JP2005317455A - Battery pack - Google Patents

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JP2005317455A
JP2005317455A JP2004136451A JP2004136451A JP2005317455A JP 2005317455 A JP2005317455 A JP 2005317455A JP 2004136451 A JP2004136451 A JP 2004136451A JP 2004136451 A JP2004136451 A JP 2004136451A JP 2005317455 A JP2005317455 A JP 2005317455A
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heat insulating
battery
batteries
insulating spacer
battery pack
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JP4641737B2 (en
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Shoichi Toya
正一 遠矢
Hideyo Morita
秀世 森田
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce deterioration of a battery caused by temperature differences by reducing the temperature differences between the temperature of the battery at the edge part and that of the battery at the center part while realizing compact sizing as a whole, and to prolong the life of the battery. <P>SOLUTION: The battery pack has a plurality of batteries 1 arranged in a width direction in parallel on the same plane. Heat insulation spacers 2 are arranged between the adjacent batteries 1. The heat insulation spacers 2 are arranged so that heat insulation characteristics of the heat insulation spacers 2 arranged between the batteries 1 at the center part is made larger in comparison with that of the heat insulation spacers 2 arranged between the batteries 1 at the edge parts. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、複数の二次電池を同一平面で横並びに連結しているパック電池に関し、とくに両端部分の電池と中央部分の電池との温度差を少なくできるパック電池に関する。   The present invention relates to a battery pack in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected side by side on the same plane, and more particularly to a battery pack capable of reducing a temperature difference between a battery at both ends and a battery at a central portion.

図１に示すように、複数の二次電池１を平行な姿勢で横並びに連結しているパック電池は、中央部分の電池の温度が端部の電池温度よりも高くなる。この図において、上側に表示しているグラフの横軸は、下側に図示しているパック電池の横並びに配置された各二次電池の位置に対応しており、横並びに連結された各二次電池に対する電池温度をグラフに示している。この図からもわかるように、中央部分の電池温度が最も高くなる傾向がある。パック電池は、各々の電池に温度差ができる状態で充放電を繰り返すと種々の弊害が発生する。たとえば、電池は、温度によって充放電される効率が異なるので、全ての電池を直列に接続して同じ電流で充放電させても、電池によって残容量に差ができる。残容量に差のあるパック電池を満充電すると、残容量が大きい電池が過充電される。反対にパック電池を完全に放電させるときには、残容量の小さい電池が過放電される。電池は、過充電や過放電されると性能が低下して寿命が著しく短くなる。また、温度差によって電池が劣化する傾向も異なり、電池温度が高い状態で充放電される電池は劣化しやすくなる。このため、中央部に配置される電池は端部の電池よりも早く劣化してしまう。パック電池は、複数の二次電池を直列に接続しているので、いずれかの二次電池が劣化すると、劣化した電池は過充電され、また過放電されやすく、加速度的に劣化が進行してパック電池の寿命を短くする。   As shown in FIG. 1, in a battery pack in which a plurality of secondary batteries 1 are connected side by side in a parallel posture, the temperature of the battery at the center portion is higher than the battery temperature at the end. In this figure, the horizontal axis of the graph displayed on the upper side corresponds to the side of the battery pack illustrated on the lower side and the position of each secondary battery arranged, and each of the two batteries connected side by side. The battery temperature for the secondary battery is shown in the graph. As can be seen from this figure, the battery temperature in the central portion tends to be highest. When the battery pack is repeatedly charged and discharged in a state where there is a temperature difference between the batteries, various problems occur. For example, since the efficiency of charging / discharging the battery varies depending on the temperature, even if all the batteries are connected in series and charged / discharged with the same current, the remaining capacity varies depending on the battery. When the battery packs having different remaining capacities are fully charged, the batteries having a large remaining capacity are overcharged. Conversely, when the battery pack is completely discharged, the battery with a small remaining capacity is overdischarged. When the battery is overcharged or overdischarged, its performance is lowered and its life is remarkably shortened. Also, the tendency of the battery to deteriorate due to the temperature difference is different, and the battery charged and discharged at a high battery temperature is likely to deteriorate. For this reason, the battery arrange | positioned in a center part will deteriorate earlier than the battery of an edge part. Since a battery pack has a plurality of secondary batteries connected in series, if any secondary battery deteriorates, the deteriorated battery is overcharged and easily overdischarged, and the deterioration progresses at an accelerated rate. Reduce the battery life.

このような弊害を避けるために、多数の二次電池を接続しているパック電池は、各々の電池温度をいかに均一にして温度差を小さくできるかが大切である。このことを実現するために、中央部と端部とで冷却状態を変更する集合電池が開発されている（特許文献１参照）。
特開２００３−３３１９３２号公報 In order to avoid such an adverse effect, it is important for a battery pack connected with a large number of secondary batteries to make the temperature of each battery uniform and reduce the temperature difference. In order to realize this, an assembled battery in which a cooling state is changed between a central portion and an end portion has been developed (see Patent Document 1).
JP 2003-331932 A

この公報に記載される集合電池は、複数の電池モジュールを平行に横並びに配置して、隣接する電池モジュールの間に冷媒通路を設けている。冷媒通路は端部から中央部にしたがって大きくしている。中央部に設けている大きい冷媒通路は、冷却能力が大きく、中央部分の電池モジュールを効率よく冷却して温度を低くする。端部の冷媒通路は冷却能力が小さいので、電池モジュールの温度は高くなる。したがって、この構造によると、端部の電池モジュールに比較して温度が高くなる中央部分の電池モジュールを効率よく冷却して温度差を小さくできる。   In the battery assembly described in this publication, a plurality of battery modules are arranged side by side in parallel, and a refrigerant passage is provided between adjacent battery modules. The refrigerant passage is enlarged from the end to the center. The large refrigerant passage provided in the central portion has a large cooling capacity and efficiently cools the battery module in the central portion to lower the temperature. Since the cooling capacity of the refrigerant passage at the end is small, the temperature of the battery module becomes high. Therefore, according to this structure, the temperature difference can be reduced by efficiently cooling the battery module at the central portion where the temperature is higher than that of the battery module at the end.

