JP2004330534A - Molded acoustic material obtained by recycled tile carpet - Google Patents

Molded acoustic material obtained by recycled tile carpet Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004330534A
JP2004330534A JP2003127477A JP2003127477A JP2004330534A JP 2004330534 A JP2004330534 A JP 2004330534A JP 2003127477 A JP2003127477 A JP 2003127477A JP 2003127477 A JP2003127477 A JP 2003127477A JP 2004330534 A JP2004330534 A JP 2004330534A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
molded
synthetic fiber
sound
fiber
tile carpet
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JP2003127477A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hideyuki Onari
英之 大成
Hiroaki Machimoto
博明 町元
Koji Koshiyama
浩司 越山
Yoshihiko Hashimoto
芳彦 橋本
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Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003127477A priority Critical patent/JP2004330534A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a molded acoustic material which is fitted to the surfaces of a sound insulating wall, a bridge, etc., to be used and is good in sound absorption characteristics in a middle sound region for building and civil engineering from a recovered tile carpet and an end material and a waste material produced in production. <P>SOLUTION: The recovered tile carpet and the end material and waste material produced in production are crushed to obtain a crushed material. A compound is obtained by mixing core-in-sheath type synthetic fibers and/or low melting point synthetic fibers. A molding 7 which is heated/pressurized/molded by being held between hot plates for a molding time within 20 min is obtained. A through hole 8 opened in an opening rate of 5-30% in an area ratio is formed in the molding 7. The single molding, the laminate of the molding 7 having the through hole 8, or the molding 7 having the through hole 8 is laminated on the molding 7A having no through hole to obtain the molded acoustic material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、タイルカーペットをリサイクルした成形吸音材に関するものである。より詳しくは、タイルカーペットの粉砕物と、特定の合成繊維とを混合した配合物を20分以内で加熱、加圧成形した成形体単独、又は該成形体を複数枚以上積層した積層物からなり、防音壁や橋梁等の表面に取り付けて使用する成形吸音材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来よりタイルカーペット製造時には裁断端材が発生し、また、使用済みタイルカーペットは殆ど建築廃材としてリサイクルされることなく廃棄処分されていた。ところが、近年、地球環境の保護と資源の有効活用の観点から、廃タイルカーペットの残材及び端材、リニューアルに伴う廃材の処理が課題となっている。現在、タイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層の9割以上が塩化ビニール系樹脂に依存しており、適正処理及びリサイクル方法の開発が望まれている。
【0003】
一方、高速道路側壁、橋梁及びトンネル出入口周辺側壁に使用される吸音材としては、グラスウール、ロックウール、アルミニウム等の繊維状多孔質部材、ポリエステル等の合成繊維からなる不織布、セラミック系、発泡ポリウレタン等の多孔質吸音材が挙げられ、中でも、ガラス繊維は耐熱性、耐燃焼性、吸音特性に優れるので多く使用されている。これらの多孔質吸音材は内部に連通した空隙を有し、空隙内に音波が入射すると、ファイバーや吸音材空隙内における壁面での粘性摩擦等により、音のエネルギーが材料内に吸収されることによって吸音がなされるものである。また、特定の周波数の吸音性能を向上させる目的で、有孔板などが使用されており、グラスウール、ロックウール等の繊維状多孔質部材を前記有孔板に収めて吸音パネルとして成形したものが、高速道路の防音壁等に組み込まれて用いられている。
【0004】
前記グラスウール、ロックウール等の繊維状多孔質部材を高速道路側壁、橋梁及びトンネル出入口周辺側壁に使用される吸音材とする場合、前記グラスウール、ロックウール等の繊維状多孔質部材は、吸湿性、吸水性が高く、吸湿量または吸水量が増大するほど、吸音性能の低下を招くという問題があった。また、これらの繊維状多孔質部材は、一端、吸水すると、乾燥しにくいため、水分を吸収すると、乾燥速度が遅く、層間剥離を起こしたり、形状の保持が難しくなるという問題があった。このため、前記グラスウール、ロックウール等の繊維状多孔質部材を有孔板に収めて吸音パネルとして用いる場合には、耐水性と飛散防止の目的からテトラフルオロエチレン系の薄膜の袋の中に繊維状多孔質部材が詰め込まれて用いられている。
【0005】
ところで、このテトラフルオロエチレン系の薄膜は、面積が大きいために作業中に破れ易く、一旦雨水が袋の中に滞留し外部に蒸発することができない。その結果、繊維状多孔質部材は水分と自身の自重により、上部よりしだいに垂下沈降現象を惹起し、吸音性能が極めて低下するという問題があった。また、グラスウール、ロックウール等の繊維状多孔質体は、吸音性能には優れているものの、取り付け作業時に部分的に破壊されたり、長期間使用による劣化や走行車両による振動で折れが生じ、ガラス破片等の粉塵が飛散して環境に悪影響を与えるという問題があった。
【0006】
タイルカーペットの端材又は廃材を粉砕後、防音材としてリサイクルする方法については、使用済みカーペットにバインダー樹脂を混合して成形する防音材の製造方法であるが、使用済みカーペットの破砕物にポリウレタン樹脂、EVA樹脂等合成樹脂エマルジョン、SBR等合成ゴムエマルジョン、あるいは、フェノール樹脂等からなる熱硬化性樹脂等のバインダー樹脂を混合し、バインダー樹脂によりカーペット破砕物を融着して成形品とし、防音材を製造する方法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0007】
また、カーペットの端材又は廃材を粉砕して粉砕物とし、その後に、加熱、加圧成形して成形品としてリサイクルすることや(例えば、特許文献2、3参照。)、更に、カーペット裁断屑を反毛機又は粉砕機で処理した物を含む高融点繊維と、低融点樹脂又は低融点繊維からなる混合物を加熱成形して該混合物中の低融点樹脂を融着し、成形品としてリサイクルする方法(例えば、特許文献4参照。)が提案されているが、得られた成形品を吸音材として使用することについては検討されていない。
【0008】
また、吸音パネルとして、開口を介して中空部を設け、開口から中空部に取り込んだ音を中空部内で共鳴させ、音のエネルギーを摩擦抵抗等により熱エネルギーに変換して減衰させて防音させるレゾネ−ター式吸音パネルやパネルに有底又は貫通した孔部を設けた有孔板が公知である(例えば、特許文献5、6参照。)。
【0009】
タイルカーペットの端材等の廃材を主成分としたプレス成形体を吸音材として使用するためには、成形体の表面は、タイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層及び低融点繊維を含む繊維成分の溶融樹脂で覆われない状態、いわゆる、成形体表面に表面スキン層が形成されず、音の反射が少ない構造とし、且つ雨水等による吸水し難い成形体とすることが重要であった。そのためには、タイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層成分及び表面パイル層成分と低融点繊維からなる繊維成分を、成形体表面と成形体内部でほぼ均一に溶融させる必要があった。
【0010】
【特許文献1】
特開平7−124971号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平8‐142073号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平9−109164号公報
【特許文献4】
特開平10−286886号公報
【特許文献5】
特開平11−6224号公報
【特許文献6】
特開昭53−99612号公報
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明が前述の状況に鑑み、解決しようとするところは、市場経年したタイルカーペットの廃材、又は製造工程で発生する端材等の廃材を、埋立て処理することなく有効利用できるとともに、高速道路側壁や橋梁、トンネル出入口周辺側壁等の吸音材として要求される1000〜2000Hzあたりの特定の周波数領域において優れた吸音特性を有し、且つ、吸水性の低い成形吸音材を提供する点にある。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、次の項を内容とする。
(1)タイルカーペットの粉砕物40重量%以上95重量%以下と、鞘部が200℃以下の融点を持つ芯鞘構造を有する合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は、200℃以下の融点を持つ合成繊維(ロ)5重量%以上60重量%以下とを混合した配合物を、加熱及び加圧成形する時間を20分以下とし、加熱板に挟んで加熱、加圧プレスして得られる、密度が0.5g/cm以上1.0g/cm以下の成形体からなる成形吸音材。
【0013】
(2)前記加熱、加圧プレスしてなる成形体を複数枚以上積層した積層物からなる(1)記載の成形吸音材。
【0014】
(3)前記芯鞘構造を有する合成繊維(イ)の鞘部が、200℃以下の融点を持つポリエステル系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂又はポリエチレン系樹脂で構成された(1)又は(2)記載の成形吸音材。
【0015】
(4)前記芯鞘構造を有する合成繊維(イ)が、鞘部の融点が芯部の融点より20℃以上低く、芯部がポリエステル系樹脂又はポリプロピレン系樹脂で構成された繊維である(1)〜(3)の何れか1記載の成形吸音材。
【0016】
(5)前記200℃以下の融点を持つ合成繊維(ロ)が低融点ポリエステル系共重合体繊維又は低融点ポリアミド系共重合体繊維からなる合成繊維である(1)〜(4)の何れか1記載の成形吸音材。
【0017】
(6)タイルカーペットの粉砕物と、前記合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は、前記合成繊維(ロ)の混合物100重量部に対して、0.5重量部以上30重量部以下の水を添加してなる配合物を、加熱、加圧成形する(1)〜(5)の何れか1記載の成形吸音材。
【0018】
(7)タイルカーペットの粉砕物の樹脂裏打ち層が塩化ビニル系樹脂である(1)〜(6)の何れか1記載の成形吸音材。
【0019】
(8)タイルカーペットの粉砕物の粒径が、3mm以上30mm以下である(1)〜(7)の何れか1記載の成形吸音材。
【0020】
(9)前記成形体において、成形体の少なくとも1枚に面積比率で開口率5%以上30%以下で開口した有底又は貫通した孔部を設けた成形吸音材であって、該孔部を設けた成形体単独、又は、該孔部を設けた成形体同士の積層物、該孔部を設けた成形体に開口を設けていない成形体を積層した積層物から選択される(1)〜(8)の何れか1記載の成形吸音材。
【0021】
尚、上記合成繊維(イ)の芯部、鞘部、及び合成繊維(ロ)の融点は、それぞれ示差操作型熱量計を用いて、試料5mg、昇温速度20℃/分として測定して得た融解吸熱曲線の最大値を与える温度とした。また、融点を持たないものについては、軟化温度を融点とした。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の実施形態を添付図面に基づき詳細に説明する。
【0023】
本発明で使用するタイルカーペットは、図1に示すように表面パイル層1と樹脂裏打ち層2とから構成されており、JIS L4406で規定されるものである。
【0024】
