JP2005140182A - Water shut off valve with backflow preventive function - Google Patents

Water shut off valve with backflow preventive function Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005140182A
JP2005140182A JP2003375133A JP2003375133A JP2005140182A JP 2005140182 A JP2005140182 A JP 2005140182A JP 2003375133 A JP2003375133 A JP 2003375133A JP 2003375133 A JP2003375133 A JP 2003375133A JP 2005140182 A JP2005140182 A JP 2005140182A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
valve
spindle
spring
valve body
secondary side
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2003375133A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masayuki Hishida
眞之 菱田
Katsumi Tsuchimoto
勝己 土本
Makoto Kato
真 加藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kane Kogyo Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Kane Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kane Kogyo Co Ltd filed Critical Kane Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority to JP2003375133A priority Critical patent/JP2005140182A/en
Priority to TW093132356A priority patent/TWI284720B/en
Priority to SG200406220A priority patent/SG111269A1/en
Priority to MYPI20044539A priority patent/MY136326A/en
Priority to KR1020040088074A priority patent/KR20050043635A/en
Priority to CNA2004100927038A priority patent/CN1614270A/en
Publication of JP2005140182A publication Critical patent/JP2005140182A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K15/00—Check valves
    • F16K15/02—Check valves with guided rigid valve members
    • F16K15/04—Check valves with guided rigid valve members shaped as balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/36—Valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K15/00—Check valves
    • F16K15/02—Check valves with guided rigid valve members
    • F16K15/04—Check valves with guided rigid valve members shaped as balls
    • F16K15/044—Check valves with guided rigid valve members shaped as balls spring-loaded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
    • F16K27/0209—Check valves or pivoted valves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)
  • Taps Or Cocks (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water shut off valve with a backflow preventive function which solves problems such as it can not help using a complicated and large structure and assembling, maintenance and inspection are difficult and complicated. <P>SOLUTION: A valve seat 10 is provided at a secondary side of a valve port 6 for communicating with a primary side flow passage 3 and a secondary side flow passage 5 and a valve element 11 is detachably provided to the valve seat 10. Between the valve element 11 and the spindle 7 which freely move forward and backward in an axial line direction of the valve port, the valve element 11 has a spring 12 for expanding and contracting between a spindle 7 and the valve element 11 according to progress of the spindle 7. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、逆流防止機能を備えた止水栓に関する。   The present invention relates to a water stop cock having a backflow prevention function.

従来、配水管を分岐している給水管において設置される止水栓には、逆止弁を設けてい
ないため、止水栓の一次側が負圧となったり、止水栓の二次側の圧力が一次側より高くな
ることで水が逆流し、配水管側が汚染される危険を有していた。
上記の様な逆流を防止するため、逆止弁を流路中に設ける様になったが、逆止弁の設置
のためのスペースを必要とするので、その据え付けにおいて周辺機器との調和を図るため
にはその据付位置が限定されて汎用性に欠けるなどの問題があり、逆止弁を一体に備えた
止水栓が広く使用されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
特許第３４５３４２４号公報 Conventionally, the stop cock installed in the water supply pipe that branches the distribution pipe has not been provided with a check valve, so the primary side of the stop cock has a negative pressure or the secondary side of the stop cock. When the pressure was higher than the primary side, water flowed backwards and there was a risk that the water distribution pipe side would be contaminated.
In order to prevent the backflow as described above, a check valve is provided in the flow path, but space is required for the installation of the check valve, so that the installation is coordinated with peripheral equipment. For this purpose, there is a problem that its installation position is limited and lacks versatility, and a water stop cock provided with a check valve is widely used (for example, see Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent No. 3453424

しかしながら、上記止水栓は、逆止弁を単純に組み合わせたもので、止水栓と逆止弁の
２つの弁機構を組み込まねばならないため、その構造は複雑で大型にならざるを得ず、又
組立及び保守点検が煩雑となる等の課題を有していた。 However, the above stop cock is a simple combination of check valves, and two valve mechanisms, a stop cock and a check valve, must be incorporated, so the structure must be complicated and large, In addition, there are problems such as complicated assembly and maintenance.