ただ、この構造は、電池モジュールの間に冷媒通路を設けて、ここに冷媒を強制的に通過させるので、冷媒通路を冷媒が漏れない閉鎖構造とする必要があり、また、各々の冷媒通路を冷媒が通過するように連結する必要もあって、構造にが極めて複雑になる。また冷媒通路には空気等の冷媒を強制的に送風する必要があるので、送風器等の余分な装置を設けて、これに連結する必要もある。さらにまた、電池モジュールの間に冷媒通路となる空隙を設けるので全体の外形が大きくなる欠点もある。したがって、この構造は、電池モジュールの発熱量が極めて大きい、ハイブリッドカー等の集合電池に特定して使用されるもので、二次電池を横並べにしている小容量のパック電池には到底に採用できない。   However, in this structure, a refrigerant passage is provided between the battery modules, and the refrigerant is forced to pass therethrough. Therefore, it is necessary to make the refrigerant passage a closed structure in which the refrigerant does not leak. Since it is necessary to connect the refrigerant so that it passes, the structure becomes extremely complicated. Further, since it is necessary to forcibly blow a refrigerant such as air in the refrigerant passage, it is necessary to provide an extra device such as a blower and connect it to this. Furthermore, since the space | gap used as a refrigerant path is provided between battery modules, there also exists a fault that the whole external shape becomes large. Therefore, this structure is used specifically for battery packs such as hybrid cars that generate extremely large amounts of heat from the battery module, and is very suitable for small-capacity battery packs with secondary batteries arranged side by side. Can not.

本発明は、極めて簡単な構造で、複数の二次電池を横並びに連結しているパック電池の温度差を少なくすることをすることを目的に開発されたものである。本発明の重要な目的は、全体をコンパクトにしながら、端部と中央部分の電池の温度差を小さくして、温度差による電池の劣化を少なくして、全体として寿命を長くできるパック電池を提供することにある。   The present invention has been developed for the purpose of reducing the temperature difference between battery packs in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected side by side with a very simple structure. An important object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack that can extend the life as a whole by reducing the temperature difference between the battery at the end and the central portion, reducing the deterioration of the battery due to the temperature difference, while making the whole compact. There is to do.

本発明のパック電池は、前述の目的を達成するために以下の構成を備える。
パック電池は、複数の電池１を平行な姿勢で同一平面に横並びに配置している。隣接する電池１の間には断熱スペーサ２を配置している。断熱スペーサ２は、端部の電池１間に配置する断熱スペーサ２に比較して、中央部の電池１間に配置する断熱スペーサ２の断熱特性を大きくしている。断熱性は、一方の面から他方の面への熱伝導を遮断する特性であって、断熱性の大きい断熱スペーサ２は、断熱性の小さい断熱スペーサ２に比較して、単位面積において同一の温度差で一方の面から他方の面に伝導する熱量が少なくなる。 The battery pack of the present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the aforementioned object.
In the battery pack, a plurality of batteries 1 are arranged side by side in the same plane in a parallel posture. A heat insulating spacer 2 is disposed between adjacent batteries 1. The heat insulating spacer 2 is larger in heat insulating properties of the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the batteries 1 at the center than the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the batteries 1 at the end. The heat insulating property is a characteristic that blocks heat conduction from one surface to the other surface, and the heat insulating spacer 2 having a large heat insulating property has the same temperature in a unit area as compared with the heat insulating spacer 2 having a small heat insulating property. The difference reduces the amount of heat conducted from one surface to the other.

本発明の請求項２のパック電池は、断熱スペーサ２を成形する材料の熱伝導率を変更して断熱スペーサ２の断熱性を変更する。端部の電池１間の断熱スペーサ２に比較して、中央部分の電池１間の断熱スペーサ２の断熱性を大きくするために、端部の断熱スペーサ２に比較して、中央部分の断熱スペーサ２を熱伝導率の小さい材料で製作する。   The battery pack according to claim 2 of the present invention changes the heat insulating property of the heat insulating spacer 2 by changing the thermal conductivity of the material forming the heat insulating spacer 2. Compared with the heat insulating spacer 2 between the batteries 1 at the end, in order to increase the heat insulating property of the heat insulating spacer 2 between the batteries 1 at the center, the heat insulating spacer at the center compared with the heat insulating spacer 2 at the end. 2 is made of a material with low thermal conductivity.

