JP2005161588A - Flame retardant woody material and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
Flame retardant woody material and its manufacturing methodInfo
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Abstract
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本発明は、建物の内装材乃至構造材等に使用される難燃性木質材、詳細には木材の強度を低下させずに難燃性を高め、更に抗菌性、消臭性、光触媒機能及びマイナスイオン発生機能などを付加した機能性に富む難燃性木質材及びその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a flame-retardant wood material used for interior materials or structural materials of buildings, and more specifically, to increase flame resistance without reducing the strength of wood, and further to antibacterial, deodorant, photocatalytic function and The present invention relates to a flame-retardant wood material rich in functionality to which a negative ion generation function and the like are added and a method for producing the same.
火災による被害は主に木材の燃焼によりもたらされることから、木材の難燃化は極めて重要である。従来、木材を難燃化するために液状の難燃剤を含浸する技術は周知である(特許文献1及び特許文献2参照)。しかし、従来の難燃剤を含浸させる方法は、加圧下又は減圧装置にて浸漬と乾燥を繰り返し行うことから、多大なエネルギーと、処理に長時間を要する点で問題があった。また、含浸処理の対象となる木材は主として杉、檜、唐松、えぞ松などの単一材に限られ、且つ、板状の木材は含浸処理後の変形が著しく、そのために処理後に補修製材工程が必要となり、歩留まりを低下させ無駄が大きいという問題があった。更に、含浸処理のみでは、難燃剤が浸透する深度に限界があり、特に木材の節の部分は、密度が高い上に天然樹脂分が多く含まれるために難燃剤が浸透しにくく、よって難燃剤の含浸ムラが生じ、火災の際に、先ずこの樹木の節部に点火すると共に節部に多く貯留される天然樹脂成分が加熱されて可燃ガスを発生して延焼を助長する原因になることが分かった。従って、仮に難燃試験で節のない部分で試験をして、難燃材乃至準不燃材と認められたとしても、現実の建造物に使用される木材の中で、節がない木材を使用する例は希であることから、現実に即して使用される節のある木材であっても、なおかつ難燃ムラが生じない木材の開発が求められていた。
一般に木材の燃焼は、最初に木材の表層部が熱によって低分子量の可燃性物質に分解され、これが酸化反応を繰り返して燃焼する。従って、木材を難燃化乃至不燃化するには、水酸化物のように、ある温度域で吸熱反応を起こす物質により前記の分解乃至酸化反応を抑止するか、又は酸素の供給を遮断するか、或いは可燃性物質を発生しないように熱分解を速やかに進行させて木材を炭化させることなどが考えられる。また、建物の内装材乃至構造材等に使用される木材は、強度が使用に耐え得るばかりでなく、その建物を使用する人に快適な環境を提供するための意匠的乃至機能的に優れた特性が要求される。しかし、従来の難燃性木材は、前記のように必ずしも満足できるものではなく、意匠的乃至機能的に優れた難燃性木質材を求める要望が強かった。 In general, in the combustion of wood, the surface layer of wood is first decomposed by heat into a low-molecular-weight combustible substance, which burns by repeating an oxidation reaction. Therefore, in order to make wood incombustible or non-combustible, it is necessary to suppress the decomposition or oxidation reaction by a substance that causes an endothermic reaction in a certain temperature range, such as hydroxide, or to cut off the supply of oxygen. Alternatively, the wood may be carbonized by promptly proceeding with thermal decomposition so as not to generate a flammable substance. In addition, the wood used for the interior materials and structural materials of buildings is not only strong enough to withstand the use, but also excellent in design and functionality to provide a comfortable environment for people who use the buildings. Characteristics are required. However, the conventional flame-retardant wood is not always satisfactory as described above, and there has been a strong demand for a flame-retardant wood material excellent in design and function.
本願発明者は木材の燃焼について鋭意研究し、木材の燃焼の開始点となる表層部に注目し、特に節のある木材の難燃剤の含浸ムラを解消するために、木材の表層部に難燃化物質を所定の間隔をおいて埋め込むことによって、燃焼の連鎖を絶ち、極めて難燃効果を高めることを知見して本発明を想到するに至ったものであり、本発明は、前記のような問題点を解消し、木材の種類や形状に無関係に適用可能であり、木材の節などによるムラの発生も無く、且つ構造材としての強度を保持するとともに化粧材としての意匠性や機能性にも優れた難燃性木質材を提供することを目的とする。 The inventor of the present application diligently studied the combustion of wood, and focused on the surface layer portion, which is the starting point of wood combustion, and in particular, in order to eliminate uneven impregnation of the flame retardant of wood with nodal flame, The present invention has been conceived by discovering that by embedding a chemical substance at a predetermined interval, the chain of combustion is interrupted and the flame retardancy effect is extremely enhanced. It can be applied regardless of the type and shape of the wood, eliminating the unevenness caused by the nodes of the wood, maintaining the strength as a structural material and improving the design and functionality as a cosmetic material Another object is to provide an excellent flame-retardant wooden material.
