２５ｂ，２５ｃとを有する。   Each of the inner plate panels 25 to 29 corresponds to the first reinforcing member 12 described above, has a hat shape in cross section, and the inner plate panel 25 is gradually spaced toward the opening side as shown in FIG. And a flange portion 25b, 25c connected to the outer plate 21A by laser welding and connected to the main body portion 25a so as to extend in opposite directions.

窓開口部２２の下側には腰帯３３が、上側には幕帯３４がそれぞれレーザ溶接により接合されている。なお、２４Ａは窓枠、２４Ｂはドア枠である。   A waistband 33 is joined to the lower side of the window opening 22 and a curtain zone 34 is joined to the upper side by laser welding. In addition, 24A is a window frame and 24B is a door frame.

窓開口部２２の四隅には、それぞれ継手３７が設けられ、下側の継手に対して戸尻柱３１を挟んで別の継手３６が設けられている。   A joint 37 is provided at each of the four corners of the window opening 22, and another joint 36 is provided with the door bottom column 31 interposed between the lower joint and the lower joint.

これら内板パネル２５〜２９の外板２１に対する接合は、外板２１の内側に対し内板パネル２５〜２９を重ね合せ、内板パネル２５〜２９側からレーザビームを移動しながら連続的に照射し、外板２１の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、それにより生じた溶融池の底部が外板２１の外側面に到達しないように、レーザビームの出力またはビーム移動速度を制御しながら接合される（部分溶け込みレーザ溶接）。このように、外板２１と内板パネル２５〜２９との継手形式（部分溶け込みレーザ溶接継手）が統一され、溶接施工の安定化が図れる。また、外板２１の面外変形は、剛性の高い骨材（内板パネル２５〜２９、戸尻柱３１，窓柱３２など）によって支持されるので、断面寸法精度が向上する。   The inner plate panels 25 to 29 are joined to the outer plate 21 by overlapping the inner plate panels 25 to 29 on the inner side of the outer plate 21 and continuously irradiating the laser beam from the inner plate panels 25 to 29 side. Then, the region up to the inside of the outer plate 21 is heated and melted, and bonding is performed while controlling the output of the laser beam or the beam moving speed so that the bottom of the molten pool generated thereby does not reach the outer surface of the outer plate 21. (Partial penetration laser welding). Thus, the joint type (partial penetration laser welding joint) of the outer plate 21 and the inner plate panels 25 to 29 is unified, and the welding operation can be stabilized. Moreover, since the out-of-plane deformation of the outer plate 21 is supported by a highly rigid aggregate (the inner plate panels 25 to 29, the door bottom column 31, the window column 32, etc.), the sectional dimension accuracy is improved.

外板２１（２１Ａ〜２１Ｃ）は、いずれも、外側面に前記レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行な車両長手方向に、研磨加工（表面処理）が施されている板状部材である。この研磨加工としては、ベルトグラインダーによるＢＧ（ベルトグラインド）仕上げが望ましい。国内在来線車両の外板としてよく用いられている、例えばＳＵＳ３０４ ＃８０ＢＧ材を使用して、試作したところ、内板パネル（厚さ１ｍｍ）と外板（厚さ１．５ｍｍ）とを、レーザ出力が２．５ｋＷでもって、上板側からレーザ溶接する場合、上下板接合部の幅と単位溶接長当たりの引張せん断強度との関係は、図１５に示すようになることが確認されている。よって、接合幅ｗが０．７ｍｍ程度になるように溶接速度を制御すれば、必要な接合強度（剪断引張強度５ｋＮ／ｃｍ程度）が確保されることがわかる。なお、上板の板厚は下板の板厚よりも薄くなければ、溶接の焼けが出てしまうので、各種実験から下板の板厚は上板の板厚の１．５倍以上は必要であると考えられる（例えば、上板１ｍｍ、下板１．５ｍｍや上板１ｍｍ、下板２ｍｍ）。   Each of the outer plates 21 (21A to 21C) is a plate-like member whose outer surface is subjected to polishing (surface treatment) in the vehicle longitudinal direction substantially parallel to the welding line direction by the laser beam. As this polishing process, BG (belt grind) finishing by a belt grinder is desirable. For example, using SUS304 # 80BG material, which is often used as the outer plate of domestic conventional line vehicles, an inner plate panel (thickness 1 mm) and an outer plate (thickness 1.5 mm) When the laser output is 2.5 kW and laser welding is performed from the upper plate side, it is confirmed that the relationship between the width of the upper and lower plate joints and the tensile shear strength per unit weld length is as shown in FIG. Yes. Therefore, it can be seen that if the welding speed is controlled so that the joint width w is about 0.7 mm, the necessary joint strength (shear tensile strength of about 5 kN / cm) is ensured. In addition, if the thickness of the upper plate is not thinner than the thickness of the lower plate, welding burnout will occur, so the thickness of the lower plate must be 1.5 times the thickness of the upper plate or more from various experiments. (For example, upper plate 1 mm, lower plate 1.5 mm, upper plate 1 mm, lower plate 2 mm).

