JP2005274714A - Method for manufacturing hole structure and hole structure - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing hole structure and hole structure Download PDF

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JP2005274714A
JP2005274714A JP2004084888A JP2004084888A JP2005274714A JP 2005274714 A JP2005274714 A JP 2005274714A JP 2004084888 A JP2004084888 A JP 2004084888A JP 2004084888 A JP2004084888 A JP 2004084888A JP 2005274714 A JP2005274714 A JP 2005274714A
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hole structure
resist layer
negative resist
exposure
manufacturing
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Toshiyuki Numazawa
稔之 沼澤
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a hole structure which uses lithography and in which a hole structure having many fine and deep sectionally-tapered through-holes bored can easily be manufactured with high production efficiency, and the hole structure manufactured by the manufacturing method. <P>SOLUTION: The method for manufacturing the hole structure includes a step of forming a negative resist layer on a conductive substrate, an exposure step of irradiating the negative resist layer with radiation through a mask, a step of forming an opening part of the negative resist layer through development after the exposure, a step of forming a metal layer at the opening part by electroplating, and a step of removing the conductive substrate and negative resist layer, the exposure stage being carried out in a gas atmosphere wherein polymerization reaction is prevented. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、微小な貫通孔を多数有する孔構造体の製造方法及びその方法により製造される孔構造体に関する。より具体的には、微小かつ深い貫通孔であって、一方の開口面積が他方の開口面積より大きい、断面形状がテーパ状の貫通孔が多数空けられた孔構造体の製造方法及びその方法により製造される孔構造体に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a hole structure having a large number of minute through holes and a hole structure manufactured by the method. More specifically, by a method for manufacturing a hole structure that is a minute and deep through-hole, in which one opening area is larger than the other opening area, and a large number of through-holes having a tapered cross-sectional shape are formed, and the method The present invention relates to a hole structure to be manufactured.

一方の開口面積が他方の開口面積より大きく断面形状がテーパ状の微小な貫通孔を多数有する孔構造体は、流体噴出装置のノズル、特にディスペンサー用ノズルや、燃料噴射用ノズル、流体攪拌装置、光学部品や電子部品、フィルター、化学繊維用紡糸ノズル等に利用可能であり、その効率的な製造方法の開発が望まれている。   A hole structure having a large number of through holes having one opening area larger than the other opening area and a tapered cross-sectional shape is a nozzle of a fluid ejection device, particularly a nozzle for a dispenser, a nozzle for fuel injection, a fluid agitation device, It can be used for optical parts, electronic parts, filters, spinning nozzles for chemical fibers, etc., and development of an efficient manufacturing method is desired.

微小な貫通孔を多数有する孔構造体の製造方法としては、(1)ドリルによる機械加工方法(切削加工)、(2)エッチング加工による方法、(3)プレス加工による方法等が例示される。しかし、(1)ドリルによる機械加工方法では、直径60μm以下の微小な孔の形成は不可能であり、又、開口形状は円形または楕円形に限定される。さらに、孔を一つ一つ加工するために生産性が非常に低いとの問題がある。   Examples of the method for producing a hole structure having a large number of minute through holes include (1) a machining method using a drill (cutting), (2) a method using etching, and (3) a method using press working. However, (1) it is impossible to form a minute hole having a diameter of 60 μm or less by a machining method using a drill, and the opening shape is limited to a circle or an ellipse. Furthermore, there is a problem that productivity is very low because holes are processed one by one.

(2)エッチング加工による方法は、金属板等の基板を、腐食性の液により、部分的に溶解し、所望の孔を形成する方法であるが、開口寸法が孔深さによって決定されてしまい、開口寸法より孔を深くすることはできないので、深い貫通孔の形成が困難であるとの問題がある。   (2) The etching method is a method of partially dissolving a substrate such as a metal plate with a corrosive liquid to form a desired hole, but the opening size is determined by the hole depth. Since the hole cannot be made deeper than the opening dimension, there is a problem that it is difficult to form a deep through hole.

(3)プレス加工による方法は、金属板等の基板を所望の形状をした金型で打抜く方法であるが、同様に、開口寸法より孔を深くすることはできず、深い貫通孔の形成が困難であるとの問題がある。さらに、孔ピッチが狭い場合、プレス加工に要する圧力に基板が耐えられず加工できなくなるとの問題もある。   (3) The press working method is a method of punching out a substrate such as a metal plate with a mold having a desired shape. Similarly, a hole cannot be made deeper than the opening size, and a deep through hole is formed. There is a problem that is difficult. Furthermore, when the hole pitch is narrow, there is also a problem that the substrate cannot withstand the pressure required for pressing and cannot be processed.