前記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、木質系基材に難燃剤を塗布乃至含浸させるとともに、木質系基材の表層部の一部乃至全面に難燃化物質を埋め込んだことを特徴とする難燃性木質材とする(請求項1)。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is characterized in that a flame retardant is applied to or impregnated into a wooden base material, and a flame retardant material is embedded in a part or the entire surface of the wooden base material. (1).
また、前記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、木質系基材に難燃剤を塗布乃至含浸させるとともに、木質系基材の表層部の一部乃至全面に難燃化物質を埋め込み、該木質系基材の少なくとも難燃化物質を埋め込んだ面の一部乃至全面に接着剤層を介して表皮材を積層してなる難燃性木質材とする(請求項2)。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention applies a flame retardant to or impregnates a wood base material, and embeds a flame retardant material on a part or the entire surface of the wood base material. A flame-retardant wood material is obtained by laminating a skin material through an adhesive layer on at least a part or the entire surface of a wood-based base material in which a flame-retardant material is embedded (Claim 2).
また、前記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、前記難燃化物質は、難燃剤又は難燃剤と天然高分子系乃至合成樹脂系ビヒクルを含む組成物であることを特徴とする前記の難燃性木質材とすることが好ましい(請求項3)。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is characterized in that the flame retardant material is a flame retardant or a composition containing a flame retardant and a natural polymer or synthetic resin vehicle. It is preferable to use a flame-retardant wood material (Claim 3).
また、前記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、前記難燃化物質は、イントメッセント(intumescent)系物質であることを特徴とする前記の難燃性木質材とすることが好ましい(請求項4)。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention preferably uses the flame-retardant wood material, wherein the flame-retardant material is an intumescent material ( Claim 4).
また、前記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、前記木質系基材に積層される表皮材は、難燃性とともに抗菌性、防カビ性、防腐性、防虫性、防汚性、消臭性、光触媒機能及びマイナスイオン発生機能の中の少なくとも何れか一種を具備するように施されてなることを特徴とする前記の難燃性木質材とすることが好ましい(請求項5)。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a skin material laminated on the wooden base material that is flame retardant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, insecticidal, antifouling, antiseptic, The flame-retardant wood material is preferably provided so as to have at least one of odor, photocatalytic function, and negative ion generation function (Claim 5).
また、前記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、木質系基材に難燃剤を塗布乃至含浸する工程と、木質系基材の表層部に所定の間隔をおいて難燃化物質を埋め込むための孔乃至溝を形成する工程と、前記孔乃至溝に難燃化物質を充填する工程と、前記木質系基材の難燃化物質を埋め込んだ面に接着剤層を介して表皮材を積層する工程と、を備えたことを特徴とする難燃性木質材の製造方法とする(請求項6)。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention includes a step of applying or impregnating a flame retardant to a wooden base material, and embedding a flame retardant material at a predetermined interval in a surface layer portion of the wooden base material. A step of forming holes or grooves for the purpose, a step of filling the holes or grooves with a flame retardant material, and a skin material through an adhesive layer on the surface of the wood base material embedded with the flame retardant material And a step of laminating the flame retardant wood material.
本発明の難燃性木質材は、前記のように木材の燃焼の開始点となる表層部に難燃化物質を埋め込むことによって、燃焼の連鎖を絶ち、極めて難燃効果が高いばかりでなく、木材の種類や形状を選ばず、断面が円形、矩形、薄板等あらゆる木質材に適用可能であり、且つ構造材としての強度を充分保持するとともに化粧材としての意匠性に加えて、光触媒による防汚性やマイナスイオン発生に伴う環境の浄化、抗菌剤によるウィルスや雑菌からの保護衛生性等、多機能性に富み、また、従来の大規模な含浸装置が不要なことから、生産コストも廉価で経済的にもきわめて優れた効果を奏する。特に、従来から懸案となっていた木材の節部の難燃ムラに起因する火災の発生乃至炎症が有効に防止できる点において、画期的発明といえる。 The flame-retardant wood material of the present invention, as described above, by embedding a flame-retardant material in the surface layer portion that is the starting point of wood combustion, breaks the chain of combustion, not only has a very high flame-retardant effect, Regardless of the type and shape of the wood, it can be applied to all types of wooden materials such as circular, rectangular, and thin cross-sections. In addition to maintaining sufficient strength as a structural material, it can be protected by a photocatalyst. Rich in functionality such as cleanup of the environment due to fouling and negative ion generation, protection and hygiene from viruses and bacteria by antibacterial agents, and no need for conventional large-scale impregnation equipment, so production cost is low It is also very effective economically. In particular, it is an epoch-making invention in that it can effectively prevent the occurrence of fire or inflammation due to the non-flammability unevenness of the wood node, which has been a concern.