前述したほか、鉄道車両の側構体の製作は、図１６に示すように、断面ハット形状の内板パネルに代えて、凹凸形状が繰り返される内板パネル（断面ハット形状の内板パネルを連接したもの）を用いて行うこともできる。   In addition to the above, as shown in FIG. 16, the side structure of the railway vehicle is manufactured by replacing the inner plate panel having a cross-sectional hat shape with an inner plate panel having a concave and convex shape repeated (an inner plate panel having a cross-sectional hat shape is connected). Can also be used.

この場合には、まず、幕板部分、吹き寄せ・窓周り部分および腰板部分に対応する外板４１Ａ，４１Ｂ，４１Ｃの内側に、それぞれ、前記外板に対応する所定の大きさの内板パネル４２Ａ，４２Ｂ，４２Ｃを部分溶け込みレーザ溶接により車両長手方向に沿って接合し、幕板部用外板パネル４３Ａ、吹き寄せ・窓周り部用外板パネル４３Ｂおよび腰板部用外板パネル４３Ｃを製作する。この場合、内板パネル４２Ａ〜４２Ｃのうち凹部の部分（外板４１Ａ〜４１Ｃの内側面に接触している部分）が車両長手方向に沿って延びており、この部分が部分溶け込みレーザ溶接により外板４１Ａ〜４１Ｃに接合される。   In this case, first, an inner plate panel 42A having a predetermined size corresponding to the outer plate is provided inside the outer plates 41A, 41B, 41C corresponding to the curtain plate portion, the blowing / window surrounding portion, and the waist plate portion. , 42B, 42C are joined along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle by partial penetration laser welding to produce a curtain plate portion outer plate panel 43A, a blowing / window surrounding portion outer plate panel 43B, and a waist plate portion outer plate panel 43C. In this case, of the inner plate panels 42A to 42C, the recessed portion (the portion in contact with the inner surface of the outer plates 41A to 41C) extends along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and this portion is externally welded by partial penetration laser welding. It joins to board 41A-41C.

それから、幕板部、吹き寄せ・窓周り部および腰板部用外板パネル４３Ａ〜４３Ｃを、所定の位置関係で、部分溶け込みレーザ溶接により車両長手方向に沿って接合して、構造体４９’とする。   Then, the curtain plate part, the blowing / window surrounding part, and the outer panel panels 43A to 43C for the waist plate part are joined along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle by partial penetration laser welding in a predetermined positional relationship to obtain a structure 49 ′. .

