JP2005179661A - Organic inorganic hybrid particle, inorganic particle obtained from the same, and method for producing the organic inorganic hybrid particle - Google Patents

Organic inorganic hybrid particle, inorganic particle obtained from the same, and method for producing the organic inorganic hybrid particle Download PDF

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JP2005179661A
JP2005179661A JP2004343882A JP2004343882A JP2005179661A JP 2005179661 A JP2005179661 A JP 2005179661A JP 2004343882 A JP2004343882 A JP 2004343882A JP 2004343882 A JP2004343882 A JP 2004343882A JP 2005179661 A JP2005179661 A JP 2005179661A
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organic
resin
inorganic hybrid
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anionic group
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Isao Tabayashi
勲 田林
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DIC Corp
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Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide composite particles (organic inorganic hybrid particles) formed so that organic polymer regions and inorganic polymer regions are distributed over the inside of each of the particles, together having characteristics as inorganic particles, such as abrasion resistance, solvent resistance, and high elastic modulus, and characteristics as organic particles, such as flexibility and granulation properties, and excellent in evenness of particle diameters, and to provide a method for producing the same. <P>SOLUTION: The organic inorganic hybrid particles comprise the composite particles of which the each contains a resin having anionic groups and a reaction gel of a metal alkoxide, wherein the particles are produced by adding water to a solution of a water-miscible organic solvent containing the resin having the anionic groups, the metal alkoxide, and a base, and then emulsifying the mixture. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、均一粒子径を有する有機無機ハイブリッド粒子、およびそれから有機成分を除去して得られる無機粒子に関する。加えて、有機無機ハイブリッド粒子及び有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水性分散体の製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to organic-inorganic hybrid particles having a uniform particle diameter, and inorganic particles obtained by removing organic components therefrom. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for producing organic-inorganic hybrid particles and an aqueous dispersion of organic-inorganic hybrid particles.

従来、セラミック等の無機の粒子は増量、紫外線吸収、耐摩耗、光学・電磁気特性の付与等様々な用途で単独もしくは有機高分子等と複合して利用されている。一方、有機高分子粒子ではポリマーが持つ特性である柔軟性・密着性・加工性を利用して電子写真用トナーや艶消し、着色剤その他で利用されているが、無機粒子の前記特性や耐熱性、高弾性率、耐候性、耐溶剤性等の特性は得ることは難しい。そこで有機高分子と無機材料の優れた特性を有する材料得るために両者のコンパウンドが利用されるが、一般に無機化合物と有機高分子の相溶性は十分でなく、様々な有機無機ハイブリッド材料を製造する試みが検討されているが実用化が困難であった。   Conventionally, inorganic particles such as ceramics are used alone or in combination with organic polymers for various purposes such as increasing the amount, absorbing ultraviolet light, wear resistance, and imparting optical / electromagnetic properties. On the other hand, organic polymer particles are used in electrophotographic toners, matting agents, colorants, etc. by utilizing the flexibility, adhesion, and processability that are the characteristics of polymers. It is difficult to obtain properties such as properties, high elastic modulus, weather resistance, and solvent resistance. Therefore, in order to obtain materials having excellent characteristics of organic polymers and inorganic materials, both compounds are used, but in general, the compatibility between inorganic compounds and organic polymers is not sufficient, and various organic-inorganic hybrid materials are produced. Although attempts have been made, practical application has been difficult.

有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の例としては、有機高分子化合物と無機酸化物とのマトリックスが共有結合により結合されたハイブリッド体である有機無機ハイブリッド粒子が提案されており、具体的には、重合性金属アルコキシドを含む膨潤溶媒でシード粒子を膨潤させた後、該金属アルコキシド中の不飽和二重結合により重合させ、次いで金属アルコキシドのアルコキシ基を加水分解及び縮合させる製造方法である。しかしながら、膨潤処理やその後の重合等の操作が複雑で、更に界面活性剤や分散剤を使用するために粒子径の制御を十分には行えなかった。
特開平07−265686号公報
As an example of organic-inorganic hybrid particles, organic-inorganic hybrid particles, which are hybrids in which a matrix of an organic polymer compound and an inorganic oxide are bonded by a covalent bond, have been proposed. Specifically, polymerizable metal alkoxides are proposed. In which the seed particles are swollen with a swelling solvent containing, then polymerized by unsaturated double bonds in the metal alkoxide, and then the alkoxy group of the metal alkoxide is hydrolyzed and condensed. However, operations such as swelling treatment and subsequent polymerization are complicated, and the use of a surfactant and a dispersant has prevented the particle diameter from being sufficiently controlled.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 07-265686

本発明は、前記の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子に関する課題を解決するものである。
即ち本発明の目的は、粒子径の揃った球形度の高い有機無機ハイブリッド粒子とそれを容易に製造しうる製造方法を提供することである。加えて有機無機ハイブリッド粒子から焼成等によって有機成分を除去して新たに得られる無機粒子を提供することである。
The present invention solves the problems related to the organic-inorganic hybrid particles.
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide an organic-inorganic hybrid particle having a uniform particle size and high sphericity and a production method capable of easily producing the same. In addition, it is to provide inorganic particles newly obtained by removing organic components from organic-inorganic hybrid particles by firing or the like.

上記目的は、以下の本発明によって達成される。
即ち、本発明は、アニオン性基を有する樹脂と、金属アルコキシドの反応ゲルを含有する有機無機ハイブリッド粒子を提供する。
さらに本発明は前記有機無機ハイブリッド粒子から有機成分を除去することによって得られる無機粒子を提供する。
The above object is achieved by the present invention described below.
That is, the present invention provides organic-inorganic hybrid particles containing a resin having an anionic group and a reaction gel of metal alkoxide.
Furthermore, the present invention provides inorganic particles obtained by removing organic components from the organic-inorganic hybrid particles.