本発明を実施するための最良の形態について、以下に詳細に説明する。
本発明に係る難燃性木質材は、難燃剤を含浸させた木質系基材の表層部の一部乃至全面に難燃化物質を所定の間隔をおいて埋め込んだことを特徴とする難燃性木質材、或いは、難燃剤を含浸した木質系基材の表層部に難燃化物質を埋め込み、該木質系基材の難燃化物質を埋め込んだ面に難燃性接着剤層を介して難燃性表皮材を積層してなる。本発明に使用される木質系基材として、例えば杉、檜、松、ケナフ、竹等の草系植物などあらゆる木材に適用可能であり、単一材、寄せ木、合板、パーチクルボード、再生回収木材の破砕材を固着して形成した集成材、新木材チップなど、種類や形状において特に限定されるものではない。また、本発明で使用される「難燃」と称する意味は「不燃」も含み、「凡そ可燃物を燃えにくくする」という意味に広く適用されるものである。
The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail below.
A flame-retardant wood material according to the present invention is characterized in that a flame-retardant material is embedded at a predetermined interval in a part or the entire surface of a wooden base material impregnated with a flame retardant. A flame retardant material is embedded in the surface layer of a wood base material impregnated with a flame retardant wood material or a flame retardant, and the surface of the wood base material embedded with the flame retardant material is interposed through a flame retardant adhesive layer. Laminated flame retardant skin material. As the woody base material used in the present invention, it can be applied to all kinds of wood such as cedar, straw, pine, kenaf, bamboo, etc., and can be applied to single wood, parquet, plywood, particle board, recycled recovered wood. There are no particular limitations on the type and shape of the laminated wood, new wood chips, etc., formed by adhering the crushed material. Further, the meaning of “flame retardant” used in the present invention includes “non-flammable” and is widely applied to the meaning of “to make flammables difficult to burn”.
表層部に埋め込まれる難燃化物質は、難燃剤乃至不燃剤等として使用される物質であって特に限定されるものではないが、例えば水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、ベーマイト(アルミナ水和物)、水酸化カリウム、水酸化アンモニウム、ホウ酸、ホウ酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム、リン酸メラミン及び三酸化アンチモンから選ばれる何れか一種乃至これらを組み合わせた難燃剤が好ましい。木材の着火温度は約250℃であり、前記難燃剤の吸熱反応のピーク温度は、水酸化アルミニウムは約200℃〜300℃であり、水酸化マグネシウムは約320℃〜380℃であり、カルシウムアルミネート水和物は約250℃近辺であり、ベーマイト(アルミナ水和物)は約450℃〜540℃である。水酸化アルミニウム、カルシウムアルミネート水和物、水酸化マグネシウム、ベーマイト(アルミナ水和物)を適宜割合で混合した難燃剤は、木材が加熱されて分解発生する低分子量の可燃性物質が酸化反応の連鎖により燃焼する一連の反応を断ち切り、難燃効果を増大することから特に好ましい。 The flame retardant material embedded in the surface layer is a material used as a flame retardant or a flame retardant and is not particularly limited. For example, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, boehmite (alumina hydrate) A flame retardant comprising any one selected from potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, boric acid, ammonium borate, ammonium phosphate, melamine phosphate and antimony trioxide or a combination thereof is preferable. The ignition temperature of wood is about 250 ° C, the peak temperature of the endothermic reaction of the flame retardant is about 200 ° C to 300 ° C for aluminum hydroxide, about 320 ° C to 380 ° C for magnesium hydroxide, and calcium aluminum Nate hydrate is around 250 ° C and boehmite (alumina hydrate) is about 450 ° C to 540 ° C. A flame retardant mixed with aluminum hydroxide, calcium aluminate hydrate, magnesium hydroxide, and boehmite (alumina hydrate) in an appropriate ratio is a low molecular weight flammable substance that decomposes when the wood is heated. This is particularly preferable because it interrupts a series of reactions burned by a chain and increases the flame retardant effect.
本発明の実施の形態においては、前記の難燃剤をそのまま木材の表層部に埋め込んでもよいが、通常は、前記の難燃剤と天然高分子系乃至合成樹脂系ビヒクルを含む組成物として用いられる。ビヒクルとして用いられる天然高分子系乃至合成樹脂は、通常ユリア樹脂、メラミン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂や熱可塑性樹脂、燐タンパク質の一種のカゼイン等が用いられる。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the flame retardant may be embedded in the surface layer of wood as it is, but it is usually used as a composition containing the flame retardant and a natural polymer or synthetic resin vehicle. As the natural polymer or synthetic resin used as the vehicle, thermosetting resins such as urea resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, and epoxy resin, thermoplastic resin, a kind of casein of phosphoprotein, and the like are usually used.