本発明の請求項３のパック電池は、プラスチックよりも熱伝導率の大きい充填材をプラスチックに充填している充填プラスチックで断熱スペーサ２を成形する。中央部の断熱スペーサ２に比較して、端部の断熱スペーサ２に多量の充填材を充填する。多量の充填材を充填している端部の断熱スペーサ２は、熱伝導が大きくなって断熱性は小さくなる。中央部分の断熱スペーサ２は、充填材の充填量が端部の断熱スペーサ２に比較して少なく、断熱性は大きくなる。   In the battery pack according to claim 3 of the present invention, the heat insulating spacer 2 is formed of filled plastic in which a filler having a higher thermal conductivity than that of plastic is filled. Compared to the heat insulating spacer 2 at the center, the heat insulating spacer 2 at the end is filled with a larger amount of filler. The heat insulating spacer 2 at the end portion that is filled with a large amount of filler has high heat conduction and low heat insulating properties. The heat insulating spacer 2 at the center portion has a smaller filling amount of the filler than the heat insulating spacer 2 at the end, and the heat insulating property is increased.

また、本発明の請求項４のパック電池は、プラスチックに充填材を充填している充填プラスチックで断熱スペーサ２を成形すると共に、充填する充填材の熱伝導率を変更して断熱スペーサ２の断熱性を調整する。中央部の電池１間に配置している断熱スペーサ２に比較して、端部の電池１間に配置している断熱スペーサ２には、熱伝導率の大きい充填材を充填して、断熱スペーサ２を成形している充填プラスチック自体の熱伝導率を大きくしている。   In the battery pack according to claim 4 of the present invention, the heat insulating spacer 2 is formed by using the filled plastic in which the plastic is filled with the filler, and the thermal conductivity of the filler to be filled is changed to insulate the heat insulating spacer 2. Adjust gender. Compared to the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the batteries 1 at the center, the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the batteries 1 at the end is filled with a filler having a high thermal conductivity, and the heat insulating spacer 2 is disposed. The thermal conductivity of the filled plastic itself molding 2 is increased.

さらに、本発明の請求項５に記載するパック電池は、電池１間に配置する断熱スペーサ２の厚さで断熱性を調整している。端部の電池１間に配置している断熱スペーサ２に比較して、中央部に配置している電池１間に配置している断熱スペーサ２を厚くして、一方の面から他方の面への熱伝導を遮断する断熱性を大きくしている。   Further, in the battery pack according to claim 5 of the present invention, the heat insulating property is adjusted by the thickness of the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the batteries 1. Compared to the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the batteries 1 at the end, the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the batteries 1 disposed at the central portion is thickened, so that one surface is changed to the other surface. The heat insulation property that cuts off the heat conduction of is increased.

本発明の請求項６のパック電池は、電池１間に配置している断熱スペーサ２を、電池１を配置している面と平行な面内に配置している連結プレート３で連結している。   In the battery pack according to claim 6 of the present invention, the heat insulating spacers 2 arranged between the batteries 1 are connected by a connecting plate 3 arranged in a plane parallel to the surface on which the battery 1 is arranged. .

また、請求項７のパック電池は、電池１間に配置している断熱スペーサ２と連結プレート３とをプラスチックで一体的に成形している。   In the battery pack of claim 7, the heat insulating spacer 2 and the connecting plate 3 arranged between the batteries 1 are integrally formed of plastic.

本発明のパック電池は、全体をコンパクトにしながら、端部と中央部分の電池の温度差を小さくして、温度差による電池の劣化を少なくして、全体として寿命を長くできる特長がある。それは、本発明のパック電池が、複数の電池を横並びに配置すると共に、電池の間に断熱スペーサを配置し、さらに、この断熱スペーサの断熱性を、中央部分のものを端部のものよりも大きくしているからである。このように、中央部分と端部に配置される断熱スペーサの断熱性を独特の特性にコントロールすると、中央部分の電池は隣の電池で加温される熱量が少なく、端部の電池は隣の電池で加温される熱量が多くなる。このため、従来のパック電池で温度が特に高くなっていた中央部分の電池は、隣の電池に加温される熱が遮断されて温度が低くなる。反対に、従来のパック電池で温度が特に低くなっていた端部の電池は、隣の電池に加温される熱量が多くなって温度が高くなる。したがって、本発明のパック電池は、図４に示すように、従来のものに比較して、中央部分の電池温度が実線で示すように低くなり、端部の電池温度は高くなる。すなわち、電池の最高温度が低下して最低温度が高くなるので、電池の温度差は相当に小さくなる。なお、図４において、上側に表示しているグラフの横軸は、下側に図示しているパック電池の横並びに配置された各二次電池の位置に対応しており、横並びに連結された各二次電池に対する電池温度をグラフに示している。   The battery pack according to the present invention is characterized in that the entire battery can be made compact while reducing the temperature difference between the battery at the end portion and the central portion, reducing the deterioration of the battery due to the temperature difference, and extending the life as a whole. In the battery pack of the present invention, a plurality of batteries are arranged side by side, and a heat insulating spacer is arranged between the batteries. Further, the heat insulating property of the heat insulating spacer is higher at the center portion than at the end portion. This is because it is getting bigger. In this way, if the heat insulating properties of the heat insulating spacers arranged at the center part and the end part are controlled to unique characteristics, the battery at the center part is less heated by the adjacent battery, and the battery at the end part is adjacent to the adjacent battery. The amount of heat heated by the battery increases. For this reason, the temperature of the battery in the central part, which is particularly high in the conventional battery pack, is reduced by blocking the heat that is heated by the adjacent battery. On the other hand, the battery at the end portion where the temperature is particularly low in the conventional battery pack increases the amount of heat heated by the adjacent battery, and the temperature increases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the battery pack of the present invention has a lower battery temperature at the center portion as shown by the solid line and a higher battery temperature at the end portion as compared with the conventional battery. That is, since the maximum temperature of the battery is lowered and the minimum temperature is increased, the temperature difference between the batteries is considerably reduced. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis of the graph displayed on the upper side corresponds to the side of the pack battery illustrated on the lower side and the position of each secondary battery arranged, and is connected side by side. The battery temperature for each secondary battery is shown in the graph.

