JP2004324139A - Construction method of tunnel timbering - Google Patents

Construction method of tunnel timbering Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004324139A
JP2004324139A JP2003118007A JP2003118007A JP2004324139A JP 2004324139 A JP2004324139 A JP 2004324139A JP 2003118007 A JP2003118007 A JP 2003118007A JP 2003118007 A JP2003118007 A JP 2003118007A JP 2004324139 A JP2004324139 A JP 2004324139A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
arch
tunnel
support
rail
foundation
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JP2003118007A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4145189B2 (en
Inventor
Ryusuke So
龍介 相
Keiichi Watanabe
敬一 渡辺
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Geostr Corp
Hazama Ando Corp
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Geostr Corp
Ando Corp
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Priority to JP2003118007A priority Critical patent/JP4145189B2/en
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  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a member used as a part of conventional secondary lining while rapidly and safely constructing the timbering structure of a new tunnel constructed by widening an existing tunnel. <P>SOLUTION: A rail foundation 11 and a timbering support foundation 12 are provided along a tunnel extending direction in the position of a wall surface leg part 3a of the new tunnel 1 constructed by widening an existing tunnel cross section 2. A rail having a recess for holding spherical bodies is continuously installed on the upper face of the rail foundation 11, and a plurality of spherical bodies are dispersedly arranged in the recess of the rail. Arch slabs 23 of circular arc shape for timbering the tunnel wall surface close to a working face advancing following the excavation progress of the new tunnel are temporarily assembled behind the working face and moved close to the working face, using the rolling of the spherical bodies in the rail. An arch slab leg part is moved and installed on the timbering support structure 12 from the top of the rail foundation 11, and a key arch 22 is connected to properly assemble the arch slabs 23 and to close the arch. A back-filling material 6 is filled at the back face of the closed arch timbering 20 to integrate tunnel timbering near the working face. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はトンネル支保の構築方法に係り、特に既設トンネルの断面拡幅により新設トンネルを構築する際に、新設トンネルの掘削に伴う支保構造としてプレキャストコンクリート製のアーチ版からなる支保工を連続して構築するようにしたトンネル支保の構築方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、老朽化した山岳トンネルの改築あるいはトンネル交通量の増大に伴う断面拡幅、車線増に対応するため、既設トンネルの断面拡幅工事が各地で実施されている。これらの拡幅工事は、既設トンネルにおける、従来の交通量を考慮した活線工事(車両通行を可能にした状態で工事を並行して行う)で施工されることが多い。この活線工事では、一般車両が既設トンネル内及び工事中の新設トンネル内を安全に通行できるように、防護工を設ける必要がある。従来、多くの同種の工事では、トンネル全長を覆う定置式、あるいは拡幅工事の進行に伴って移動させて工事区域を覆う移動式の一般車両保護構造(以下、プロテクタと呼ぶ。)が用いられている。