このような問題を解決する方法として、いわゆる電鋳法が知られている。この方法は、導電性の板状部材の上に、フォトリソグラフィー法により感光性樹脂のパターンを形成し、該パターンの開口部等を、電気めっきにより金属で覆った(電鋳)後、該板状部材及び該感光性樹脂を除去して孔構造体を得る方法である(WO01/071065号公報、第7頁第18行〜第9頁第15行)。   As a method for solving such a problem, a so-called electroforming method is known. In this method, a photosensitive resin pattern is formed on a conductive plate-like member by a photolithography method, and openings and the like of the pattern are covered with metal by electroplating (electroforming), and then the plate This is a method for obtaining a hole structure by removing the shaped member and the photosensitive resin (WO01 / 071065, page 7, line 18 to page 9, line 15).

さらに、WO01/071065号公報は、透明基板上に、パターン化した不透明導電性層を形成し、その上にネガ型の感光性樹脂層(感光不溶性材料層)を形成した後、透明基板側から露光して、該感光性樹脂層のパターンを形成し、その後電気めっきを行うことを特徴とする孔構造体の製造方法を開示している(WO01/071065号公報、請求項1)。   Further, WO 01/071065 discloses that a patterned opaque conductive layer is formed on a transparent substrate, a negative photosensitive resin layer (photosensitive insoluble material layer) is formed thereon, and then the transparent substrate side is used. A method for producing a hole structure is disclosed in which a pattern of the photosensitive resin layer is formed by exposure to light and then electroplating is performed (WO01 / 071065, claim 1).

この方法によれば、微小かつ深く、さらに断面形状がテーパ状の貫通孔の形成が可能である(WO01/071065号公報、図2(a)、(b))。この方法においては、感光性樹脂(ネガ型レジスト)層内を通過する光の減衰により層の表裏間で露光量が異なり、その結果ネガ型レジストの硬化の程度が表裏間で異なることを利用して錐型のパターンを形成している。この錐型のパターンにより断面形状がテーパ状の貫通孔が形成される。   According to this method, it is possible to form a through hole that is minute and deep and has a tapered cross section (WO01 / 071065, FIGS. 2A and 2B). In this method, the amount of exposure differs between the front and back of the layer due to the attenuation of light passing through the photosensitive resin (negative resist) layer, and as a result, the degree of curing of the negative resist differs between the front and back. A cone-shaped pattern is formed. Through the conical pattern, a through hole having a tapered cross-sectional shape is formed.

しかし、この方法では、基板として透明基板を用いる必要がある。又、通過する光を適度に減衰させるために、適度の吸光度を有する感光性樹脂を用いる必要があるので、感光性樹脂の選択の範囲が限られ、制約が大きい。又、不透明導電性層のパターンを形成する必要があるため、生産性が低い。さらに、この方法によれば、得られる貫通孔のテーパの角度は、12°より大きくならないと考えられている(WO01/071065号公報、第15頁第9〜11行)。すなわち、微細、かつ深いテーパのかかった孔を形成することは不可能であった。   However, in this method, it is necessary to use a transparent substrate as the substrate. Further, since it is necessary to use a photosensitive resin having an appropriate absorbance in order to attenuate the light passing therethrough, the range of selection of the photosensitive resin is limited and the restrictions are large. Moreover, since it is necessary to form the pattern of an opaque conductive layer, productivity is low. Further, according to this method, it is considered that the taper angle of the obtained through-hole is not larger than 12 ° (WO 01/071065, page 15, lines 9 to 11). That is, it was impossible to form a fine and deeply tapered hole.

さらに、この方法では、一枚のウエハー上に複数の孔構造体を一括して形成することはできないとの問題もある。すなわち、孔構造体は不透明導電性層上に形成されるので、一枚のウエハー上に複数の孔構造体を形成するためには、一枚のウエハー上に不透明導電性層を互いに孤立して複数形成する必要がある。しかし、電気めっきのための通電は不透明導電性層を通して行われるが、互いに孤立している複数の不透明導電性層に一括して通電できないので、複数の孔構造体を一括して形成することはできない。   Furthermore, this method has a problem that a plurality of hole structures cannot be formed at once on a single wafer. That is, since the hole structure is formed on the opaque conductive layer, in order to form a plurality of hole structures on a single wafer, the opaque conductive layers are isolated from each other on a single wafer. It is necessary to form a plurality. However, energization for electroplating is performed through the opaque conductive layer, but it is impossible to energize a plurality of opaque conductive layers that are isolated from each other at a time. Can not.