以上のように、本発明は、電池の間に配置している断熱スペーサの断熱性で電池の温度差を小さくするので、各々の電池を特別な構造で強制的に冷却する必要がなく、また複雑な構造として電池の温度差を小さくする必要もない。したがって、極めて簡単な構造でコンパクトにしながら、電池の温度差を小さくできるという、パック電池にとって極めて優れた特徴を実現する。   As described above, the present invention reduces the temperature difference between the batteries by the heat insulating property of the heat insulating spacers arranged between the batteries, so that it is not necessary to forcibly cool each battery with a special structure. It is not necessary to reduce the temperature difference of the battery as a complicated structure. Therefore, an extremely excellent feature for the battery pack is realized in which the temperature difference between the batteries can be reduced while being compact with an extremely simple structure.

以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。ただし、以下に示す実施例は、本発明の技術思想を具体化するためのパック電池を例示するものであって、本発明はパック電池を以下のものに特定しない。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the examples shown below exemplify a battery pack for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the battery pack as follows.

さらに、この明細書は、特許請求の範囲を理解しやすいように、実施例に示される部材に対応する番号を、「特許請求の範囲」および「課題を解決するための手段の欄」に示される部材に付記している。ただ、特許請求の範囲に示される部材を、実施例の部材に特定するものでは決してない。   Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the scope of claims, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the examples are indicated in the “claims” and “means for solving problems” sections. It is added to the members. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members in the embodiments.

本発明のパック電池は、大きな電流で充放電されて、電池温度が高温になりやすい用途に使用される。たとえば、本発明のパック電池は、自動車、電動バイク、電動自転車等の車両用の電源、または電動工具の電源に適している。   The battery pack of the present invention is used for applications in which the battery temperature is likely to become high due to being charged and discharged with a large current. For example, the battery pack of the present invention is suitable for a power source for a vehicle such as an automobile, an electric motorcycle, and an electric bicycle, or a power source for an electric tool.

図２に示すパック電池は、複数の電池１を平行な姿勢で同一平面に横並びに配置している。図のパック電池は、電池１を円筒型電池とするが、電池１には角型電池も使用できる。電池はリチウムイオン二次電池、ニッケル水素電池、ニッケルカドミウム電池等の充電できる全ての二次電池とすることができる。このパック電池は、隣接する電池１の間に断熱スペーサ２を配置している。この図のパック電池は、１２本の電池１を二段に積層して配置している。１段に６本の電池１を横並びに配置している。これを２段に積層する状態に配置している。上段と下段の電池１の間には連結プレート３を配置している。この連結プレート３はプラスチック製で、断熱スペーサ２を一体的に成形して製作することができる。ただ、断熱スペーサ２と連結プレート３を別々に成形して、断熱スペーサ２を連結プレート３に連結することもできる。図２のパック電池は、連結プレート３の両面に断熱スペーサ２を設けて、両面に電池１を配置しているが、本発明のパック電池は、連結プレートの片面に断熱スペーサを連結して、片面に電池を配置することもできる。いずれのパック電池も、連結プレート３の表面に複数の電池１を横並びに配置するので、電池１間に配置される断熱スペーサ２は、電池１を配置している面と平行な面内に配置している連結プレート３に連結される。   The battery pack shown in FIG. 2 has a plurality of batteries 1 arranged side by side in the same plane in a parallel posture. In the illustrated battery pack, the battery 1 is a cylindrical battery, but the battery 1 can be a square battery. The battery can be any rechargeable secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a nickel cadmium battery. In this battery pack, a heat insulating spacer 2 is disposed between adjacent batteries 1. The battery pack of this figure has twelve batteries 1 stacked in two stages. Six batteries 1 are arranged side by side in one stage. These are arranged in a state of being stacked in two stages. A connecting plate 3 is disposed between the upper and lower batteries 1. The connecting plate 3 is made of plastic, and can be manufactured by integrally molding the heat insulating spacer 2. However, the heat insulating spacer 2 and the connecting plate 3 can be formed separately to connect the heat insulating spacer 2 to the connecting plate 3. The battery pack of FIG. 2 is provided with heat insulating spacers 2 on both sides of the connecting plate 3 and the battery 1 is arranged on both sides, but the battery pack of the present invention has a heat insulating spacer connected to one side of the connecting plate, A battery can also be arranged on one side. In any of the battery packs, a plurality of batteries 1 are arranged side by side on the surface of the connection plate 3, so that the heat insulating spacers 2 arranged between the batteries 1 are arranged in a plane parallel to the plane on which the batteries 1 are arranged. Connected to the connecting plate 3.