【0003】
この既設トンネルの拡幅工事としては、山岳トンネルの標準工法としてのNATM等が広く採用されているが、出願人は、山岳トンネル工法に代わる有効な工法として、横引きベアリング工法(特許文献1参照)を用いたトンネル覆工の押出し工法を開発している。横引きベアリング工法は、摩擦低減手段としてのベアリングボールを利用してボックスカルバート等のプレキャストコンクリート製品の合理的な連続布設を可能にしたものである。さらにこの工法を基礎技術として、単位幅のプレキャストコンクリート部材を延長方向に多数連結してなるトンネル覆工の押出し工法としてのトンネル連続構築方法も提案している(特許文献2参照)。これらの発明により、トンネル内に設置されるプレキャストコンクリート製のアーチ版の応力状態の安定を図りつつ、アーチ版を迅速に横引きしてトンネル構造を連続構築するを実現した。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特許第2879021号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2002−250044公報(第2頁〜第3頁)
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、既設トンネルを拡幅して新設トンネルを構築するには、上述したように既設トンネルのコンクリート覆工を撤去し、覆工背面のトンネル周辺地山を所定範囲にわたり掘削することになるが、既設トンネルは掘削後、長期間を経ている場合が多く、地山応力再配分が進行し、トンネルの内空方向応力が比較的安定していることが多く、新設トンネルの断面掘削による地山の内空側への変位が小さいことが予想される。したがって、当初より地山分類が不良であるような区間を除き、従来のトンネル掘削のように、掘削直後に鋼製支保工を建て込み、吹付けコンクリート、ロックボルト等の支保構造の施工を要しない場合が多い。
【0006】
また、このアーチ支保工は、掘削直後の支保構造としてのみならず、対象となる既設トンネルの完成後に作用する全土被り荷重を、あるいは所定緩み高さの緩み荷重を負担可能な永久構造物としての覆工構造として機能させることが可能である。
【0007】
そこで、本発明の目的は、トンネル支保の構築方法において、掘削直後の支保工として、トンネル内に連続搬入されたプレキャストコンクリート製のアーチ版を用い、このアーチ版をさらに本設構造の2次覆工として機能させるようにしたトンネル支保の構築方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は既設トンネルに連なる工事区域を通行する一般車両をプロテクタで防護しながら既設トンネルの断面を拡幅した新設トンネルのトンネル壁面を支保するためのトンネル支保の構築方法において、前記新設トンネルの壁面脚部近傍位置に、トンネル延長方向に沿ってレール基礎と支保工支持基礎とを設け、前記レール基礎上面に、球状体を収容可能な凹所を有するレールを連続設置し、該レールの凹所に複数の球状体を分散して配置し、前記新設トンネルの掘削進行に追従して前進する切羽直近のトンネル壁面を支保する円弧状のアーチ版を切羽後方にて仮組みし、前記レール内の球状体の転動を利用して前記切羽直近位置まで移動し、アーチ版脚部を前記レール基礎上から前記支保工支持構造上に移動設置するとともにアーチ版頂点を本組みしてアーチ閉合し、該閉合されたアーチの背面に裏込め材を充填して切羽近傍でのトンネル支保を一体化することを特徴とする。
【0009】
このとき前記レール基礎は、前記新設トンネルの切羽位置から後方の所定範囲にわたり設置可能なプレキャストコンクリート部材からなり、該部材を前記切羽位置の進行に伴って前進させて用いるようにすることが好ましい。
【0010】
また、前記アーチ版脚部を、前記プロテクタに装備された伸長手段により前記レール基礎上のレール位置から支保工支持基礎位置まで移動させることが好ましい。
【0011】
前記アーチ版を前記支保工支持構造上に設置する際に生じた頂部間の隙間に、切羽側からキーアーチを挿入して前記頂部とキーアーチとを連結して4ヒンジアーチを形成することが好ましい。
【0012】
あるいは、1対でトンネルアーチをなすアーチ版がトンネル延長方向に前後位置となるように、アーチ版頂部が仮連結され、前記アーチ版を前記支保工支持構造上に設置する際に、後方アーチ版を移動して前記頂部同士を連結して3ヒンジアーチを形成することが好ましい。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明のトンネル支保の構築方法の一実施の形態について、添付図面を参照して説明する。
図1は、本発明によるトンネル支保の構築方法によって、構築された新設トンネル1の構成部材を示した横断断面において、切羽直前位置までプレキャストコンクリートアーチ支保工(以下、単にアーチ支保工と記す。)を搬入する状態を、図2は、切羽直近位置にアーチ支保工が設置され、さらに吹付けコンクリートで被覆された壁面との間の空間に裏込めコンクリートが充填されてトンネル支保が一体化された状態を示している。
【0014】
図1に示したように、本実施の形態では、新設トンネル1は、全断面掘削による既設トンネル2の周辺地山が掘削され拡幅されたもので、その地山表面は厚さ50〜150mmの吹付けコンクリート3で被覆され、地山の剥離、崩落の防止が図られている。また吹付けコンクリート脚部3aには、図3に拡大して示したように、下半盤4から所定断面形状に掘り込まれた溝5内に、レール基礎11と支保工脚部基礎12とからなる基礎アバット10が構築されている。この基礎アバット10のレール基礎11上には、上述した横引きベアリング工法のための横引きレール15が据え付けられている。横引きレール15は細幅系H形鋼を横置きした断面からなり、ウェブを底面とする溝15a内には、球状体としてのベアリングボール16が適当に分散する程度の数量でレール延長方向に多数配置されている。このベアリングボール16は、横引きレール15上に載置されるアーチ支保工を構成するアーチ版を移動させる際の摩擦低減手段として機能する。本実施の形態ではベアリングボール16としてφ11mmの鋼球が使用されている。このベアリングボール16上に、下面に固着されたガイドプレート21を介してアーチ支保工20が設けられる。このときのベアリングボール16で支持されたアーチ支保工20の動摩擦係数μは0.05以下が期待できる。