本発明は、上記課題に鑑み、一次側流路と二次側流路とを連通する弁口の二次側に弁座
を設けると共に、該弁座に弁体を着離自在に設け、該弁体は弁口の軸線方向に進退自在な
スピンドルとの間に、スピンドルの進退に応じ弁体との間で伸縮するバネを介装した逆止
機能付き止水栓を提供することにより、上記課題を解決する。
又、弁体はバネに当接した球状と成しても良い。 In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a valve seat on the secondary side of the valve port that communicates the primary side flow path and the secondary side flow path, and a valve body is provided on the valve seat in a freely detachable manner, The valve body is provided with a water stop cock with a check function that includes a spring that extends and retracts between the valve body and the spindle in accordance with the advancement and retraction of the spindle, between the spindle that can advance and retract in the axial direction of the valve port, and Solve the problem.
Further, the valve body may be formed in a spherical shape in contact with the spring.

要するに本発明は、一次側流路と二次側流路とを連通する弁口の二次側に弁座を設ける
と共に、該弁座に弁体を着離自在に設け、該弁体は弁口の軸線方向に進退自在なスピンド
ルとの間に、スピンドルの進退に応じ弁体との間で伸縮するバネを介装したので、スピン
ドルを進退させることにてバネの弁体に対する閉弁方向の付勢（弾性）力を調整でき、こ
れによりバネを最収縮させた時には弁体を閉弁させて止水でき、又最収縮状態よりバネを
緩めることにより弁体を開弁可能状態と成して通水できる。
そして、弁体が開弁した通水時において逆流が生じても、この時逆流する二次側圧力だ
けでなく、この逆流圧力に常に閉弁方向に付勢されたバネの弾性力が加わることにより、
弁体を弁座に即座に着座させられ、一次側への逆流を防止できる。
この様に、バネの弾性力が弁体の閉弁方向に常に付勢されていることにより、例え逆流
時に一次側と二次側の圧力が微差であっても、一次側圧力と二次側圧力が同じ圧力に成る
前にバネによって確実にして強固に閉弁でき、その閉弁状態を保持できるので、より精度
の高い逆流防止を実現できる。
よって、本発明によれば、従来の様に、止水栓と逆止弁の２つの弁機構を組み込む必要
がなく、上記の通り部品点数が少なく構造が簡単なため、止水栓自体を小型化できると共
に、組立及び保守点検が極めて容易で安価である。 In short, the present invention provides a valve seat on the secondary side of the valve port communicating the primary side flow path and the secondary side flow path, and a valve body is provided in the valve seat so as to be attachable / detachable. Since a spring that expands and contracts with the valve body according to the advance and retreat of the spindle is interposed between the spindle that can advance and retract in the axial direction of the mouth, the spindle can be moved back and forth in the valve closing direction by moving the spindle back and forth. The urging (elastic) force can be adjusted, so that when the spring is fully contracted, the valve body can be closed to stop the water, and by loosening the spring from the most contracted state, the valve body can be opened. Can pass through.
And even if a reverse flow occurs during water flow when the valve element is opened, not only the secondary side pressure that flows back at this time, but also the elastic force of the spring urged in the valve closing direction is always added to this reverse flow pressure. By
The valve body can be immediately seated on the valve seat, and backflow to the primary side can be prevented.
In this way, since the elastic force of the spring is always urged in the valve closing direction, even if there is a slight difference between the pressure on the primary side and the secondary side during backflow, Before the side pressure becomes the same pressure, the valve can be reliably closed firmly and the valve closed state can be maintained, so that more accurate backflow prevention can be realized.
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to incorporate two valve mechanisms of a stop cock and a check valve as in the prior art, and since the number of parts is small and the structure is simple as described above, the stop cock itself is small. And assembly and maintenance are extremely easy and inexpensive.