そこで、前記のようなリソグラフィーを用いた方法であって、従来技術の前記のような問題がなく、微小で深くかつ断面形状がテーパ状の貫通孔が多数空けられた孔構造体を、容易に、高い生産効率で製造できる方法の開発が望まれていた。
WO01/071065号公報
Therefore, a method using lithography as described above, which does not have the above-described problems of the prior art, and can easily form a hole structure in which a large number of through-holes having a small, deep, tapered shape are formed. Therefore, development of a method that can be manufactured with high production efficiency has been desired.
WO01 / 071065

本発明は、リソグラフィーを用いた方法であって、微小で深くかつ断面形状がテーパ状の貫通孔が多数空けられた孔構造体を、容易に、高い生産効率で製造することができる孔構造体の製造方法を提供することを課題とする。本発明は、さらに、この孔構造体の製造方法により製造される孔構造体を提供することを課題とする。   The present invention is a method using lithography, and is capable of easily producing a hole structure having a large number of through holes having a very small depth and a tapered cross-sectional shape with high production efficiency. It is an object to provide a manufacturing method. Another object of the present invention is to provide a hole structure manufactured by this method for manufacturing a hole structure.

本発明者は、鋭意検討の結果、感光性樹脂として、放射線照射により重合し、硬化、不溶化するネガ型レジストを用い、該ネガ型レジストを、重合反応を阻害する能力を有するガス雰囲気内で露光することを特徴とするリソグラフィー法を利用することにより、微小で深くかつ断面形状がテーパ状の貫通孔が多数空けられた孔構造体を容易に得ることができることを見出し、本発明を完成した。   As a result of intensive studies, the present inventor used a negative resist that is polymerized, cured, and insolubilized by irradiation as a photosensitive resin, and the negative resist was exposed in a gas atmosphere having an ability to inhibit the polymerization reaction. The present inventors have found that a hole structure having a large number of through-holes that are minute and deep and have a tapered cross-sectional shape can be easily obtained by utilizing a lithography method characterized in that the present invention has been completed.

本発明は、請求項1として、導電性の基板上にネガ型レジスト層を形成する工程、該ネガ型レジスト層にマスクを施して放射線を照射する露光工程、露光後現像してネガ型レジスト層の開口部を形成する工程、該開口部に電気めっきを施して金属層を形成する工程、並びにネガ型レジスト層及び導電性の基板を除去する工程を有し、該露光工程を、重合反応を阻害する能力を有するガス雰囲気内で行うことを特徴とする孔構造体の製造方法を提供する。   According to the present invention, a negative resist layer is formed on a conductive substrate, an exposure process in which the negative resist layer is masked and irradiated with radiation, and a negative resist layer is developed after exposure. A step of forming a metal layer by electroplating the opening, and a step of removing the negative resist layer and the conductive substrate. The exposure step is a polymerization reaction. Provided is a method for producing a pore structure, which is performed in a gas atmosphere having the ability to inhibit.

すなわち、本発明の孔構造体の製造方法では、先ず、導電性の基板上に、リソグラフィーにより、孔構造体の孔構造に対応した、ネガ型レジスト層のパターンが形成される。導電性の基板とは、レジスト層が形成される表面が導電性を有する基板を意味し、金属板等、その材質自体が導電性を有するものであってもよいし、ガラス板、セラミックス板やSi板等、その材質自体は導電性を有しないものの、レジスト層が形成される表面上に、スパッタリングや無電解めっき等により、金属膜(ベースメタル層)を形成し、導電性を付与したものでもよい。金属板上にスパッタリング等により別種の金属膜を施した基板を用いてもよい。基板の種類は、製作する孔構造体に要求される平面度や表面粗さ等により決められる。また、基板とその上に形成された孔構造体を一体とした非貫通孔の構造体の場合には、その用途に応じて、基板の種類は決められる。   That is, in the method for manufacturing a hole structure of the present invention, first, a negative resist layer pattern corresponding to the hole structure of the hole structure is formed on the conductive substrate by lithography. The conductive substrate means a substrate on which the surface on which the resist layer is formed has conductivity. The material itself such as a metal plate may have conductivity, a glass plate, a ceramic plate, Si plate or other material that does not have electrical conductivity, but has a metal film (base metal layer) formed by sputtering, electroless plating, etc. on the surface on which the resist layer is formed, thereby imparting electrical conductivity But you can. You may use the board | substrate which gave another kind of metal film by sputtering etc. on the metal plate. The type of substrate is determined by the flatness and surface roughness required for the hole structure to be manufactured. In the case of a non-through-hole structure in which the substrate and the hole structure formed thereon are integrated, the type of the substrate is determined according to the application.

金属膜(ベースメタル層)を構成する金属は、基板との密着性、めっき金属との密着性を考慮して決められる。一般的には、Cu/Ti(Cr)、Ti等である。   The metal constituting the metal film (base metal layer) is determined in consideration of adhesion to the substrate and adhesion to the plating metal. Generally, it is Cu / Ti (Cr), Ti or the like.