前記難燃化物質に、イントメッセント(intumescent)系物質を用いることができる。イントメッセント系物質とは、燃焼が始まり加熱されるとともに材料表面に泡が吹き出し、泡状の断熱膨張層ができることによって材料表面の熱が内部に伝わらないようにするとともに酸素の供給を遮断して、もって熱分解と酸化反応を抑止して難燃化の作用をする物質をいう。イントメッセント系物質としては、反応性化合物として、例えばリン酸アンモニウム、リン酸メラミン等、泡の骨格形成剤として、例えばデキストリン等の炭化水素化合物、ペンタエリスリトール等の多官能アルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニル等の炭化水素化合物等、発泡剤として、例えば分解性アンモニウム塩、ジシアンアミド、メラミン等のアミド化合物等、ビヒクルとして、例えば水系合成エマルジョン、溶剤系のアルキド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等を組み合わせて用いるのが好ましい。 An intumescent material can be used as the flame retardant material. Intomescent substances are the beginning of combustion and heating, and bubbles blow out on the surface of the material, creating a foam-like adiabatic expansion layer so that the heat on the surface of the material is not transferred to the inside and the supply of oxygen is shut off. Therefore, it refers to a substance that acts as a flame retardant by inhibiting thermal decomposition and oxidation reaction. Intomescent substances include reactive compounds such as ammonium phosphate and melamine phosphate, foam skeleton forming agents such as hydrocarbon compounds such as dextrin, polyfunctional alcohols such as pentaerythritol, polyvinyl acetate, etc. It is preferable to use a combination of, for example, a water-based synthetic emulsion, a solvent-based alkyd resin, an epoxy resin, or the like as a foaming agent, for example, an amide compound such as a decomposable ammonium salt, dicyanamide, or melamine.
イントメッセント系物質のその他の例としては、ホウ酸リンアンモニウム、ホウ酸アンモニウム、ホウ酸、リン酸アンモニウム、重炭酸アンモニウム、ポリリン酸アンモニウム、セキ燐、硫酸アンモニウム、硫酸ナトリウム、リン酸メラミン、リン酸ユリア、カルシウムアルミネート水和物等があり、これらを適宜組み合わせて、また、前記のイントメッセントの役割分担を担う物質と共に使用することができる。 Other examples of intomescent substances include phosphoric acid ammonium borate, ammonium borate, boric acid, ammonium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium polyphosphate, sekirin, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, melamine phosphate, phosphoric acid There are urea, calcium aluminate hydrate, and the like, and these can be used in combination as appropriate and together with the substance responsible for the role sharing of the above-described intomesent.
前記の難燃性表皮材としては、特に限定されるものではないが、突き板、木材単板、織物、編物、不織布、その他の布帛、和紙等の紙類、ケナフ、竹等の草系植物、天然高分子系乃至合成樹脂製のフィルム乃至シートに模様を施し難燃剤を塗布乃至練込んだ難燃性材等があり、特に天然素材のシート状物が好ましい。素材そのものがガラス繊維などの不燃物や難燃性素材であってもよい。前記素材を染色乃至着色し模様を印刷してもよい。また、必要に応じて、マイナスイオン発生機能を有する物質、例えば微粒子状の石英斑岩、モナサイト、サンゴ、電気石等、光触媒能を有する物質、例えば二酸化チタン微粒子又はアパタイト処理した二酸化チタン微粒子等、抗菌剤、例えば銀粉、銅粉等、防カビ剤、例えばプリベントール、チアゾリン等、或いは消臭剤、例えば活性炭粉末等、防腐剤乃至防虫剤、例えば木酢液乃至竹酢液等を単独で又は適宜組み合わせてビヒクル、流動性改質剤等の添加剤と混練りして塗料を調製し、係る塗料を前記素材に混練し、或いは素材の表面に塗布乃至印刷を施してもよい。 The flame retardant skin material is not particularly limited, but veneer, wood veneer, woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, other fabrics, papers such as Japanese paper, grass-based plants such as kenaf and bamboo In addition, there are flame retardant materials in which a pattern is applied to a film or sheet made of a natural polymer or a synthetic resin, and a flame retardant is applied or kneaded, and a natural material sheet is particularly preferable. The material itself may be an incombustible material such as glass fiber or a flame retardant material. The material may be dyed or colored to print a pattern. In addition, if necessary, a substance having a function of generating negative ions, such as fine-grained quartz porphyry, monasite, coral, tourmaline, etc., a substance having a photocatalytic activity, such as titanium dioxide fine particles or apatite-treated titanium dioxide fine particles, etc. , Antibacterial agents such as silver powder, copper powder and the like, antifungal agents such as preventol, thiazoline and the like, or deodorants such as activated carbon powder, preservatives and insecticides such as wood vinegar liquid and bamboo vinegar liquid alone or A paint may be prepared by kneading with an additive such as a vehicle or a fluidity modifier in an appropriate combination, and the paint may be kneaded with the material or applied or printed on the surface of the material.