図２のパック電池は、連結プレート３の両面に断熱スペーサ２を設けて、断熱スペーサ２の間に電池１を配置している。断熱スペーサ２は、連結プレート３に垂直な姿勢で連結している。この構造のパック電池は、連結プレート３と断熱スペーサ２で３方を囲む領域に電池１を入れて定位置に配置できる。このため、電池１を正確な位置に配置して能率よく組み立てできる。連結プレート３と断熱スペーサ２とで囲まれる領域に入れられた電池１は、両端の電極にリード板（図示せず）を連結し、リード板を介して互いに連結される。リード板は、電池１の電極にスポット溶接等の方法で連結されて、隣接する電池１を直列に、あるいは並列に接続する。上下２段に配置しているパック電池は、図５の回路図に示すように、各段の電池１を互いに直列に接続して、上下の電池１を並列に接続することができる。   In the battery pack of FIG. 2, heat insulating spacers 2 are provided on both surfaces of the connecting plate 3, and the battery 1 is disposed between the heat insulating spacers 2. The heat insulating spacer 2 is connected in a posture perpendicular to the connecting plate 3. The battery pack having this structure can be placed in a fixed position by putting the battery 1 in a region surrounding the three sides with the connecting plate 3 and the heat insulating spacer 2. For this reason, the battery 1 can be arranged at an accurate position and efficiently assembled. The batteries 1 placed in a region surrounded by the connecting plate 3 and the heat insulating spacer 2 are connected to each other via lead plates (not shown) connected to electrodes at both ends. The lead plate is connected to the electrode of the battery 1 by a method such as spot welding to connect the adjacent batteries 1 in series or in parallel. As shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 5, the battery packs arranged in two upper and lower stages can connect the batteries 1 at each stage in series and connect the upper and lower batteries 1 in parallel.

図のパック電池は、以上のように、連結プレート３と断熱スペーサ２の間に電池１を配置し、さらに電池１をリード板で連結してなる電池組立が外装（図示せず）でカバーされて完成品となる。外装は、プラスチックケースである。ただ、外装には、熱収縮チューブ等のプラスチックフィルムも使用できる。   In the illustrated battery pack, as described above, the battery 1 is disposed between the connecting plate 3 and the heat insulating spacer 2, and the battery assembly formed by connecting the battery 1 with a lead plate is covered with an exterior (not shown). And finished product. The exterior is a plastic case. However, a plastic film such as a heat-shrinkable tube can also be used for the exterior.

パック電池は、外装に収納された各々の電池１の温度差を少なくするために、独特の断熱スペーサ２を配置している。図１に示すように、複数の電池１を横並びにしているパック電池は、中央部分の電池温度が端部の電池温度よりも高くなる。この弊害を解消して、電池１の温度差を少なくするために、本発明のパック電池は、電池１の間に配置している断熱スペーサ２の断熱性を調整している。端部の電池１間に配置する断熱スペーサ２に比較して、中央部の電池１間に配置する断熱スペーサ２の断熱性を大きくしている。断熱性は、一方の面から他方の面への熱伝導を遮断する特性であって、断熱性の大きい断熱スペーサ２は、同一の温度差で単位面積において、一方の面から他方の面への熱伝導量が小さい。すなわち、熱の伝導を遮断する効果が大きい。   The battery pack is provided with a unique heat insulating spacer 2 in order to reduce the temperature difference between the batteries 1 housed in the exterior. As shown in FIG. 1, in the battery pack in which a plurality of batteries 1 are arranged side by side, the battery temperature at the center part is higher than the battery temperature at the end part. In order to eliminate this adverse effect and reduce the temperature difference between the batteries 1, the battery pack of the present invention adjusts the heat insulating properties of the heat insulating spacers 2 arranged between the batteries 1. Compared to the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the batteries 1 at the end, the heat insulating property of the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the batteries 1 at the center is increased. The heat insulating property is a property that blocks heat conduction from one surface to the other surface, and the heat insulating spacer 2 having a large heat insulating property has the same temperature difference from one surface to the other surface in a unit area. Low thermal conductivity. That is, the effect of blocking heat conduction is great.

中央部分の電池１間に配置する断熱スペーサ２は断熱性を大きくする。断熱性の大きい断熱スペーサ２は、一方の面から他方の面に伝導する熱量が小さい。このため、断熱性の大きい断熱スペーサ２の両側に配置される電池１は、温度が高くなった電池１が隣の電池１を加熱する熱量を小さくできる。いいかえると、電池１の熱が断熱スペーサ２で遮断されて隣の電池１で加熱されなくなる。このため、中央部分の電池１は、隣の電池１の熱で加温される程度が少なくなって温度上昇が少なくなる。これに対して、端部の電池１の間には断熱性の小さい断熱スペーサ２が配置される。この断熱スペーサ２は、一方の面から他方の面に伝導する熱量が大きく、隣の電池１の熱で加熱される程度が大きくなる。したがって、端部の電池１は、隣の電池１で加温されて温度が高くなる。以上のように、中央部分の電池１と端部の電池１とでは、隣の電池１で加温される程度が異なり、この状態で表面から放熱して冷却される。両端に配置された電池１は、表面から放熱される。図２に示すように、連結プレート３と断熱スペーサ２で３方を囲む領域に配置される電池１は、断熱スペーサ２の間の開口部で効率よく冷却される。この開口部の形状は、両端の電池１を除く他の全ての電池１において同じである。両端の電池１を除く全ての電池１は、同じ条件で冷却される。   The heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the batteries 1 in the central portion increases the heat insulating property. The heat insulating spacer 2 having a large heat insulating property has a small amount of heat conducted from one surface to the other surface. For this reason, the battery 1 arrange | positioned at the both sides of the heat insulation spacer 2 with large heat insulation can make small the calorie | heat amount which the battery 1 whose temperature became high heats the adjacent battery 1. FIG. In other words, the heat of the battery 1 is blocked by the heat insulating spacer 2 and is not heated by the adjacent battery 1. For this reason, the battery 1 in the central portion is less heated by the heat of the adjacent battery 1 and the temperature rise is reduced. In contrast, a heat insulating spacer 2 having a small heat insulating property is disposed between the batteries 1 at the end. The heat insulating spacer 2 has a large amount of heat conducted from one surface to the other surface, and the degree to which the heat insulating spacer 2 is heated by the heat of the adjacent battery 1 increases. Therefore, the battery 1 at the end is heated by the adjacent battery 1 to increase the temperature. As described above, the battery 1 at the center and the battery 1 at the end differ in the degree of heating in the adjacent battery 1, and in this state, the heat is radiated from the surface and cooled. The batteries 1 arranged at both ends are radiated from the surface. As shown in FIG. 2, the battery 1 disposed in the region surrounding the three sides with the connecting plate 3 and the heat insulating spacer 2 is efficiently cooled at the opening between the heat insulating spacers 2. The shape of the opening is the same in all other batteries 1 except the battery 1 at both ends. All the batteries 1 except the batteries 1 at both ends are cooled under the same conditions.