この表面パイル層1は、前記樹脂裏打ち層2に積層される不織布等の基布及びこれに植設されるパイルからなり、該パイルを構成する繊維素材としては、ナイロンフィラメント、ポリプロピレンフィラメント、ウール、アクリル、ポリエステルフィラメントが使用されているが、その内、ナイロンフィラメント及びポリプロピレンフィラメントが大半を占めている。本発明では、表面パイル層1のパイルを構成する繊維素材としては、上記した繊維素材の中でもナイロンフィラメント、ポリプロピレンフィラメント、ポリエステルフィラメントで構成された物が好ましい。表面パイル層1の割合は、例えば、該繊維成分がナイロンフィラメントやポリプロピレンフィラメントの場合、タイルカーペット全体の5〜30重量%の範囲で通常は12〜16重量%であり、特に約15重量%を占める物が多い。
【0025】
樹脂裏打ち層2を構成する素材としては、塩化ビニール系樹脂、ビチューメン、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリオレフィン系樹脂等が挙げられるが、日本で製造されるタイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層2は、塩化ビニール系樹脂を用いたものが9割以上を占めるが、本発明においても、この塩化ビニル系樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂にて裏打ちされたタイルカーペットが良好に使用できる。
【0026】
タイルカーペットの製品形状は、例えば、50cm×50cm、厚み約6mmで、表面パイル層1と樹脂裏打ち層2の厚みがほぼ同じ程度のものが通常用いられている。
【0027】
タイルカーペットの廃材又は端材を粉砕物とした後に、後で詳しく述べる鞘部が200℃以下の融点を持ち、該鞘部と後述する合成繊維等からなる芯部とで形成される芯鞘構造を有する合成繊維(この合成繊維を単に合成繊維(イ)と称すことがある。)、及び/又は、200℃以下の融点を持つ合成繊維(この合成繊維を単に合成繊維(ロ)と称すことがある。)を混合した後に、20分以内で加熱、加圧成形(プレス成形)した成形体、及び該成形体を複数枚積層して成形吸音材とするものである。
【0028】
尚、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と前記合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の混合物を加熱、加圧成形する場合、タイルカーペットの表面パイル層1を形成する繊維成分は、リサイクルを行う点から分離除去することなく使用することが好ましい。
【0029】
本発明の成形吸音材は、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と前記合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)を混合した配合物を20分以内で加熱、加圧成形して形成される成形体、及び該成形体の積層物からなるが、前記配合物の加熱、加圧方法としては、加熱板に挟んで加圧する成形方法の他、密閉容器中に過熱水蒸気を吹き込んで加熱しプレス成形する方法や、連続加熱プレスで成形する方法等を用いることができる。前記した加熱方法でプレス成形を行なう場合には、加熱工程と加圧するプレス成形工程を同時に行うか、または、連続的若しくは断続的に2段階に分けて加熱工程の後に加圧工程を設けて行うこともできる。尚、連続加熱プレスで成形する方法としては、エンドレスベルトの上面に配合物を載せて上下方向から加熱板により断続的に加熱と加圧を行うようにして連続的に成形する方法等が挙げられる。
【0030】
本発明で用いる鞘部6が200℃以下の融点を持つ芯鞘構造を有する合成繊維(イ)は、図2に示すように、繊維本体となる芯部5の周囲に被覆材が被覆され、鞘部6を形成する2層構造の繊維である。芯部5の素材としては、有機繊維や無機繊維で形成することも可能であるが、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂(ナイロン系樹脂)、アクリロニトリル系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂等の合成繊維により形成されるものが好ましい。
【0031】
芯部5がポリプロピレン繊維で鞘部6が低融点ポリエチレンである複合繊維(例えばチッソ株式会社製「ES繊維」)及び芯部5がポリエステル繊維で鞘部6がポリエステル系共重合体で構成されたものは、繊度、繊維長、融点が異なる幾種もの物が市販されている。このため、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と、合成繊維(イ)を混合して成形体を製造する際に、該合成繊維(イ)の繊度、繊維長、融点の選択幅が広いため、後述するように、成形体の外観性、均一性が良好な成形体を容易に得ることができるため好ましい。更に、より低い温度で鞘部6が軟化する合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)を使用することによって、より温和な成形加工条件を選択しても成形体の表面から内部をほぼ均一に溶融することが容易と成るためより好ましい。
【0032】
例えば、鞘部6を形成する被覆材として、芯部5の素材より20℃以上150℃以下低い融点を持ち、かつ、200℃以下の融点、好ましくは70℃以上170℃以下の融点を持つ材料で形成されるもの、例えば、ポリエステル系共重合体、ポリアミド系共重合体、ポリエチレン系樹脂により構成されるものが挙げられる。これら合成繊維(イ)の芯部5と鞘部6の重量比率が、30:70〜60:40のものは接着性が高いので好ましい。
【0033】
また、200℃以下の融点を持つ合成繊維(ロ)としては、低融点ポリエステル系共重合体繊維又は低融点ポリアミド系共重合体繊維が汎用的に用いることでき、成形性が良好となるため好ましい。
【0034】
タイルカーペットの粉砕物3に対し、合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の配合量は、5重量%以上60重量%以下の範囲であると、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3との混合状態が良くなり、成形体の均一性が向上するため好ましい。
この範囲の配合量であれば、合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)同士の過剰な融着が抑制され、コスト的にも有利な成形体を得ることができる。更に、表面パイル層1と合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)、樹脂裏打ち層2と合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の融着性を向上する点から、5〜30重量%を配合することが好ましい。
【0035】
前記合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)のタイルカーペットの粉砕物3への配合量が60重量%を超えると、当該合成繊維同士の融着が起こり、目詰まりによる空隙減少やスキン層形成が起こり、吸音特性が低下するとともに、成形吸音材が硬くなるため端部を切断する等の後加工が困難に成り、また、タイルカーペットのリサイクル効率が低下することになる。5重量%未満では、前記合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)を配合しても、密度の低い成形体とし難く、成形体内部でのタイルカーペットの樹脂成分の融着が進むこととなって、空隙が形成され難くなるため、成形体の吸音特性が低下してしまうとともに、成形に要する圧力・温度・時間がともに増大し、コスト等の点でも不利である。
【0036】
本発明の合成繊維(イ)の芯部5を構成するポリエステル系樹脂としてはテレフタル酸、イソフタル酸、ナフタレン−2、6−ジカルボン酸、フタル酸、α,β−(4−カルボキシフェノキシ)エタン、4,4’−ジカルボキシジフェニル、5−ナトリウムスルホイソフタル酸等の芳香族ジカルボン酸;アゼライン酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸等の脂肪族ジカルボン酸とエチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、1,3−プロパンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、シクロヘキサン−1,4−ジメタノール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリテトラメチレングリコール等のジオールからなる繊維形成性のポリエステル系樹脂を挙げることができ、構成単位の80モル%以上がエチレンテレフタレート単位であることが好ましい。
【0037】
また、本発明の合成繊維(イ)の芯部5を構成するポリプロピレン系樹脂としては、プロピレンの単独重合体、またはプロピレンと、エチレン、1−ブテン、1−ヘキセン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン、1−オクテンなどのα−オレフィンとの共重合体が挙げられる。
【0038】
一方、本発明の合成繊維(イ)の鞘部6及び合成繊維(ロ)には、融点が200℃以下である熱可塑性の低融点ポリマーを配する。鞘部6を構成するポリエステル系樹脂及び合成繊維(ロ)の低融点ポリエステル系共重合体繊維は、ポリエチレンテレフタレートにフタル酸、イソフタル酸、セバシン酸、アジピン酸、エチレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール等から選ばれた1種あるいは2種以上の化合物を共重合したものであることが好ましい。とりわけ融点200℃以下のポリエチレンテレフタレート/イソフタレートは安価で取り扱い易く好ましい。
【0039】
また、合成繊維(イ)の鞘部6を構成するポリアミド系樹脂及び合成繊維(ロ)の低融点ポリアミド系共重合体繊維は、ナイロン6、ナイロン66、ナイロン12等を主成分とする脂肪族ポリアミド、半芳香族ポリアミドに、少量の第3成分としてセバシン酸、イソフタル酸、11−アミノウンデカン酸、12−アミノドデカン酸、パラキシレンギアミド等を構成成分とするポリアミドあるいはこれらのポリアミド系共重合体であることが好ましい。
【0040】
また、合成繊維(イ)の鞘部6を構成するポリエチレン系樹脂としては、高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)、中密度ポリエチレン、線状低密度ポリエチレン(LLDPE)、低密度ポリエチレン及びエチレンとα−オレフィンの共重合体等が挙げられる。また、アクリル酸等の他の物質を少量共重合させた共重合ポリエチレンであってもよい。
【0041】
次に、成形体の表面構造及び空隙の形成状態について説明する。タイルカーペットの粉砕物3はタイルカーペットの表面パイル層を形成する繊維成分がタイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層2に植設された状態のものを多く含んでいる。
【0042】
そこで、粉砕物に、前記合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)を配合し、該混合物を加熱すると、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3の樹脂裏打ち層2同士が融着する部分とタイルカーペットの粉砕物3の樹脂裏打ち層2と、合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)が融着する部分と、合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)自体が融着する部分に加え、合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)が樹脂裏打ち層2に植設された繊維成分と絡まり合い、空気を巻き込んだ状態(空間部分が形成された状態)で熱溶融し、表面パイル層1の繊維成分(パイル)と融着する部分が形成される。この内、合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)と樹脂裏打ち層2に植設された表面パイル層1の繊維成分が絡まり合い空気を巻き込んで融着する部分と、合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)自体が空気を巻き込んで熱溶融する部分が、空隙と呼ぶ部分を形成することになる。
【0043】
一方、合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の代わりに粉体やペレットから成るバインダー樹脂を使用した場合には、前記合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)と表面パイル層1の繊維成分とが絡まりあって熱融着する部分が無くなり、空隙を形成する部分に粉体やペレットから成るバインダー樹脂が充填され、空隙が前記バインダー樹脂で目詰まりした密な構造となってしまう。そのため、粉体やペレットから成るバインダー樹脂を使用するよりも合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)からなる繊維状の低融点繊維を配合することが好ましい。
【0044】
すなわち、タイルカーペットの表面パイル層1を形成する繊維成分と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)が空気を抱き込んで融着した部分がタイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層2同士の融着層の間に点在する成形体とすることで、成形体表面及び内部に空隙を設けることとなるため、吸音性能が良好となり好ましい。また、成形体表面に、タイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層を点在させ、その間を繊維成分が空隙を形成して充填される構造と成る成形体とすることで、成形体表面での音の反射を低減することができる。
【0045】
更に、合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)として、より低融点の繊維を使用した場合、より低温で該混合物の融着が生じるため、密度の低い成形体も容易に作ることが可能と成り、成形時間を大幅に短縮することができる。
【0046】