前記木質系基材及び難燃性表皮材の素材の難燃化に用いる難燃剤としては、例えばリン酸2アンモニウム、リン酸1アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム等の無機塩類や金属塩類が主として用いられる。木材に金属塩水溶液を含浸させて乾燥すると加熱しても炭化して焦げるだけで焔を発する燃焼は起こし難くなる。これは次の反応式に示すように、金属塩による木材の主成分であるセルロース(C6H10O5)nの脱水反応が起こり、炭化が促進されるためである。
(C6H10O5)n→6nC+5nH2O
前記の難燃剤の水溶液中に木質系基材を浸漬して木質系基材に難燃剤を含浸させて木質系基材を難燃化する。含浸方法は、常圧法又は加圧雰囲気下における木材の減圧装置を使用する方法の何れでもよく、更に、含浸液に少量の界面活性剤、アルコール等を混入し、或いは超音波を与えて木材内部への浸透性を高めてもよい。
As the flame retardant used for flame retarding the material of the woody base material and the flame retardant skin material, for example, inorganic salts such as diammonium phosphate, 1 ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and metal salts are mainly used. When wood is impregnated with an aqueous solution of metal salt and dried, combustion that generates soot is difficult to occur simply by charring and burning even when heated. This is because, as shown in the following reaction formula, a dehydration reaction of cellulose (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n, which is the main component of wood, is caused by a metal salt to promote carbonization.
(C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n → 6 nC + 5 nH 2 O
A wooden base material is immersed in the aqueous solution of the flame retardant so that the wooden base material is impregnated with the flame retardant to make the wooden base material flame-retardant. The impregnation method may be either a normal pressure method or a method using a pressure reduction device for wood under a pressurized atmosphere. Further, a small amount of a surfactant, alcohol or the like is mixed into the impregnation liquid, or ultrasonic waves are applied to the inside of the wood. You may increase the permeability to.
次に、難燃性木質材の製造方法について説明する。前記の難燃剤を含浸させた木質系基材に難燃化物質を埋め込む方法については特に限定されるものではないが、本実施の形態においては、木質系基材の表層部に所定の間隔をおいて難燃化物質を埋め込むための孔乃至溝を形成し、この孔乃至溝に難燃化物質を充填する場合について説明する。木質系基材の表層部に、例えば、鋸、レーザー、ドリル、高圧水等を用いて公知の手段によって、直径及び深さが数mm〜数cmの孔乃至溝を数mm〜数cmの間隔を置いて複数箇所に設け、この孔乃至溝に難燃化物質を埋め込む。孔乃至溝の大きさ、深さ、間隔は、木質系基材の強度を考慮して、木質系基材の厚みや大きさ難燃剤の含浸処理の有無、難燃化物質の種類などに応じて適宜設定する。また、樹木の節部の表層部全体乃至その一部を削り取り、その削り取った後の孔に難燃化物質を埋め込み、節部以外の部分に難燃剤を含浸させることによって更に難燃効果を向上させることができる。また、前述のイントメッセント系物質の場合は、加熱時の泡状の断熱膨張層が木質系基材表面を覆うように孔乃至溝の大きさ、深さ、間隔をそれぞれ適宜設定することが好ましい。 Next, the manufacturing method of a flame-retardant wooden material is demonstrated. The method of embedding the flame retardant into the wood base material impregnated with the flame retardant is not particularly limited, but in the present embodiment, a predetermined interval is provided in the surface layer portion of the wood base material. A case will be described in which a hole or groove for embedding the flame retardant material is formed and the hole or groove is filled with the flame retardant material. A hole or groove having a diameter and a depth of several millimeters to several centimeters is formed on the surface layer portion of the wooden base material by a known means using, for example, a saw, a laser, a drill, high-pressure water, etc. Are provided at a plurality of locations, and a flame-retardant material is embedded in the holes or grooves. The size, depth, and spacing of the holes or grooves depends on the thickness of the wood base material, the presence or absence of impregnation of the flame retardant, the type of flame retardant, etc. Set as appropriate. In addition, the whole or part of the surface part of the node part of the tree is scraped off, and the flame retardant is further improved by embedding a flame retardant material in the hole after the shaving and impregnating the part other than the node part with a flame retardant. Can be made. Further, in the case of the above-described intimescent material, the size, depth, and interval of the holes or grooves can be appropriately set so that the foam-like heat-insulating expansion layer during heating covers the surface of the wooden substrate. preferable.
また、図2に示すように、所定の間隔をおいて難燃化物質を埋め込んだ板状体を、前記の難燃化物質を埋め込んだ基材上に、その難燃化物質を埋め込んである位置を相互にずらして積層することによって、難燃化物質の埋め込み部分が基材面に広く分布することとなり、難燃効果を向上させることができる。図2の場合は、板状体が1枚の場合を示すものであるが、板状体を複数枚、難燃化物質を埋め込んである位置を相互にずらして積層すれば、より難燃効果を向上できる(図示せず)。更に、吸熱反応のピーク温度の異なる前記難燃剤を別々に埋め込んだ板状体をピーク温度の順に組み合わせて積層した難燃性木質材は、基材表面の比較的低温域で吸熱反応し、内部では徐々に高温域で吸熱反応するように作用する(温度域を逆に組み合わせてもよい)。このようにして効率よく延焼を防止することができる。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, a plate-like body in which a flame retardant material is embedded at a predetermined interval is embedded on the base material in which the flame retardant material is embedded. By laminating the positions shifted from each other, the embedded portion of the flame retardant material is widely distributed on the substrate surface, and the flame retardant effect can be improved. The case of FIG. 2 shows a case where the number of the plate-like bodies is one. However, if a plurality of plate-like bodies are laminated with the positions where the flame retardant material is embedded being shifted from each other, the flame retardancy is further improved. Can be improved (not shown). Furthermore, the flame-retardant woody material in which the plate-like bodies separately embedded with the flame retardants having different peak temperatures of the endothermic reaction are combined in the order of the peak temperature is subjected to an endothermic reaction at a relatively low temperature region on the surface of the substrate. Then, it acts so as to endothermically gradually in the high temperature range (the temperature range may be reversed). In this way, it is possible to efficiently prevent the spread of fire.