本発明のアニオン性基を有する樹脂と、金属アルコキシドの反応ゲルを含有する有機無機ハイブリッド粒子は、均一な粒子径を有し、分散安定性に優れた水性分散体を形成する。さらに製造時の造粒性に優れ、粒子化が極めて容易である。本発明の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子は、有機成分と無機成分が微細構造を有するドメインを形成し、研磨用粒子としての硬度の他に、耐摩耗性、耐熱性、高弾性率、耐候性、耐溶剤等従来の無機粒子の特徴と、柔軟性・密着性・加工性・造粒性等従来の有機粒子の特徴とを合わせ持っている。   The organic-inorganic hybrid particles containing a resin having an anionic group and a reaction gel of a metal alkoxide according to the present invention form an aqueous dispersion having a uniform particle diameter and excellent dispersion stability. Furthermore, it has excellent granulation properties during production and is extremely easy to form. The organic-inorganic hybrid particles of the present invention form a domain in which an organic component and an inorganic component have a fine structure, and in addition to hardness as polishing particles, wear resistance, heat resistance, high elastic modulus, weather resistance, solvent resistance It combines the characteristics of conventional inorganic particles such as conventional organic particles such as flexibility, adhesion, workability and granulation.

また、本発明の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の製造方法を用いることによって、有機成分と無機成分が均一に混在し、かつ均一な粒子径を有する有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の製造が可能となる。また該粒子は微粒子化と、真球に近い高い球形度を持たせることが容易である。
さらに、本発明の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子から有機成分を除去して得られる無機粒子は、有機部分と無機部分のナノスケールの海島構造から有機部分が除去された多孔質粒子で、一般的な気相法や湿式法で得られる金属酸化物微粒子と比較して極めて緻密なポーラス構造を有することから、従来にない無機粒子の物性が期待できる。
Further, by using the method for producing organic-inorganic hybrid particles of the present invention, it is possible to produce organic-inorganic hybrid particles in which an organic component and an inorganic component are uniformly mixed and have a uniform particle diameter. Further, the particles can be easily made fine and have a high sphericity close to a true sphere.
Further, the inorganic particles obtained by removing the organic component from the organic-inorganic hybrid particles of the present invention are porous particles obtained by removing the organic portion from the nanoscale sea-island structure of the organic portion and the inorganic portion. Compared with metal oxide fine particles obtained by a method or a wet method, it has an extremely dense porous structure, so that it can be expected to have unprecedented physical properties of inorganic particles.

本発明における有機無機ハイブリッド粒子とは、有機高分子と無機高分子とが同一粒子内に分布した複合体粒子であって、耐摩耗性、耐熱性等、無機高分子としての特性と、柔軟性等の有機高分子としての特性を併せ持つ粒子である。本発明のアニオン性基を有する樹脂と金属アルコキシドの反応ゲルを含有した複合粒子は、その一例である。
また、本発明において金属アルコキシドの反応ゲルとは、金属アルコキシドの加水分解と重合によって生成するゾルに、さらにその反応を進行させて形成される金属酸化物を含む湿潤ゲルまたは乾燥ゲルのことである。
The organic-inorganic hybrid particle in the present invention is a composite particle in which an organic polymer and an inorganic polymer are distributed in the same particle. The properties and flexibility of the inorganic polymer, such as wear resistance and heat resistance. It is a particle having both characteristics as an organic polymer. The composite particles containing a reaction gel of a resin having an anionic group and a metal alkoxide according to the present invention are an example.
In the present invention, the metal alkoxide reaction gel is a wet gel or a dry gel containing a metal oxide formed by further proceeding with the sol formed by hydrolysis and polymerization of the metal alkoxide. .

本発明で使用するアニオン性基を含んだ樹脂中のアニオン性基は、その少なくとも一部が、塩基と対イオンを形成していると、より有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の分散安定性が優れており、良好な水性分散体を形成することができる。また該粒子の製造を行いやすく好ましい。
アニオン性基を有する樹脂の酸価については特に限定されるものではないが、酸価が10未満では該樹脂の分散性が不足し易く、後述する製造方法における有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水性分散体形成が不十分となる傾向がある。酸価が200を越えると、同じく後述する製造方法において樹脂が水に膨潤や溶解しやすく、目的とする有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水性分散体が得にくくなる傾向がある。このためアニオン性基を有する樹脂の酸価は10〜200の範囲にあることが好ましい。特に50〜200の範囲にある自己水分散性樹脂の場合は、該樹脂のアニオン性基の一部が塩基により中和されることにより、水に対して良好な分散性あるいは溶解性を示すためより好ましい。
本発明の樹脂のアニオン性基は、カルボキシル基、スルホン酸基、スルフィン酸基、リン酸基等であって特に限定されるものではないが、このうちカルボキシル基を含有する樹脂は一般的なものが使用可能であり、後述する製造方法による有機無機ハイブリッド粒子化が容易となるため好ましい。
The anionic group in the resin containing an anionic group used in the present invention is more excellent in dispersion stability of the organic-inorganic hybrid particles when at least a part thereof forms a counter ion with the base. A good aqueous dispersion can be formed. Further, it is preferable because the particles can be easily produced.
The acid value of the resin having an anionic group is not particularly limited. However, when the acid value is less than 10, the resin tends to be insufficient in dispersibility, and an aqueous dispersion of organic-inorganic hybrid particles in the production method described later is formed. Tends to be insufficient. When the acid value exceeds 200, the resin tends to swell or dissolve in water in the production method described later, and it tends to be difficult to obtain a desired aqueous dispersion of organic-inorganic hybrid particles. For this reason, it is preferable that the acid value of resin which has anionic group exists in the range of 10-200. In particular, in the case of a self-water dispersible resin in the range of 50 to 200, since a part of the anionic group of the resin is neutralized with a base, it exhibits good dispersibility or solubility in water. More preferred.
The anionic group of the resin of the present invention is a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a phosphoric acid group and the like, and is not particularly limited, but among these, resins containing a carboxyl group are general ones Can be used, and organic-inorganic hybrid particles can be easily formed by the production method described later.