また、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の配合物を均一に分散させて加熱、加圧成形した場合、得られた成形体の表面には、樹脂裏打ち層2の粉砕物が点在し、その間を繊維成分である表面パイル層1と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)が混在して融着して存在する。そのため、該成形体に水が懸かっても、樹脂裏打ち層2の部分でそのほとんどの水が弾かれるため、グラスウール、ロックウール等の繊維状多孔質部材に対して、繊維を伝わって水が吸収される割合が低くなる。また、樹脂裏打ち層2の部分の間にある繊維に伝わって水が吸収されても、該繊維に融着した他の樹脂裏打ち層2の存在で、成形体内部まで浸透していくことが防止され、雨水が懸かることによる吸音性の低下が生じにくくなる。
【0047】
一方、合成繊維(イ)の鞘部6及び合成繊維(ロ)の融点が200℃以上である場合は、タイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層の溶融温度より高くなる場合が多く、その結果、合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)がタイルカーペットの粉砕物3を融着する効果が小さくなり、樹脂裏打ち層成分が強固に熱融着した成形体と成ってしまい吸音特性が低下する。
【0048】
また、タイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層が塩化ビニル系樹脂で構成されている場合は、200℃以上に加熱して前記合成繊維を溶融させると、塩化ビニル系樹脂の熱分解が開始するため塩化水素ガスが発生する等の問題が生じる。従って、前記合成繊維(イ)の鞘部6及び前記合成繊維(ロ)の融点は、塩化ビニル系樹脂の溶融温度以下であることが好ましく、更に、融点が70℃以上170℃以下であると、成形加工性、得られた成形体の吸音性能が良好と成るため好ましい。融点が70℃未満であると逆に配合物が分散する前に融着してしまい均一性が低下する。
【0049】
前記合成繊維(イ)及び合成繊維(ロ)の繊維長は、好ましくは3mm以上60mm以下、より好ましくは4mm以上40mm以下に設定され、単繊維繊度は、架橋点や融着性の点から好ましくは1.5dtex以上7.8dtex以下、より好ましくは2.0dtex以上4.5dtex以下に設定される。この範囲の繊維長と繊度を有する低融点で融着する合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)を使用すると、得られる成形体の吸音性能がさらに良好となる。繊維長が3mm未満では、繊維の融着による成形体内部での空隙形成能が少なくなり、また、60mm以上では繊維とタイルカーペットの粉砕物3の混合物が斑に成り易く、その結果、不均一な成形体と成り易い。
【0050】
タイルカーペットの粉砕物3は、汎用の粉砕機、例えば、一軸剪断式粉砕機、ロータリーカッター、ハンマミル等の粉砕機を使用すると、容易に粉砕物を得ることができる。また、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3の粒径は、3mm以上30mm以下が好ましい。この大きさの粉砕物とすれば、前記合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)との混合が容易となり均一化し易い。更に、4mm以上10mm以下に粉砕すると、成形体の表面性が良好と成り、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3が点在した表面状態となり易く好ましい。また、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3の粒径は、前記粉砕機に、所定の開口径を有するパンチングメタルを設置して粉砕することにより、所望の粒径の粉砕物を得ることができる。
【0051】
タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の混合は、後述する混合機を使用して混合すると、容易に均一な混合物を得ることができる。通常、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3は色が付いており、合成繊維(イ)及び合成繊維(ロ)は白色等、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3との色が異なるため、配合物の色が均一に成るまで混合して取出せば良い。また、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)を混合する場合、合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の綿を、例えば、開繊機等で解して混合すると、より均一な配合物とし易いため好ましい。
【0052】
本発明に使用するタイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層2を構成する塩化ビニル系樹脂とは、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、塩化ビニル−エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体等の塩化ビニル系共重合体を含むものである。
【0053】
また、塩化ビニル系樹脂の可塑剤として、ジブチルフタレート、ジヘキシルフタレート、ジ−2−エチルヘキシルフタレート(DOP)、中でも、ジ−イソノニルフタレート、リン酸エステル系、塩素化パラフィン、トリメリット酸エステル、エポキシ化大豆油などを単独又は混合して含有するものであるが、ジ−2−エチルヘキシルフタレート(DOP)を含むものが最も多く使用されている。
【0054】
また、塩化ビニル系樹脂の充填剤として、炭酸カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、炭酸バリュウム、硫酸バリュウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、クレー、タルク等の無機充填剤を単独又は混合して含有するが、重質炭酸カルシウムが汎用的に使用される。更に、ステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸Ca−Zn、ステアリン酸Ba−Zn、Pb系金属石鹸、有機錫系安定剤の安定剤、カーボンブラック、二酸化チタン等の顔料を含むものである。
【0055】
また、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の配合物を加熱、加圧成形した成形体において、該成形体の少なくとも1枚に開口率5%以上30%以下の面積比率で開口した有底又は貫通した孔部を設け、この開口した孔部を有する成形体単独、又は、該開口した孔部を有する成形体同士の積層物、或いは、該開口した孔部を有する成形体と開口を設けない成形体の積層物を配置し、特定周波数域の吸音性を高めるように設置することが好ましい。
尚、前記開口率は、前記孔部が開口した面における開口部の総面積と開口が無いと仮定した場合の当該面の面積との面積比率である。
【0056】
図3は、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の配合物を加熱、加圧成形した成形体7に、前記孔部として貫通孔8を設け、該成形体7と開口を設けない成形体7A又は貫通孔8を設けた成形体7とを積層して配置した積層体、及び前記貫通孔8を設けた成形体7を単独で使用する成形吸音材9の実施例を示し、図面上側が音源側と成るように配置されている。
図3(a)〜(c)は、音源側に開口を設けた例、図3(d)は、音源側反対側に開口8aを設けた例、図3(e)は、貫通孔8を設けた成形体7を開口を有しない成形体7A、7Aで挟んだ例、図3(f)及び(g)は、貫通孔8を設けた複数(図示は2枚)の成形体7、7同士を積層した例、図3(h)は、貫通孔8を設けた成形体7単独からなる例をそれぞれ示している。
【0057】
図3(a)〜(c)、(f)〜(h)の如く音源側に開口8aを設けることにより、音波の接触する成形体表面積が高まるとともに、開口内部での共鳴により特定周波数域の吸音性が高まることと成る。一方、図3(d)及び(g)の如く音源側と反対裏側に開口8aを配置したものや、図3(e)の如く貫通孔8を設けた成形体7を開口を有しない成形体7A、7Aで挟んだ積層体からなる成形吸音材は、空気室が形成され、前記成形体を通過した音が空気室内で共鳴し、吸音効果が発現するものと考えられる。
【0058】
開口部は特定周波数の吸音性を改良する点から、成形体の面積比率で5%以上30%以下が好ましく、開口部の形状は円形、矩形、楕円形、菱形、三角形等、特に制限されるもので無いが、成形体を打ち抜き加工して開口部を形成する場合、加工性の点から柱状に形成し、形状を保持する上で複雑な形状としない方が望ましい。また、加熱、加圧成形時に金型を用意して開口部を形成することにより、後加工を行う手間を省くこともでき、前記柱状の開口部をテーパー状に形成することも可能となる。
【0059】
各開口8aの大きさは、0.5cm以上7.5cm以下の面積であることが好ましい。開口8aの大きさが0.5cm未満では、開口部を設けるための加工性が低下し、7.5cmより大きいと特定周波数域の吸音性が改良されないためである。
【0060】
タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)とを混合した配合物を加熱、加圧成形する際に、水を添加する、或いは、水を噴霧して均一に混合した後に、加熱、加圧成形すると、当該成形は通常100℃以上であることから水が水蒸気となって空隙を形成する発泡剤として機能し、成形体内部に空隙が形成され易くなるため好ましい。また、水を添加することにより、粉砕物と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の混合時に、該粉砕物中に含まれる粉塵や埃の飛散を抑制することもできる。
【0061】
タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と前記合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の混合物100重量部に対する水の添加量は、0.5重量部以上30重量部以下であれば、プレス成形時における成形体内部での空隙を形成し易いため好ましい。更に、成形性の面から、1重量部以上15重量部以下が好ましい。水を30重量部以上添加すると、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と前記合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)を混合する時にベタベタに成り取り扱い難くなると共に、プレス成形時の加熱において、水蒸気の発生が必要以上に多量と成ってしまい割れ等が発生する虞がある。
【0062】
更に、水を含有する合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)を使用すると、水を添加する工程を省くことができ、同時に、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の混合物への水の分散性が向上するため、該混合物の混合状態も良好とすることができるため好ましい。
【0063】
タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の混合物を加熱板に挟んで加熱、加圧してプレス成形する場合、成形体表面にタイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層の融着した層(スキン層)が形成されること無く、成形体内部に存在するタイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層を融着させ、表面から内部まで略均一に溶融した成形体を得るためには、加熱温度は150℃〜200℃とすることが好ましく、プレス時間を20分以下にして成形することが好ましい。タイルカーペットの樹脂裏打ち層2が塩化ビニル系樹脂からなる場合、プレス時間が20分を超えると、成形体表面に溶融樹脂層(スキン層)が形成されやすくなったり、成形体表面に焼けが生じ、吸音特性が低下してしまう。
【0064】
そして、プレス時間を20分以下で成形可能なように、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の配合量を選定し、防音壁や橋梁等の表面に取り付けて、中〜高周波域の自動車のエンジン音や走行音を吸音できるように成形体の厚み、密度を調整することが好ましい。
【0065】
ところで、本発明の成形体を成形吸音材として使用する場合、成形体の密度は、0.5g/cm以上1.0g/cm以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは、0.5g/cm以上0.8g/cm以下である。成形体の密度が、0.5g/cm未満であると成形体の強度が低くなり、1.0g/cmより大きいと吸音性が損なわれるためである。また、成形吸音材の厚さ(成形体を複数積層したものにあっては各成形体厚さの合計)は1.5cm以上12cm以下であることが好ましい。更に好ましくは、2cm以上6cm以下である。1.5cm未満の厚さでは、中〜高周波域の吸音性を確保するのが困難と成り、12cmを超えると設置スペースの点から問題が生じる。
【0066】
また、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3に前記合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)を配合して成形体を成形することで、成形体の密度を調整することが容易となる。建築、土木用吸音材として、例えば、高速道路側壁用吸音板としては、5cm以下、好ましくは3cm以下の厚みの薄いものが望まれている。一方、吸音性能については、一般に、厚みが厚く、嵩高いものの方が吸音性能は良好であり、従来使用されているガラス繊維板や有機繊維で構成される吸音材に対して、より厚みを薄くして良好な吸音特性を発現するように、表面スキン層を作らず、均一で空隙を維持した適度な密度を有する成形体に調整することが好ましい。
【0067】
