JP2004344114A - Method and apparatus for elongating plant - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for elongating plant Download PDF

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JP2004344114A
JP2004344114A JP2003146946A JP2003146946A JP2004344114A JP 2004344114 A JP2004344114 A JP 2004344114A JP 2003146946 A JP2003146946 A JP 2003146946A JP 2003146946 A JP2003146946 A JP 2003146946A JP 2004344114 A JP2004344114 A JP 2004344114A
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plant
light
spectrum
unit
blue
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JP4462848B2 (en
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Wakanori Amaki
雨木若慶
Kenji Yoneda
賢治 米田
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CCS Inc
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CCS Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To carry out efficient growth of plants and reduction of growing cost and control of plant delivery period while recognizing new problems in which it becomes extremely important for future growth of plants to clarify growth of plants and influence on differentiation by light quality which have not deeply been studied hitherto and further particularly to clarify influence of light quality on every parts of plants. <P>SOLUTION: The method for elongating a plant comprises growing the plant 6 by utilizing light for elongation of the plant injected from a light-injecting part 2 having a plurality of LEDs (light emitting diodes) 21, and when the plant 6 to be irradiated is a specific kind of plant, when elongation of the plant 6 is promoted, a spectrum in which blue or blue-green is predominant is used as a spectrum of light injected from the light-injecting part 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、植物にLEDを照射してその伸長を促進する植物伸長方法及び植物伸長装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、外的要因(天候、気候、害虫など)による影響を受けにくい、人工光源を利用した植物育成工場の実用化が進められている。主要な人工光源としては、高圧ナトリウムランプ、低圧ナトリウムランプ、キセノンランプ、メタルハライドランプ、蛍光ランプ及びマイクロ波ランプなどが知られているが、近時、特許文献1に示すように、熱放射が少なく寿命等の点でも有利なLEDを用いた人工光源が開発されつつある。
【0003】
一方、植物の生長、分化に及ぼす光質(例えば光スペクトル等)の影響は、これまでこの種の人工光源から、特定の波長域を除去するフィルムなどを用いてスペクトルを修正することにより検討されている。
【0004】
この方法であると、含まれる波長領域が200nmにも及ぶことがあり、どの波長領域の光が、どの植物の生長、分化に大きな影響を及ぼすのかを高い精度で知ることが難しい。また、植物工場で育成されている植物の品種は現在のところそれほど多くはなく、このようなことから従来は、赤色系の光が植物の伸長促進に寄与すると大まかに考えられており、逆に青色系の光は伸長抑制効果を有すると認識されていた。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平09−252651号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、植物育成工場が実用化段階に入りつつあり、育成対象となる植物の種類も増加しつつある現在、人工光源の光質による植物生育への影響をより明確化することは、効率的な植物育成やコスト削減の観点から今後重要な課題になってくると考えられる。
【0007】
さらに、同じ光質であっても、その及ぼす影響が植物の部位によってどのように異なるのかを明確化することも、同様の理由から極めて重要である。
【0008】
そこで本発明は、従来、深く検討されてこなかった、光質による植物の成長、分化への影響をより明確化するとともに、さらに詳細には植物の部位毎の光質影響を明確化することが、今後の植物育成において極めて重要なものになるという新たな課題認識を踏まえた上で、効率的な植物育成や育成コスト削減、植物出荷時期制御などをできるようにすることをその主たる所期課題としたものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち本発明にかかる植物伸長方法は、複数のLEDを有した光射出部から光を植物に照射し、伸長させるものであって、照射対象となる植物が特定種類のものである場合には、その植物の伸長を促進させる際に、前記光射出部から射出される光のスペクトルを青色又は青緑色が優勢なものにすることを特徴とする。
【0010】