アニオン性基を有する樹脂としては天然樹脂、合成樹脂等特に制限はないが、後述の製造方法に対して好適な樹脂として、塩基性化合物が存在しない状態で有機溶剤可溶の樹脂が好ましく、具体的にはアクリル酸樹脂、マレイン酸樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂等が挙げられ、これらは複合粒子形成後に、必要に応じて公知の方法で三次元架橋を行う事が可能である。アクリル酸樹脂としては、例えばスチレン、置換スチレン、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、ヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリル酸エステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つのモノマーと、(メタ)アクリル酸との共重合体は、樹脂の粒子化と多価金属イオンによる架橋の点で好適である。
具体的にはスチレン;α−メチルスチレン等の置換スチレン;アクリル酸メチルエステル、アクリル酸エチルエステル、アクリル酸ブチルエステル、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシルエステル等のアクリル酸エステル;メタクリル酸メチルエステル、メタクリル酸エチルエステル、メタクリル酸ブチルエステル、メタクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル等のメタクリル酸エステル;及びメタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル等のヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリル酸エステルから選ばれる少なくとも一つ以上のモノマーと、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸から選ばれる少なくとも一つ以上のモノマーを含む(メタ)アクリル酸系共重合体が好ましい。
The resin having an anionic group is not particularly limited, such as a natural resin and a synthetic resin, but a resin suitable for the production method described below is preferably a resin soluble in an organic solvent in the absence of a basic compound. Specifically, acrylic acid resin, maleic acid resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin and the like can be mentioned, and these can be subjected to three-dimensional crosslinking by a known method as necessary after formation of the composite particles. As the acrylic resin, for example, a copolymer of (meth) acrylic acid with at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, substituted styrene, (meth) acrylic acid ester, and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylic acid ester is It is preferable in terms of resin particle formation and crosslinking with polyvalent metal ions.
Specifically, styrene; substituted styrene such as α-methylstyrene; acrylic acid methyl ester, acrylic acid ethyl ester, acrylic acid butyl ester, acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, and other acrylic acid esters; methacrylic acid methyl ester, ethyl methacrylate At least one monomer selected from esters, methacrylic acid esters such as butyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate; and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; and acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. A (meth) acrylic acid copolymer containing at least one monomer selected from acids is preferred.

有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の硬度を高くする場合には、上記モノマーの組み合わせにおいて(メタ)アクリル酸エステルのようなガラス転移温度の低いモノマーを多量に使用することは好ましくなく、本発明の樹脂のガラス転移温度は室温以上、できれば50℃以上が好適である。
本発明の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子に用いる前記樹脂は、有機無機のハイブリッド化によって強度の大きい粒子が得られるが、あらかじめ架橋性モノマーと開始剤又は触媒を有機無機ハイブリッド粒子に取り込み、粒子化後に架橋するか、好ましくは、有機無機ハイブリッド粒子化時に多価金属イオンを取り込んで、アニオン性基を有する樹脂のアニオン性基の一部を架橋させたいわゆるアイオノマー樹脂化をさせることによって、より強靱な有機無機ハイブリッド粒子とする事が出来る。
また樹脂の分子量範囲についても特に制限はないが、1000以上10万以下の分子量のものがより好ましい。樹脂と金属アルコキシドの比率は特に制限はないが、質量比で1:10〜10:1の範囲が好ましい。
When increasing the hardness of the organic-inorganic hybrid particles, it is not preferable to use a large amount of a monomer having a low glass transition temperature, such as (meth) acrylic acid ester, in the combination of the above monomers, and the glass transition of the resin of the present invention. The temperature is preferably room temperature or higher, preferably 50 ° C. or higher.
The resin used for the organic / inorganic hybrid particles of the present invention can be obtained by organic / inorganic hybridization to obtain particles having high strength. However, a crosslinkable monomer and an initiator or a catalyst are previously incorporated into the organic / inorganic hybrid particles and crosslinked after the formation of the particles. Or, preferably, by forming polyvalent metal ions during the formation of organic-inorganic hybrid particles and forming a so-called ionomer resin obtained by crosslinking a part of the anionic group of the resin having an anionic group, Hybrid particles can be obtained.
The molecular weight range of the resin is not particularly limited, but a resin having a molecular weight of 1000 or more and 100,000 or less is more preferable. The ratio of the resin to the metal alkoxide is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1:10 to 10: 1 by mass ratio.

金属アルコキシドとしては2価以上の金属を有する多価金属アルコキシドであって、2価以上の多価金属としてはで、ケイ素、チタニウム、ジルコニウム、セリウム、カルシウム、バリウム、マンガン、亜鉛、ニッケル、スズ、銅、鉄、コバルト、ホウ素、アルミニウム、タングステン、ビスマス、モリブデン、ニオブ、イットリウム、ストロンチウム、ガリウム、ゲルマニウムなどがあるがこれらに限定されるものではなく、少なくとも1種類以上含むことができる。
前記の金属と組み合わせるアルコキシドとしては、金属に対して少なくとも一つ以上のアルコキシ基(OR)が結合し、アルコキシ基(OR)のRはアルキル基・アルキレン基・アリル基・ビニル基・ビニルベンジル基、(メタ)アクリレート基等任意に選択すればよいが、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基が一般的で利用しやすい。また金属には、直接他の官能基が結合してもよく、一例として水酸基、アルキル基、アルキレン基・アリル基・ビニル基・ビニルベンジル基、(メタ)アクリレート基、カルボキシル基、アセチルアセトン基・アセト酢酸エステル基等の配位子等がある。金属に結合する官能基が全てアルコキシ基の場合は、金属アルコキシドの加水分解重縮合によってシロキサン結合のみからなる無機高分子鎖を形成することが可能であり、無機化合物としての特性をより高く発現させることができるため好ましい。具体的な化合物例としては以下があるがこれらに限られたものではない。
The metal alkoxide is a polyvalent metal alkoxide having a bivalent or higher metal, and the divalent or higher polyvalent metal is silicon, titanium, zirconium, cerium, calcium, barium, manganese, zinc, nickel, tin, Although there are copper, iron, cobalt, boron, aluminum, tungsten, bismuth, molybdenum, niobium, yttrium, strontium, gallium, germanium, etc., it is not limited to these, and at least one kind can be included.
As the alkoxide combined with the metal, at least one alkoxy group (OR) is bonded to the metal, and R of the alkoxy group (OR) is an alkyl group, an alkylene group, an allyl group, a vinyl group, or a vinylbenzyl group. , A (meth) acrylate group or the like may be selected arbitrarily, but an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is common and easy to use. In addition, other functional groups may be directly bonded to the metal. For example, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkylene group, an allyl group, a vinyl group, a vinylbenzyl group, a (meth) acrylate group, a carboxyl group, an acetylacetone group, an acetoacetate group. There are ligands such as acetate groups. When all the functional groups bonded to the metal are alkoxy groups, it is possible to form an inorganic polymer chain consisting only of siloxane bonds by hydrolytic polycondensation of the metal alkoxide, and to exhibit higher properties as an inorganic compound. This is preferable. Specific examples of the compound include, but are not limited to, the following.