ネガ型レジスト層は、例えば、該導電性の基板上にネガ型レジストの溶液を塗布し、乾燥等により溶媒を除去して形成される。塗布の方法は特に限定されない。ここで用いられるネガ型レジストとは、放射線の照射により重合し硬化する組成からなるものであり、例えば、ラジカル重合をするビニル系モノマー及び放射線の照射によりラジカルを発生し、該ビニル系モノマーの重合を開始させる重合開始剤を含有するものが挙げられる。   The negative resist layer is formed, for example, by applying a negative resist solution on the conductive substrate and removing the solvent by drying or the like. The method of application is not particularly limited. The negative resist used here is composed of a composition that is polymerized and cured by irradiation of radiation, for example, a vinyl monomer that undergoes radical polymerization and a radical that is generated by irradiation of radiation, and polymerization of the vinyl monomer. And those containing a polymerization initiator for initiating.

該ネガ型レジストの露光に使用される放射線としては、UV等の光や、X線等が挙げられる。露光工程は、形成されたネガ型レジスト層に、目的の孔構造体の孔構造に対応するパターンを有するマスクを施し、該マスク側から放射線を照射することにより行われる。マスクの種類は、用いられる放射線の種類に応じて適当なものが選択される。   Examples of the radiation used for the exposure of the negative resist include light such as UV and X-rays. The exposure step is performed by applying a mask having a pattern corresponding to the hole structure of the target hole structure to the formed negative resist layer, and irradiating with radiation from the mask side. An appropriate mask type is selected according to the type of radiation used.

マスクは、通常、ネガ型レジスト層の、導電性基板側とは反対側の表面に施され、マスクの上から放射線の照射(フロント露光)がされる。しかし、WO01/071065号公報記載の例のように、基板とネガ型レジスト層の間にマスクを施し、基板側から照射する方法(バック露光)も可能である。ただし、バック露光は透明基板を用いる必要がある等の制約がある。一方、本発明の方法によれば、フロント露光によっても、断面テーパ状の孔を有する孔構造体を容易に得ることができる。   The mask is usually applied to the surface of the negative resist layer opposite to the conductive substrate side, and radiation (front exposure) is applied from above the mask. However, as in the example described in WO 01/071065, a method of applying a mask between the substrate and the negative resist layer and irradiating from the substrate side (back exposure) is also possible. However, there are limitations such as the need to use a transparent substrate for back exposure. On the other hand, according to the method of the present invention, a hole structure having a hole with a tapered cross section can be easily obtained even by front exposure.

マスクを介しての照射により、ネガ型レジスト層中の、露光部では重合が起こり硬化し、現像液に不溶になる。一方、非露光部では重合、硬化が起こらない。そこで、露光後現像液と接触させて現像することにより、露光部は残存するとともに、非露光部は現像液に溶解し、ネガ型レジスト層に開口部が形成される。現像液としては、特に限定されず、通常のネガ型レジストの現像に用いられるものを同様に用いることができる。   Irradiation through the mask causes polymerization to occur in the exposed portion of the negative resist layer, where it hardens and becomes insoluble in the developer. On the other hand, polymerization and curing do not occur in the unexposed area. Thus, by developing after contact with the developer after exposure, the exposed portion remains and the non-exposed portion dissolves in the developer, and an opening is formed in the negative resist layer. The developer is not particularly limited, and a developer used for developing a normal negative resist can be used in the same manner.

該開口部の底部では、導電性の基板が露出しており、この導電性を利用して、該開口部の基板上に電気めっきが施され、電気めっきの金属からなる金属層が形成される。その後、ネガ型レジスト層及び該基板が除去されると、ネガ型レジスト層の非開口部が該金属層の孔を形成し、孔構造体が得られる。   At the bottom of the opening, a conductive substrate is exposed, and using this conductivity, electroplating is performed on the substrate of the opening to form a metal layer made of electroplated metal. . Thereafter, when the negative resist layer and the substrate are removed, the non-opening portion of the negative resist layer forms holes in the metal layer, and a hole structure is obtained.

電気めっきされる金属としては、Ni及びNi合金や、Cu、Co、Zn、Au、Pt、Ag、Pb及びそれらの材料を含む合金が例示される。2種以上の金属を、順次電気めっきすることにより、多種の金属層が積層された構造からなる孔構造体を得ることもできる。   Examples of the metal to be electroplated include Ni and Ni alloys, Cu, Co, Zn, Au, Pt, Ag, Pb, and alloys containing these materials. By sequentially electroplating two or more kinds of metals, it is also possible to obtain a hole structure having a structure in which various metal layers are laminated.