次に、前記の難燃化物質を埋め込んだ木質系基材表面に難燃性接着剤を塗布し、この難燃性接着剤層を介して難燃性表皮材を積層する。ここに用いる接着剤は、水系、溶剤系乃至ホットメルトタイプ等、表皮材の材質に応じて公知の接着剤中から適宜選択し、前記の難燃剤を適宜量添加混合して調製することができる。シックハウス症候群を考慮した非ホルマリン系溶剤、水系接着剤乃至α−アレフィン樹脂等の素材を選択することが好ましい。また、前記の木質系基材に埋め込む難燃化物質が接着剤としての機能を併有する場合には、表皮材を接着する接着剤として前記の難燃化物質を用いることができる。接着剤は表皮材の裏面乃至木質系基材表面の何れか、或いは両面に塗布してもよい。塗布の方法は特に限定されず、例えば刷毛やへら等を使用した手塗り、或いはスプレー、ロールコーター、ナイフコーター等を使用してもよい。塗布量は、難燃性能並びに接着強度を低下させないようになるべく薄く塗ることが好ましい。この接着剤層の上に表皮材を重ねて加圧して接着させる。必要に応じて、加熱、乾燥することが好ましい。また、接着剤に粉末状活性炭や金属粉等を接着強度を低下させない範囲で混練することによって電磁波を遮蔽することが可能である。 Next, a flame retardant adhesive is applied to the surface of the wooden base material in which the flame retardant material is embedded, and a flame retardant skin material is laminated through the flame retardant adhesive layer. The adhesive used here can be appropriately selected from known adhesives depending on the material of the skin material, such as water-based, solvent-based or hot-melt type, and can be prepared by adding an appropriate amount of the flame retardant. . It is preferable to select a material such as a non-formalin solvent, an aqueous adhesive or an α-alephine resin in consideration of sick house syndrome. Moreover, when the flame retardant substance embedded in the woody base material has a function as an adhesive, the flame retardant substance can be used as an adhesive for bonding the skin material. The adhesive may be applied to either the back surface of the skin material or the surface of the wooden base material, or to both surfaces. The method of application is not particularly limited, and for example, hand coating using a brush or spatula or the like, spray, roll coater, knife coater or the like may be used. The coating amount is preferably as thin as possible so as not to lower the flame retardancy and the adhesive strength. A skin material is layered on the adhesive layer and pressed to adhere. It is preferable to heat and dry as necessary. In addition, electromagnetic waves can be shielded by kneading powdered activated carbon, metal powder, or the like in an adhesive within a range that does not lower the adhesive strength.
次に、実施例について図に基づいて説明するが、本願発明はこの実施例に限定されるものではない。
<実施例1>
前記の実施の形態において、木質系基材として約15mm厚の杉単一材、表皮材として約1mm厚のえぞ松の突き板を使用し、この木質系基材の片面表層部に幅約4mm、深さ約3mmの溝を約6mmの間隔を置いて平行に複数設け、前記木質系基材と表皮材を硫酸アンモニウムと水酸化カリウムが各々70重量部/30重量部の水溶液からなる処理液に常圧下にて12時間浸漬後、24時間自然乾燥し、これを2回繰り返し処理した。次に、水酸化アルミニウム、ベーマイト(アルミナ水和物)及びイントメッセント系化合物であるホウ酸アンモニウムと硫酸アンモニウムをそれぞれ等重量ずつ水性の酢酸ビニル系接着剤に混合してペースト状の難燃化物質を調製し、前記の溝に充填し、自然乾燥して固化し、難燃性木質材を得た。次に、難燃化物質を埋め込んだ全面に、水性の酢酸ビニル系接着剤に水酸化アルミニウムを約30重量%混合した接着剤をへらで薄く塗布し、この接着剤の塗布面に前記の難燃化処理した表皮材を重ね加圧積層して難燃性木質材を得た。特に、樹木の節部は、その表層部をドリルで穿孔し、その穿孔した孔に難燃化物質を埋め込んだ。
Next, although an Example is described based on figures, this invention is not limited to this Example.