その後、窓開口部の上下に、幕帯４４Ａ，４４Ｂ，腰帯４５を、部分溶け込みレーザ溶接により車両長手方向に沿って接合し、構造体４９”とする。さらに、車両長手方向の直交する方向の戸尻柱４６、窓柱４７、ドア枠４８を接合することにより必要な剛性を確保して、側構体４９とする。   Thereafter, the curtain bands 44A, 44B and the waistband 45 are joined along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle by partial penetration laser welding above and below the window opening to form a structure 49 ″. Further, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Necessary rigidity is secured by joining the door bottom pillar 46, the window pillar 47, and the door frame 48 to obtain a side structure 49.

（ａ）〜（ｄ）はそれぞれ本発明に係るレーザ溶接継手の原理の説明図である。(A)-(d) is explanatory drawing of the principle of the laser welded joint which concerns on this invention, respectively. （ａ）〜（ｃ）はそれぞれ本発明に係る外板パネルの説明図である。(A)-(c) is explanatory drawing of the outer panel which concerns on this invention, respectively. 本発明に係る鉄道車両の側構体を、車外側から見た状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state which looked at the side structure of the railway vehicle which concerns on this invention from the vehicle outer side. 同鉄道車両の側構体を、車内側から見た状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state which looked at the side structure of the railway vehicle from the vehicle inner side. 図４のＡ−Ａ線における断面図である。It is sectional drawing in the AA of FIG. 図４のＢ−Ｂ線における断面図である。It is sectional drawing in the BB line of FIG. 図４のＣ−Ｃ線における断面図である。It is sectional drawing in the CC line of FIG. 図４のＤ−Ｄ線における断面図である。It is sectional drawing in the DD line | wire of FIG. 図４のＥ−Ｅ線における断面図である。It is sectional drawing in the EE line | wire of FIG. 図４のＦ−Ｆ線における断面図である。It is sectional drawing in the FF line of FIG. 図５のＧ部の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the G section of FIG. 図７のＨ部の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the H section of FIG. 図７のＪ部の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the J section of FIG. 図７のＫ部の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the K section of FIG. 上下板接合部の幅と単位溶接長当たりの引張せん断強度との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the width | variety of an up-and-down board junction part, and the tensile shear strength per unit weld length. 本発明に係る鉄道車両の側構体を組み立てる手順の一例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the procedure which assembles the side structure of the railway vehicle which concerns on this invention. （ａ）（ｂ）はそれぞれ溶接線が見えなくなる原理の説明図である。(A) and (b) are explanatory views of the principle that the weld line becomes invisible.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

Ｓ１ 外側面
Ｌ 角折れ線
１，２ 板状部材
１１ 外板
１１ａ 外側面
１２ 第１の補強部材
１２ａ 本体部
１２ｂ，１２ｃ フランジ部
１３ 第２の補強部材
２１ 外板
２５〜２９ 内板パネル Reference Signs List S1 outer side surface L broken line 1, 2, plate member 11 outer plate 11a outer side surface 12 first reinforcing member 12a body portion 12b, 12c flange portion 13 second reinforcing member 21 outer plate 25-29 inner plate panel

Claims (6)