タイルカーペットの粉砕物3と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の混合は、加圧ニーダー、リボンブレンダー、タンブラー、ヘンシェル型ミキサー等の高速ブレンダー等のミキサーを用いることにより、容易に行うことができる。例えば、加圧ニーダーを使用してタイルカーペットの粉砕物3と合成繊維(イ)及び/又は合成繊維(ロ)の混合を行う場合、剪断力をかけずに、タイルカーペットの粉砕物3を溶融させない条件で混合することにより、成形体内部の空隙を容易に確保することができ、該混合物を型枠にセットして加熱、加圧して成形した成形体は、成形体単独で、又は、積層物として、更に、開口を設けた成形体を用いた積層物として構成することにより、成形吸音材として有効活用することができる。
【0068】
【実施例】
以下に実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、この発明に係わる実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0069】
(配合物の加熱、プレス成形)
(実施例1)
表面パイル層がナイロン66、樹脂裏打ち層が塩化ビニール系樹脂で構成され、表面パイル層の繊維成分の含有量が約14.5重量%の廃タイルカーペットを、8mmφのパンチングメタルを設置した三力製作所製一軸剪断式粉砕機FS−1にて粉砕し、8mm粉砕品を定量的に回収した。次に、該粉砕物70重量部と芯鞘型低融点繊維(帝人株式会社製 テイジンテトロンTBSバインダー繊維:4.4dtex、51mm)30重量部を加圧ニーダーに投入し、5分間攪拌して混合して約924gの配合物を得た。該配合物を厚みが30mmに成るようにスペーサーを入れて280×330mmの平型に載せ、プレス板を190℃に設定した50トンプレス装置にて15分間加熱、プレス成形した。成形圧力27kg/cm(ゲージ圧;60kg/cm)で加熱、加圧成形後、冷却プレスに挟んで金型ごと冷却した。尚、本例の芯鞘型低融点繊維;テイジンテトロンTBSバインダー繊維は、芯部がポリエチレンテレフタレート、鞘部がポリエチレンテレフタレートとポリエチレンイソフタレートを組成比6/4とした共重合ポリエステルからなり、芯部の融点は260℃、鞘部の融点は75℃、芯部と鞘部の重量比率は50:50である。
【0070】
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様にして、使用済みタイルカーペット8mm粉砕品80重量部と芯鞘型低融点繊維(帝人ファイバー株式会社製 テピルス(1.7dtex、5mm、水分15%含有))23.5重量部を加圧ニーダーで5分間攪拌して混合し、配合物を得た。該配合物を厚みが15mmに成るようにスペーサーを入れて金型に載せ、プレス板を190℃に設定した50トンプレス装置にて10分間加熱、プレス成形した。加熱、加圧成形後、冷却プレスに挟んで冷却した。得られた成形体は、2枚及び3枚積層して吸音性を測定した。
【0071】
(実施例3)
実施例1と同様にして、使用済みタイルカーペット8mm粉砕品85重量部と芯鞘型低融点繊維(帝人ファイバー株式会社製 テピルス(1.7dtex、5mm、水分15%含有))17.6重量部を加圧ニーダーで5分間攪拌して混合し、配合物を得た。該配合物を厚みが15mmに成るようにスペーサーを入れて金型に載せ、プレス板を190℃に設定した50トンプレス装置にて8分間加熱、プレス成形した。加熱、加圧成形後、冷却プレスに挟んで冷却した。得られた成形体は、2枚の積層物で吸音性を測定した。また、直径100mmの吸音測定用サンプルにおいて、直径30mmの貫通孔を成形体中央部に開けた成形体と開口を設けていない成形体と用意し、これらを積層した積層物の吸音性を測定した。開口を有する積層体は、音源側と音源反対側に配置し、開口を設けない場合と比較した。更に、直径30mmの貫通孔を設けた成形体を2枚積層して吸音性を測定した。
【0072】
(実施例4)
実施例1と同様にして、使用済みタイルカーペット8mm粉砕品70重量部と芯鞘型低融点繊維(株式会社クラレ製 ソフィット(2.2dtex、25mm))30重量部を加圧ニーダーで5分間攪拌して混合し、配合物を得た。該配合物を厚みが15mmに成るようにスペーサーを入れて金型に載せ、プレス板を190℃に設定した50トンプレス装置にて15分間加熱、プレス成形した。加熱、加圧成形後、冷却プレスに挟んで冷却した。得られた成形体は、2枚を積層して吸音性を測定した。尚、本例の芯鞘型低融点繊維;ソフィットは、芯部がポリエステル、鞘部が変性ポリエステルからなり、芯部の融点は263℃、鞘部の融点は110℃である。
【0073】
(比較例1)
実施例1と同様にして、使用済みタイルカーペット8mm粉砕品70重量部と芯鞘型低融点繊維、帝人株式会社製 テイジンテトロンTBSバインダー繊維(4.4dtex、51mm)30重量部を加圧ニーダーで5分間攪拌して混合し配合物を得た。該配合物を厚み30mmになるようにスペーサーを入れて金型に載せ、プレス板を190℃に設定した50トンプレス装置にて25分間加熱、プレス成形した。加熱、加圧成形後、冷却プレスに挟んで冷却し、成形体を取出した結果、成形体の表面は、溶融がかなり進んだ成形体であった。
【0074】
(比較例2)
実施例1と同様にして、使用済みタイルカーペット8mm粉砕品30重量部と芯鞘型低融点繊維、帝人ファイバー株式会社製テピルス(1.7dtex、5mm、水分15%含有)82.4重量部を加圧ニーダーで5分間攪拌して混合し配合物を得た。該配合物を厚み30mmになるようにスペーサーを入れて金型に載せ、プレス板を190℃に設定した50トンプレス装置にて10分間加熱、プレス成形した。加熱、加圧成形後、冷却プレスに挟んで冷却した。
【0075】
(比較例3)
実施例1と同様にして、使用済みタイルカーペット8mm粉砕品70重量部と芯鞘型低融点繊維、帝人ファイバー株式会社製 テピルス(1.7dtex、5mm、水分15%含有)35.3重量部を加圧ニーダーで5分間攪拌して混合し配合物を得た。該配合物を厚みが30mmに成るようにスペーサーを入れて金型に載せ、プレス板を190℃に設定した50トンプレス装置にて3分間加熱、プレス成形した。加熱、加圧成形後、冷却プレスに挟んで冷却後、成形体を取り出しが、成形体の端部及び断面中央部が溶融しておらず、ポロポロと崩れ良好な成形体を得ることができなかった。
【0076】
(比較例4)
実施例1と同様にして、使用済みタイルカーペット8mm粉砕品を調整して配合物を得た。該配合物を密度が0.7g/cm、厚み30mmになるようにスペーサ−を入れて金型に載せ、プレス板を190℃に設定した50トンプレス装置にて10分間加熱、プレス成形した。加熱、加圧成形後、冷却プレスに挟んで冷却後、成形体を取り出したが、成形体の断面中央部が溶融しておらず、ボロボロに崩れ成形体を得ることができなかった。
【0077】
(比較例5)
比較例4と同様にして、使用済みタイルカーペット8mm粉砕品を調整して配合物を得た。該配合物を厚みが10mmになるようにスペーサーを入れて金型に載せ、プレス板を190℃に設定した50トンプレス装置にて15分間加熱、プレス成形した。成形体が均一に溶融するように加熱、加圧成形した後、冷却プレスに挟んで冷却して、成形体を取り出した結果、密度が1.1g/cmの成形体が得られた。
【0078】
得られた成形体は、下記JIS A1405に規定される所定の大きさに打ち抜き、吸音性を測定した。その結果を密度と厚みの結果と合わせて表1に示す。
【0079】
(吸音性)
吸音性の測定は、JIS A1405に示される垂直入射吸音率の測定で行い、規定の垂直入射測定器(ブリュエル・ケアー社製2マイクロホンインピーダンス測定管4206型)を使用して実施した。測定は、1000Hz、1600Hz、2000Hzの音域を測定した。開口を設けて積層した成形吸音材については、1000Hz、1600Hzの音域の吸音性を測定した。
【0080】
(厚みと密度)
株式会社イイノ製油圧クリッカーで、50mm×50mmの型枠を使用し、成形体をそれぞれ3枚打ち抜いた。各成形体の重量と各辺中央の4個所の厚みを求め、その平均値から厚みと密度を算出して厚みと密度とした。
【0081】
【表1】

Figure 2004330534
【0082】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明の成形吸音材によれば、タイルカーペットの廃材及び製造時に発生する端材を粉砕物とし、芯鞘型合成繊維(イ)及び/又は低融点合成繊維(ロ)と混合して配合物を得、20分以内で加熱、加圧成形した成形体、及び該成形体を積層物とすることにより、吸音性能の良好な成形吸音材を得ることができる。更に、該成形体又は該積層物を構成する少なくとも1枚の成形体に面積比率で開口率5%以上30%以下で開口した有底又は貫通した孔部を設けて配置することで、1000〜1600Hzの中音域での吸音性能に優れる成形吸音材とすることができる。また、本発明の成形吸音材によれば、従来、廃棄されていたタイルカーペット廃材、特に、タイルカーペットの製造工程で発生する端材や廃材を再生して、建築、土木用の吸音材として有効利用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係るタイルカーペットとこれを粉砕した粉砕物を示す説明図。
【図2】本発明に係る芯鞘型合成繊維の断面構造を示す一部切欠斜視図。
【図3】(a)〜(h)は、本発明に係る成形吸音材の実施例を示す断面図。
【符号の説明】
1 表面パイル層
2 樹脂裏打ち層
3 粉砕物
4 芯鞘型合成繊維
5 芯部
6 鞘部
7、7A 成形体
8 貫通孔
8a 開口
9 成形吸音材[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a molded sound-absorbing material obtained by recycling a tile carpet. More specifically, a mixture obtained by heating and pressing a compound obtained by mixing a crushed material of a tile carpet and a specific synthetic fiber within 20 minutes, or a laminate obtained by laminating a plurality of the molded products. The present invention relates to a molded sound-absorbing material used by attaching to a surface of a soundproof wall, a bridge, or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, cut tiles have been generated during the production of tile carpets, and used tile carpets have been disposed of without being recycled as construction waste. However, in recent years, from the viewpoint of protection of the global environment and effective utilization of resources, disposal of waste materials and scrap materials of waste tile carpets and waste materials accompanying renewal have become issues. At present, 90% or more of the resin backing layer of a tile carpet depends on a vinyl chloride resin, and development of an appropriate treatment and recycling method is desired.
[0003]
On the other hand, sound-absorbing materials used on the side walls of highways, bridges and tunnel entrances and exits include fibrous porous members such as glass wool, rock wool and aluminum, non-woven fabrics made of synthetic fibers such as polyester, ceramics, foamed polyurethane and the like. Among them, glass fibers are widely used because of their excellent heat resistance, combustion resistance and sound absorbing properties. These porous sound-absorbing materials have voids that communicate with each other, and when sound waves enter the voids, sound energy is absorbed into the material by viscous friction on the walls in the voids of the fibers and the sound-absorbing material. The sound is absorbed by Further, for the purpose of improving the sound absorption performance of a specific frequency, a perforated plate or the like is used, and glass wool, a fibrous porous member such as rock wool, which is housed in the perforated plate and molded as a sound absorbing panel. It is used by being incorporated into noise barriers on expressways.