弁体をバネに当接した球状と成したので、弁座に着座する部位が作動のたびに異なり、
弁体と弁座の間における異物の噛み込みを防止でき、止水時の微少な漏れもないため、メ
ンテナンスフリーと成すことができると共に、弁体を通過する水が球面に沿って一次側か
ら二次側へスムーズに流動するため、圧力損失を少なくでき止水栓の性能を向上できる等
その実用的効果甚だ大である。 Since the valve body has a spherical shape in contact with the spring, the part seated on the valve seat is different each time it operates,
It is possible to prevent foreign matter from getting caught between the valve body and the valve seat, and there is no minute leakage at the time of water stoppage.Therefore, it can be made maintenance-free, and water passing through the valve body from the primary side along the spherical surface. Since it flows smoothly to the secondary side, its practical effect is significant, such as reducing the pressure loss and improving the performance of the stop cock.

以下本発明の実施の一形態例を図面に基づいて説明する。
図１、２は、逆止機能付き止水栓の縦断面図であり、図１は止水状態を示し、図２は、
逆流時の止水状態を示している。
止水栓の弁箱１は、給水源側に連通する入口２の（一次側）流路３と吐水側に連通する
出口４の（二次側）流路５の中心線が一直線上にあって、一次側流路３と二次側流路５を
連通する弁口６の二次側に延びる軸線と二次側流路５が鋭角を成した所謂Ｙ形に形成され
ている。
弁箱１の上部は、弁口６の二次側へ延びる軸線に沿って略筒状に形成され、その上端を
開口形成しており、この開口部は弁口６の軸線方向に進退自在なスピンドル７を水密状に
挿通支持するＯリング８付きの蓋体９で水密状に螺着閉塞されている。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 are longitudinal sectional views of a water stop cock with a check function, FIG. 1 shows a water stop state, and FIG.
The water stop state at the time of backflow is shown.
In the valve box 1 of the stop cock, the center line of the (primary side) flow path 3 of the inlet 2 communicating with the water supply side and the (secondary side) flow path 5 of the outlet 4 communicating with the water discharge side are in a straight line. Thus, an axis extending to the secondary side of the valve port 6 communicating with the primary side flow path 3 and the secondary side flow path 5 and the secondary side flow path 5 are formed in a so-called Y shape having an acute angle.
The upper portion of the valve box 1 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape along an axis extending to the secondary side of the valve port 6, and has an upper end formed as an opening, and this opening is movable forward and backward in the axial direction of the valve port 6. The spindle 7 is screwed and closed in a watertight manner by a lid 9 with an O-ring 8 that is inserted and supported in a watertight manner.

弁口６は、二次側から一次側に向かって縮径した漏斗状に形成され、弁口６の拡径した
二次側に弁座10を設けている。
弁座10には、ゴム製で球状の弁体11を着離自在に設け、該弁体11はスピンドル７との間
に、スピンドル７の進退に応じ弁体11との間で伸縮するバネ12を介装し、該バネ12は常に
弁体11を閉弁方向へ付勢している。 The valve port 6 is formed in a funnel shape having a diameter reduced from the secondary side toward the primary side, and a valve seat 10 is provided on the secondary side of the valve port 6 whose diameter has been increased.
A spherical valve body 11 made of rubber is provided on the valve seat 10 so as to be detachable, and the valve body 11 is between the spindle 7 and a spring 12 that expands and contracts with the valve body 11 as the spindle 7 advances and retreats. The spring 12 always urges the valve body 11 in the valve closing direction.

スピンドル７は、その基端部側に螺刻した雄螺子を、蓋体９の上面中央に突設した筒状
部9aの内面に螺刻した雌ねじに螺着し、スピンドル７の基端部端面の直径方向に一条の凹
溝7aを刻設し、該凹溝7aにマイナスドライバ等の治具の穂先を嵌めて該治具を正逆回転す
ることにより、スピンドル７を弁口６の軸線方向に進退自在と成している。
又、スピンドル７において、蓋体９を挿通し且つ雄螺子を有しない部位にはＯリング溝
を周設し、該Ｏリング溝に装着したＯリング13にて蓋体９とこれに挿通したスピンドル７
との間を水密しており、又スピンドル７の中途部位には、蓋体９のスピンドル挿通孔より
大径な鍔状のストッパー7bを外方突設し、スピンドル７の後退完了状態で蓋体９の内側端
面9bにストッパー7bを当接する様に成している。 The spindle 7 is screwed with a male screw threaded on the base end side thereof to a female screw threaded on the inner surface of a cylindrical portion 9 a protruding from the center of the upper surface of the lid body 9. A groove 7a is formed in the groove in the diameter direction, and the tip of a jig such as a minus screwdriver is fitted in the groove 7a, and the jig 7 is rotated forward and backward to rotate the spindle 7 in the axial direction of the valve port 6. It is possible to move forward and backward.
Further, in the spindle 7, an O-ring groove is provided in a portion where the lid body 9 is inserted and the male screw is not provided, and the lid 9 and the spindle inserted through the O-ring 13 attached to the O-ring groove are inserted. 7
In the middle of the spindle 7, a bowl-shaped stopper 7 b having a diameter larger than the spindle insertion hole of the lid body 9 is projected outward, and the lid body when the spindle 7 is fully retracted. The stopper 7b is brought into contact with the inner end face 9b of FIG.