複数の板状部材を重ね合せ、その面外方向からレーザビームを移動しながら連続的に照射し、レーザビームを照射した板状部材の反対側に位置する板状部材の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、それにより生じた溶融池の底部が前記反対側の板状部材の外側面に到達しないように、レーザビームの出力またはビーム移動速度を制御しながら前記複数の板状部材を接合するレーザ溶接方法であって、
前記反対側の板状部材の外側面に、予め前記レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工が施されているものを用いることを特徴とするレーザ溶接方法。 A plurality of plate-like members are stacked and continuously irradiated while moving the laser beam from the out-of-plane direction, and the region to the inside of the plate-like member located on the opposite side of the plate-like member irradiated with the laser beam is heated. The plurality of plate-like members are joined while controlling the output of the laser beam or the beam moving speed so that the bottom of the molten pool caused by melting does not reach the outer surface of the opposite plate-like member. A laser welding method comprising:
A laser welding method characterized in that an outer surface of the opposite plate-like member is polished in advance substantially in parallel with the laser beam welding line direction. 複数の板状部材を重ね合せ、その面外方向からレーザビームを移動しながら連続的に照射し、レーザビームを照射した板状部材の反対側の板状部材の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、それにより生じた溶融池の底部が前記反対側の板状部材の外側面に到達しないように、レーザビームの出力またはビーム移動速度を制御しながら前記複数の板状部材が接合されてなるレーザ溶接継手であって、
前記反対側の板状部材の外側面に、前記レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工が施されていることを特徴とするレーザ溶接継手。 A plurality of plate-like members are overlapped and continuously irradiated while moving the laser beam from the out-of-plane direction, and the region to the inside of the plate-like member opposite to the plate member irradiated with the laser beam is heated and melted. The plurality of plate members are joined while controlling the output of the laser beam or the beam moving speed so that the bottom of the molten pool generated thereby does not reach the outer surface of the opposite plate member. A laser welded joint,
A laser weld joint, wherein an outer surface of the opposite plate-like member is polished substantially in parallel with a welding line direction by the laser beam. 外板の内側に第１の補強部材を重ね合せ、その第１の補強部材側からレーザビームを移動しながら連続的に照射し、前記外板の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、それにより生じた溶融池の底部が前記外板の外側面に到達しないように、レーザビームの出力またはビーム移動速度を制御しながら接合されてなる外板パネルであって、
前記外板は、外側面に前記レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工が施されていることを特徴とする外板パネル。 The first reinforcing member is overlapped on the inner side of the outer plate, continuously irradiated while moving the laser beam from the first reinforcing member side, and the region to the inside of the outer plate is heated and melted, thereby An outer panel formed by bonding while controlling the output of the laser beam or the beam moving speed so that the bottom of the generated molten pool does not reach the outer surface of the outer plate,
The outer panel is characterized in that the outer panel is polished on the outer surface substantially parallel to the welding line direction by the laser beam. 外板の内側に第１の補強部材を重ね合せ、その第１の補強部材側からレーザビームを移動しながら連続的に照射し、前記外板の内部までの領域を加熱溶融して、それにより生じた溶融池の底部が前記外板の外側面に到達しないように、レーザビームの出力またはビーム移動速度を制御しながら接合されてなる外板パネルを、側構体の外側板として用いる鉄道車両の構体構造であって、