[0004]
When the fibrous porous member such as the glass wool and rock wool is used as a sound absorbing material used for a highway side wall, a bridge and a side wall around a tunnel entrance and exit, the glass wool and the fibrous porous member such as rock wool are hygroscopic, There is a problem that as the water absorption is high and the amount of moisture absorption or water absorption increases, the sound absorbing performance decreases. In addition, since these fibrous porous members are hard to dry once absorbing water, there is a problem that when moisture is absorbed, the drying speed is slow, delamination occurs, and it is difficult to maintain the shape. For this reason, when a fibrous porous member such as the glass wool or rock wool is housed in a perforated plate and used as a sound absorbing panel, the fiber is placed in a tetrafluoroethylene-based thin film bag for the purpose of water resistance and scattering prevention. Porous members are packed and used.
[0005]
Incidentally, this tetrafluoroethylene-based thin film has a large area and is easily broken during operation, so that rainwater temporarily stays in the bag and cannot evaporate to the outside. As a result, the fibrous porous member has a problem that a drooping and sedimentation phenomenon gradually occurs from the upper portion due to moisture and its own weight, and the sound absorbing performance is extremely reduced. Although fibrous porous materials such as glass wool and rock wool are excellent in sound absorption performance, they are partially broken during installation work, broken by long-term use, and broken by running vehicles, There is a problem that dust such as debris is scattered and adversely affects the environment.
[0006]
The method of recycling tile carpet scrap or waste material as a soundproofing material is a method of manufacturing a soundproofing material by mixing a used carpet with a binder resin. , A synthetic resin emulsion such as EVA resin, a synthetic rubber emulsion such as SBR, or a binder resin such as a thermosetting resin composed of a phenol resin or the like, and a carpet crushed material is fused with the binder resin to form a molded product. Has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0007]
Further, carpet offcuts or waste materials are pulverized into pulverized materials, and then heated and pressed to recycle as molded products (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3). Is heated and molded from a mixture of a high-melting fiber and a low-melting resin or a low-melting fiber containing a material treated with an anti-hair mill or a crusher, and the low-melting resin in the mixture is fused and recycled as a molded product. Although a method (for example, see Patent Document 4) has been proposed, use of the obtained molded article as a sound absorbing material has not been studied.
[0008]
In addition, as a sound-absorbing panel, a hollow part is provided through an opening, and the sound taken into the hollow part from the opening is resonated in the hollow part, and the sound energy is converted to heat energy by frictional resistance or the like to attenuate the sound, thereby preventing sound. 2. Description of the Related Art A perforated plate provided with a bottomed or penetrated hole in a panel-type sound absorbing panel or a panel is known (for example, see Patent Documents 5 and 6).
[0009]
In order to use a pressed molded body mainly composed of waste materials such as tile carpet scraps as a sound absorbing material, the surface of the molded body is made of a resin backing layer of the tile carpet and a molten resin of a fiber component including a low melting point fiber. It was important to form a molded body that was not covered, that is, a structure in which a surface skin layer was not formed on the surface of the molded body, the sound reflection was small, and water absorption by rainwater or the like was difficult. For this purpose, it is necessary to melt the resin backing layer component and the surface pile layer component of the tile carpet and the fiber component comprising the low-melting fiber almost uniformly on the surface of the molded article and inside the molded article.
[0010]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-124971
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-8-142073
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-9-109164
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-10-286886
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-11-6224
[Patent Document 6]
JP-A-53-99612
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in view of the above situation, the present invention seeks to solve the problem, waste materials of tile carpet aged in the market, or waste materials such as scrap materials generated in the manufacturing process, can be effectively used without landfill treatment, To provide a molded sound absorbing material having excellent sound absorbing properties in a specific frequency range around 1000 to 2000 Hz required as a sound absorbing material for a highway side wall, a bridge, a side wall around a tunnel entrance and the like, and having a low water absorption. is there.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention includes the following items.
(1) 40% by weight or more and 95% by weight or less of a crushed material of a tile carpet, and a synthetic fiber (a) having a core-sheath structure in which a sheath has a melting point of 200 ° C or less, and / or a melting point of 200 ° C or less. Heating and press-molding a blend of 5 wt% to 60 wt% of synthetic fiber (b) with a mixing time of 20 minutes or less; Is 0.5g / cm 3 1.0 g / cm or more 3 A molded sound absorbing material comprising the following molded bodies.
[0013]
(2) The molded sound-absorbing material according to (1), wherein the molded sound-absorbing material comprises a laminate in which a plurality of molded bodies formed by the heating and pressing are laminated.
[0014]
(3) The sheath according to (1) or (2), wherein the sheath of the synthetic fiber (a) having a core-sheath structure is made of a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, or a polyethylene resin having a melting point of 200 ° C. or less. Molded sound absorbing material.
[0015]
(4) The synthetic fiber (a) having the core-in-sheath structure is a fiber in which the melting point of the sheath part is lower than the melting point of the core part by 20 ° C. or more, and the core part is made of a polyester resin or a polypropylene resin. The molded sound-absorbing material according to any one of (1) to (3).
[0016]
(5) Any of (1) to (4), wherein the synthetic fiber (b) having a melting point of 200 ° C. or lower is a synthetic fiber composed of a low-melting polyester-based copolymer fiber or a low-melting polyamide-based copolymer fiber. 2. The molded sound absorbing material according to 1.
[0017]
(6) 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of water is added to 100 parts by weight of the mixture of the pulverized tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b). The molded sound-absorbing material according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the resulting composition is subjected to heat and pressure molding.
[0018]
(7) The molded sound absorbing material according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the resin backing layer of the pulverized tile carpet is a vinyl chloride resin.
[0019]
(8) The molded sound-absorbing material according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the particle size of the pulverized material of the tile carpet is 3 mm or more and 30 mm or less.
[0020]
(9) In the molded article, a molded sound-absorbing material in which at least one of the molded articles is provided with a bottomed or penetrated hole that is opened at an area ratio of 5% or more and 30% or less, wherein the hole is (1) to (1) to (1) to (1) to (3), which are selected from the provided compacts alone, a laminate of the compacts having the holes, and a laminate of the compacts having the holes without the openings. (8) The molded sound-absorbing material according to any one of the above (8).
[0021]
In addition, the melting point of the core part, the sheath part, and the synthetic fiber (b) of the synthetic fiber (a) was obtained by measuring each with a sample 5 mg at a heating rate of 20 ° C./min using a differential operation calorimeter. The temperature at which the maximum value of the melting endothermic curve was given. For those having no melting point, the softening temperature was taken as the melting point.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0023]
The tile carpet used in the present invention is composed of a surface pile layer 1 and a resin backing layer 2 as shown in FIG. 1, and is specified by JIS L4406.
[0024]
The surface pile layer 1 is composed of a base fabric such as a nonwoven fabric laminated on the resin backing layer 2 and a pile planted on the base fabric. As a fiber material constituting the pile, nylon filament, polypropylene filament, wool, Acrylic and polyester filaments are used, of which nylon and polypropylene filaments dominate. In the present invention, the fiber material constituting the pile of the surface pile layer 1 is preferably a fiber material composed of nylon filaments, polypropylene filaments, and polyester filaments among the above fiber materials. For example, when the fiber component is a nylon filament or a polypropylene filament, the ratio of the surface pile layer 1 is usually 12 to 16% by weight in the range of 5 to 30% by weight of the entire tile carpet, and particularly about 15% by weight. Lots of things to occupy.
[0025]
Examples of the material constituting the resin backing layer 2 include vinyl chloride resin, bitumen, polyurethane resin, and polyolefin resin. The resin backing layer 2 of a tile carpet manufactured in Japan uses a vinyl chloride resin. Occupied 90% or more, but also in the present invention, a tile carpet lined with a thermoplastic resin such as a vinyl chloride resin can be used favorably.
[0026]
The product shape of the tile carpet is, for example, generally 50 cm × 50 cm and a thickness of about 6 mm, and the surface pile layer 1 and the resin backing layer 2 have almost the same thickness.
[0027]
After pulverized waste or scraps of the tile carpet, a sheath portion described later in detail has a melting point of 200 ° C. or less, and a core-sheath structure formed by the sheath portion and a core portion made of a synthetic fiber or the like described later. And / or a synthetic fiber having a melting point of 200 ° C. or lower (this synthetic fiber is simply referred to as a synthetic fiber (b)). Are mixed and heated and press-molded (press-molded) within 20 minutes, and a plurality of such molded bodies are laminated to form a molded sound-absorbing material.
[0028]
When a mixture of the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) is heated and pressed, the fiber component forming the surface pile layer 1 of the tile carpet is recycled. It is preferable to use it without separating and removing it from the viewpoint of performing.
[0029]
The molded sound-absorbing material of the present invention is formed by heating and pressing a compound obtained by mixing the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet with the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) within 20 minutes. A molded body, and a laminate of the molded body. As a method for heating and pressurizing the compound, in addition to a molding method in which the mixture is pressurized by sandwiching it between heating plates, a method in which superheated steam is blown into a closed container to heat and press. A molding method, a method of molding with a continuous heating press, or the like can be used. When press molding is performed by the above-described heating method, the heating step and the press molding step of applying pressure are performed simultaneously, or the pressing step is provided after the heating step in two steps, continuously or intermittently. You can also. In addition, as a method of molding with a continuous heating press, a method of placing the composition on the upper surface of an endless belt and continuously molding by intermittently heating and pressing with a heating plate from above and below is exemplified. .
[0030]
The synthetic fiber (a) having a core-sheath structure in which the sheath 6 used in the present invention has a melting point of 200 ° C. or less is coated with a coating material around the core 5 serving as a fiber main body, as shown in FIG. It is a fiber having a two-layer structure forming the sheath 6. The core 5 may be made of an organic fiber or an inorganic fiber, but may be made of a synthetic fiber such as a polyester resin, a polyamide resin (nylon resin), an acrylonitrile resin, and a polypropylene resin. Are preferred.
[0031]
A composite fiber (for example, “ES fiber” manufactured by Chisso Corporation) in which the core 5 is a polypropylene fiber and the sheath 6 is a low melting point polyethylene, and the core 5 is a polyester fiber and the sheath 6 is a polyester copolymer. There are several commercially available products having different fineness, fiber length and melting point. For this reason, when the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) are mixed to produce a molded product, the synthetic fiber (a) has a wide selection range of fineness, fiber length, and melting point, and will be described later. As described above, it is preferable because a molded article having good appearance and uniformity can be easily obtained. Furthermore, by using the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) in which the sheath portion 6 softens at a lower temperature, even if milder molding processing conditions are selected, the interior of the molded body is removed from the surface. It is more preferable because it is easy to melt substantially uniformly.
[0032]
For example, a material having a melting point lower by 20 ° C. or more and 150 ° C. or less than the material of the core portion 5 and having a melting point of 200 ° C. or less, preferably 70 ° C. to 170 ° C. For example, those formed of a polyester-based copolymer, a polyamide-based copolymer, and a polyethylene-based resin may be used. It is preferable that the weight ratio of the core portion 5 and the sheath portion 6 of these synthetic fibers (a) is 30:70 to 60:40 since the adhesiveness is high.