本発明の孔構造体の製造方法は、前記露光を、重合反応を阻害する能力を有するガス雰囲気内で行うことを特徴とする。このようにすると、レジスト層内の該ガス雰囲気に接する部分、すなわちレジスト層の基板とは反対側は、重合反応の阻害の程度が大きく、露光部の硬化が進みにくい。一方、レジスト層内の該ガス雰囲気より遠い部分、すなわちレジスト層の基板側は、重合反応の阻害の程度が小さい。   The method for producing a pore structure according to the present invention is characterized in that the exposure is performed in a gas atmosphere having an ability to inhibit a polymerization reaction. In this way, the portion of the resist layer that is in contact with the gas atmosphere, that is, the side of the resist layer opposite to the substrate, has a large degree of inhibition of the polymerization reaction, and it is difficult for the exposed portion to harden. On the other hand, a portion of the resist layer far from the gas atmosphere, that is, the substrate side of the resist layer has a small degree of inhibition of the polymerization reaction.

その結果、レジスト層の両面で露光部の硬化の程度が異なり、例えば露光部が円形の場合は、現像後、基板側の底面積が大きく反対側の底面積が小さい円錐台状のパターンが形成される。そして、このようなパターンを用いて前記の電気めっきを行えば、該パターン部分が孔となるので、一方の開口面積が他方の開口面積より大きい、断面形状がテーパ状の貫通孔が形成される。   As a result, the degree of curing of the exposed area differs on both sides of the resist layer.For example, when the exposed area is circular, after development, a frustoconical pattern with a large bottom area on the substrate side and a small bottom area on the opposite side is formed. Is done. Then, if the electroplating is performed using such a pattern, the pattern portion becomes a hole, so that a through-hole having a tapered sectional shape and one opening area larger than the other opening area is formed. .

前記のように、ネガ型レジストとしては、ラジカル重合をするビニル系モノマー及び放射線の照射によりラジカルを発生し、該ビニル系モノマーの重合を開始させる重合開始剤を含有するものが例示される。本発明の請求項2は、この態様に該当する構成を提供するものであり、前記の孔構造体の製造方法であって、ネガ型レジストが、ラジカル重合をするビニル系モノマー、及び放射線の照射によりラジカルを発生し該ビニル系モノマーの重合を開始させる重合開始剤を含有することを特徴とする孔構造体の製造方法を提供するものである。   As described above, examples of the negative resist include those containing a vinyl monomer that undergoes radical polymerization and a polymerization initiator that generates radicals upon irradiation with radiation and initiates polymerization of the vinyl monomer. Claim 2 of the present invention provides a configuration corresponding to this aspect, and is a method for producing the above-described pore structure, wherein the negative resist is a vinyl monomer that undergoes radical polymerization, and irradiation with radiation. The present invention provides a method for producing a pore structure, which contains a polymerization initiator that generates radicals to initiate polymerization of the vinyl monomer.

請求項2の構成では、重合反応は、放射線の照射により活性化された重合開始剤が発生するラジカルにより開始されるので、重合反応を阻害する能力を有するガス雰囲気とは、通常発生したラジカルを失活させる能力を有するガス雰囲気である。このようなガス雰囲気としては、酸素が存在するガス雰囲気が好ましい。本発明の請求項3は、この好ましい態様に該当する構成を提供するものであり、前記の孔構造体の製造方法であって、重合反応を阻害する能力を有するガス雰囲気が、酸素を含有するガス雰囲気であることを特徴とする孔構造体の製造方法を提供するものである。   In the configuration of claim 2, since the polymerization reaction is initiated by radicals generated by the polymerization initiator activated by irradiation of radiation, the gas atmosphere having the ability to inhibit the polymerization reaction refers to the radicals generated normally. It is a gas atmosphere having the ability to deactivate. As such a gas atmosphere, a gas atmosphere in which oxygen is present is preferable. Claim 3 of the present invention provides a configuration corresponding to this preferred embodiment, and is a method for producing the pore structure, wherein the gas atmosphere having the ability to inhibit the polymerization reaction contains oxygen. The present invention provides a method for producing a hole structure characterized by being in a gas atmosphere.

該ガス雰囲気中の酸素濃度の好ましい範囲は、レジスト層の厚みや目的とする孔のテーパの程度、用いられる重合開始剤の種類等により変動し、特に限定されないが、通常15〜100%(重量%、以下ことわりのない場合は、%は重量%を表す。)の範囲が好ましく、特に大気より酸素濃度が高い30〜80%の範囲が好ましい。本発明の請求項4は、この好ましい態様に該当する構成を提供するものであり、前記の孔構造体の製造方法であって、酸素を含有するガス雰囲気中の酸素濃度が、30〜80%の範囲であることを特徴とする孔構造体の製造方法を提供するものである。   The preferable range of the oxygen concentration in the gas atmosphere varies depending on the thickness of the resist layer, the degree of taper of the target hole, the kind of polymerization initiator used, etc., and is not particularly limited, but is usually 15 to 100% (weight) %, Unless otherwise specified,% represents weight%), and a range of 30 to 80% in which the oxygen concentration is higher than the atmosphere is particularly preferable. Claim 4 of the present invention provides a configuration corresponding to this preferred embodiment, and is a method for producing the above-mentioned pore structure, wherein the oxygen concentration in the gas atmosphere containing oxygen is 30 to 80%. The present invention provides a method for producing a hole structure characterized by being in the range described above.