【0015】
アーチ支保工20は、図1,図2に示したように、トンネルの天端にキーアーチをはめ込むことで、安定した4ヒンジアーチ構造となる、2個の円弧状のアーチ版23,23と1個のキーアーチ22とから構成されている。本実施の形態では、アーチ版23は、新設トンネル1の上半アーチと下半側壁の曲率に倣った複合円弧アーチ形状をなし、トンネル断面中心線に関して左右対称をなす一対の部材として取り扱われ、その一部がプロテクタ30に搭載された伸長手段(図5参照)に支持されて、頂部24を連結ボルトで(図示せず)で仮止めした起立状態で、すでにアーチ支保工20が建て込まれたトンネル空間を、ベアリングボール16を利用した押出し工法により切羽直近位置まで移動される。なお、押出し工法とは、対象構造物を、ジャッキ等の推進手段で移動方向に向けて押し出すことを考慮した名称で、移動時の摩擦低減手段として鋼製ベアリングボールを利用した点等、技術的特徴は上述の横引きベアリング工法と同一である。
【0016】
ここで基礎アバット10の構成について、図3を参照して説明する。基礎アバット10は、吹付けコンクリート脚部から下半盤の所定範囲が略台形状にトンネル延長方向に掘削された溝内に、レール基礎11と支保工脚部基礎12とが一体的に構成されるように設けられた構造物である。同図に示したように、レール基礎11は、H形鋼13の上下フランジ間をコンクリート14で満たした複合構造断面からなり、上フランジ13a上面に横引きレール15が設置されている。レール基礎11は、本実施の形態では、切羽から所定距離のアーチ支保工20の搬入区間に設置されるプレキャストコンクリート製仮設部材として用いられており、切羽の進行に追従して切羽方向に盛り替えて使用することができる。一方、支保工脚部基礎12は、トンネル壁面側の所定位置に据え付けられたアーチ支保工20の脚部20aが載置される本設構造であり、アーチ支保工20としての作用荷重と、完成時の覆工荷重とを負担できるように設計され、細幅系H形鋼17が内部に埋設された鉄骨鉄筋コンクリート構造からなる。
【0017】
ベアリングボール16を用いた押出し工法によるアーチ支保工20の移動、設置作業について、図1〜図5を参照して説明する。図1に示した状態で、切羽直近のアーチ支保工20の展開位置まで横引きレール15上を、ジャッキ、ウインチ等の移動装置によって移動させたら、アーチ版23の頂部24の仮連結を切り離し、吹付けコンクリート3が施工されたトンネル壁面に向けて、支保工脚部20aをスライドさせるとともに、頂部に生じたアーチ版23間の隙間にキーアーチ22をはめ込んで連結することで4ヒンジアーチ構造を形成する。このときアーチ支保工20は背面に吹付けコンクリート表面から所定幅(約130mm)の隙間が形成する位置に据え付けられており、アーチ支保工20を1間(1リング)分建て込むごとに、あるいは背面地山の緩みが生じない程度の範囲にわたり、この隙間部分を閉塞する裏込めコンクリートを充てんし、吹付けコンクリートとアーチ支保工20とを一体化させる。この結果、図2に示したように、吹付けコンクリートで被覆されたトンネル地山と、裏込めコンクリート6と、プレキャストコンクリート製のアーチ支保工20とが一体となって新設トンネル1の支保工として機能する。
【0018】
図5に示したプロテクタは、交通防護と、切羽直近まで搬入されたアーチ支保工20をトンネル壁面に向けて展開する作業を行うために使用される仮設構造物で、新設トンネル1の工事進行に伴ってトンネル延長方向に走行する。断面形状は、車両の通行限界を囲むように門型に組み立てたフレームを主構造とし、側面カバーおよび防護屋根で覆った箱形形状からなる。各部材は、防護屋根上にアーチ支保工20展開用ジャッキと、キーアーチの挿入のためのクレーン27、リフタ28等が搭載可能な強度に設計されている。プロテクタ30の脚部と上部には伸長手段としての展開用ジャッキ31,32が搭載されている。これら展開用ジャッキ31,32はロッドが水平外方に向け伸長する油圧シリンダジャッキで、同期伸縮可能なロッド先端でアーチ支保工20の脚部と肩部とを押圧してトンネル壁面へ向けてアーチ支保工20をスライド展開させることができる。
【0019】
アーチ支保工20の頂部に生じた隙間にキーアーチ22を挿入する方法としては、図1に示したように真下からアーチ版23間の隙間にキーアーチ22を挿入し、図示しない連結ボルト等により一体化させる方法と、図4に示したように、平面視して台形くさび形状のキーアーチ22を切羽側から水平にアーチ版23間の隙間に挿入し、連結ボルト等により一体化させる方法とがある。いずれのキーアーチを挿入する方法においても、図5に示したようなプロテクタ30上に設置したクレーン、リフター等を用いることで省力化を図ることが好ましい。なお、切羽直近の展開位置まで搬入されるアーチ支保工20は、図4に示したように、すでにアーチ支保工20が建て込み完了した位置あるいは坑外で組み上げられ、横引きレール15上を、ジャッキ等の推進手段により押し出され、所定位置まで移動、搬入される。このときアーチ支保工20の倒れ、変形等を防止するためにタイロッド等の引張部材をアーチ版の所定位置に架設することが好ましい。
【0020】
次に、アーチ支保工の展開方法の変形例について、図6〜図11を参照して説明する。
[脚部簡易構造]
図6は、アーチ支保工20を支持する脚部の支持構造を簡略化し、アーチ支保工20の建て込み、展開時の作業の簡素化を変形例を示している。図6に示したアーチ支保工20の建て込み、展開方法では、図7(b)に平面視したような細幅系H形鋼を横向きにした横引きレール15として用い、吹付けコンクリート脚部3aの下半盤4の地盤面に敷設した。そしてこの横引きレール15の溝状部内にベアリングボール16を撒きだし、これらベアリングボール16上にアーチ支保工脚部20aを建て込み、展開作業を行うようにした。具体的には、両図に示したように、アーチ支保工20を仮組立位置から切羽直近位置まで移動し、さらにトンネル壁面に向けて脚部20aをスライドさせながら、アーチ頂部24をトンネル壁面の天端付近に向けて押し広げ(図6)、頂部に形成された隙間にキーアーチ22を、上述のいずれかの方法で挿入してアーチ構造を完成させる。引き続きアーチ支保工20の背面側の隙間に裏込めコンクリート6を充てんする。これにより容易にアーチ支保工によるトンネルの早期安定を図ることができる。
【0021】
[キーアーチを省略したアーチ支保工]