前記外板パネルの外板は、外側面に前記レーザビームよる溶接線方向とほぼ平行に研磨加工が施され、前記溶接線方向が特定方向と一致していることを特徴とする鉄道車両の構体構造。 The first reinforcing member is overlapped on the inner side of the outer plate, continuously irradiated while moving the laser beam from the first reinforcing member side, and the region to the inside of the outer plate is heated and melted, thereby In a railway vehicle using an outer panel that is joined while controlling the output of the laser beam or the beam moving speed so that the bottom of the generated molten pool does not reach the outer surface of the outer panel as the outer plate of the side structure. A structure structure,
The outer panel of the outer panel is ground on the outer surface substantially parallel to the weld line direction by the laser beam, and the weld line direction coincides with a specific direction. Construction. 前記第１の補強部材は、断面ハット形状の部分を有し、
その部分が、断面略コ字形状の本体部と、この本体部の開口端縁に互いに反対方向に延びるように連接され前記外板にレーザ溶接により接合されるフランジ部を有するものであり、前記本体部が車両長手方向に延びている請求項４記載の鉄道車両の構体構造。 The first reinforcing member has a hat-shaped section in cross section,
The portion has a substantially U-shaped cross section, and a flange portion connected to the opening edge of the main body portion so as to extend in opposite directions and joined to the outer plate by laser welding, The structure of a railway vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the main body extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. 前記本体部の断面略コ字形状は、開口側に向かって徐々に間隔が広くなる構成とされ、
前記第１の補強部材において前記外板とは反対側に、前記第１の補強部材に直交する方向に延びる断面ハット形状の第２の補強部材が設けられ、
この第２の補強部材のフランジ部が前記第１の補強部材の本体部に接合されている請求項５記載の鉄道車両の構体構造。 The substantially U-shaped cross section of the main body is configured such that the interval gradually increases toward the opening side,
A second reinforcing member having a cross-sectional hat shape extending in a direction orthogonal to the first reinforcing member is provided on the side opposite to the outer plate in the first reinforcing member;
The structure of a railway vehicle according to claim 5, wherein a flange portion of the second reinforcing member is joined to a main body portion of the first reinforcing member.
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BR122012001404A BR122012001404B1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 laser welded joint, outer shell panel and undercarriage frame
EP10013937.7A EP2286954B1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 Body structure for rolling stock
EP05730654A EP1752250B1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 Laser welding method, laser welded joint, outer panel, and structure for rolling stock
PCT/JP2005/007076 WO2005110663A1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 Laser welding method, laser welded joint, outer panel, and structure for rolling stock
AU2005243819A AU2005243819B2 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 Laser welding method, laser welded joint, outer panel, and structure for rolling stock
KR1020087006977A KR100850099B1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 Structure for rolling stock
BRPI0510868-3B1A BRPI0510868B1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 laser welding method