本発明は、その請求項5として、前記の本発明の孔構造体の製造方法により製造される孔構造体を提供する。この孔構造体は、微小で深くかつ断面形状がテーパ状の貫通孔を多数有するものであり、流体噴出装置のノズル、燃料噴射用ノズル、流体攪拌装置、光学部品や電子部品、フィルター、化学繊維用紡糸ノズル等に好適に用いることができる。   As a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hole structure manufactured by the method for manufacturing a hole structure of the present invention. This hole structure has a large number of through-holes that are minute and deep and have a tapered cross-sectional shape. The nozzle of the fluid ejection device, the nozzle for fuel injection, the fluid agitation device, the optical component and the electronic component, the filter, the chemical fiber Can be suitably used for spinning nozzles and the like.

本発明により、微小で深くかつ断面形状がテーパ状の貫通孔が多数空けられた孔構造体を、容易に、高い生産効率で製造することができる。すなわち、本発明はリソグラフィー法を利用するので、微小で深い貫通孔を狭ピッチ(多数)で形成することができ、又、露光工程におけるガス雰囲気を、ネガ型レジストの硬化反応(重合反応)を阻害するものとすることにより、容易に断面テーパ状の貫通孔が得られる。又、ガス雰囲気を変化させることにより、テーパの角度を容易に調節することもできる。従って、使用目的に合わせた孔構造体を容易に得ることができ、このようにして得られた孔構造体は、前記のような用途に好適に使用される。   According to the present invention, it is possible to easily manufacture a hole structure having a large number of through-holes that are minute and deep and have a tapered cross-sectional shape with high production efficiency. In other words, since the present invention uses a lithography method, minute and deep through holes can be formed with a narrow pitch (many), and the gas atmosphere in the exposure process can be controlled by a negative resist curing reaction (polymerization reaction). By making it hinder, a through hole having a tapered cross section can be easily obtained. In addition, the taper angle can be easily adjusted by changing the gas atmosphere. Therefore, it is possible to easily obtain a hole structure suitable for the purpose of use, and the hole structure obtained in this way is suitably used for the above-described applications.

次に、本発明の孔構造体の製造方法を実施するための最良の形態を説明するが、本発明の範囲はこの形態に限定されるものではない。   Next, the best mode for carrying out the method for manufacturing a hole structure of the present invention will be described, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to this mode.

先ず、基板上にネガ型フォトレジストをスピンコーティングにより塗布する。ネガ型フォトレジストとしては、THB151N(JSR社製)を用いた。スピンコーティングの条件は、300rpmで10sec程度であり、この条件で厚み80μmのレジスト層が形成される。なお、ネガ型フォトレジストとしては、UV光の当たった部分の光重合開始剤が活性化されラジカルを発生し、重合が進むネガ型フォトレジストであれば用いることができ、THB151Nに限定されるわけではない。   First, a negative photoresist is applied on a substrate by spin coating. As the negative photoresist, THB151N (manufactured by JSR) was used. The conditions for spin coating are about 10 seconds at 300 rpm, and a resist layer having a thickness of 80 μm is formed under these conditions. The negative photoresist can be used as long as the photopolymerization initiator in the portion exposed to UV light is activated to generate radicals and the polymerization proceeds, and is limited to THB151N. is not.

次に、フォトレジストが塗布された基板にフォトマスクを施し、該フォトマスクを介してUV光を露光する。その際、露光部の光重合開始剤が活性化され、重合反応を引き起こしてレジストを硬化し、現像液に不溶なものにする。一方、非露光部は、硬化せず現像液への可溶性が保たれる。   Next, a photomask is applied to the substrate coated with the photoresist, and UV light is exposed through the photomask. At that time, the photopolymerization initiator in the exposed area is activated, causing a polymerization reaction to cure the resist and make it insoluble in the developer. On the other hand, the non-exposed portion is not cured and remains soluble in the developer.

その後、現像液PD523(TMAH水溶液、JSR社製)により現像が行われ非露光部が除去される。現像液としては、現像可能なものであれば、PD523に限定されないが、通常は、TMAH水溶液に代表される有機アルカリ水溶液が使用される。現像後のリンスには、純水を使用する。   Thereafter, development is performed with a developer PD523 (TMAH aqueous solution, manufactured by JSR) to remove the non-exposed portion. The developer is not limited to PD 523 as long as it can be developed, but usually an organic alkaline aqueous solution typified by a TMAH aqueous solution is used. Pure water is used for rinsing after development.