本変形例では、キーアーチを省略してアーチ版41の頂部同士を連結して3ヒンジアーチを構成するアーチ支保工40とした。この変形例では、アーチ版41の寸法が大きくなるため、図9に拡大して示したように、図3とほぼ同一の形状のレール基礎11をインバート位置より深く掘った溝5内に設置している。これにより、図8に示した形状に仮組みされたアーチ支保工40の搬入時においても、トンネル壁面頂部とアーチ支保工40の頂部との間にクリアランスが得られ、キーアーチを用いた場合と同様にアーチ支保工40の搬入、展開が行える。この変形例では、切羽直近位置でアーチ支保工脚部40aを支保工脚部支持基礎12上に据え付けるために、アーチ支保工全体を上方に持ち上げるためのジャッキ等の揚重装置を設けることが必要である。
【0022】
図10,図11は、図1に示した基礎アバット10を利用し、かつキーアーチを省略したアーチ版42を建て込み、展開可能とした変形例を示している。図10は1対となるアーチ版42,42を前後位置にずらして横引きレール15のベアリングボール16上に設置し、前後するアーチ版42,42の頂部の重なり部分の対向面に取り付けられた連結ピン43で両者をトンネル延長方向に連結して仮組みしたアーチ支保工40を示している。このように仮組みされたアーチ支保工40では、切羽側のアーチ支保工40が所定位置に切羽直近位置に達した段階で、アーチ版42間の連結を切り離し、アーチ版42を展開して両アーチの重なり部分を離した状態で、後ろ側のアーチ版42を切羽直近位置まで前進させてアーチ版42頂部同士が軸方向に一致する位置でアーチ閉合する。
【0023】
図11は、一方のアーチ版44の頂部に他方のアーチ版45の上部を積み重ねるようにしてトンネル通過時の覆工内面とのクリアランスを確保しながら、切羽直近位置まで前進してアーチ版44,45をそれぞれトンネル壁面に向けて起立させ、頂部同士を連結して所定のアーチ閉合を行うようにした変形例を示している。この場合にはアーチ支保工40を支持する図示しないプロテクタにアーチ支保工の起立手段を設けることが望ましい。
【0024】
以上のアーチ支保工の組立により支保工としてアーチ閉合を行った例では、アーチ閉合後にアーチ支保工とトンネル壁面との間の空間を閉塞するために裏込めコンクリート6を充填する。裏込めコンクリート6は、将来、アーチ支保工を永久覆工として確実に機能させるために、空隙を完全に満たすことができるように、十分な流動性を有する配合とすることが好ましい。なお、地山、吹付けコンクリートからの湧水処理を行うためにアーチ支保工背面に防水シート工(図示せず)を施すことも好ましい。この場合には防水シートとアーチ支保工背面との間で十分な密着性が発揮できるようなグラウト材を選定することが好ましい。
【0025】
なお、アーチ支保工を永久覆工として機能させるために、上述の裏込めコンクリート6には、覆工構造に要求されている設計強度を満たし、かつ施工時に充填空間に密実に充填可能な流動性を有する配合を設定することが好ましい。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
以上に述べたように、既設トンネルの断面拡幅によって新設トンネルを構築する際に、新設トンネルの支保工として、プレキャストコンクリート製のアーチ版を用いることで、新設トンネルの支保構造を迅速に構築することができ、安全で施工効率を高めたトンネルの拡幅工事が可能になり、工期短縮を図れるとともに、従来の2次覆工の一部とすることができるため、覆工材料を低減でき、コストダウンを図ることができるという効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のトンネル支保の構築方法におけるアーチ支保工の建て込み状態を模式的に示したトンネル横断面図。
【図2】図1に示した状態からアーチ支保工を設置し、裏込めコンクリートを充填してトンネル支保を一体化した状態を示したトンネル横断面図。
【図3】基礎アバットのレール基礎上から支保工支持基礎上にアーチ支保工を移動し、設置した状態を示した部分拡大断面図。
【図4】キーアーチを切羽側から挿入する状態を示したトンネル平断面図。
【図5】トンネル内に設置されたプロテクタと、アーチ支保工の建て込み、キーアーチの吊り上げ状態を示した状態説明図。
【図6】アーチ支保工建て込み、展開方法の変形例を示したトンネル横断面図。
【図7】図6に示した方法におけるアーチ支保工脚部の状態を示した部分拡大正面、平面図。
【図8】アーチ支保工建て込み、展開方法の他の変形例を示したトンネル横断面図。
【図9】図8に示した基礎アバットのレール基礎上から支保工支持基礎上にアーチ支保工を移動し、設置した状態を示した部分拡大断面図。
【図10】アーチ支保工建て込み、展開方法の他の変形例(頂部ピン連結)を示したトンネル横断面図。
【図11】アーチ支保工建て込み、展開方法の他の変形例(積み重ね)を示したトンネル横断面図。
【符号の説明】
1 新設トンネル
2 既設トンネル
3 吹付コンクリート
4 下半盤
6 裏込めコンクリート
10 基礎アバット
11 レール基礎
12 支保工支持基礎
15 横引きレール
16 ベアリングボール
20,40 アーチ支保工
22 キーアーチ
23,41,42,43,44,45 アーチ版
30 プロテクタ
31,32 展開用ジャッキ
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of constructing a tunnel support, and particularly when a new tunnel is constructed by widening the cross-section of an existing tunnel, continuously constructs a precast concrete arch slab as a support structure accompanying the excavation of the new tunnel. And a method of constructing a tunnel support.