このようなものであれば、赤色系の光では伸長が促されない特定の植物についても、青色又は青緑色の光で生育を促進することができるため、今後の多品種化が予想される人工光源を用いた植物育成における効率化や低コスト化、出荷時期制御等に、大きく寄与することができる。しかしてこのことは、従来のように赤色系の光が植物伸長促進に寄与するとの認識にはあてはまらないことであり、植物によっては伸長促進に赤色系光以外の光が寄与する可能性がある点、及びそのことを明らかにすることが今後の人工光源を用いた植物育成においてその効率化、実用化等に大きな意義を有するという点に、本願発明者が課題を見いだして初めて為し得たことである。なお、ここで「青色」とは約470nm±15nm程度の波長の光を言い、「青緑」とは500nm±15nm程度のピーク波長の光を言う。
【0011】
また、LEDは他の光源でみられる輝線スペクトルの混入や紫外及び赤外域の放射がなく、フィルタ等を用いずともスペクトル半値幅の小さい単色光を照射することが可能であるうえ、比較的廉価であり、さらには赤外、赤色、橙色、黄色、緑色、青緑色、青色、紫色など、ほぼ自由に発光色を選択することができるため、光を、青色又は青緑色系の光の中でも、植物の種類に応じた最も生育効率のよい波長域の光となるように設定することが無理なくできる。もちろん、他の光源に比べ発光効率がよい点や、熱放射に係る問題点が少ない点、寿命が長い点等の効果をも同時に奏し得る。
【0012】
また、照射対象となる植物の種類と、当該植物における主茎長、葉面積、葉柄長等の伸長目的部位との組み合わせに少なくとも基づいて、前記光射出部から射出される光のスペクトルを設定するようにしてもよい。このようなものであれば、植物品種やその育成時期等に応じて、植物の所望の部位毎の形状を制御することができるため、より効率的かつ的確な植物育成が可能となる。
【0013】
具体例を挙げると、光射出部からの光によって、生育のための光を効率的に受けられる形状に制御しておけば、その後はより少ない光で効率的に当該植物を育成することが可能になる。また、園芸植物などで形状制御のために生長促進剤や生長抑制剤などを用いる方法では、効果が生じるまでに日数がかかり、残存薬品の影響等もあって制御が難しいうえ、環境を汚染するおそれもあるが、光を用いた本発明では、園芸植物などを消費者の好みに合わせた形状に容易にすることができ環境にも悪影響を与えない。
【0014】
特に、前記組み合わせが特定のものである場合には、その植物の伸長を促進する際に、前記光のスペクトルを青色又は青緑色が優勢なものにすることが望ましい。
【0015】
具体的な前記特定種類の植物としては、ナス、キャベツ、マリーゴールド、キュウリ、ヒマワリ、カリフラワー、ブロッコリー、コマツナ等を挙げることができる。本願発明者の鋭意検討により明らかになったものである。
【0016】
このような本発明に係る植物伸長方法を省力化して実現する植物伸長装置としては、植物に光を照射する複数のLEDを有した光射出部と、その光射出部に光のスペクトルを変更可能に電力を供給する電力供給部と、光照射対象となる植物の種類を判別する判別部と、その判別部で判別した植物の種類に応じて前記電力供給部を制御し光射出部から射出される光のスペクトルを設定する光スペクトル設定部とを備えてなり、照射対象となる植物が予め定めた特定種類のものである場合には、前記光スペクトル設定部が、その植物の伸長を促進すべく前記光射出部から射出される光のスペクトルを、青色又は青緑色が優勢なものにするものを挙げることができる。
【0017】
植物の部位毎の伸長制御等、よりきめ細やかな形態制御を行うための好適な装置としては、植物に光を照射する複数のLEDを有した光射出部と、その光射出部に対し前記光のスペクトルを変更可能に電力を供給する電力供給部と、光照射対象となる植物の種類及び植物の伸長目的部位を判別する判別部と、その判別部で判別した植物の種類及びその植物における伸長目的部位との組み合わせに少なくとも基づいて前記電力供給部を制御し前記光射出部から射出される光のスペクトルを設定する光スペクトル設定部とを備えたものが好ましい。
【0018】
このような構成において、前記光スペクトル設定部が、植物の種類と、当該植物における主茎長、葉面積、葉柄長等の伸長目的部位との組み合わせに少なくとも基づいて、前記電力供給部を制御し、前記光射出部から照射される光のスペクトルを設定するものであればより好適である。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の一実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。
【0020】
図1は、本実施形態に係る植物伸長装置1を示している。この植物伸長装置1は、植物伸長のための光を射出する光射出部2と、その光射出部2に対し射出される光のスペクトルを変更可能に電力を供給する電力供給部3と、育成対象となる植物6の種類を判別する判別部4と、その判別部4で判別した植物6の種類に応じて前記電力供給部3を制御し前記光のスペクトルを設定する光スペクトル設定部5とを備えたものである。
【0021】
各部を詳述する。光射出部2は、図2に示すように、平板状の基板22の一方の面に異なるスペクトル光を発する複数種類のLED21を多数敷設したもので、LED21から射出される光が植物6の方を向くように設置している。LED21は、例えば砲弾型のものである。
【0022】
電力供給部3は、各LED21乃至各種のLED21毎に、独立して発光強度を変更可能に電力を供給するものである。具体的な電力供給態様として本実施形態では、例えばPWM方式を採用しており、外部制御信号の受信あるいは入力を受け付けることによって、各LED21乃至各種のLED21毎に、供給電力波形におけるデューティ比を設定できるようにしてある。そしてそのデューティ比の設定により、各LED21乃至各種のLED21毎の発光強度を変更し、光射出部2全体から射出される光のスペクトルや光強度を変更できるように構成している。
【0023】
判別部4は、例えばオペレータによる入力により、照射対象植物6の種類を判別するものである。もちろんその他に、例えば植物6にバーコードシート等の種類表示器を付帯させておき、その種類表示を自動読み取りするなどして植物6の種類を自動判別するようにしても構わない。
【0024】
光スペクトル設定部5は、前記判別部4で判別された照射対象植物6の種類に応じて、前記光のスペクトルを設定するための外部制御信号を生成し、その外部制御信号を前記電力供給部3に送信するものである。具体的には、例えば植物6の種類を示す識別子と外部制御信号の識別子とを対にして格納している制御信号特定データ格納部D1にアクセスし、照射対象植物6の種類に対応する外部制御信号を特定するとともに、その外部制御信号を前記電力供給部3に送信する。
【0025】
なお、前記判別部4、光スペクトル設定部5、制御信号特定データ格納部D1等は、本実施形態では情報処理装置7を利用して構成している。この情報処理装置7は、図3に示すように、CPU101、内部メモリ102、HDD等の外部記憶装置103、モデム等の通信インタフェース104、ディスプレイ105、マウスやキーボードといった入力手段106等を有する。そして、前記内部メモリ102や外部記憶装置103等の所定領域に設定したプログラムにしたがってCPU101やその周辺機器を作動させることにより、前記判別部4、光スペクトル設定部5、制御信号特定データ格納部D1として機能するように構成してある。かかる情報処理装置7は、汎用のコンピュータであっても専用のものであっても構わない。
【0026】