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Figure 2005179661

本発明のアニオン性基を有する樹脂と金属アルコキシドを含有する複合粒子を溶液中で作製するには、前記樹脂中のアニオン性基の少なくとも一部が一価の塩基と対イオンを形成することにより粒子表面が親水性となることが好ましい。ここでいう一価の塩基としては、例えばリチウム・カリウム・ナトリウム等のアルカリ金属、アンモニア、有機アミン・アルコールアミン・モルホリン・ピリジン等の有機塩基等があるが、一般に塩基も金属アルコキシドに対して加水分解触媒として作用するので、金属アルコキシドの加水分解を抑制する効果を有するモノエタノールアミン・ジエタノールアミン・トリエタノールアミン等のアルコールアミンを用いる方が乳化時に金属オキシドの加水分解が抑制され、樹脂と金属オキシドがより均一に混じるようになるため好ましい。本発明の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子を特に半導体等に使用する場合にはアルカリ金属イオン成分はなるべく少なくし、アルコールアミン等を用いた方が、金属イオンの残留による半導体特性への悪影響を排除できるので好ましい。   In order to produce composite particles containing a resin having an anionic group and a metal alkoxide of the present invention in a solution, at least a part of the anionic group in the resin forms a counter ion with a monovalent base. It is preferable that the particle surface be hydrophilic. Examples of the monovalent base here include alkali metals such as lithium, potassium, and sodium, ammonia, and organic bases such as organic amine, alcohol amine, morpholine, and pyridine. Since it acts as a decomposition catalyst, the use of alcohol amines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, which have the effect of suppressing the hydrolysis of metal alkoxides, suppresses the hydrolysis of metal oxides during emulsification. Is more preferable because it is more uniformly mixed. When the organic / inorganic hybrid particles of the present invention are used particularly for semiconductors, it is preferable to reduce the alkali metal ion component as much as possible, and to use alcohol amine or the like because the adverse effects on the semiconductor characteristics due to residual metal ions can be eliminated. .

一価の塩基の使用量は、樹脂のアニオン性基の10%以上好ましくは50モル%以上に相当する量を用いるのがよく、使用目的によって必要であれば100モル%以上に相当する量の塩基を添加しておいても、遊離塩基量が増加し微粒径で安定した有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水分散体が得られる。
一方、一価塩基の加える量を少なくすると、有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の粒子径をより大きくすることができる。このように一価塩基量の調節により粒子径が均一で、任意の粒子径の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水性分散体が得られる。
本発明においては、別途用意された無機または有機粒子をコアにして表面を本発明のハイブリッド体で被覆して粒子化をより容易に行わせたり、コストを下げたりすることもできる。
The amount of the monovalent base used should be an amount corresponding to 10% or more, preferably 50 mol% or more of the anionic group of the resin, and an amount corresponding to 100 mol% or more if necessary depending on the purpose of use. Even when a base is added, an aqueous dispersion of organic-inorganic hybrid particles that are stable in a fine particle size with an increased free base amount can be obtained.
On the other hand, when the amount of the monovalent base added is reduced, the particle diameter of the organic-inorganic hybrid particles can be increased. Thus, by adjusting the amount of monovalent base, an aqueous dispersion of organic-inorganic hybrid particles having a uniform particle size and an arbitrary particle size can be obtained.
In the present invention, the inorganic or organic particles prepared separately can be used as a core, and the surface can be coated with the hybrid of the present invention to facilitate particle formation or reduce the cost.

本発明の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子を製造する方法は、水中へのアニオン性基を有する樹脂の乳化プロセスを用いて、金属アルコキシドやその加水分解縮合物、例えば金属酸化物ゾルを含有した樹脂の乳化液滴を形成し、該液的中で金属アルコキシドの加水分解、重縮合によるゲル化反応を起こすことによって有機無機ハイブリッド粒子を形成する方法を用いる。
本発明の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子を製造する方法としては、以下二通りの方法で、有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水性分散体を作製してのち、液体成分を除去して製造することが好ましい。
The method for producing the organic-inorganic hybrid particles of the present invention uses an emulsification process of a resin having an anionic group in water, and an emulsion of a resin containing a metal alkoxide or a hydrolysis condensate thereof, for example, a metal oxide sol. A method of forming organic and inorganic hybrid particles by forming droplets and causing a gelation reaction by hydrolysis and polycondensation of metal alkoxide in the liquid is used.
As a method for producing the organic-inorganic hybrid particles of the present invention, it is preferable to produce an aqueous dispersion of organic-inorganic hybrid particles by the following two methods and then remove the liquid component.