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in order to cope with the widening of the cross section and the increase of lanes due to the renovation of the aging mountain tunnel or the increase in the traffic volume of the tunnel, the cross section of the existing tunnel has been widened in various places. These widening works are often carried out in existing tunnels by conventional live-line work in consideration of the traffic volume (construction is performed in parallel with vehicle traffic enabled). In this hot-line construction, it is necessary to provide protective works so that general vehicles can safely pass through the existing tunnel and the new tunnel under construction. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, many similar constructions employ a stationary general vehicle protection structure (hereinafter, referred to as a protector) that covers the entire construction area by moving along with the progress of widening work or covering the entire length of a tunnel. I have.
[0003]
As the widening work of the existing tunnel, NATM or the like as a standard method of mountain tunnel is widely used, but the applicant has proposed a horizontal pulling bearing method as an effective method instead of the mountain tunnel method (see Patent Document 1). We are developing an extrusion method for tunnel lining using. The horizontal pulling bearing method enables rational continuous laying of precast concrete products such as box culverts using bearing balls as friction reducing means. Furthermore, using this method as a basic technology, a continuous tunnel construction method has been proposed as an extrusion method of tunnel lining in which a number of unit-width precast concrete members are connected in the extension direction (see Patent Document 2). According to these inventions, the arch state made of precast concrete, which is installed in the tunnel, is stabilized while the stress state is stabilized, and the arch structure is quickly drawn horizontally to realize the continuous construction of the tunnel structure.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 2879021 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2002-250044 (pages 2 to 3)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in order to widen the existing tunnel and construct a new tunnel, the concrete lining of the existing tunnel is removed as described above, and the ground around the tunnel on the back of the lining is excavated over a predetermined range. In many cases, tunnels have been excavated for a long period of time, ground stress redistribution has progressed, and the stress in the tunnel has been relatively stable. Is expected to be small. Therefore, except for the section where the ground classification is poor from the beginning, as in the case of conventional tunnel excavation, it is necessary to build a steel support immediately after the excavation and construct a support structure such as shotcrete or rock bolt. Often not.