次にこのように構成した本実施形態にかかる植物伸長装置1を用いた植物伸長方法について以下に述べる。
【0027】
まず、オペレータが育成対象となる植物6の種類又はその種類を示す識別子を入力する(図4ステップS1)。
【0028】
すると判別部4が、その入力に基づいて照射対象植物6の種類を判別する(図4ステップS2)。
【0029】
次いで光スペクトル設定部5がその照射対象植物6の種類に応じた光のスペクトルを設定するための外部制御信号を、前記制御信号特定データ格納部D1の内容を参照して特定する(図4ステップS3)。そしてその外部制御信号を、その植物6の伸長を促進させる際に電力供給部3に送信する(図4ステップS4)。
【0030】
その後、電力供給部3がその外部制御信号に基づいて光射出部2に電力を供給し(図4ステップS5)、最後に光射出部2が、その電力供給態様により一意的に定まる所定スペクトルの光を植物6に照射する(図4ステップS6)。
【0031】
しかして本実施形態では、特定種類の植物6(例えばナス、キャベツ、マリーゴールド、キュウリ、ヒマワリ、カリフラワー、ブロッコリー、コマツナ等)については、伸長促進時に赤色系の光ではなく、青色系又は黄色系の光、より具体的にナスの場合であれば、470nm近傍の波長、すなわち青色が優勢なスペクトルの光を照射するようにしている。また例えばヒマワリであれば、500nm近傍の波長、すなわち青緑色が優勢なスペクトルの光を照射するようにしている。
【0032】
これは、図5、図6に示すように、ナス(品種名’黒陽’)やヒマワリ(品種名’ピノチオ’)において、特に主茎長は、赤色光よりも波長の短い青色光での伸長効果が大きいことを本発明者が見いだしたことによる。本発明者は、さらにその他、図7〜図9に示すように、レタス、トマト等の多種の植物6について同様の実験を行っている。
【0033】
なお、これらの実験では、5種の光(主波長470nm=青色光、500nm=青緑色光、525nm=緑色光、660nm=赤色光、680nm=赤色光)を、用土表面で物理的エネルギが均一(6.3W/m^2)となるように植物6に照射している。また、対照用に、白色蛍光灯からの光を照射した植物6を育成し、その生育度を100としている。
【0034】
しかして図9にまとめてあるように、この結果によれば、各植物6の光質(光スペクトル)の違いによる伸長への影響は明らかで、その影響の程度、作用の仕方には大きな種間差があることがわかる。特に従来から青色光の茎伸長抑制効果はよく知られており、そのとおりの性質を示すもの(レタス、トマト、ホウレンソウ等)もあるところ、ナス、キャベツ、マリーゴールド、キュウリ、ヒマワリ、カリフラワー、ブロッコリー、コマツナ等のように、種類によっては逆に茎伸長が促進されるものもある。
【0035】
したがって、本実施形態によれば、赤色系の光では伸長が促されない特定種類の植物6についても、青色系又は黄色系の光で伸長を促進することができ、今後の多品種化が予想される人工光源を用いた植物育成における効率化や低コスト化等に、大きく寄与することができる。また、逆に赤色系の光では伸長が促されない前記特定種類の植物6に赤色光をあて、伸長を抑制することもできるので、出荷時期調整や果実の熟成を行うなど、植物6に応じた種々のきめ細やかな生育制御が可能となる。
【0036】
なお、本発明は前記実施形態に限られるものではない。前述した実験結果からも明らかなように、光質の生育促進影響は、同一植物であってもその部位、例えば主茎長、全乾物重、葉面積、葉柄長等によって異なる。したがって、前記判別部において、照射対象となる植物の種類及び植物の伸長目的部位を判別させ、この判別部で判別した植物の種類及び伸長目的部位に基づいて、光スペクトル設定部で光のスペクトルを設定するようにしても構わない。このようなものであれば、植物品種やその育成時期等に応じて、植物の所望の部位毎の伸長を制御することができるため、より効率的かつ的確な植物の形態制御が可能となる。
【0037】
さらに、前記情報処理装置に他の種々の機能を付加させて、出荷時期や伸長目標値等のみを入力することにより、あとは全て自動で光の制御を行うように構成してもよい。
【0038】
また逆に情報処理装置を利用せず、作業者が、植物品種や育成目的部位に応じて電力供給部の設定を行い、光射出部から青色系や黄色系の光を射出するようにしてもよい。
【0039】
さらに光射出部が同一種類のLEDからなるものでも構わない。その場合は、互いに異なるスペクトルの光を射出する光射出部を複数用意しておき、作業者が植物又はその育成目的部位に応じて、所望のスペクトル光を射出できる光照射部に都度交換するようにすればよい。
【0040】
またLEDの敷設態様に限定はなく、マトリクス状、千鳥状、同心円状等種々の態様が可能である。LEDは砲弾型に限られず、チップ型のものでももちろん構わない。
【0041】
加えて光射出部を、光ファイバー等の光案内手段をさらに備えたものとして、LEDからの光を前記光案内手段によって植物に導くようにしてもよい。このようにすればLEDを植物から隔離することが可能となるため、その発熱による熱影響を最小限にすることができる。
【0042】
その他本発明は前記図示例に限られず、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形が可能である。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
以上に詳述したように、本発明によれば、赤色系の光では伸長が促されない特定の植物についても、青色系又は黄色系の光で伸長を促進することができるため、今後の多品種化が予想される人工光源を用いた植物育成における効率化や低コスト化、出荷時期制御等に、大きく寄与することができる。しかしてこのことは、従来のように赤色系の光が植物伸長促進に寄与するとの認識にはあてはまらないことであり、植物によっては伸長促進に赤色系光以外の光が寄与する可能性がある点、及びそのことを明らかにすることが今後の人工光源を用いた植物育成においてその効率化、実用化等に大きな意義を有するという点に、本願発明者が課題を見いだして初めて為し得たことである。
【0044】
また、LEDは他の光源でみられる輝線スペクトルの混入や紫外及び赤外域の放射がなく、フィルタ等を用いずともスペクトル半値幅の小さい単色光を照射することが可能であるうえ、比較的廉価であり、さらには赤外、赤色、橙色、黄色、緑色、青緑色、青色、紫色など、ほぼ自由に発光色を選択することができるため、光を、青色系又は黄色系の光の中でも、植物の種類に応じた最も生育効率のよい波長域の光となるように設定することが無理なくできる。もちろん、他の光源に比べ発光効率がよい点や、熱放射に係る問題点が少ない点、寿命が長い点等の効果をも同時に奏し得る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態における植物伸長装置を示す模式的構成図。
【図2】同実施形態における光照射部を示す平面図。
【図3】同実施形態における情報処理装置の機器構成図。
【図4】同実施形態における植物伸長方法を示すフローチャート。
【図5】ナスの一品種の生長に及ぼす単色光照射の影響を示すグラフ。
【図6】ヒマワリの一品種の生長に及ぼす単色光照射の影響を示すグラフ。
【図7】レタスの一品種の生長に及ぼす単色光照射の影響を示すグラフ。