バネ12は、円錐コイルバネから成り、その小径端部をスピンドル７の先端部に設けたバ
ネ受け7cに固着し、大径端部は常に弁体11に当接している。
尚、バネ12は、円錐コイルバネに限定されるものではなく、円筒コイルバネであっても
良く、又スピンドル７の基端を延出形成し、その延出端部にスピンドル７を進退操作する
ハンドルを設けても良い。
又、本実施例にあっては、Ｙ形の弁箱１を示したが、弁箱１の形式はＹ形に限らず、例
えばアングル形であっても良く、又弁体11にあっても球状に限定されず、円盤状であって
も良く、この場合、弁口６、弁座10及びバネ12の形状も弁体11の形状に対応した形状に形
成される。 The spring 12 is formed of a conical coil spring, and its small diameter end is fixed to a spring receiver 7c provided at the tip of the spindle 7, and the large diameter end is always in contact with the valve body 11.
The spring 12 is not limited to a conical coil spring, but may be a cylindrical coil spring. A base end of the spindle 7 is formed to extend, and a handle for operating the spindle 7 to advance and retract is provided at the extended end. It may be provided.
In this embodiment, the Y-shaped valve box 1 is shown. However, the type of the valve box 1 is not limited to the Y-type, and may be, for example, an angle-shaped type. The shape of the valve port 6, the valve seat 10, and the spring 12 is also formed in a shape corresponding to the shape of the valve body 11.

次に本発明に係る逆止機能付き止水栓の作用について説明する。
図１に示す止水状態では、スピンドル７を閉弁方向に移動させ、バネ12を最収縮させる
ことにより、弁体11を弁座10に強固に着座させて止水している。
この止水状態において、スピンドル７を後退させる様に回転させ、弁体11とスピンドル
７間でバネ12を伸長させ、バネ12の弾性力（弁体11に対する閉弁力）を弱めることにより
、弁体11の開弁方向に作用する一次側圧力が、弁体11の閉弁方向に作用するバネ12の弾性
力と二次側圧力に打ち勝ち、バネ12を収縮させて弁体11が弁座10より離間させ、水が弁口
６を通じて一次側から二次側へ流動して通水する。
そして、弁体11が開弁した通水時において、逆流が生じた場合、逆流する２次側圧力が
一次側圧力より大きくなり、この逆流圧力と弁体11の閉弁方向に常に作用しているバネ12
の弾性力により、即座に弁体11が弁座10に着座して一次側への逆流を防止する（図２参照
）。 Next, the operation of the water stop cock with a check function according to the present invention will be described.
In the water stop state shown in FIG. 1, the spindle 7 is moved in the valve closing direction and the spring 12 is contracted to the maximum, so that the valve body 11 is firmly seated on the valve seat 10 to stop the water.
In this water stop state, the spindle 7 is rotated so as to move backward, the spring 12 is extended between the valve body 11 and the spindle 7, and the elastic force of the spring 12 (valve closing force against the valve body 11) is weakened. The primary pressure acting in the valve opening direction of the body 11 overcomes the elastic force and the secondary pressure of the spring 12 acting in the valve closing direction of the valve body 11, causing the spring 12 to contract and the valve body 11 to Further, the water flows from the primary side to the secondary side through the valve port 6 and passes therethrough.
When water flows when the valve element 11 is opened, if a reverse flow occurs, the secondary pressure that flows backward becomes greater than the primary pressure, and this reverse flow pressure always acts in the valve closing direction of the valve element 11. Spring 12
Due to this elastic force, the valve element 11 is immediately seated on the valve seat 10 to prevent backflow to the primary side (see FIG. 2).