断熱スペーサ２の断熱性は、断熱スペーサ２を成形する材料の熱伝導率でコントロールできる。断熱スペーサ２は、熱伝導率の小さい材料を使用して成形して、断熱性を大きくできる。反対に、熱伝導率の大きい材料で成形して、断熱性を小さくできる。断熱スペーサ２は、プラスチック等の絶縁材で成形される。このプラスチックには、たとえば、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリカーボネート等が使用できる。プラスチックは、材質を変更して熱伝導率をコントロールでき、また、充填材を充填して熱伝導率をコントロールできる。プラスチックに充填されて、熱伝導率をコントロールする充填材には、プラスチックよりも熱伝導率の大きいものが使用できる。たとえば、この充填材として、シリカやアルミナ等の無機粉末を使用する。充填材を充填して熱伝導率をコントロールする場合、プラスチックに充填材を充填している充填プラスチックで断熱スペーサを成形する。充填プラスチックは、たとえば、プラスチックに充填される充填材の熱伝導率を変更して、充填プラスチック自体の熱伝導率をコントロールする。充填材の熱伝導率で充填プラスチック自体の熱伝導率をコントロールする場合、充填する充填材の熱伝導率を大きくして、充填プラスチック自体の熱伝導率を大きくでき、また、充填材の熱伝導率を小さくして、充填プラスチック自体の熱伝導率を小さくできる。さらに、プラスチックに充填する充填材の充填量で充填プラスチックの熱伝導率をコントロールすることもできる。すなわち、充填材の充填量を多くして、充填プラスチックの熱伝導率を大きくし、反対に充填材の充填量を少なくして充填プラスチックの熱伝導率を小さくコントロールできる。   The heat insulating property of the heat insulating spacer 2 can be controlled by the thermal conductivity of the material for forming the heat insulating spacer 2. The heat insulating spacer 2 can be molded by using a material having a low thermal conductivity to increase the heat insulating property. On the other hand, the heat insulating property can be reduced by molding with a material having high thermal conductivity. The heat insulating spacer 2 is formed of an insulating material such as plastic. As this plastic, for example, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate and the like can be used. Plastic can change the material to control the thermal conductivity, and can be filled with a filler to control the thermal conductivity. As the filler that is filled in the plastic and controls the thermal conductivity, a filler having a higher thermal conductivity than the plastic can be used. For example, an inorganic powder such as silica or alumina is used as the filler. When the thermal conductivity is controlled by filling the filler, the heat insulating spacer is formed from the filled plastic in which the plastic is filled. The filled plastic controls the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic itself, for example, by changing the thermal conductivity of the filler filled in the plastic. When the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic itself is controlled by the thermal conductivity of the filler, the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic itself can be increased by increasing the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic. By reducing the rate, the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic itself can be reduced. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic can be controlled by the filling amount of the filler filled in the plastic. That is, it is possible to increase the filling amount of the filler to increase the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic, and conversely to reduce the filling amount of the filling material to reduce the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic.

断熱スペーサ２は、中央部分の電池１間に配置するものの断熱性を大きくして、端部の電池１間に配置する断熱スペーサ２の断熱性を小さくする。したがって、充填材を充填してプラスチックの断熱性をコントロールしながら成形される断熱スペーサ２は、中央部分に配置する断熱スペーサ２には端部の断熱スペーサ２に比較して熱伝導率の小さい充填材を充填し、あるいは充填材の充填量を少なくして断熱性を大きくする。中央部分の断熱スペーサ２には充填材を充填しないで、端部の断熱スペーサ２に充填材を充填することもできる。複数の電池１間に配置される断熱スペーサ２は、端部から中央部分に向かって充填材の充填量を少なくし、あるいは充填する充填材として次第に熱伝導率の小さいものを使用する。このように、断熱スペーサ２の断熱性を連続的に変化させるパック電池は、電池１の温度差をとくに小さくできる。ただ本発明のパック電池は、中央部分から端部に配置される断熱スペーサ２の断熱性を段階的に変化させることもできる。   The heat insulating spacer 2 increases the heat insulating property of what is disposed between the batteries 1 in the central portion, and decreases the heat insulating property of the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the end cells 1. Therefore, the heat insulating spacer 2 formed while filling the filler and controlling the heat insulating property of the plastic is filled with a lower thermal conductivity in the heat insulating spacer 2 arranged in the central portion than the heat insulating spacer 2 at the end. Fill the material or reduce the filling amount of the filler to increase the heat insulation. It is also possible to fill the heat insulating spacer 2 at the end with the filler without filling the heat insulating spacer 2 in the center portion. As the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed between the plurality of batteries 1, the filling amount of the filler is decreased from the end portion toward the central portion, or a filler having a gradually lower thermal conductivity is used as the filling material. As described above, the battery pack that continuously changes the heat insulating property of the heat insulating spacer 2 can particularly reduce the temperature difference of the battery 1. However, the battery pack of the present invention can change the heat insulating property of the heat insulating spacer 2 arranged from the central portion to the end portion in a stepwise manner.