[0033]
As the synthetic fiber (b) having a melting point of 200 ° C. or less, a low-melting polyester copolymer fiber or a low-melting polyamide copolymer fiber can be used for general purposes, and is preferable because moldability is improved. .
[0034]
When the compounding amount of the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) is in the range of 5% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less with respect to the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet, This is preferable because the mixing state is improved and the uniformity of the molded body is improved.
When the amount is within this range, excessive fusion between the synthetic fibers (a) and / or the synthetic fibers (b) is suppressed, and a molded article that is advantageous in terms of cost can be obtained. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the fusion bonding property between the surface pile layer 1 and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b), and the resin backing layer 2 and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b). , 5 to 30% by weight.
[0035]
If the compounding amount of the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) in the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet exceeds 60% by weight, fusion of the synthetic fibers occurs, and a decrease in voids due to clogging or the like occurs. The formation of a skin layer causes the sound absorbing properties to decrease, and the molded sound absorbing material becomes hard, so that post-processing such as cutting the end portions becomes difficult, and the recycling efficiency of the tile carpet decreases. If the content is less than 5% by weight, even if the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) is blended, it is difficult to form a molded article having a low density, and the fusion of the resin component of the tile carpet proceeds inside the molded article. As a result, it is difficult to form voids, so that the sound absorbing properties of the molded body are reduced, and the pressure, temperature, and time required for molding are all increased, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost and the like.
[0036]
Examples of the polyester resin constituting the core 5 of the synthetic fiber (a) of the present invention include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, α, β- (4-carboxyphenoxy) ethane, Aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as 4,4'-dicarboxydiphenyl, 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid; aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as azelaic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, Fiber-forming polyester resins composed of diols such as 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol, polyethylene glycol and polytetramethylene glycol. 80% by mole or more of the structural unit is ethylene It is preferable that the terephthalate units.
[0037]
Examples of the polypropylene resin constituting the core 5 of the synthetic fiber (a) of the present invention include propylene homopolymer or propylene, ethylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene. And a copolymer with an α-olefin such as 1-octene.
[0038]
On the other hand, the sheath 6 and the synthetic fiber (b) of the synthetic fiber (a) of the present invention are provided with a thermoplastic low melting point polymer having a melting point of 200 ° C or less. The polyester resin and the low-melting polyester copolymer fiber of the synthetic fiber (b) constituting the sheath portion 6 are made of polyethylene terephthalate, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol. It is preferable that one or two or more compounds selected from the above are copolymerized. In particular, polyethylene terephthalate / isophthalate having a melting point of 200 ° C. or less is preferable because it is inexpensive and easy to handle.
[0039]
The polyamide resin constituting the sheath 6 of the synthetic fiber (a) and the low-melting polyamide copolymer fiber of the synthetic fiber (b) are aliphatic mainly composed of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 12, and the like. Polyamide having a small amount of a third component such as sebacic acid, isophthalic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid, para-xylenamide, or a polyamide-based copolymer thereof It is preferred that they are united.
[0040]
In addition, as the polyethylene resin constituting the sheath 6 of the synthetic fiber (a), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), medium-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), low-density polyethylene, and ethylene and α-olefin And copolymers. Further, copolymerized polyethylene obtained by copolymerizing a small amount of another substance such as acrylic acid may be used.
[0041]
Next, the surface structure of the molded body and the formation state of the voids will be described. The pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet contains a large amount of fiber components forming the surface pile layer of the tile carpet, which are planted in the resin backing layer 2 of the tile carpet.
[0042]
Then, when the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) is blended with the pulverized material and the mixture is heated, a portion of the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet where the resin backing layers 2 are fused to each other and the tile carpet And a portion where the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) are fused, and a portion where the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) itself are fused. In addition, the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) are entangled with the fiber component implanted in the resin backing layer 2 and are thermally melted in a state where air is involved (in a state where a space is formed). Thus, a portion to be fused with the fiber component (pile) of the surface pile layer 1 is formed. Among them, the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) and the fiber component of the surface pile layer 1 planted in the resin backing layer 2 are entangled with each other, where air is drawn in and fused, and the synthetic fiber (a). ) And / or the synthetic fiber (b) itself entrains air and melts to form a portion called a void.
[0043]
On the other hand, when a binder resin composed of powder or pellets is used instead of the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b), the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) and the surface pile are used. The fiber components of the layer 1 are entangled with each other, so that there is no heat-fused portion, and the void-forming portion is filled with a binder resin composed of powder or pellets, and the void has a dense structure clogged with the binder resin. Would. Therefore, it is more preferable to blend a fibrous low-melting fiber made of synthetic fiber (a) and / or synthetic fiber (b) than using a binder resin made of powder or pellets.
[0044]
That is, the portion where the fiber component forming the surface pile layer 1 of the tile carpet and the synthetic fibers (a) and / or the synthetic fibers (b) are fused by embracing air is fused between the resin backing layers 2 of the tile carpet. By forming a formed body interspersed between layers, voids are provided on the surface and inside of the formed body, so that sound absorption performance is improved, which is preferable. In addition, the resin backing layer of the tile carpet is scattered on the surface of the molded body, and the space between them is a molded body having a structure in which the fiber component is formed with voids, so that sound reflection on the molded body surface is reduced. Can be reduced.
[0045]
Further, when a fiber having a lower melting point is used as the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b), the mixture is fused at a lower temperature, so that a molded article having a low density can be easily produced. As a result, the molding time can be greatly reduced.
[0046]
When the mixture of the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) is uniformly dispersed and heated and pressed, the surface of the obtained molded body is coated with a resin. The pulverized material of the backing layer 2 is scattered, and the surface pile layer 1 which is a fiber component and the synthetic fibers (a) and / or the synthetic fibers (b) are mixed and fused therebetween. Therefore, even if water is hung on the molded body, most of the water is repelled at the resin backing layer 2 portion, and the water is transmitted to the fibrous porous members such as glass wool and rock wool by absorbing the water. Rate is lower. Also, even if water is transmitted to the fibers between the resin backing layers 2 and absorbed, the presence of another resin backing layer 2 fused to the fibers prevents the permeation into the inside of the molded product. As a result, it is difficult for the sound absorbing property to drop due to rainwater.
[0047]
On the other hand, when the melting point of the sheath portion 6 of the synthetic fiber (a) and the synthetic fiber (b) is 200 ° C or higher, the melting temperature of the resin backing layer of the tile carpet is often higher than that of the synthetic fiber (b). The effect of (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) for fusing the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet is reduced, and the resin backing layer component is formed into a heat-sealed molded body, and the sound absorbing property is reduced.
[0048]
When the resin backing layer of the tile carpet is made of a vinyl chloride resin, when the synthetic fiber is heated to 200 ° C. or more to melt the synthetic fiber, thermal decomposition of the vinyl chloride resin starts, so that hydrogen chloride gas is used. And other problems occur. Therefore, the melting point of the sheath 6 of the synthetic fiber (a) and the melting point of the synthetic fiber (b) is preferably equal to or lower than the melting temperature of the vinyl chloride resin, and more preferably, the melting point is equal to or higher than 70 ° C and equal to or lower than 170 ° C. It is preferable because the molding processability and the sound absorption performance of the obtained molded body are improved. If the melting point is lower than 70 ° C., the composition is fused before the dispersion, and consequently the uniformity is reduced.
[0049]
The fiber length of the synthetic fiber (a) and the synthetic fiber (b) is preferably set to 3 mm or more and 60 mm or less, more preferably 4 mm or more and 40 mm or less. Is set to 1.5 dtex or more and 7.8 dtex or less, and more preferably 2.0 dtex or more to 4.5 dtex or less. When synthetic fibers (a) and / or synthetic fibers (b) having a fiber length and fineness in this range and fused at a low melting point are used, the sound absorbing performance of the obtained molded article is further improved. If the fiber length is less than 3 mm, the ability to form voids inside the molded article due to fusion of the fibers is reduced, and if the fiber length is 60 mm or more, the mixture of the fibers and the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet tends to be spotted, resulting in unevenness Easy to form a compact.
[0050]
The pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet can be easily obtained by using a general-purpose pulverizer, for example, a pulverizer such as a single-shaft pulverizer, a rotary cutter, and a hammer mill. The particle size of the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet is preferably 3 mm or more and 30 mm or less. With a pulverized product of this size, mixing with the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) is easy and uniform. Furthermore, it is preferable to grind to 4 mm or more and 10 mm or less, because the surface property of the molded body becomes good and the surface state in which the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet 3 is scattered is preferable. The particle size of the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet can be obtained by installing a punching metal having a predetermined opening diameter in the pulverizer and pulverizing the pulverized material.
[0051]
When mixing the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet with the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) using a mixer described later, a uniform mixture can be easily obtained. Usually, the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet is colored, and the synthetic fiber (a) and the synthetic fiber (b) are different in color from the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet, such as white, so that the color of the compound is uniform. Just mix and remove until it becomes. When the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet is mixed with the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b), the cotton of the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) is mixed with, for example, an opener. Mixing is preferred because it is easier to obtain a more uniform composition.
[0052]
The vinyl chloride resin constituting the resin backing layer 2 of the tile carpet used in the present invention is a vinyl chloride resin such as a polyvinyl chloride resin, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, or a vinyl chloride-ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. It contains a system copolymer.
[0053]
Further, as a plasticizer of the vinyl chloride resin, dibutyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP), among which di-isononyl phthalate, phosphate ester, chlorinated paraffin, trimellitate, epoxy It contains petroleum soybean oil or the like singly or as a mixture, and those containing di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP) are most often used.
[0054]
In addition, as a filler of the vinyl chloride resin, an inorganic filler such as calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, clay, and talc is contained alone or in combination. Calcium carbonate is commonly used. Further, it contains pigments such as calcium stearate, Ca-Zn stearate, Ba-Zn stearate, Pb-based metal soap, organic tin-based stabilizer, carbon black, and titanium dioxide.
[0055]
Further, in a molded article obtained by heating and pressing a mixture of the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b), at least one of the molded articles has an aperture ratio of 5% or more and 30% or more. % Of the molded body having the opened hole, or a laminate of the molded bodies having the opened hole, or a laminate of the molded bodies having the opened hole. It is preferable that a laminate of a molded body having a hole and a molded body not having an opening is arranged and installed so as to enhance sound absorption in a specific frequency range.
The opening ratio is an area ratio between the total area of the opening on the surface where the hole is opened and the area of the surface when there is no opening.
[0056]
FIG. 3 shows that a molded product 7 obtained by heating and pressing a mixture of the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) is provided with a through hole 8 as the hole. A laminated body in which the molded body 7 and the molded body 7A having no opening or the molded body 7 provided with the through hole 8 are stacked and arranged, and a molded sound absorbing material using the molded body 7 provided with the through hole 8 alone. 9 shows an embodiment 9 in which the upper side of the drawing is the sound source side.