図2は、露光・現像後のレジストパターン等の断面形状を示す断面概念図である。この例では、基板1上に、電気めっきのため、Cu/Tiからなるスパッタ膜2が形成されており、その上にさらにレジスト層3が形成されている。レジスト層3では、現像により非露光部が除去され、開口部4が形成されている。   FIG. 2 is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of a resist pattern and the like after exposure and development. In this example, a sputtered film 2 made of Cu / Ti is formed on a substrate 1 for electroplating, and a resist layer 3 is further formed thereon. In the resist layer 3, the non-exposed portion is removed by development, and an opening 4 is formed.

UV露光時には、レジスト層表面に酸素が過剰に供給される。そこで、露光により活性化した光重合開始剤は該酸素により失活するので、現像液への不溶化が不十分となる。一方、レジスト層の基板側へは、レジスト層表面程には酸素が供給されないので、現像液への不溶化はそれほど阻害されない。   During UV exposure, oxygen is excessively supplied to the resist layer surface. Therefore, since the photopolymerization initiator activated by exposure is deactivated by the oxygen, insolubilization in the developer becomes insufficient. On the other hand, since oxygen is not supplied to the substrate side of the resist layer as much as the surface of the resist layer, insolubilization in the developing solution is not so hindered.

その結果、露光・現像後のレジストパターンでは、図2に示すように、レジスト開口部4は、レジスト層3表面(図中の上面)側の寸法が基板(図中の下面)側より大きくなる。酸素の供給がされない通常の場合の露光・現像後のレジストパターンを図5に示すが、この図に示されるように、レジスト層3が基板に対してほぼ垂直に立ち上がったパターンが形成される。   As a result, in the resist pattern after exposure and development, as shown in FIG. 2, the resist opening 4 has a dimension on the resist layer 3 surface (upper surface in the drawing) side larger than that on the substrate (lower surface in the drawing) side. . FIG. 5 shows a resist pattern after exposure and development in a normal case where oxygen is not supplied. As shown in this figure, a pattern in which the resist layer 3 rises substantially perpendicularly to the substrate is formed.

露光、現像後、Ni合金により電気めっきが施される。図3は、電気めっき後のレジストパターン等の断面形状を示す断面概念図であるが、レジスト層の開口部4に金属層5(めっき層)が形成されている。めっき材料は、Ni及びNi合金が一般的であるが、電気めっきで析出可能な材料であれば、他の金属を用いることができ特に限定されない。例えば、Cu、Co、Zn、Au、Pt、Ag、Pb及びそれらの材料を含む合金を用いることができる。   After exposure and development, electroplating is performed with a Ni alloy. FIG. 3 is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of a resist pattern or the like after electroplating, but a metal layer 5 (plating layer) is formed in the opening 4 of the resist layer. As the plating material, Ni and Ni alloy are generally used, but other metals can be used as long as they can be deposited by electroplating, and are not particularly limited. For example, Cu, Co, Zn, Au, Pt, Ag, Pb and alloys containing these materials can be used.

めっき形成後、必要であれば、厚さ調整のための研磨を行った後に、剥離液THB−S2(DMSOの96〜99%及びTMAHからなる混合液。JSR社製)を用いてレジスト層3を完全に溶解する。このような、レジストの完全に溶解するための剥離液は、THB−S2に限定されず、有機アルカリ水溶液及びアルカリ水溶液、有機溶剤等を用いることもできる。図4は、レジスト層3を剥離した後のレジストパターン等の断面形状を示す断面概念図である。   After the plating is formed, if necessary, after polishing for thickness adjustment, the resist layer 3 is removed using a stripping solution THB-S2 (mixed solution of 96 to 99% of DMSO and TMAH, manufactured by JSR). Dissolve completely. Such a stripping solution for completely dissolving the resist is not limited to THB-S2, and an organic alkaline aqueous solution, an alkaline aqueous solution, an organic solvent, or the like can also be used. FIG. 4 is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing the cross-sectional shape of the resist pattern and the like after the resist layer 3 is peeled off.

レジスト層3を剥離した後、電気めっきのために形成したスパッタ膜2をエッチングにより除去し、金属層5と基板を剥離する。図1は、基板を剥離した後の金属層5を示す断面概念図であるが、得られた金属層5は、断面がテーパ状の微小な貫通孔6を多数有し、本発明の孔構造体を形成している。   After the resist layer 3 is peeled off, the sputtered film 2 formed for electroplating is removed by etching, and the metal layer 5 and the substrate are peeled off. FIG. 1 is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing the metal layer 5 after the substrate is peeled off. The obtained metal layer 5 has a large number of minute through holes 6 having a tapered cross section, and the hole structure of the present invention. Forming the body.

なお、断面テーパ形状を形成する方法としては、本発明のような露光時の雰囲気を変更する方法の他に、露光量の変化、現像時間の変化、現像液の液温の変化、現像液の有機アルカリの濃度の変化によっても可能となる。   In addition to the method of changing the atmosphere at the time of exposure as in the present invention, the method of forming the tapered cross-sectional shape includes a change in exposure amount, a change in development time, a change in developer temperature, a change in developer temperature, and the like. This can also be achieved by changing the concentration of organic alkali.