ただ、プラスチックに充填する充填材には、プラスチックよりも熱伝導率の小さいものを使用することもできる。この充填材をプラスチックに充填して、充填材の充填量で充填プラスチックの熱伝導率をコントロールする場合、充填材の充填量を多くして充填プラスチックの熱伝導率を小さくし、反対に、充填材の充填量を少なくして充填プラスチックの熱伝導率を大きくコントロールできる。したがって、この充填材を充填して成形される断熱スペーサは、中央部分に配置する断熱スペーサでは、端部の断熱スペーサに比較して、充填材の充填量を多くして断熱性を大きくする。また、端部の断熱スペーサには充填材を充填しないで、中央部の断熱スペーサに充填材を充填することもできる。複数の電池間に配置される断熱スペーサは、端部から中央部分に向かって充填材の充填量を多くする。   However, a filler having a lower thermal conductivity than that of plastic can be used as a filler for filling the plastic. When this filler is filled in plastic and the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic is controlled by the filling amount of the filler, the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic is decreased by increasing the filling amount of the filler, and conversely, filling By reducing the filling amount of the material, the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic can be greatly controlled. Therefore, the heat insulating spacer formed at the center portion of the heat insulating spacer formed by filling the filler increases the amount of the filler and increases the heat insulating property as compared with the heat insulating spacer at the end. Further, the heat insulating spacer at the end can be filled with the filler without filling the heat insulating spacer at the end. The heat insulating spacer arranged between the plurality of batteries increases the filling amount of the filler from the end portion toward the central portion.

さらに、断熱スペーサ２は、図３に示すように、プラスチックを板状に成形する厚さで断熱性をコントロールすることもできる。この断熱スペーサ２は、厚く成形して断熱性を大きく、薄く成形して断熱性を小さくできる。   Furthermore, the heat insulation spacer 2 can also control heat insulation with the thickness which shape | molds a plastic in plate shape, as shown in FIG. The heat insulating spacer 2 can be formed thick to increase heat insulation, and thin to reduce heat insulation.

厚さで断熱性をコントロールして成形される断熱スペーサ２は、中央部分に配置する断熱スペーサ２を、端部の断熱スペーサ２に比較して厚く成形して断熱性を大きくする。複数の電池１間に配置される断熱スペーサ２は、端部から中央部分に向かって次第に厚く成形する。このようにして、断熱スペーサ２の断熱性を連続的に変化させるパック電池は、電池１の温度差をとくに小さくできる。ただ本発明のパック電池は、中央部分から端部に配置される断熱スペーサ２の厚さを段階的に変化させることもできる。   The heat insulating spacer 2 formed by controlling the heat insulating property by the thickness increases the heat insulating property by forming the heat insulating spacer 2 disposed at the center portion thicker than the heat insulating spacer 2 at the end. The heat insulating spacers 2 arranged between the plurality of batteries 1 are gradually thickened from the end toward the center. In this manner, the battery pack that continuously changes the heat insulating property of the heat insulating spacer 2 can particularly reduce the temperature difference of the battery 1. However, in the battery pack of the present invention, the thickness of the heat insulating spacer 2 arranged from the central portion to the end portion can be changed stepwise.

連結プレート３を備えるパック電池は、連結プレート３の断熱性をコントロールして、さらに電池１の温度差を少なくできる。連結プレート３は、中央部分の断熱性を端部よりも大きくする。この連結プレート３は、中央部分の断熱性を端部よりも大きくするので、中央部分における上下面の熱伝導量を端部よりも小さくできる。したがって、図３に示すように、上下に配置される電池１は、上下間で熱の移動を少なく、いいかえると、一方の電池１が他方の電池１を加熱する熱量を小さくできる。連結プレート３は、端部の断熱性を中央部分よりも小さくしているので、連結プレート３の端部に配置される電池１は、上下の熱移動量が大きく、一方の電池１が他方の電池１を加熱する熱量を大きくできる。したがって、この構造によると、中央の電池１は隣の電池１で加温される熱量が小さく、端部の電池１は隣の電池１で加温される熱量が大きくなって、電池１の温度差は小さくなる。   The battery pack provided with the connection plate 3 can control the heat insulation of the connection plate 3 and further reduce the temperature difference of the battery 1. The connecting plate 3 makes the heat insulating property of the central portion larger than that of the end portion. Since this connection plate 3 makes the heat insulation of a center part larger than an edge part, the amount of heat conduction of the upper and lower surfaces in a center part can be made smaller than an edge part. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the batteries 1 arranged on the upper and lower sides have less heat transfer between the upper and lower sides. In other words, the amount of heat by which one battery 1 heats the other battery 1 can be reduced. Since the connection plate 3 has a heat insulating property at the end portion smaller than that at the central portion, the battery 1 disposed at the end portion of the connection plate 3 has a large amount of heat transfer up and down, and one battery 1 is the other. The amount of heat for heating the battery 1 can be increased. Therefore, according to this structure, the center battery 1 has a small amount of heat heated by the adjacent battery 1, and the end battery 1 has a large amount of heat heated by the adjacent battery 1, so that the temperature of the battery 1 is increased. The difference is smaller.