(1)先ず、アニオン性基を有する樹脂と金属アルコキシドを含有する複合粒子を形成するために、アニオン性基を有する樹脂と金属アルコキシドと塩基を含有する水混和性有機溶剤溶液に水を加えて乳化させる。具体的には、アニオン性基を有する樹脂を水混和性有機溶剤溶液に溶解し、この時点で必要に応じて無機又は有機の不溶性の粒子を混練によって分散し、その後塩基を添加して速やかに金属アルコキシドを加えるか、金属アルコキシド・塩基の水混和性有機溶剤溶液を加えて攪拌する。その後、水を少しずつ加えて樹脂を乳化させて樹脂と金属アルコキシドの複合粒子化を行う。金属アルコキシドはそのままでもアニオン性基を有する樹脂中で加水分解や重縮合反応してゲル化が進行して有機無機ハイブリッド粒子となるが、有機溶剤を留去することによって一層ゲル化が進行して強固な有機無機ハイブリッド粒子となる。この時、更にオートクレーブ等で高温環境に置くことで、金属酸化物を含有する、より強固な有機無機ハイブリッド粒子となる。   (1) First, in order to form composite particles containing a resin having an anionic group and a metal alkoxide, water is added to a water-miscible organic solvent solution containing a resin having an anionic group, a metal alkoxide and a base. Emulsify. Specifically, a resin having an anionic group is dissolved in a water-miscible organic solvent solution, and if necessary, inorganic or organic insoluble particles are dispersed by kneading, and then a base is added and promptly added. Add metal alkoxide or add water-miscible organic solvent solution of metal alkoxide / base and stir. Thereafter, water is added little by little to emulsify the resin, thereby forming composite particles of the resin and the metal alkoxide. Even if the metal alkoxide is left as it is, it undergoes hydrolysis or polycondensation reaction in a resin having an anionic group, and gelation proceeds to form organic-inorganic hybrid particles. However, gelation further proceeds by distilling off the organic solvent. It becomes strong organic-inorganic hybrid particles. At this time, by placing it in a high-temperature environment with an autoclave or the like, stronger organic-inorganic hybrid particles containing a metal oxide are obtained.

(2)先ず、アニオン性基を有する樹脂と金属アルコキシドを含有する複合粒子を形成するために、金属アルコキシドと塩基と水混和性有機溶剤を含有する水溶液中で、アニオン性基を有する樹脂を乳化させる。具体的には、金属アルコキシドと塩基と水混和性有機溶剤の水溶液に、必要に応じて無機又は有機の不溶性の粒子を分散させた樹脂を入れ、攪拌を行い樹脂の乳化を行う。この時金属アルコキシドが樹脂中に取り込まれ、、樹脂と金属アルコキシドの複合粒子化が生じる。金属アルコキシドはそのままでもアニオン性基を有する樹脂の酸基により加水分解や重縮合反応が促進してゲル化が進行して有機無機ハイブリッド粒子となるが、有機溶剤を留去することによって一層ゲル化が進行して強固な有機無機ハイブリッド粒子となる。この時、更にオートクレーブ等で高温環境に置くことで、金属酸化物を含有する、より強固な有機無機ハイブリッド粒子となる。
本製造方法は樹脂に取り込まれる前に水と接触し、金属アルコキシドによっては加水分解が生じやすくなるので後述の加水分解抑制剤の使用が好ましい。
上記製造工程に関しては金属アルコキシドにかえて、あるいは金属アルコキシドとともに金属アルコキシドの加水分解縮合生成物を用いることも出来る、
また金属アルコキシドを加水分解し、縮合する過程においては必要に応じて酸触媒、または塩基触媒をもちいることができる。酸触媒としては、塩酸、硫酸、リン酸等の無機酸、酢酸等のカルボン酸類等公知のものが使用可能であるが、酸価を有する樹脂も酸触媒として機能しうる。また塩基触媒としては公知のものが使用されるが、アニオン性基を有する樹脂を水性分散体とするための乳化用の塩基の一部を塩基触媒として用いることもできる。
上記製造方法においてはアニオン性基を有する樹脂を使用しているため、分散性が良好で水中で安定した乳化状態が形成される。このため乳化状態の維持のための乳化剤が不要であり、強力な攪拌をせずとも樹脂中に多価金属アルコキシドやその加水分解縮合生成物を取り込んだ状態で安定に乳化が進行する。このため球形度の高い粒径の揃った粒子を形成することが可能である。特に自己水分散性樹脂であった酸価10〜200の樹脂をもちいることが好ましく、酸価50〜200の樹脂を用いることがさらに好ましい。
(2) First, in order to form composite particles containing a resin having an anionic group and a metal alkoxide, the resin having an anionic group is emulsified in an aqueous solution containing a metal alkoxide, a base, and a water-miscible organic solvent. Let Specifically, a resin in which inorganic or organic insoluble particles are dispersed is added to an aqueous solution of a metal alkoxide, a base, and a water-miscible organic solvent as necessary, and the resin is emulsified by stirring. At this time, the metal alkoxide is taken into the resin and composite particles of the resin and the metal alkoxide are generated. Even if the metal alkoxide is left as it is, the acid group of the resin having an anionic group promotes hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction, and gelation proceeds to form organic-inorganic hybrid particles. Progresses to strong organic-inorganic hybrid particles. At this time, by placing it in a high-temperature environment with an autoclave or the like, stronger organic-inorganic hybrid particles containing a metal oxide are obtained.
Since this production method comes into contact with water before it is taken into the resin and hydrolysis tends to occur depending on the metal alkoxide, the use of a hydrolysis inhibitor described later is preferred.
Regarding the above production process, a hydrolytic condensation product of a metal alkoxide can be used in place of the metal alkoxide or together with the metal alkoxide.
In the process of hydrolyzing and condensing the metal alkoxide, an acid catalyst or a base catalyst can be used as necessary. As the acid catalyst, known acids such as inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and carboxylic acids such as acetic acid can be used, but a resin having an acid value can also function as an acid catalyst. Moreover, although a well-known thing is used as a base catalyst, a part of base for emulsification for making resin which has anionic group into an aqueous dispersion can also be used as a base catalyst.
In the above production method, since an anionic group-containing resin is used, an emulsified state having good dispersibility and stable in water is formed. For this reason, an emulsifier for maintaining the emulsified state is unnecessary, and the emulsification proceeds stably in a state where the polyvalent metal alkoxide and its hydrolysis condensation product are incorporated into the resin without vigorous stirring. For this reason, it is possible to form particles having a high sphericity and a uniform particle diameter. In particular, it is preferable to use a resin having an acid value of 10 to 200, which is a self-water dispersible resin, and it is more preferable to use a resin having an acid value of 50 to 200.