[0006]
In addition, this arch support works not only as a support structure immediately after excavation, but also as a permanent structure that can bear the entire earth covering load acting after the completion of the existing tunnel or the loose load with a predetermined loose height. It is possible to function as a lining structure.
[0007]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of constructing a tunnel support, in which a precast concrete arch plate continuously loaded into a tunnel is used as a support immediately after excavation, and the arch plate is further covered with a secondary covering of a permanent structure. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of constructing a tunnel support that is made to function as an engineer.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for constructing a tunnel support for supporting a tunnel wall surface of a new tunnel in which a cross section of the existing tunnel is widened while protecting a general vehicle passing through a construction area connected to the existing tunnel with a protector. , A rail foundation and a shoring support foundation are provided along the tunnel extending direction at a position near the wall leg of the new tunnel, and a rail having a recess capable of accommodating a spherical body is continuously installed on the rail foundation upper surface. Then, a plurality of spherical bodies are dispersedly arranged in the recesses of the rail, and an arcuate arch plate for supporting the tunnel wall surface immediately adjacent to the face to be advanced following the excavation of the new tunnel is temporarily provided behind the face. Assembling, moving to the position immediately adjacent to the face using the rolling of the spherical body in the rail, and moving the arch plate leg from the rail foundation to the support structure. To with the arch plate vertices present set to arch closing, characterized in that to fill the back-filling material to the back of the closed engaged arches integrating tunnel 支保 at working face near.
[0009]
At this time, it is preferable that the rail foundation is composed of a precast concrete member that can be installed over a predetermined range behind the face position of the new tunnel, and that the member is used by being advanced as the face position advances.
[0010]
Further, it is preferable that the arch plate leg is moved from a rail position on the rail foundation to a shoring support foundation position by extension means provided on the protector.
[0011]
It is preferable that a key arch is inserted from the face side into a gap between the tops generated when the arch plate is installed on the support structure, and the top and the key arch are connected to form a 4-hinge arch.
[0012]
Alternatively, the tops of the arch plates are temporarily connected so that the arch plates forming a pair of tunnel arches are located at the front and rear positions in the tunnel extending direction, and when installing the arch plates on the support structure, a rear arch plate is used. To connect the tops to form a three hinge arch.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a method for constructing a tunnel support according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-section showing the components of a new tunnel 1 constructed by the method of constructing a tunnel support according to the present invention, and precast concrete arch support (hereinafter simply referred to as arch support) up to a position immediately before a face in a cross section. Fig. 2 shows a state in which an arch support is installed at a position immediately adjacent to the face, and a space between the wall and the wall covered with shotcrete is filled with backfill concrete to integrate the tunnel support. The state is shown.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, the new tunnel 1 is formed by excavating the ground around the existing tunnel 2 by full-section excavation and widening, and the surface of the ground has a thickness of 50 to 150 mm. It is covered with shotcrete 3 to prevent the ground from peeling and falling. In the shotcrete leg 3a, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 3, a rail foundation 11 and a support leg foundation 12 are inserted into a groove 5 dug from the lower half plate 4 into a predetermined sectional shape. Is constructed. On the rail foundation 11 of the foundation abutment 10, a horizontal pulling rail 15 for the horizontal pulling bearing method described above is installed. The horizontal pulling rail 15 has a cross section in which a narrow width H-section steel is laid horizontally, and in a groove 15a having a web as a bottom surface, in a rail extending direction in such a number that the bearing balls 16 as spherical bodies are appropriately dispersed. Many are arranged. The bearing balls 16 function as friction reducing means for moving an arch plate constituting an arch supporter placed on the horizontal pulling rail 15. In the present embodiment, a steel ball of φ11 mm is used as the bearing ball 16. An arch support 20 is provided on the bearing ball 16 via a guide plate 21 fixed to the lower surface. At this time, the dynamic friction coefficient μ of the arch support 20 supported by the bearing balls 16 can be expected to be 0.05 or less.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the arch support 20 has a stable four-hinge arch structure by fitting a key arch at the top end of the tunnel, thereby forming two arc-shaped arch plates 23, 23 and one. And a key arch 22. In the present embodiment, the arch plate 23 has a composite arcuate arch shape following the curvature of the upper half arch and the lower half side wall of the new tunnel 1, and is treated as a pair of members symmetrical with respect to the center line of the tunnel cross section. A part of the arch support 20 is already erected in a standing state in which a part thereof is supported by elongating means (see FIG. 5) mounted on the protector 30 and the top 24 is temporarily fixed by connecting bolts (not shown). The tunnel space is moved to a position immediately adjacent to the face by an extrusion method using the bearing ball 16. The extrusion method is a name that takes into account the fact that the target structure is pushed in the direction of movement by means of a jack or other propulsion means, and has the technical advantage of using steel bearing balls as a means of reducing friction during movement. The features are the same as the horizontal pulling bearing method described above.