3A to 3C show an example in which an opening is provided on the sound source side, FIG. 3D shows an example in which an opening 8a is provided on the side opposite to the sound source, and FIG. An example in which the provided molded body 7 is sandwiched between molded bodies 7A and 7A having no opening, and FIGS. 3F and 3G show a plurality of (two shown) molded bodies 7 and 7 provided with through holes 8. FIG. 3 (h) shows an example in which they are stacked, and FIG.
[0057]
By providing the opening 8a on the sound source side as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (c) and (f) to (h), the surface area of the molded body with which the sound wave comes into contact is increased, and the resonance within the opening causes the specific frequency range to be increased. The sound absorption is enhanced. On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 3 (d) and 3 (g), a molded body having an opening 8a on the back side opposite to the sound source side, or a molded body 7 having a through hole 8 as shown in FIG. It is considered that the molded sound-absorbing material composed of the laminated body sandwiched between 7A and 7A has an air chamber formed therein, and the sound passing through the molded body resonates in the air chamber, and a sound absorbing effect is considered to be exhibited.
[0058]
The opening preferably has an area ratio of 5% or more and 30% or less from the viewpoint of improving sound absorption at a specific frequency, and the shape of the opening is particularly limited to a circle, a rectangle, an ellipse, a rhombus, a triangle, and the like. In the case where the opening is formed by punching a formed body, it is preferable that the formed body be formed in a columnar shape from the viewpoint of workability and not have a complicated shape in order to maintain the shape. In addition, by preparing a mold at the time of heating and pressure forming and forming an opening, it is possible to save labor for performing post-processing, and it is also possible to form the columnar opening in a tapered shape.
[0059]
The size of each opening 8a is 0.5 cm 2 7.5cm or more 2 The following area is preferable. The size of the opening 8a is 0.5 cm 2 If it is less than 7.5 cm, workability for providing an opening is reduced, and 7.5 cm 2 This is because if it is larger, the sound absorption in a specific frequency range is not improved.
[0060]
When heating and press-molding a mixture of the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b), water is added or sprayed with water to make the mixture uniform. After mixing, when heating and pressure molding, the molding is usually 100 ° C. or higher, so that water functions as a foaming agent for forming voids as water vapor, and voids are easily formed inside the molded body, which is preferable. . In addition, by adding water, it is possible to suppress scattering of dust and dust contained in the pulverized material when the pulverized material is mixed with the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b).
[0061]
The amount of water added to 100 parts by weight of the mixture of the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) is not less than 0.5 part by weight and not more than 30 parts by weight. It is preferable because a void is easily formed inside the molded body in the above. Further, from the viewpoint of moldability, the amount is preferably from 1 part by weight to 15 parts by weight. When water is added in an amount of 30 parts by weight or more, when the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet is mixed with the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b), the mixture becomes sticky and becomes difficult to handle. The generation of cracks may be unnecessarily large and cracks may occur.
[0062]
Furthermore, if the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) containing water can be used, the step of adding water can be omitted, and at the same time, the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or Alternatively, the dispersibility of water in the mixture of the synthetic fibers (b) is improved, and the mixing state of the mixture can be improved, which is preferable.
[0063]
In the case where a mixture of the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) is pressed and heated and pressed by being sandwiched between heating plates, the resin backing layer of the tile carpet is melted on the surface of the formed body. In order to fuse the resin backing layer of the tile carpet existing inside the molded body without forming the adhered layer (skin layer), and to obtain a molded body substantially uniformly molten from the surface to the inside, the heating temperature is required. Is preferably set to 150 ° C. to 200 ° C., and molding is preferably performed with a pressing time of 20 minutes or less. When the resin backing layer 2 of the tile carpet is made of a vinyl chloride resin, if the pressing time exceeds 20 minutes, a molten resin layer (skin layer) is likely to be formed on the surface of the molded body, or burning occurs on the surface of the molded body. As a result, the sound absorption characteristics are reduced.
[0064]
Then, the compounding amount of the crushed material 3 of the tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) is selected so that the molding can be performed in a press time of 20 minutes or less. It is preferable to adjust the thickness and density of the molded body so that the molded body can absorb the engine sound and the running sound of the automobile in the middle to high frequency range.
[0065]
When the molded article of the present invention is used as a molded sound absorbing material, the density of the molded article is 0.5 g / cm. 3 1.0 g / cm or more 3 The following is preferred, and more preferably 0.5 g / cm 3 0.8 g / cm or more 3 It is as follows. The density of the compact is 0.5 g / cm 3 If less than 1.0 g / cm 3 If it is larger, the sound absorbing property is impaired. In addition, the thickness of the molded sound absorbing material (the sum of the thickness of each molded body in the case where a plurality of molded bodies are laminated) is preferably 1.5 cm or more and 12 cm or less. More preferably, it is 2 cm or more and 6 cm or less. When the thickness is less than 1.5 cm, it is difficult to ensure sound absorption in a medium to high frequency range. When the thickness exceeds 12 cm, a problem arises in terms of installation space.
[0066]
Also, by blending the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) with the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet to form a molded body, the density of the molded body can be easily adjusted. As a sound absorbing material for building and civil engineering, for example, as a sound absorbing plate for a highway side wall, a thin material having a thickness of 5 cm or less, preferably 3 cm or less is desired. On the other hand, in terms of sound absorption performance, generally, the thicker and bulkier the sound absorption performance is better, and the thickness is smaller than that of a conventionally used sound absorbing material made of glass fiber plate or organic fiber. In order to exhibit good sound-absorbing characteristics, it is preferable to adjust the molded body to have a uniform density and an appropriate density without maintaining a surface skin layer.
[0067]
Mixing of the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet with the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) can be easily performed by using a mixer such as a high-speed blender such as a pressure kneader, a ribbon blender, a tumbler, and a Henschel mixer. It can be carried out. For example, when the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet is mixed with the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b) using a pressure kneader, the pulverized material 3 of the tile carpet is melted without applying a shearing force. By mixing under conditions that do not allow the molding, voids inside the molded body can be easily secured, and the molded body formed by heating and pressurizing the mixture by setting the mixture in a mold frame, the molded body alone, or lamination Further, by forming the product as a laminate using a molded body provided with an opening, it can be effectively used as a molded sound absorbing material.
[0068]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but is not limited to Examples according to the present invention.
[0069]
(Heating of compound, press molding)
(Example 1)
The surface pile layer is made of nylon 66, the resin backing layer is made of vinyl chloride resin, and the surface pile layer has a fiber component content of about 14.5% by weight. The product was pulverized with a uniaxial shearing type pulverizer FS-1 manufactured by Seisakusho, and an 8 mm pulverized product was quantitatively recovered. Next, 70 parts by weight of the pulverized material and 30 parts by weight of a core-sheath type low-melting fiber (Teijin Tetron TBS binder fiber: 4.4 dtex, 51 mm, manufactured by Teijin Limited) are put into a pressure kneader, stirred for 5 minutes and mixed. This gave about 924 g of the formulation. The mixture was placed on a flat plate of 280 × 330 mm with spacers so as to have a thickness of 30 mm, and the press plate was heated and press-formed by a 50-ton press set at 190 ° C. for 15 minutes. Molding pressure 27kg / cm 2 (Gauge pressure: 60 kg / cm 2 After the heating and pressure molding in step (1), the entire mold was cooled by being sandwiched between cooling presses. The core-sheath type low-melting fiber of this example; the Teijin Tetron TBS binder fiber is composed of a polyethylene terephthalate at the core and a copolyester having a sheath ratio of polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene isophthalate of 6/4. Has a melting point of 260 ° C., a melting point of the sheath portion of 75 ° C., and a weight ratio of the core portion and the sheath portion of 50:50.
[0070]
(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, 80 parts by weight of the used tile carpet 8 mm pulverized product and 23.5 parts by weight of the core-sheath type low-melting fiber (Tepilus (1.7 dtex, 5 mm, containing 15% water) manufactured by Teijin Fibers Limited) Was mixed by stirring with a pressure kneader for 5 minutes to obtain a blend. The composition was placed on a mold with a spacer inserted so that the thickness became 15 mm, and the press plate was heated and press-formed by a 50-ton press set at 190 ° C. for 10 minutes. After heating and pressure molding, it was cooled by sandwiching it between cooling presses. The obtained molded bodies were laminated on two or three sheets, and the sound absorbing properties were measured.
[0071]
(Example 3)
In the same manner as in Example 1, 85 parts by weight of a used tile carpet 8 mm pulverized product and 17.6 parts by weight of a core-sheath type low-melting fiber (Tepilus (1.7 dtex, 5 mm, containing 15% moisture) manufactured by Teijin Fibers Limited) Was mixed by stirring with a pressure kneader for 5 minutes to obtain a blend. The mixture was placed on a mold with a spacer inserted so as to have a thickness of 15 mm, and the press plate was heated and press-formed by a 50-ton press set at 190 ° C. for 8 minutes. After heating and pressure molding, it was cooled by sandwiching it between cooling presses. The obtained molded body was measured for sound absorption of two laminates. Further, in a sample for measuring sound absorption having a diameter of 100 mm, a molded body having a through-hole having a diameter of 30 mm opened in the center of the molded body and a molded body having no opening were prepared, and the sound absorbing properties of a laminate obtained by laminating these were measured. . The laminate having an opening was arranged on the sound source side and the side opposite to the sound source, and was compared with a case where no opening was provided. Furthermore, two molded bodies having a through-hole having a diameter of 30 mm were laminated, and the sound absorption was measured.
[0072]
(Example 4)
In the same manner as in Example 1, 70 parts by weight of a used tile carpet 8 mm ground product and 30 parts by weight of a core-sheath type low melting point fiber (Sofit (2.2 dtex, 25 mm) manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) were stirred with a pressure kneader for 5 minutes. And mixed to obtain a blend. The mixture was placed on a mold with a spacer inserted so as to have a thickness of 15 mm, and the press plate was heated and press-formed by a 50-ton press set at 190 ° C. for 15 minutes. After heating and pressure molding, it was cooled by sandwiching it between cooling presses. Two of the obtained molded bodies were laminated, and the sound absorption was measured. The core-sheath type low-melting fiber of this example; SOFIT has a core made of polyester and a sheath made of modified polyester. The melting point of the core is 263 ° C, and the melting point of the sheath is 110 ° C.
[0073]
(Comparative Example 1)
In the same manner as in Example 1, 70 parts by weight of a used tile carpet 8 mm ground product and 30 parts by weight of a core-sheath type low melting point fiber, Teijin Tetron TBS binder fiber (4.4 dtex, 51 mm) manufactured by Teijin Limited with a pressure kneader. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a blend. The composition was placed on a mold with a spacer inserted so as to have a thickness of 30 mm, and the press plate was heated and press-formed by a 50-ton press set at 190 ° C. for 25 minutes. After heating and pressing, the product was cooled by being sandwiched between cooling presses, and the molded product was taken out. As a result, the surface of the molded product was a molded product that had considerably advanced in melting.