上記二つの製造方法によって得られた有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水性分散体をさらに加熱し、ゲル化をさらに進行させてから液体成分を除去して有機無機ハイブリッド粒子を製造することもできる。
本製造方法は金属アルコキシドが樹脂に取り込まれる前に水と接触し、加水分解が生じやすくなるので、均一な複合粒子を作製するために後述の加水分解抑制剤の使用が好ましい。
It is also possible to produce organic-inorganic hybrid particles by further heating the aqueous dispersion of organic-inorganic hybrid particles obtained by the above-mentioned two production methods to further proceed with gelation and then removing the liquid component.
Since this production method comes into contact with water before the metal alkoxide is incorporated into the resin and hydrolysis tends to occur, the use of a hydrolysis inhibitor described later is preferable in order to produce uniform composite particles.

前記製造方法の際に用いられるアニオン性基を有する樹脂を溶解するための水混和性有機溶剤としては、例えばアセトン、ジメチルケトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン系溶剤、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール系溶剤、酢酸エチルエステル等のエステル系溶剤、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル等のグリコールエーテル系溶剤、アミド類等、樹脂を溶解して、単独あるいは他の有機溶剤との組合せで水混和性があるものであれば使用可能である。樹脂成分がアクリル系樹脂の場合にはケトン系溶剤とアルコール系から、それぞれ少なくとも1種類以上を選んで組み合わせて用いることにより良好な水性分散体を得ることができる。このように、乳化時に金属アルコキシドの加水分解を抑制し、樹脂と金属アルコキシドが均一に混じるようにするためにアルコールの併用は特に好ましい。
かかる有機溶剤の使用量は、本発明における効果を達成すれば特に規定されないが、樹脂/該有機溶剤の重量比が1/1〜1/20となるような量が好ましい。
Examples of the water-miscible organic solvent for dissolving the resin having an anionic group used in the production method include ketone solvents such as acetone, dimethyl ketone, and methyl ethyl ketone, and alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. Solvents, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, glycol ether solvents such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, amides, and other resins can be dissolved in water and used alone or in combination with other organic solvents. If there is, it can be used. When the resin component is an acrylic resin, a good aqueous dispersion can be obtained by using a combination of at least one or more selected from a ketone solvent and an alcohol solvent. Thus, in order to suppress hydrolysis of the metal alkoxide during emulsification and to allow the resin and the metal alkoxide to be mixed uniformly, the combined use of alcohol is particularly preferable.
The amount of the organic solvent used is not particularly defined as long as the effect of the present invention is achieved, but is preferably an amount such that the weight ratio of resin / organic solvent is 1/1 to 1/20.

前記したアルコールアミン(塩基)やアルコール(有機溶剤)以外の加水分解抑制剤として、例えば、アセチルアセトン・アセト酢酸エステル・ジアセト酢酸アルキルエステルの如きキレート化剤、アセトイン、ジエチレングリコール・ポリエチレングリコール等のポリオールが好適である。   As hydrolysis inhibitors other than the alcohol amine (base) and alcohol (organic solvent) described above, for example, chelating agents such as acetylacetone, acetoacetate ester, diacetoacetate alkyl ester, and polyols such as acetoin, diethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol are suitable. It is.

前記製造方法で得られた有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水性分散体は、そのまま分散体として利用することもできるが、水や有機溶剤等の液体成分を完全に除いて粉体として用いても良い。また粉体を更に数百度以上の温度で焼成したり、有機成分を湿式酸化したり、有機溶剤で可溶成分を除去することによって非常に多孔質で表面活性の大きい無機粒子が得られる。特に金属アルコキシドとは異なる元素の多価金属イオンで粒子がイオン架橋された有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の焼成は、異種金属が均一にドープされた多孔質の無機粒子を容易に得ることが可能になる。
前記した製造方法に準じて得た有機無機ハイブリッド粒子からなる研磨用粒子を含む水性分散体は、これをそのまま水性の研磨剤スラリーとして用いる場合は出来るだけ乳化後に水より低い沸点を有する有機溶剤を除去する工程を導入して調製しておくことが望ましく、これによって研磨用粒子の溶解・膨潤がなくなり、優れた研磨能力と安定した水性分散体が得られる。
本発明により得られる有機無機ハイブリッド粒子および有機無機ハイブリッド粒子から有機成分を除去して得られる無機粒子は、例えばスペーサー、液体クロマトグラフィー充填剤、化粧品、樹脂組成物、塗料、磁性材料、臨床診断薬等の幅広い分野で好適に使用され得る。
The aqueous dispersion of organic-inorganic hybrid particles obtained by the above production method can be used as a dispersion as it is, but it may be used as a powder by completely removing liquid components such as water and organic solvent. Further, extremely porous inorganic particles having high surface activity can be obtained by further baking the powder at a temperature of several hundred degrees or more, wet-oxidizing organic components, or removing soluble components with an organic solvent. In particular, firing of organic-inorganic hybrid particles in which particles are ion-crosslinked with polyvalent metal ions of an element different from metal alkoxide makes it possible to easily obtain porous inorganic particles uniformly doped with different metals.
An aqueous dispersion containing abrasive particles composed of organic-inorganic hybrid particles obtained in accordance with the above-described production method, when used as it is as an aqueous abrasive slurry, an organic solvent having a boiling point lower than that of water as much as possible after emulsification. It is desirable to prepare by introducing a step of removing, whereby the dissolution and swelling of the abrasive particles are eliminated, and an excellent polishing ability and a stable aqueous dispersion can be obtained.
Organic-inorganic hybrid particles obtained by the present invention and inorganic particles obtained by removing organic components from organic-inorganic hybrid particles include, for example, spacers, liquid chromatography fillers, cosmetics, resin compositions, paints, magnetic materials, clinical diagnostic agents It can be suitably used in a wide range of fields.