【図8】トマトの一品種の生長に及ぼす単色光照射の影響を示すグラフ。
【図9】各植物の生長パラメータに及ぼす単色光照射の影響についての相対比較表。
【符号の説明】
1・・・植物伸長装置
2・・・光射出部
21・・・LED
3・・・電力供給部
4・・・判別部
5・・・光スペクトル設定部
6・・・植物
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a plant elongation method and a plant elongation device for irradiating an LED with a plant to promote its elongation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, practical use of a plant growing factory using an artificial light source, which is hardly affected by external factors (weather, climate, pests, etc.), has been promoted. As main artificial light sources, a high-pressure sodium lamp, a low-pressure sodium lamp, a xenon lamp, a metal halide lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a microwave lamp, and the like are known, but recently, as shown in Patent Document 1, heat radiation is low. An artificial light source using an LED that is advantageous in terms of life and the like is being developed.
[0003]
On the other hand, the influence of light quality (eg, light spectrum) on plant growth and differentiation has been studied by modifying the spectrum of this type of artificial light source using a film that removes a specific wavelength range. ing.
[0004]
According to this method, the wavelength region included may reach as large as 200 nm, and it is difficult to know with high accuracy which wavelength region has a great effect on the growth and differentiation of which plant. At present, there are not so many varieties of plants grown in plant factories, and it is generally thought that red light contributes to plant growth promotion. Blue light was recognized as having an elongation suppression effect.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 09-252651 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, now that plant growth factories are entering the stage of practical use and the types of plants to be grown are increasing, it is more efficient to clarify the effects of the light quality of artificial light sources on plant growth. It is considered to be an important issue from the viewpoint of plant cultivation and cost reduction.
[0007]
Furthermore, it is extremely important to clarify how the influence of the same light quality differs depending on the plant part for the same reason.
[0008]
Therefore, the present invention has been to clarify the influence of light quality on plant growth and differentiation, which has not been deeply studied, and more specifically, to clarify the influence of light quality on each plant part. Based on the recognition of new issues that will become extremely important in future plant cultivation, the main objective is to enable efficient plant cultivation, reduction of breeding costs, control of plant shipping time, etc. It is what was.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the plant elongation method according to the present invention is to irradiate the plant with light from the light emitting unit having a plurality of LEDs, and to elongate, when the plant to be irradiated is a specific type, When the elongation of the plant is promoted, the spectrum of light emitted from the light emitting portion is made to be dominant in blue or blue-green.