CNB2005800158090A CN100556606C (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 Method for laser welding, laser weld joint, outer plate panel and rolling stock body structure
KR1020067026538A KR100850100B1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 Laser welding method, laser welded joint, outer panel, and structure for rolling stock
CN2008101697648A CN101428622B (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 Structure for rolling stock
EP12006438.1A EP2537626B1 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 Body structure for rolling stock
US11/596,834 US8124908B2 (en) 2004-05-18 2005-04-12 Laser welding method, laser-welded joint, outside sheathing panel, and body structure for rolling stock
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JPN3013001252; 鶴通孝: '日産１両　Ｅ２３１系電車量産のための最新工場　新津車両製作所' 鉄道ジャーナル ＮＯ．　４３４, 20021201, ＰＡＧＥＳ　３４-５１, （株）鉄道ジャーナル社
JPN3013001253; 内田博行　他: '軽量ステンレス車両の構造と最近のトレンド' 鉄道ジャーナル ９月号，　ＶＯＬ．　３４，　ＮＯ．　４０７, 20000901, ＰＡＧＥＳ　３８-４５, （株）鉄道ジャーナル社
JPN3013001254; 鉄道ジャーナル　（抜粋） ＮＯ．　２０６，　ＶＯＬ．　１８，　ＮＯ．　４, 19840401, （株）鉄道ジャーナル社
JPN3013001255; 杉本聖一: 'なぜステンレスの電車が増えた？　軽量構造の確率とコストの削減により普及' おとなの鉄道図鑑 , 20121231, ＰＡＧＥＳ　２６-２７, （株）学研パブリッシング
JPN3013001256; 鉄道ピクトリアル　（抜粋） ４月号，　ＶＯＬ．　４０，　ＮＯ．　４, 19900401, ＰＡＧＥＳ　１０-４５, ＴＥＴＳＵＤＯＴＯＳＨＯ　ＫＡＮＫＯＫＡＩ
JPN3013001257; '溶接用語--第２部：溶接方法' 日本工業規格　ＪＩＳ　Ｚ　３００１-２ , 2008, ＰＡＧＥＳ　７-３８
JPN3013001258; 荒谷雄: 'レーザ加工機設備導入前に知っておきたい予備知識' 溶接技術 ２００３年１２月号, 200312, ＰＡＧＥＳ　１３９-１４７
JPN3013001259; 宮本昌幸　編著: 図解・電車のメカニズム　通勤電車を徹底解剖 第３刷，　ブルーバックス　Ｂ-１６６０, 20100928, ＰＡＧＥＳ　７８-１００, （株）講談社
JPN3013001260; '横浜新都市交通シーサイドライン　２０００型車輌' 環境活動レポート　２０１０年度 , 20111220, ＰＡＧＥＳ　３５, 東急車輛製造（株）
JPN3013001261; 鉄道車両本部: '名古屋市交通局殿向け　Ｎ３０００形通勤電車完成' 日車トピックス , 201207, 日本車両
JPN3013001262; '西鉄電車について　車輌のご紹介　３０００形' 電車情報：にしてつグループホームページ , 20130215, 西日本鉄道（株）
JPN3013001263; ２２３系１０００代近郊形直流電車 業務用, 199507, ＰＡＧＥＳ　４１-４２, 西日本旅客鉄道（株）
JPN3013001264; ２２３系１０００代　側外板割付　ＪＡ１５６６３ , 19950414, 川崎重工
JPN3013001265; ２２３系１０００代　側外板スポット割付　ＪＡ１５７８４ , 19950516, 川崎重工
JPN3013001266; ２２３系２０００代２５００代近郊型直流電車 業務用, 199903, ＰＡＧＥＳ　６０-６３, 西日本旅客鉄道（株）
JPN3013001267; 隅川: 出張報告 , 20040422
JPN3013001268; ＴＯＭＯＮＯＲＩ　ＳＵＭＩＫＡＷＡ: （株）ニツポーおよび請求人間でのメール , 20040507
JPN3013001269; 隅川: （株）ニッポーおよび請求人間でのファックス , 20040421
JPN3013001270; 松岡成康: 陳述書 , 20130902
JPN3013001271; 岡田徹: 陳述書 , 20130830
JPN3013001272; 隅川: 重ねレーザー溶接部観察結果 , 20031020
JPN3013001273; 隅川倫成: （株）ニツポーおよび請求人間でのメール , 20040415
JPN3013001274; 隅川: レーザー溶接　溶接サンプル製造 , 20040415
JPN3013001275; 隅川: 送付品一覧 , 20040415
JPN3013001276; 図面
JPN3013001277; 図面
JPN3013001278; 隅川: （株）ニッポーおよび請求人間でのファックス , 20040421
JPN3013001279; 隅川: ＡＣトレイン見学 , 20030616
JPN3013001280; Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ　Ｃｏｍｍｕｔｅｒ　Ｔｒａｉｎ　Ｅ９９３　Ｓｅｒｉｅｓ　Ｐｒｏｔｏｔｙｐｅ　Ｔｒａｉｎ　ＡＣトレイン・Ｅ９９３系試験電車 , ＪＲ東日本
JPN3013001281; 菊地隆寛: '特集　ＪＲ東日本の通勤電車開発史' 鉄道ファン　（抜粋） ＶＯＬ．　４２，　ＮＯ．　４９３, 20020501
JPN3013001282; '平成１４年２月から走行試験を開始！　Ｅ９９３系「ＡＣトレイン」' 鉄道ファン ＶＯＬ．　４２，　ＮＯ．　４９２, 20020401, ＰＡＧＥＳ　７４-７５, （株）交友社
JPN3013001283; 菊地隆寛: 'Ｅ９９３系　ＡＣトレイン' 鉄道ジャーナル ５月号，　通巻　ＮＯ．　４２７, 20020501, ＰＡＧＥＳ　７０-７５, （株）鉄道ジャーナル社
JPN3013001284; 及川昌志　他: 'レーザ溶接によるステンレス鋼製ハニカムパネルの製造技術の開発' 新日鉄技報 ＮＯ．　３７９, 2003, ＰＡＧＥＳ　８４-８８
JPN3013001285; 技術研究開発部: 'レーザ溶接による車体の組み立て' 「日本車輛技術研究開発部」のウェブページ , 20130612, 日本車両
JPN3013001286; 片山聖二: '１-４　レーザ溶接' 溶接学会誌 ＶＯＬ．　７８，　ＮＯ．　２, 2009, ＰＡＧＥＳ　１２４-１３８

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