[0016]
Here, the configuration of the basic abutment 10 will be described with reference to FIG. In the foundation abutment 10, a rail foundation 11 and a shoring leg foundation 12 are integrally formed in a groove in which a predetermined range of the lower half plate from the shotcrete leg is excavated in a substantially trapezoidal shape in a tunnel extending direction. It is a structure provided so that. As shown in the figure, the rail foundation 11 has a composite structure section in which the space between the upper and lower flanges of the H-shaped steel 13 is filled with concrete 14, and the horizontal pulling rail 15 is installed on the upper surface of the upper flange 13a. In the present embodiment, the rail foundation 11 is used as a temporary member made of precast concrete installed in a section where the arch supporter 20 is carried in a predetermined distance from the face, and is rearranged in the face direction following the progress of the face. Can be used. On the other hand, the shoring leg base 12 is a permanent structure on which the leg portion 20a of the arch shoring 20 installed at a predetermined position on the tunnel wall side is placed. It is designed to bear the lining load at the time, and is made of a steel reinforced concrete structure in which a narrow H-shaped steel 17 is embedded.
[0017]
The movement and installation of the arch support 20 by the extrusion method using the bearing balls 16 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. In the state shown in FIG. 1, when the horizontal pulling rail 15 is moved by a moving device such as a jack or a winch to the deployed position of the arch support 20 near the face, the temporary connection of the top 24 of the arch plate 23 is disconnected. The support leg 20a is slid toward the tunnel wall surface on which the shotcrete 3 is constructed, and the key arch 22 is fitted into the gap between the arch plates 23 formed on the top and connected to form a 4-hinge arch structure. . At this time, the arch support 20 is installed at a position where a gap of a predetermined width (about 130 mm) is formed from the sprayed concrete surface on the back surface, and every time the arch support 20 is built for one space (one ring), or The backfill concrete that closes the gap is filled over a range where the back ground does not loosen, and the shotcrete and the arch support 20 are integrated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the tunnel ground covered with shotcrete, the backfill concrete 6, and the arch support 20 made of precast concrete are united as a support for the new tunnel 1. Function.
[0018]
The protector shown in FIG. 5 is a temporary structure that is used for traffic protection and for deploying the arch supporter 20 brought in close to the face to the wall of the tunnel. It runs along the tunnel extension direction. The cross-sectional shape has a box-shaped shape with a main structure composed of a frame assembled in a gate shape so as to surround the traffic limit of the vehicle and covered with a side cover and a protective roof. Each member is designed to have such strength that a jack for deploying the arch support 20 and a crane 27 and a lifter 28 for inserting a key arch can be mounted on the protective roof. On the legs and upper part of the protector 30, deployment jacks 31, 32 as extension means are mounted. These deployment jacks 31 and 32 are hydraulic cylinder jacks whose rods extend horizontally outward, and press the legs and shoulders of the arch supporter 20 with the ends of the rods that can be extended and retracted in synchronism to arch toward the tunnel wall surface. The support 20 can be slid and unfolded.
[0019]
As a method of inserting the key arch 22 into the gap formed at the top of the arch support 20, as shown in FIG. 1, the key arch 22 is inserted into the gap between the arch plates 23 from directly below, and integrated by connecting bolts or the like (not shown). As shown in FIG. 4, there is a method of inserting the key arch 22 having a trapezoidal wedge shape in a plan view from the face side horizontally into the gap between the arch plates 23, and integrating them with connecting bolts or the like. In any method of inserting a key arch, it is preferable to save labor by using a crane, a lifter, or the like installed on the protector 30 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the arch support 20 that is carried to the deployment position immediately adjacent to the face is assembled at the position where the arch support 20 has already been built or at the outside of the mine. It is pushed out by a propulsion means such as a jack, moved to a predetermined position, and carried in. At this time, it is preferable to install a tension member such as a tie rod at a predetermined position of the arch plate in order to prevent the arch supporter 20 from falling down or deforming.