<Example 1>
In the above-described embodiment, a single cedar wood having a thickness of about 15 mm is used as the wood base material, and an elephant pine veneer having a thickness of about 1 mm is used as the skin material. A treatment solution comprising a plurality of grooves of 4 mm and a depth of about 3 mm in parallel with an interval of about 6 mm, and the woody base material and the skin material comprising an aqueous solution of 70 parts by weight / 30 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate and potassium hydroxide, respectively. After being immersed for 12 hours under normal pressure, it was naturally dried for 24 hours, and this was repeated twice. Next, aluminum hydroxide, boehmite (alumina hydrate) and ammonium borates and ammonium sulfate, which are intimate compounds, are mixed in an aqueous vinyl acetate adhesive in equal weights each to give a paste-like flame retardant. Was filled in the groove, dried naturally and solidified to obtain a flame-retardant woody material. Next, an adhesive obtained by mixing about 30% by weight of aluminum hydroxide with an aqueous vinyl acetate adhesive is thinly applied with a spatula over the entire surface where the flame retardant material is embedded, and the above-mentioned difficulty is applied to the adhesive application surface. Flame retardant wood material was obtained by stacking and stacking the fired skin material. In particular, the node part of the tree was drilled in the surface layer with a drill, and the flame retardant material was embedded in the drilled hole.
<実施例2>
前記の実施例1の難燃性木質材において、木質系基材として、約15mm厚の杉単一材に代えて、約24mm厚の杉単一材を使用し、接着剤及び表皮材を積層していないこと以外は実施例1と同様の難燃性木質材を得た。
<Example 2>
In the flame-retardant wood material of Example 1 described above, instead of a single cedar material of about 15 mm thickness, a single cedar material of about 24 mm thickness is used as the wood base material, and an adhesive and a skin material are laminated. A flame-retardant wooden material similar to that of Example 1 was obtained except that the above was not performed.
<試験片の作成>
前記実施例1により得られた難燃性木質材を3点(試験番号、実施例1−1〜1−3)及び実施例2により得られた難燃性木質材を1点(試験番号、実施例2)について、それぞれ約10cm×約10cm角の大きさに裁断したものを試験サンプルとした。比較例として、実施例1及び2に用いた木質系基材であって、前記の難燃剤を浸漬処理しただけのものを2点(試験番号、比較例1−1〜1−2)及び実施例1及び2に用いた木質系基材であって、無処理のものを1点(試験番号、比較例2)について、それぞれ実施例のサンプルと同様に裁断したものを試験サンプルとした。本試験サンプルでは、特に実施例と、比較例とも、試験サンプル中に前記樹木の節部乃至節部に難燃化物質を埋め込んだ部分が含まれるように裁断した。
<Creation of specimen>
Three points of flame retardant wooden material obtained in Example 1 (test number, Examples 1-1 to 1-3) and one point of flame retardant wooden material obtained in Example 2 (test number, About Example 2), what was cut into a size of about 10 cm × about 10 cm square was used as a test sample. As a comparative example, two wood base materials used in Examples 1 and 2, which were obtained by immersing the above flame retardant, were used (test number, comparative examples 1-1 to 1-2) and practice. The wood base materials used in Examples 1 and 2 were cut in the same manner as the samples of the Examples for one point (test number, Comparative Example 2) for the untreated samples, which were used as test samples. In this test sample, both the example and the comparative example were cut so that the test sample included a portion in which the flame retardant material was embedded in the node or node of the tree.
<難燃性試験と評価>
前記試験サンプルを、表皮材を貼ったものは表皮材面を下側にして、それぞれ水平にセットし、ガスバーナーを試験片の下側に、その火口が試験片から約2cm離れた位置に設置して、該ガスバーナーで試験片を加熱し、試験片が自ら燃焼を開始する自燃焼状態に至るまでの時間を計ると共に一連の燃焼状態を目視により観察して難燃性の程度を比較評価した。
<評価結果>
難燃性試験における評価の結果を表1に示す。
<Flame retardancy test and evaluation>
Set the test sample horizontally with the skin material on the bottom, with the skin material side down, and place the gas burner under the test piece and the crater at a position approximately 2 cm away from the test piece. Then, heat the test piece with the gas burner, measure the time until the test piece reaches the self-combustion state where it starts to burn itself, and observe the series of combustion states visually to compare and evaluate the degree of flame retardancy did.
<Evaluation results>
Table 1 shows the results of evaluation in the flame retardancy test.