次に実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明を更に具体的に説明する。尚、以下の実施例中における「部」は『質量部』を表わす。   Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples. In the following examples, “part” represents “part by mass”.

(実施例1)
スチレンアクリル酸樹脂(スチレン/アクリル酸/アクリル酸2エチルヘキシルエステル=77/13/10;酸価100;分子量4万)10部をメチルエチルケトン50部に溶解する。得られた樹脂溶液にCe(O−i−C10部、メチルエチルケトン40部、イソプロピルアルコール40部、トリエタノールアミン2.7部(樹脂のアニオン性基の中和率100%に相当する量)の混合溶液を撹拌しながら純水420部を毎分5mlの速度で滴下し、分散液を得た。その後ロータリーエバポレーターを用いてメチルエチルケトンとイソプロピルアルコールと水の一部を留去して固形分10%の水分散体を得た後、オートクレーブ中で80℃24時間加熱攪拌後、遠心分離で粗大粒子を除去して有機無機ハイブリッド粒子脂粒子水性分散体とした。得られた有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の体積平均粒径は120nmで粒径の均一性が良く、沈降物も無く分散は安定であった。
(Example 1)
10 parts of a styrene acrylic resin (styrene / acrylic acid / acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester = 77/13/10; acid value 100; molecular weight 40,000) are dissolved in 50 parts of methyl ethyl ketone. 10 parts of Ce (Oi-C 3 H 7 ) 4 , 40 parts of methyl ethyl ketone, 40 parts of isopropyl alcohol, 2.7 parts of triethanolamine (100% neutralization rate of anionic groups of the resin) 420 parts of pure water was added dropwise at a rate of 5 ml / min while stirring a corresponding amount of the mixed solution to obtain a dispersion. Thereafter, methyl ethyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol and a part of water were distilled off using a rotary evaporator to obtain an aqueous dispersion having a solid content of 10%, and after heating and stirring in an autoclave at 80 ° C. for 24 hours, coarse particles were removed by centrifugation. The organic-inorganic hybrid particle fat particle aqueous dispersion was removed. The obtained organic-inorganic hybrid particles had a volume average particle size of 120 nm, good particle size uniformity, no sediment, and stable dispersion.

(実施例2)
アクリル酸樹脂(アクリル酸/アクリル酸メチル/アクリル酸2エチルヘキシルエステル=13/82/5;酸価98;分子量4万)10部をメチルエチルケトン50部に溶解する。得られた樹脂溶液にTi(O−i−C10部、メチルエチルケトン40部、イソプロピルアルコール40部、トリエタノールアミン2.6部(樹脂のアニオン性基の中和率100%に相当する量)の組成の混合物を撹拌しながら純水420部を毎分5mlの速度で滴下し、分散液を得た。その後ロータリーエバポレーターを用いてメチルエチルケトンとエタノールと水の一部を留去して固形分10%の水分散体を得た後、オートクレーブ中で80℃24時間加熱攪拌後、遠心分離で粗大粒子を除去して有機無機ハイブリッド粒子脂粒子水性分散体とした。得られた有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の体積平均粒径は1.5μmで粒径の均一性が良く、沈降物も少なく分散は安定であった。得られた分散体を完全に乾燥し、400℃で焼成を行い、有機成分が抜けた酸化チタンの多孔質パウダーが得られた。
(Example 2)
10 parts of acrylic acid resin (acrylic acid / methyl acrylate / acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester = 13/82/5; acid value 98; molecular weight 40,000) are dissolved in 50 parts of methyl ethyl ketone. To the obtained resin solution, 10 parts of Ti (Oi-C 3 H 7 ) 4 , 40 parts of methyl ethyl ketone, 40 parts of isopropyl alcohol, 2.6 parts of triethanolamine (to 100% neutralization rate of anionic group of resin) While stirring a corresponding amount of the composition, 420 parts of pure water was added dropwise at a rate of 5 ml / min to obtain a dispersion. After that, a part of methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol and water was distilled off using a rotary evaporator to obtain an aqueous dispersion with a solid content of 10%. After heating and stirring in an autoclave at 80 ° C. for 24 hours, coarse particles were removed by centrifugation. Thus, an organic-inorganic hybrid particle fat particle aqueous dispersion was obtained. The obtained organic-inorganic hybrid particles had a volume average particle size of 1.5 μm, good uniformity in particle size, little sediment, and stable dispersion. The obtained dispersion was completely dried and baked at 400 ° C. to obtain a porous titanium oxide powder from which organic components were removed.

(実施例3)
Si(O−C12部、メチルエチルケトン22部、エタノール10部、アセチルアセトン11部、トリエタノールアミン4部(樹脂アニオン性基に対して中和率100モル%相当量)、ジエチレングリコール10部、純水160部からなる組成の混合物を攪拌しながらスチレンアクリル酸樹脂(スチレン/アクリル酸/メタアクリル酸=70/17/13;酸価161;分子量4万3千)10部を加え、乳化物を得た。その後ロータリーエバポレーターを用いてメチルエチルケトンとエタノールとアセチルアセトンと水の一部を留去して固形分10%、水分散体を得た後、オートクレーブ中で80℃24時間加熱攪拌後、遠心分離で粗大粒子を除去して有機無機ハイブリッド粒子脂粒子水性分散体とした。得られた有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の体積平均粒径は150nmで粒子形の均一性が良く、沈降物も無く分散は安定であった。
(Example 3)
12 parts of Si (O—C 2 H 5 ) 4 , 22 parts of methyl ethyl ketone, 10 parts of ethanol, 11 parts of acetylacetone, 4 parts of triethanolamine (equivalent to a neutralization rate of 100 mol% with respect to the resin anionic group), diethylene glycol 10 10 parts of styrene acrylic acid resin (styrene / acrylic acid / methacrylic acid = 70/17/13; acid value 161; molecular weight 43,000) was added while stirring a mixture having a composition consisting of 160 parts of pure water. An emulsion was obtained. Then, using a rotary evaporator, methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, acetylacetone and a part of water were distilled off to obtain a 10% solids and water dispersion, and then heated and stirred in an autoclave at 80 ° C. for 24 hours, and then coarse particles by centrifugation. Was removed to obtain an organic-inorganic hybrid particle fat particle aqueous dispersion. The obtained organic-inorganic hybrid particles had a volume average particle size of 150 nm, good particle shape uniformity, no sediment, and stable dispersion.