連結プレート３の断熱性は、断熱スペーサ２と同じように、充填材の熱伝導率や充填量でコントロールし、あるいは連結プレート３の厚さでコントロールすることができる。   As with the heat insulating spacer 2, the heat insulating property of the connecting plate 3 can be controlled by the thermal conductivity and filling amount of the filler, or can be controlled by the thickness of the connecting plate 3.

従来のパック電池の正面図と各々の電池の温度特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the front view of the conventional battery pack, and the temperature characteristic of each battery. 本発明の一実施例にかかるパック電池の斜視図である。1 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の他の実施例にかかるパック電池の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the pack battery concerning the other Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例にかかるパック電池の正面図と各々の電池の温度特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the front view of the battery pack concerning the Example of this invention, and the temperature characteristic of each battery. 本発明の一実施例にかかるパック電池の回路図である。1 is a circuit diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…電池
２…断熱スペーサ
３…連結プレート DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery 2 ... Thermal insulation spacer 3 ... Connection plate

Claims (7)

複数の電池(1)を平行な姿勢で同一平面に横並びに配置しているパック電池であって、隣接する電池(1)の間に断熱スペーサ(2)を配置すると共に、この断熱スペーサ(2)は、端部の電池(1)間に配置する断熱スペーサ(2)に比較して、中央部の電池(1)間に配置する断熱スペーサ(2)の一方の面から他方の面への熱伝導を遮断する断熱性を大きくしてなるパック電池。   A battery pack in which a plurality of batteries (1) are arranged side by side in the same plane in a parallel posture, and a heat insulating spacer (2) is disposed between adjacent batteries (1), and the heat insulating spacer (2 ) From one surface to the other surface of the heat insulating spacer (2) disposed between the batteries (1) in the center compared to the heat insulating spacer (2) disposed between the batteries (1) at the end. A battery pack with increased thermal insulation that blocks heat conduction. 端部の電池(1)間に配置する断熱スペーサ(2)の材料に比較して、中央部の電池(1)間に配置する断熱スペーサ(2)の材料を熱伝導率の小さい材質で成形している請求項１に記載されるパック電池。   Compared to the material of the heat insulating spacer (2) placed between the batteries (1) at the end, the material of the heat insulating spacer (2) placed between the batteries (1) at the center is molded with a material with low thermal conductivity. The battery pack according to claim 1. 断熱スペーサ(2)が、プラスチックよりも熱伝導率の大きい充填材をプラスチックに充填している充填プラスチックの成形品で、
中央部の電池(1)間に配置している断熱スペーサ(2)に比較して、端部の電池(1)間に配置している断熱スペーサ(2)に多量の充填材を充填して、断熱スペーサ(2)を成形している充填プラスチック自体の熱伝導率を大きくしている請求項１に記載されるパック電池。 The insulation spacer (2) is a molded product of filled plastic in which the plastic is filled with a filler having a higher thermal conductivity than plastic,
Compared to the heat insulating spacer (2) arranged between the batteries (1) in the center, the heat insulating spacer (2) arranged between the batteries (1) at the end is filled with a larger amount of filler. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic itself forming the heat insulating spacer (2) is increased. 断熱スペーサ(2)が、プラスチックよりも熱伝導率の大きい充填材をプラスチックに充填している充填プラスチックの成形品で、
中央部の電池(1)間に配置している断熱スペーサ(2)に比較して、端部の電池(1)間に配置している断熱スペーサ(2)に熱伝導率の大きい充填材を充填して、断熱スペーサ(2)を成形している充填プラスチック自体の熱伝導率を大きくしている請求項１に記載されるパック電池。 The insulation spacer (2) is a molded product of filled plastic in which the plastic is filled with a filler having a higher thermal conductivity than plastic,
Compared with the heat insulating spacer (2) arranged between the batteries (1) in the center, the heat insulating spacer (2) arranged between the batteries (1) at the end is filled with a filler having a high thermal conductivity. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the filled plastic itself, which is filled to form the heat insulating spacer (2), is increased. 端部の電池(1)間に配置している断熱スペーサ(2)に比較して、中央部に配置している電池(1)間に配置している断熱スペーサ(2)を厚くして、一方の面から他方の面への熱伝導を遮断する断熱性を大きくしている請求項１に記載されるパック電池。   Compared to the heat insulating spacer (2) disposed between the batteries (1) at the end, the heat insulating spacer (2) disposed between the batteries (1) disposed at the center is thickened. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulating property that blocks heat conduction from one surface to the other surface is increased. 電池(1)間に配置している断熱スペーサ(2)を、電池(1)を配置している面と平行な面内に配置している連結プレート(3)で連結している請求項１に記載されるパック電池。   The heat insulating spacer (2) disposed between the batteries (1) is connected by a connecting plate (3) disposed in a plane parallel to the surface on which the battery (1) is disposed. A battery pack described in 1. 電池(1)間に配置している断熱スペーサ(2)と連結プレート(3)とをプラスチックで一体的に成形している請求項６に記載されるパック電池。
The battery pack according to claim 6, wherein the heat insulating spacer (2) and the connecting plate (3) disposed between the batteries (1) are integrally formed of plastic.
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