[0010]
If it is such, even for a specific plant that is not promoted by red light, growth can be promoted by blue or turquoise light. Can greatly contribute to efficiency and cost reduction in plant cultivation using, and control of shipping time. However, this does not apply to the recognition that red light contributes to plant elongation promotion as in the past, and there is a possibility that light other than red light may contribute to elongation promotion depending on plants. The point that the inventors of the present invention have found a problem in that the point, and that clarification thereof has a great significance in the efficiency, practical application, etc. in plant cultivation using an artificial light source in the future, could be done only by finding out a problem. That is. Here, “blue” refers to light having a wavelength of about 470 nm ± 15 nm, and “blue-green” refers to light having a peak wavelength of about 500 nm ± 15 nm.
[0011]
In addition, LEDs are free from emission line spectrum mixing and ultraviolet and infrared radiations seen in other light sources, can emit monochromatic light with a small spectral half width without using a filter, and are relatively inexpensive. In addition, since infrared, red, orange, yellow, green, blue-green, blue, purple, etc., can be selected almost freely emission color, light, among blue or blue-green light, It can be reasonably set so that the light in the wavelength region having the highest growth efficiency according to the type of the plant is obtained. Needless to say, effects such as a higher luminous efficiency, fewer problems related to heat radiation, and a longer life as compared with other light sources can be achieved at the same time.
[0012]
Further, a spectrum of light emitted from the light emitting unit is set based on at least a combination of a type of a plant to be irradiated, a main stem length in the plant, a leaf area, and an extension target site such as a petiole length. You may do so. With such a configuration, the shape of each desired part of the plant can be controlled according to the plant variety, the growing time thereof, and the like, so that more efficient and accurate plant growing can be performed.
[0013]
To give a specific example, if the light from the light emitting section is controlled to a shape that can efficiently receive light for growth, the plant can be efficiently grown with less light thereafter. become. In addition, in a method using a growth promoter or a growth inhibitor for shape control in a horticultural plant or the like, it takes many days to produce an effect, and it is difficult to control due to the influence of residual chemicals and the like, and the environment is polluted. Although there is a danger, in the present invention using light, horticultural plants and the like can be easily formed into a shape according to consumer's preference, and the environment is not adversely affected.
[0014]
In particular, when the combination is a specific one, it is desirable to make the spectrum of the light blue or blue-green dominant when promoting the elongation of the plant.
[0015]
Specific examples of the specific type of plant include eggplant, cabbage, marigold, cucumber, sunflower, cauliflower, broccoli, komatsuna, and the like. It has been clarified by earnest study of the inventor of the present application.
[0016]
As a plant stretching device that realizes such a plant stretching method according to the present invention by saving labor, a light emitting unit having a plurality of LEDs that irradiate light to a plant, and a light spectrum can be changed to the light emitting unit A power supply unit for supplying power to the light, a discriminating unit for discriminating the type of the plant to be irradiated with light, and controlling the power supply unit according to the type of the plant discriminated by the discriminating unit to be emitted from the light emitting unit. A light spectrum setting unit for setting the spectrum of the light to be emitted, and when the plant to be irradiated is of a predetermined specific type, the light spectrum setting unit promotes the elongation of the plant. For example, the light emitted from the light emitting unit may have a spectrum in which blue or blue-green dominates.
[0017]
As a suitable device for performing finer morphological control such as extension control for each plant part, a light emitting unit having a plurality of LEDs for irradiating light to a plant, and the light emitting unit for the light emitting unit A power supply unit for supplying power so that the spectrum of the light can be changed, a discriminating unit for discriminating the type of plant to be irradiated with light and a target extension site of the plant, and the type of plant determined by the discriminating unit and elongation in the plant It is preferable that the apparatus further includes a light spectrum setting unit that controls the power supply unit based on at least a combination with a target part and sets a spectrum of light emitted from the light emitting unit.
[0018]
In such a configuration, the light spectrum setting unit controls the power supply unit based on at least a combination of a plant type, a main stem length in the plant, a leaf area, and a target extension site such as a petiole length. It is more preferable to set the spectrum of the light emitted from the light emitting unit.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0020]
FIG. 1 shows a plant stretching device 1 according to the present embodiment. The plant stretching device 1 includes a light emitting unit 2 that emits light for plant stretching, a power supply unit 3 that supplies power to change the spectrum of light emitted to the light emitting unit 2, and a growing unit. A discriminating unit 4 for discriminating the type of the target plant 6; an optical spectrum setting unit 5 for controlling the power supply unit 3 according to the type of the plant 6 discriminated by the discriminating unit 4 to set the spectrum of the light; It is provided with.