[0074]
(Comparative Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, 30 parts by weight of a used tile carpet 8 mm pulverized product and 82.4 parts by weight of a core-sheath type low-melting fiber, Tepirus (1.7 dtex, 5 mm, containing 15% water) manufactured by Teijin Fibers Limited. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes with a pressure kneader to obtain a blend. The mixture was placed in a mold with a spacer inserted so as to have a thickness of 30 mm, and the press plate was heated and press-formed by a 50-ton press set at 190 ° C. for 10 minutes. After heating and pressure molding, it was cooled by sandwiching it between cooling presses.
[0075]
(Comparative Example 3)
In the same manner as in Example 1, 70 parts by weight of the used tile carpet 8 mm pulverized product and 35.3 parts by weight of core-sheath low melting point fiber, Tepils (1.7 dtex, 5 mm, containing 15% water) manufactured by Teijin Fibers Limited. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes with a pressure kneader to obtain a blend. The mixture was placed on a mold with a spacer inserted so as to have a thickness of 30 mm, and the press plate was heated and press-formed by a 50-ton press set at 190 ° C. for 3 minutes. After heating and pressure molding, the molded body was taken out after cooling by sandwiching in a cooling press, but the end and the center of the cross section of the molded body were not melted, and it was not possible to obtain a good molded body that collapsed and collapsed Was.
[0076]
(Comparative Example 4)
In the same manner as in Example 1, an 8-mm crushed product of a used tile carpet was prepared to obtain a compound. The formulation has a density of 0.7 g / cm 3 Then, a spacer was put into the mold so as to have a thickness of 30 mm, and the press plate was heated and press-formed by a 50-ton press set at 190 ° C. for 10 minutes. After heating and pressure molding, the molded product was taken out after cooling by being sandwiched between cooling presses. However, the central part of the cross section of the molded product was not melted, and the molded product collapsed and could not be obtained.
[0077]
(Comparative Example 5)
In the same manner as in Comparative Example 4, a used tile carpet 8 mm crushed product was prepared to obtain a blend. The mixture was placed on a mold with a spacer inserted so that the thickness became 10 mm, and the press plate was heated and press-formed by a 50-ton press set at 190 ° C. for 15 minutes. After heating and pressure molding so that the molded body is uniformly melted, the molded body was cooled by being sandwiched between cooling presses, and as a result, the molded body was taken out. 3 Was obtained.
[0078]
The obtained molded body was punched into a predetermined size prescribed in JIS A1405 described below, and the sound absorption was measured. Table 1 shows the results together with the results of density and thickness.
[0079]
(Sound absorption)
The sound absorption was measured by measuring a normal incidence sound absorption coefficient shown in JIS A1405, and was carried out using a specified normal incidence measuring instrument (2microphone impedance measuring tube type 4206 manufactured by Brüel & Kjær). For the measurement, the sound range of 1000 Hz, 1600 Hz, and 2000 Hz was measured. With respect to the molded sound-absorbing materials provided with the openings and laminated, the sound-absorbing properties in a sound range of 1000 Hz and 1600 Hz were measured.
[0080]
(Thickness and density)
Using a hydraulic clicker manufactured by Iino Co., Ltd., three molded articles were punched out using a 50 mm × 50 mm formwork. The weight of each molded body and the thickness of four places at the center of each side were obtained, and the thickness and density were calculated from the average value to obtain the thickness and density.
[0081]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004330534
[0082]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the molded sound-absorbing material of the present invention, the waste material of the tile carpet and the offcuts generated during manufacturing are pulverized, and the core-sheath type synthetic fiber (A) and / or the low melting point synthetic fiber (B) And a molded product obtained by heating and pressure molding within 20 minutes, and forming the molded product into a laminate, a molded sound absorbing material having good sound absorbing performance can be obtained. Furthermore, by providing a bottomed or penetrating hole that is opened at an area ratio of 5% or more and 30% or less by area ratio in at least one molded body constituting the molded body or the laminated body, and arranged, A molded sound absorbing material having excellent sound absorbing performance in the mid-range of 1600 Hz can be obtained. Further, according to the molded sound-absorbing material of the present invention, tile carpet waste, which has been conventionally discarded, in particular, recycles offcuts and waste generated in the tile carpet manufacturing process, and is effective as a sound absorbing material for construction and civil engineering. Can be used.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a tile carpet according to the present invention and a crushed product obtained by crushing the tile carpet.
FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a cross-sectional structure of a core-sheath type synthetic fiber according to the present invention.
3 (a) to 3 (h) are cross-sectional views showing an example of a molded sound absorbing material according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Surface pile layer
2 Resin backing layer
3 crushed material
4 core-sheath type synthetic fiber
5 core
6 sheath
7, 7A molded body
8 Through hole
8a opening
9 Molded sound absorbing material

Claims (9)

タイルカーペットの粉砕物40重量%以上95重量%以下と、鞘部が200℃以下の融点を持つ芯鞘構造を有する合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は、200℃以下の融点を持つ合成繊維(ロ)5重量%以上60重量%以下とを混合した配合物を、加熱、加圧成形する時間を20分以下とし、加熱板に挟んで加熱、加圧プレスして得られる、密度が0.5g/cm以上1.0g/cm以下の成形体からなる成形吸音材。40% by weight or more and 95% by weight or less of the crushed material of the tile carpet and a synthetic fiber having a core-sheath structure having a sheath having a melting point of 200 ° C. or less (A) and / or a synthetic fiber having a melting point of 200 ° C. or less ( B) Heating and pressing the mixture obtained by mixing 5% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less with a heating time of 20 minutes or less, heating and pressing under pressure between heating plates, and a density of 0. A molded sound-absorbing material comprising a molded body of 5 g / cm 3 or more and 1.0 g / cm 3 or less. 前記加熱、加圧プレスしてなる成形体を複数枚以上積層した積層物からなる請求項1記載の成形吸音材。The molded sound-absorbing material according to claim 1, wherein the molded sound-absorbing material is formed by laminating a plurality of molded bodies formed by the heating and pressure pressing. 前記芯鞘構造を有する合成繊維(イ)の鞘部が、200℃以下の融点を持つポリエステル系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂又はポリエチレン系樹脂で構成された請求項1又は請求項2記載の成形吸音材。The molded sound-absorbing material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sheath portion of the synthetic fiber (a) having the core-sheath structure is made of a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, or a polyethylene resin having a melting point of 200 ° C or less. . 前記芯鞘構造を有する合成繊維(イ)が、鞘部の融点が芯部の融点より20℃以上低く、芯部がポリエステル系樹脂又はポリプロピレン系樹脂で構成された繊維である請求項1〜請求項3の何れか1項記載の成形吸音材。The synthetic fiber (a) having a core-sheath structure is a fiber in which the melting point of the sheath part is lower than the melting point of the core part by 20 ° C. or more, and the core part is composed of a polyester resin or a polypropylene resin. Item 4. The molded sound-absorbing material according to any one of Items 3. 前記200℃以下の融点を持つ合成繊維(ロ)が低融点ポリエステル系共重合体繊維又は低融点ポリアミド系共重合体繊維からなる合成繊維である請求項1〜請求項4の何れか1項記載の成形吸音材。The said synthetic fiber (b) which has a melting point of 200 degrees C or less is a synthetic fiber which consists of a low-melting-point polyester type | system | group copolymer fiber or a low melting-point polyamide type | system | group copolymer fiber. Molded sound absorbing material. タイルカーペットの粉砕物と、前記合成繊維(イ)、及び/又は、前記合成繊維(ロ)の混合物100重量部に対して、0.5重量部以上30重量部以下の水を添加してなる配合物を、加熱、加圧成形する請求項1〜請求項5の何れか1項記載の成形吸音材。0.5 to 30 parts by weight of water is added to 100 parts by weight of the mixture of the pulverized tile carpet and the synthetic fiber (a) and / or the synthetic fiber (b). The molded sound-absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition is heated and pressed. タイルカーペットの粉砕物の樹脂裏打ち層が塩化ビニル系樹脂である請求項1〜請求項6の何れか1項記載の成形吸音材。The molded sound absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the resin backing layer of the pulverized tile carpet is a vinyl chloride resin. タイルカーペットの粉砕物の粒径が、3mm以上30mm以下である請求項1〜請求項7の何れか1項記載の成形吸音材。The molded sound-absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the particle size of the pulverized tile carpet is 3 mm or more and 30 mm or less. 前記成形体において、成形体の少なくとも1枚に面積比率で開口率5%以上30%以下で開口した有底又は貫通した孔部を設けた成形吸音材であって、該孔部を設けた成形体単独、又は、該孔部を設けた成形体同士の積層物、該孔部を設けた成形体に開口を設けていない成形体を積層した積層物から選択される請求項1〜請求項8の何れか1項記載の成形吸音材。A molded sound-absorbing material in which at least one of the molded bodies has a bottomed or penetrated hole that is opened at an area ratio of 5% or more and 30% or less on at least one of the molded bodies, the molding including the hole. 9. A body alone, or a laminate of molded bodies provided with the holes, or a laminate obtained by laminating molded bodies without openings in the molded bodies provided with the holes. The molded sound absorbing material according to any one of the above.
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KR100644099B1 (en) 2005-01-05 2006-11-10 한택환 The process of manufacturing Synthetic Fibers Refuse Recycled Multiple use Fiber Board
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JP2016504209A (en) * 2012-11-06 2016-02-12 現代自動車株式会社Hyundaimotor Company Molding method of heat-resistant sound absorbing and insulating material
JP2019117353A (en) * 2017-12-27 2019-07-18 イビデン株式会社 Foldable lamination mat and manufacturing method and press fitting method of the same
JP2023501199A (en) * 2019-11-08 2023-01-18 コーロン インダストリーズ インク Spunbond nonwoven fabric and tile carpet using the same
CN116553919A (en) * 2023-05-18 2023-08-08 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 Porous ceramic material, product prepared from porous ceramic material and preparation method of porous ceramic material

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KR100644099B1 (en) 2005-01-05 2006-11-10 한택환 The process of manufacturing Synthetic Fibers Refuse Recycled Multiple use Fiber Board
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JP2019117353A (en) * 2017-12-27 2019-07-18 イビデン株式会社 Foldable lamination mat and manufacturing method and press fitting method of the same
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JP2023501199A (en) * 2019-11-08 2023-01-18 コーロン インダストリーズ インク Spunbond nonwoven fabric and tile carpet using the same
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CN116553919A (en) * 2023-05-18 2023-08-08 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 Porous ceramic material, product prepared from porous ceramic material and preparation method of porous ceramic material

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