以上実施例に示したように、粒径の均一性に優れ分散性の良好な有機無機ハイブリッド粒子を作製することができた。   As shown in the examples above, organic-inorganic hybrid particles having excellent particle size uniformity and good dispersibility could be produced.

本発明の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子は,その機械強度を利用する研磨剤・耐摩耗コーティング材あるいは成型物・接着剤,その光学的な性質を利用する各種光学フィルム・光通信材料,その電気特性や耐熱性を利用する半導体封止材等の電子材料やその他複合材料等,粒子単独あるいは塗料として様々な産業上の利用が可能である。
また,有機無機ハイブリッド粒子を焼成して得られる多孔質セラミックとして,センサー・太陽電池・光触媒等の電子材料分野,濾過材・吸着剤等の一般工業分野,バイオセラミックスとして医薬・医療分野等,様々な産業上の利用が可能である。
The organic / inorganic hybrid particles of the present invention are composed of abrasive / abrasion-resistant coating materials or molded articles / adhesives that use their mechanical strength, various optical films / optical communication materials that use their optical properties, their electrical properties and heat resistance. It can be used in various industries as particles alone or as a paint, such as electronic materials such as semiconductor encapsulating materials and other composite materials.
In addition, various porous ceramics obtained by firing organic-inorganic hybrid particles include electronic materials such as sensors, solar cells and photocatalysts, general industrial fields such as filter media and adsorbents, and bioceramics such as pharmaceuticals and medical fields. Industrial use is possible.

Claims (11)

アニオン性基を有する樹脂と、金属アルコキシドの反応ゲルを含有する有機無機ハイブリッド粒子。 Organic-inorganic hybrid particles containing a reaction gel of a resin having an anionic group and a metal alkoxide. 前記アニオン性基を有する樹脂中の該アニオン性基の少なくとも一部が、塩基と対イオンを形成している請求項1に記載の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子。 The organic-inorganic hybrid particle according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the anionic group in the resin having an anionic group forms a counter ion with a base. 前記アニオン性基を有する樹脂の酸価が、10から200である請求項1または2に記載の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子。 The organic-inorganic hybrid particle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the resin having an anionic group has an acid value of 10 to 200. 前記アニオン性基を有する樹脂の該アニオン性基が、カルボキシル基である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子。 The organic-inorganic hybrid particle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the anionic group of the resin having an anionic group is a carboxyl group. 前記アニオン性基を有する樹脂が、スチレン、置換スチレン、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、ヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリル酸エステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つのモノマーと、(メタ)アクリル酸との共重合体である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子。 The resin having the anionic group is a copolymer of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, substituted styrene, (meth) acrylic acid ester, and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylic acid ester, and (meth) acrylic acid. The organic-inorganic hybrid particle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is a coalescence. 前記アニオン性基を有する樹脂の該アニオン性基の一部が、多価金属イオンで架橋されている請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子。 The organic-inorganic hybrid particle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a part of the anionic group of the resin having an anionic group is crosslinked with a polyvalent metal ion. 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の有機無機ハイブリッド粒子からの有機成分の除去によって得られることを特徴とする無機粒子。 Inorganic particles obtained by removing organic components from the organic-inorganic hybrid particles according to any one of claims 1 to 6. アニオン性基を有する樹脂と金属アルコキシドと塩基を含有する水混和性有機溶剤溶液に、水を加えて乳化させて、樹脂と金属アルコキシドを含有する複合粒子の分散体を作製することを特徴とする有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水性分散体の製造方法。 A dispersion of composite particles containing a resin and a metal alkoxide is prepared by adding water to a water-miscible organic solvent solution containing a resin having an anionic group, a metal alkoxide, and a base and emulsifying the solution. A method for producing an aqueous dispersion of organic-inorganic hybrid particles. 金属アルコキシドと塩基と水混和性有機溶剤を含有する水溶液中で、アニオン性基を有する樹脂を乳化させて、樹脂と金属アルコキシドを含有する複合粒子の分散体を作製することを特徴とする有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水性分散体の製造方法。 An organic-inorganic material characterized by emulsifying a resin having an anionic group in an aqueous solution containing a metal alkoxide, a base, and a water-miscible organic solvent to produce a composite particle dispersion containing the resin and the metal alkoxide. A method for producing an aqueous dispersion of hybrid particles. 請求項8または請求項9に記載の製造方法によって製造された有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水性分散体から液体成分を除去する工程を有する有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の製造方法。 The manufacturing method of the organic inorganic hybrid particle which has the process of removing a liquid component from the aqueous dispersion of the organic inorganic hybrid particle manufactured by the manufacturing method of Claim 8 or Claim 9. 請求項8または請求項9に記載の製造方法によって製造された有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の水性分散体の加熱により、金属アルコキシドのゲル化を進行させる工程を有する有機無機ハイブリッド粒子の製造方法。


The manufacturing method of the organic inorganic hybrid particle which has the process of making gelatinization of a metal alkoxide advance by the heating of the aqueous dispersion of the organic inorganic hybrid particle manufactured by the manufacturing method of Claim 8 or Claim 9.


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JP2008256734A (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-23 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Flexible substrate for liquid crystal display device
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