[0021]
Each part will be described in detail. As shown in FIG. 2, the light emitting unit 2 is configured by laying a large number of multiple types of LEDs 21 that emit different spectrum lights on one surface of a flat substrate 22, and the light emitted from the LEDs 21 is directed toward the plant 6. It is installed so that it faces. The LED 21 is, for example, a shell type.
[0022]
The power supply unit 3 supplies power such that the light emission intensity can be changed independently for each of the LEDs 21 to the various LEDs 21. As a specific power supply mode, the present embodiment employs, for example, a PWM method, and sets a duty ratio in a supply power waveform for each of the LEDs 21 to various LEDs 21 by receiving or receiving an external control signal. I can do it. By setting the duty ratio, the light emission intensity of each of the LEDs 21 to the various LEDs 21 is changed, so that the spectrum and light intensity of the light emitted from the entire light emitting unit 2 can be changed.
[0023]
The determination unit 4 determines the type of the irradiation target plant 6 based on, for example, an input by an operator. Of course, besides, for example, a type indicator such as a barcode sheet may be attached to the plant 6 and the type of the plant 6 may be automatically determined by automatically reading the type display.
[0024]
The light spectrum setting unit 5 generates an external control signal for setting the spectrum of the light according to the type of the irradiation target plant 6 determined by the determination unit 4, and outputs the external control signal to the power supply unit. 3 is transmitted. Specifically, for example, the control signal specifying data storage unit D1 storing the identifier indicating the type of the plant 6 and the identifier of the external control signal in a pair is accessed, and the external control corresponding to the type of the irradiation target plant 6 is performed. The signal is specified and the external control signal is transmitted to the power supply unit 3.
[0025]
The discriminating unit 4, the optical spectrum setting unit 5, the control signal specifying data storage unit D1, and the like are configured using an information processing device 7 in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the information processing device 7 includes a CPU 101, an internal memory 102, an external storage device 103 such as an HDD, a communication interface 104 such as a modem, a display 105, and input means 106 such as a mouse and a keyboard. The CPU 101 and its peripheral devices are operated in accordance with a program set in a predetermined area such as the internal memory 102 or the external storage device 103, so that the determination unit 4, the optical spectrum setting unit 5, the control signal specifying data storage unit D1 It is configured to function as Such an information processing device 7 may be a general-purpose computer or a dedicated computer.
[0026]
Next, a plant elongation method using the plant elongation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment configured as described above will be described below.
[0027]
First, the operator inputs the type of the plant 6 to be grown or an identifier indicating the type (step S1 in FIG. 4).
[0028]
Then, the determining unit 4 determines the type of the irradiation target plant 6 based on the input (Step S2 in FIG. 4).
[0029]
Next, the light spectrum setting unit 5 specifies an external control signal for setting a light spectrum according to the type of the irradiation target plant 6 with reference to the contents of the control signal specifying data storage unit D1 (step in FIG. 4). S3). Then, the external control signal is transmitted to the power supply unit 3 when promoting the elongation of the plant 6 (step S4 in FIG. 4).
[0030]
After that, the power supply unit 3 supplies power to the light emitting unit 2 based on the external control signal (Step S5 in FIG. 4), and finally, the light emitting unit 2 has a predetermined spectrum that is uniquely determined by the power supply mode. The plant 6 is irradiated with light (step S6 in FIG. 4).
[0031]
However, in the present embodiment, the specific type of plant 6 (eg, eggplant, cabbage, marigold, cucumber, sunflower, cauliflower, broccoli, komatsuna, etc.) is not a red light but a blue or yellow light when elongation is promoted. And more specifically, in the case of eggplant, a wavelength near 470 nm, that is, light having a spectrum in which blue is dominant. In the case of sunflowers, for example, light having a wavelength in the vicinity of 500 nm, that is, light having a spectrum in which blue-green dominates is applied.
[0032]
This is because, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in eggplant (cultivar name 'Kuroyo') and sunflower (cultivar name 'Pinothio'), the main stem length is particularly shorter in blue light than red light. The present inventor has found that the elongation effect is large. The present inventor has also conducted similar experiments on various other plants 6 such as lettuce and tomato as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9.
[0033]
In these experiments, five types of light (main wavelength: 470 nm = blue light, 500 nm = blue-green light, 525 nm = green light, 660 nm = red light, 680 nm = red light) were used to make the physical energy uniform on the soil surface. (6.3 W / m ^ 2) was irradiated to the plant 6. Further, as a control, a plant 6 irradiated with light from a white fluorescent lamp is grown, and its growth degree is set to 100.
[0034]
Thus, as summarized in FIG. 9, according to this result, the effect of the difference in light quality (optical spectrum) of each plant 6 on elongation is clear, and the degree of the effect and the manner of action are large. It can be seen that there is a difference. In particular, the effect of inhibiting the elongation of stems of blue light has been well known, and there are some which exhibit such properties (lettuce, tomato, spinach, etc.), but eggplant, cabbage, marigold, cucumber, sunflower, cauliflower, broccoli Conversely, some species such as komatsuna and the like promote stem elongation.