逆止機能付き止水栓の止水状態を示した縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed the water stop state of the water stop cock with a non-return function. 逆流時の止水状態を示した止水栓の縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the water stop cock which showed the water stop state at the time of a backflow.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

３ 一次側流路
５ 二次側流路
６ 弁口
７ スピンドル
10 弁座
11 弁体
12 バネ
3 Primary side flow path 5 Secondary side flow path 6 Valve port 7 Spindle
10 Valve seat
11 Disc
12 Spring

Claims (2)

一次側流路と二次側流路とを連通する弁口の二次側に弁座を設けると共に、該弁座に弁
体を着離自在に設け、該弁体は弁口の軸線方向に進退自在なスピンドルとの間に、スピン
ドルの進退に応じ弁体との間で伸縮するバネを介装したことを特徴とする逆止機能付き止
水栓。 A valve seat is provided on the secondary side of the valve opening that communicates the primary side flow path and the secondary side flow path, and a valve body is provided on the valve seat so as to be detachable. The valve body is disposed in the axial direction of the valve opening. A water stop cock with a check function, characterized in that a spring that extends and contracts with the valve body according to the advancement and retraction of the spindle is interposed between the advanceable and retractable spindle. 弁体をバネに当接した球状と成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の逆止機能付き止水
栓。
The water stop cock with a check function according to claim 1, wherein the valve body has a spherical shape in contact with a spring.
JP2003375133A 2003-11-05 2003-11-05 Water shut off valve with backflow preventive function Pending JP2005140182A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003375133A JP2005140182A (en) 2003-11-05 2003-11-05 Water shut off valve with backflow preventive function
TW093132356A TWI284720B (en) 2003-11-05 2004-10-26 Water shut off valve with backflow prevention function
SG200406220A SG111269A1 (en) 2003-11-05 2004-10-27 Stop cock having nonreturn function
MYPI20044539A MY136326A (en) 2003-11-05 2004-11-02 Stop cock having nonreturn function
KR1020040088074A KR20050043635A (en) 2003-11-05 2004-11-02 Stop cock having nonreturn function
CNA2004100927038A CN1614270A (en) 2003-11-05 2004-11-04 One-way rotary plug valve

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009058055A (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-19 Maezawa Kyuso Industries Co Ltd Check valve setting method and check valve unit
KR200464116Y1 (en) 2010-12-13 2012-12-11 김민정 Portable steam boiler
JP5724114B1 (en) * 2014-09-24 2015-05-27 アック東北株式会社 Multi-function discharge pipe or multi-function valve and pump facility
CN105042128A (en) * 2015-06-04 2015-11-11 许炎章 Straight-through type stop check valve for industrial refrigeration

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100791486B1 (en) 2006-07-18 2008-01-04 민병의 Ball valve for cone type
TW201341696A (en) * 2012-04-11 2013-10-16 zi-feng Liu Flow control valve
KR102424397B1 (en) * 2020-11-02 2022-07-21 한국수력원자력 주식회사 Safety relief valve for pressure vessel

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009058055A (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-19 Maezawa Kyuso Industries Co Ltd Check valve setting method and check valve unit
KR200464116Y1 (en) 2010-12-13 2012-12-11 김민정 Portable steam boiler
JP5724114B1 (en) * 2014-09-24 2015-05-27 アック東北株式会社 Multi-function discharge pipe or multi-function valve and pump facility
CN105042128A (en) * 2015-06-04 2015-11-11 许炎章 Straight-through type stop check valve for industrial refrigeration

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MY136326A (en) 2008-09-30
TWI284720B (en) 2007-08-01
KR20050043635A (en) 2005-05-11
TW200516216A (en) 2005-05-16
SG111269A1 (en) 2005-05-30
CN1614270A (en) 2005-05-11

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