本発明の孔構造体の一例を示す断面概念図である。It is a section conceptual diagram showing an example of a hole structure of the present invention. 本発明の孔構造体の製造方法の一工程例を示す断面概念図である。It is a cross-sectional conceptual diagram which shows one process example of the manufacturing method of the hole structure of this invention. 本発明の孔構造体の製造方法の一工程例を示す断面概念図である。It is a cross-sectional conceptual diagram which shows one process example of the manufacturing method of the hole structure of this invention. 本発明の孔構造体の製造方法の一工程例を示す断面概念図である。It is a cross-sectional conceptual diagram which shows one process example of the manufacturing method of the hole structure of this invention. 従来技術の孔構造体の製造方法の一工程例を示す断面概念図である。It is a cross-sectional conceptual diagram which shows one process example of the manufacturing method of the hole structure of a prior art.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 基板
2 スパッタ膜
3 レジスト層
4 開口部
5 金属層
6 貫通孔

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substrate 2 Sputtered film 3 Resist layer 4 Opening 5 Metal layer 6 Through hole

Claims (5)

導電性の基板上にネガ型レジスト層を形成する工程、該ネガ型レジスト層にマスクを施して放射線を照射する露光工程、露光後現像してネガ型レジスト層の開口部を形成する工程、該開口部に電気めっきを施して金属層を形成する工程、並びにネガ型レジスト層及び導電性の基板を除去する工程を有し、該露光工程を、重合反応を阻害する能力を有するガス雰囲気内で行うことを特徴とする孔構造体の製造方法。   A step of forming a negative resist layer on a conductive substrate, an exposure step of applying a mask to the negative resist layer and irradiating radiation, a step of developing after exposure to form an opening of the negative resist layer, A step of forming a metal layer by electroplating the opening, and a step of removing the negative resist layer and the conductive substrate, and the exposure step is performed in a gas atmosphere having an ability to inhibit a polymerization reaction. A method for producing a hole structure, which is performed. 前記ネガ型レジストが、ラジカル重合をするビニル系モノマー、及び放射線の照射によりラジカルを発生し該ビニル系モノマーの重合を開始させる重合開始剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の孔構造体の製造方法。   2. The pore according to claim 1, wherein the negative resist contains a vinyl monomer that undergoes radical polymerization, and a polymerization initiator that generates radicals upon irradiation of radiation and initiates polymerization of the vinyl monomer. Manufacturing method of structure. 重合反応を阻害する能力を有するガス雰囲気が、酸素を含有するガス雰囲気であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の孔構造体の製造方法。   The method for producing a pore structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas atmosphere having the ability to inhibit the polymerization reaction is a gas atmosphere containing oxygen. 酸素を含有するガス雰囲気中の酸素濃度が30〜80%の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の孔構造体の製造方法。   The method for producing a pore structure according to claim 3, wherein the oxygen concentration in the gas atmosphere containing oxygen is in the range of 30 to 80%. 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載の孔構造体の製造方法により製造される孔構造体。

The hole structure manufactured by the manufacturing method of the hole structure in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 4.

JP2004084888A 2004-03-23 2004-03-23 Method for manufacturing hole structure and hole structure Pending JP2005274714A (en)

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JP2007211604A (en) * 2006-02-07 2007-08-23 Advics:Kk Filter, piston pump using it, and method of fitting filter into valve sheet member
JP2009023342A (en) * 2007-06-18 2009-02-05 Canon Inc Liquid discharging head, production method thereof, structure and production method thereof
CN106185789A (en) * 2015-05-05 2016-12-07 深南电路股份有限公司 A kind of processing method of the composite with micropore
JP2018081282A (en) * 2016-11-18 2018-05-24 キヤノン株式会社 Exposure apparatus and method of manufacturing article

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007211604A (en) * 2006-02-07 2007-08-23 Advics:Kk Filter, piston pump using it, and method of fitting filter into valve sheet member
JP4710636B2 (en) * 2006-02-07 2011-06-29 株式会社アドヴィックス Piston pump using filter and filter assembling method to valve seat member
US8043072B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2011-10-25 Advics Co., Ltd. Filter, piston pump using the filter, and method of mounting the filter in a valve seat member of the piston pump
JP2009023342A (en) * 2007-06-18 2009-02-05 Canon Inc Liquid discharging head, production method thereof, structure and production method thereof
CN106185789A (en) * 2015-05-05 2016-12-07 深南电路股份有限公司 A kind of processing method of the composite with micropore
JP2018081282A (en) * 2016-11-18 2018-05-24 キヤノン株式会社 Exposure apparatus and method of manufacturing article

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