[0035]
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to promote the elongation with the blue or yellow light even for a specific type of plant 6 whose elongation is not promoted by the red light, and it is expected that the variety will be increased in the future. It can greatly contribute to efficiency and cost reduction in plant cultivation using artificial light sources. Conversely, red light can be applied to the specific type of plant 6 whose elongation is not promoted by red light so as to suppress the elongation. Various fine growth controls are possible.
[0036]
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. As is clear from the above-described experimental results, the effect of promoting the growth of light quality differs depending on the site, for example, main stem length, total dry weight, leaf area, petiole length, etc. even in the same plant. Therefore, in the discriminating unit, the type of plant to be irradiated and the target extension site of the plant are discriminated, and based on the type of plant and the target extension site discriminated by the discriminating unit, the light spectrum is set by the light spectrum setting unit. It may be set. With such a configuration, the elongation of each desired part of the plant can be controlled in accordance with the plant variety, the growing time thereof, and the like, so that more efficient and accurate plant shape control can be performed.
[0037]
Further, the information processing apparatus may be configured to add various other functions and to input only the shipping time, the target expansion value, and the like, so that the light control is automatically performed thereafter.
[0038]
Conversely, without using the information processing device, the worker may set the power supply unit according to the plant variety and the purpose of growing, and emit blue or yellow light from the light emitting unit. Good.
[0039]
Further, the light emitting portion may be made of the same type of LED. In such a case, a plurality of light emitting units that emit light having different spectra from each other are prepared in advance, and the operator replaces the light emitting unit with a light emitting unit that can emit a desired spectrum light in accordance with a plant or its growing target site. What should I do?
[0040]
There is no limitation on the mode of laying the LEDs, and various modes such as a matrix shape, a staggered shape, and a concentric shape are possible. The LED is not limited to the shell type, but may be a chip type.
[0041]
In addition, the light emitting unit may further include a light guiding unit such as an optical fiber, and the light from the LED may be guided to the plant by the light guiding unit. In this way, the LED can be isolated from the plant, so that the heat generated by the heat can be minimized.
[0042]
In addition, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the elongation can be promoted by blue or yellow light even for specific plants that do not promote elongation by red light, so that future variety It can greatly contribute to efficiency and cost reduction in plant cultivation using an artificial light source, which is expected to increase, and control of shipping time. However, this does not apply to the recognition that red light contributes to plant elongation promotion as in the past, and there is a possibility that light other than red light may contribute to elongation promotion depending on plants. The point that the inventors of the present invention have found a problem in that the point, and that clarification thereof has a great significance in the efficiency, practical application, etc. in plant cultivation using an artificial light source in the future, could be done only by finding out a problem. That is.
[0044]
In addition, LEDs are free from emission line spectrum mixing and ultraviolet and infrared radiations seen in other light sources, can emit monochromatic light with a small spectral half width without using a filter, and are relatively inexpensive. In addition, since infrared, red, orange, yellow, green, blue-green, blue, purple, etc., can be selected almost freely emission color, light, among blue-based or yellow-based light, It can be reasonably set so that the light in the wavelength region having the highest growth efficiency according to the type of the plant is obtained. Needless to say, effects such as a higher luminous efficiency, fewer problems related to heat radiation, and a longer life as compared with other light sources can be achieved at the same time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a plant stretching device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a light irradiation unit in the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a device configuration diagram of the information processing apparatus according to the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a plant elongation method in the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the influence of monochromatic light irradiation on the growth of a single variety of eggplant.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of monochromatic light irradiation on the growth of one sunflower variety.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of monochromatic light irradiation on the growth of one variety of lettuce.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of monochromatic light irradiation on the growth of one cultivar of tomato.
FIG. 9 is a relative comparison table showing the effect of monochromatic light irradiation on growth parameters of each plant.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Plant extension device 2 ... Light emission part 21 ... LED
3 Power supply unit 4 Determination unit 5 Optical spectrum setting unit 6 Plant

Claims (7)

複数のLEDを有した光射出部から光を植物に照射し、伸長させる植物伸長方法であって、
光照射対象となる植物が特定種類のものである場合には、その植物の伸長を促進させる際に、前記光射出部から射出される光のスペクトルを青色又は青緑色が優勢なものにすることを特徴とする植物伸長方法。
A plant stretching method for irradiating a plant with light from a light emitting unit having a plurality of LEDs and extending the plant,
When the plant to be irradiated with light is of a specific type, when promoting the elongation of the plant, the spectrum of light emitted from the light emitting portion is preferably blue or blue-green. A plant elongation method characterized by the above-mentioned.
複数のLEDを有した光射出部から光を植物に照射し、伸長させる植物伸長方法であって、
光照射対象となる植物の種類と、当該植物における主茎長、葉面積、葉柄長等の伸長目的部位との組み合わせに少なくとも基づいて、前記光射出部から射出される光のスペクトルを設定することを特徴とする植物伸長方法。
A plant stretching method for irradiating a plant with light from a light emitting unit having a plurality of LEDs and extending the plant,
Setting the spectrum of the light emitted from the light emitting unit based at least on the combination of the type of the plant to be irradiated with light, the main stem length in the plant, the leaf area, and the extension target site such as the petiole length. A plant elongation method characterized by the above-mentioned.