表1に示すように、実施例1に係る難燃性木質材は、バーナーの炎により最初に表皮材が燃えた後で木質系基材が自燃焼に至り、この自燃焼を開始するまでの時間の平均値が23分であったのに対し、実施例2の難燃性木質材は、バーナーの炎により30分加熱しても自燃焼には至らずこの段階で試験を中止した。これに対し、比較例1−1〜1−2の場合は、自燃焼に至る時間が平均値で11分であり、比較例2の場合は、1分経過する前に着火して燃えつづけたので、途中で試験を中止した。以上の結果から、実施例1の自燃焼開始時間は、比較例1の2倍強であり、実施例2の自燃焼開始時間は、比較例1の3倍以上に達することとなり、本発明に係る難燃性木質材が、従来の難燃剤を含浸しただけの木材に比較して格段に優れていることが確認された。この理由として、実施例1及び2の場合は、節部に前記のように難燃化物質が埋め込んであるので、節部以外の難燃剤含浸部分と同様に難燃効果が認められたのに対して、比較例1−1〜1−2の場合は、節部に難燃剤が含浸し難くいために、節部に先に着火し、次に節部以外の部分に延焼し、このために自燃焼開始時間に差が生じたものと推定できる。また、前記の実施例と比較例の各サンプルにおいて、強度に関しては顕著な差は認められなかった。 As shown in Table 1, the flame-retardant wood material according to Example 1 is a process until the wood-based base material self-combusts after the skin material is first burned by the flame of the burner, and starts self-combustion. While the average time was 23 minutes, the flame-retardant wood material of Example 2 did not reach self-combustion even when heated by a burner flame for 30 minutes, and the test was stopped at this stage. On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-2, the time to self-combustion is an average value of 11 minutes, and in the case of Comparative Example 2, it was ignited and burned before 1 minute passed. Therefore, the test was stopped halfway. From the above results, the self-combustion start time of Example 1 is slightly more than twice that of Comparative Example 1, and the self-combustion start time of Example 2 reaches three times or more that of Comparative Example 1, and thus the present invention. It was confirmed that such a flame-retardant woody material is remarkably superior to conventional wood just impregnated with a flame retardant. As a reason for this, in the case of Examples 1 and 2, since the flame retardant material is embedded in the node portion as described above, the flame retardant effect was recognized in the same manner as the flame retardant impregnated portion other than the node portion. On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-2, since it is difficult for the flame retardant to be impregnated in the node portion, the node portion is ignited first, and then spread to portions other than the node portion. It can be estimated that a difference has occurred in the self-combustion start time. In addition, in the samples of the above-mentioned examples and comparative examples, no significant difference was observed regarding the strength.
<機能性試験>
前記の難燃性試験と共に機能性試験を行った。前記の難燃性試験における表皮材の処理液に更に微粒子状の石英斑岩を5重量%、アパタイト処理した二酸化チタン微粒子からなる光触媒を5重量%を追加混合した処理液を作成し、前記の難燃性試験と同様にして表皮材を処理した以外は前記実施例1と同様にして難燃性木質材を得た。この難燃性木質材について、以下のようにマイナスイオン発生試験及び防臭試験を行った。
<マイナスイオン発生試験及び防汚試験の結果>
イオンカウンターを使用して前記の機能性試験用難燃性木質材の表皮材面のマイナスイオンを測定したところ、イオン数は100〜500個であった。更に、前記の機能性試験用難燃性木質材を実際に太陽光が差込む部屋に貼って、その部屋の中で煙草を吸った約30分後に3人のモニタがその部屋に入って、煙草の臭いを嗅いで臭いの強さを前記の機能性試験用難燃性木質材を貼らない部屋で煙草を吸った場合と比較した結果、明らかに機能性試験用難燃性木質材を貼った部屋の方が残留する臭いが弱いことが確認できた。
<Functionality test>
A functional test was performed together with the flame retardancy test. A treatment liquid was prepared by further mixing 5 wt% of fine-grained quartz porphyry and 5 wt% of a photocatalyst made of apatite-treated titanium dioxide fine particles into the treatment liquid of the skin material in the flame retardant test, A flame retardant wooden material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the skin material was treated in the same manner as in the flame retardant test. About this flame-retardant wooden material, the negative ion generation test and the deodorization test were done as follows.
<Results of negative ion generation test and antifouling test>
When the negative ion of the surface material of the flame retardant wood material for functional test was measured using an ion counter, the number of ions was 100 to 500. Furthermore, after putting the flame-retardant wood material for functional test into a room where sunlight is actually inserted, about 30 minutes after smoking in the room, three monitors entered the room, Smell the smell of cigarettes and compare the intensity of the odors with the case where smoke is smoked in a room where the flame retardant wood for functional test is not applied. It was confirmed that the remaining odor in the room was weaker.
本発明に係る難燃性木質材は、難燃効果が高く、且つ多機能性を有するばかりでなく、従来の難燃剤含浸型木材特有の節部の難燃ムラの問題点が解消された画期的発明であり、経済的にもきわめて優れていることから建物の内装材及び構造材等に広く利用され有用である。 The flame-retardant wood material according to the present invention not only has a high flame-retarding effect and multi-functionality, but also has an image in which the problem of the non-flammability unevenness of the knot part peculiar to conventional flame retardant-impregnated wood is solved. Since it is a periodical invention and is extremely economical, it is widely used and useful for building interior materials and structural materials.
1:難燃性木質材、2:表皮材、3:接着剤層、4:木質系基材、5:溝、6:難燃化物質、7:板状体
1: flame retardant wood material, 2: skin material, 3: adhesive layer, 4: wood base material, 5: groove, 6: flame retardant material, 7: plate
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JP2007196500A (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-08-09 | Toray Ind Inc | Composite board, its manufacturing method, and game machine member |
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