前記組み合わせが特定のものである場合に、その植物の伸長を促進させる際に、前記光のスペクトルを青色又は青緑色が優勢なものにすることを特徴とする請求項2記載の植物伸長方法。The plant elongation method according to claim 2, wherein when the combination is a specific one, blue or blue-green dominates the spectrum of the light when promoting the elongation of the plant. 前記特定種類の植物が、ナス、キャベツ、マリーゴールド、キュウリ、ヒマワリ、カリフラワー、ブロッコリー、コマツナのいずれかである請求項1記載の植物伸長方法。The plant elongation method according to claim 1, wherein the specific type of plant is any of eggplant, cabbage, marigold, cucumber, sunflower, cauliflower, broccoli, and komatsuna. 植物に光を照射する複数のLEDを有した光射出部と、その光射出部に光のスペクトルを変更可能に電力を供給する電力供給部と、光照射対象となる植物の種類を判別する判別部と、その判別部で判別した植物の種類に応じて前記電力供給部を制御し前記光射出部から射出される光のスペクトルを設定する光スペクトル設定部とを備えてなり、
光照射対象となる植物が予め定めた特定種類のものである場合には、前記光スペクトル設定部が、その植物の伸長を促進すべく前記光射出部から射出される光のスペクトルを、青色又は青緑色が優勢なものにすることを特徴とする植物伸長装置。
A light emitting unit having a plurality of LEDs for irradiating a plant with light, a power supply unit for supplying power to the light emitting unit so that the spectrum of light can be changed, and a determination for determining a type of a plant to be irradiated with light Unit, comprising a light spectrum setting unit that controls the power supply unit according to the type of plant determined by the determination unit and sets the spectrum of light emitted from the light emission unit,
When the plant to be irradiated with light is of a predetermined specific type, the light spectrum setting unit sets the spectrum of light emitted from the light emitting unit to promote elongation of the plant, blue or A plant stretching device characterized by making blue-green dominant.
植物に光を照射する複数のLEDを有した光射出部と、その光射出部に光のスペクトルを変更可能に電力を供給する電力供給部と、光照射対象となる植物の種類を判別する判別部と、その判別部で判別した植物の種類及びその植物における伸長目的部位との組み合わせに少なくとも基づいて前記電力供給部を制御し前記光射出部から射出される光のスペクトルを設定する光スペクトル設定部とを備えていることを特徴とする植物伸長装置。A light emitting unit having a plurality of LEDs for irradiating the plant with light, a power supply unit for supplying power to the light emitting unit so that the spectrum of light can be changed, and a determination for determining a type of the plant to be irradiated with light And a light spectrum setting for controlling the power supply unit based on at least a combination of the type of the plant determined by the determination unit and the target extension site in the plant, and setting a spectrum of light emitted from the light emission unit. And a plant extension device. 前記組み合わせが予め定めた特定のものである場合に、その植物の伸長を促進すべく、前記光スペクトル設定部が前記光のスペクトルを青色又は青緑色の優勢なものにすることを特徴とする請求項6記載の植物伸長装置。When the combination is a predetermined specific one, in order to promote the elongation of the plant, the light spectrum setting unit makes the spectrum of the light blue or blue-green dominant. Item 7. The plant stretching device according to Item 6.
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JP2009053225A (en) * 2007-08-23 2009-03-12 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd Illumination device
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JP2009053225A (en) * 2007-08-23 2009-03-12 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd Illumination device
JP2011000026A (en) * 2009-06-17 2011-01-06 Fujitsu Ltd Plant cultivation system
WO2012070435A1 (en) 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 シャープ株式会社 Light emitting device, led light source for plant cultivation, and plant factory
US9666769B2 (en) 2010-11-25 2017-05-30 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Light emitting device, LED light source for plant cultivation, and plant factory
JP2012200231A (en) * 2011-03-28 2012-10-22 Graduate School For The Creation Of New Photonics Industries Method of after-ripening fruit
JP2013005741A (en) * 2011-06-23 2013-01-10 Citizen Holdings Co Ltd Plant growing device
JP2013065709A (en) * 2011-09-16 2013-04-11 Sharp Corp Light emitting device and light irradiation device including the same
CN103765617A (en) * 2011-09-16 2014-04-30 夏普株式会社 Light emitting apparatus, and light irradiation apparatus provided with light emitting apparatus
US9400088B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2016-07-26 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Light emitting apparatus, and light irradiation apparatus provided with light emitting apparatus
WO2013038878A1 (en) 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 シャープ株式会社 Light emitting apparatus, and light irradiation apparatus provided with light emitting apparatus
JP2013147584A (en) * 2012-01-20 2013-08-01 Solidlite Corp Plant growth light-emitting diode
JP2013080969A (en) * 2013-01-30 2013-05-02 Sharp Corp Light-emitting device and light irradiation apparatus including the same
KR102155522B1 (en) * 2020-02-06 2020-09-14 김민성 Cultivation device that reproduces the sunrise and sunset of the sun

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