[0020]
Next, a modification of the method of deploying the arch support will be described with reference to FIGS.
[Simple leg structure]
FIG. 6 shows a modified example in which the support structure of the legs for supporting the arch support 20 is simplified, and the work of building and deploying the arch support 20 is simplified. In the method of embedding and unfolding the arch support 20 shown in FIG. 6, a narrow H-shaped steel as viewed in a plan view in FIG. It was laid on the ground surface of the lower half plate 4 of 3a. Then, the bearing balls 16 are scattered in the groove portions of the horizontal pulling rails 15, and the arch supporting legs 20 a are erected on the bearing balls 16 to perform the unfolding operation. Specifically, as shown in both figures, the arch supporter 20 is moved from the temporary assembly position to the position immediately adjacent to the face, and while the leg portion 20a is slid toward the tunnel wall surface, the arch top 24 is connected to the tunnel wall surface. The key arch 22 is pushed and spread toward the vicinity of the top end (FIG. 6), and the key arch 22 is inserted into the gap formed at the top by any of the methods described above to complete the arch structure. Subsequently, backfill concrete 6 is filled in the gap on the back side of the arch support 20. Thereby, early stabilization of the tunnel by the arch support can be easily achieved.
[0021]
[Arch support without key arch]
In this modified example, the arch support 40 is configured to form a three-hinge arch by connecting the tops of the arch plates 41 by omitting the key arch. In this modified example, the dimensions of the arch plate 41 are large, so as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 9, a rail base 11 having substantially the same shape as that of FIG. 3 is installed in the groove 5 dug deeper than the invert position. ing. Thereby, even when the arch support 40 temporarily assembled in the shape shown in FIG. 8 is carried in, a clearance is obtained between the top of the tunnel wall surface and the top of the arch support 40, and the same as when a key arch is used. The arch support 40 can be carried in and unfolded. In this modification, in order to install the arch support leg 40a on the support leg support base 12 at a position immediately adjacent to the face, it is necessary to provide a lifting device such as a jack for lifting the entire arch support upward. It is.
[0022]
FIGS. 10 and 11 show a modification in which the base abutment 10 shown in FIG. 1 is used and an arch plate 42 omitting a key arch is erected and can be deployed. FIG. 10 shows a pair of arch slabs 42, 42 shifted to the front and rear positions, placed on the bearing balls 16 of the horizontal pulling rail 15, and attached to the opposing surfaces of the overlapping portions of the tops of the front and back arch slabs 42, 42. An arch supporter 40 is shown which is temporarily assembled by connecting the two members in the tunnel extending direction by connecting pins 43. In the arch supporter 40 temporarily assembled in this manner, when the arch supporter 40 on the face side reaches the predetermined position immediately adjacent to the face, the connection between the arch plates 42 is cut off, and the arch plate 42 is developed and both the arch plates 42 are developed. In a state where the overlapping portion of the arch is separated, the arch plate 42 on the rear side is advanced to a position immediately adjacent to the face, and the arch plate 42 is closed at a position where the tops of the arch plates 42 coincide with each other in the axial direction.
[0023]
FIG. 11 shows a state in which the top of one arch plate 44 is stacked on the top of the other arch plate 45 to secure a clearance with the inner surface of the lining when passing through the tunnel, and advance to the position immediately adjacent to the face to make the arch plate 44, 45 shows a modified example in which 45 is raised toward the tunnel wall surface, and the tops are connected to each other to perform a predetermined arch closing. In this case, it is desirable to provide an arch support upright means on a protector (not shown) that supports the arch support 40.
[0024]
In the example in which the arch is closed as a support by assembling the arch support as described above, the backfill concrete 6 is filled after the arch is closed in order to close the space between the arch support and the tunnel wall surface. The backfill concrete 6 preferably has a sufficient fluidity so that the voids can be completely filled in order to ensure that the arch support works as a permanent lining in the future. In addition, it is also preferable to apply a waterproof sheet work (not shown) on the back surface of the arch support in order to perform a spring treatment from the ground or shotcrete. In this case, it is preferable to select a grout material that can exhibit sufficient adhesion between the waterproof sheet and the back surface of the arch support.
[0025]
In order to allow the arch support to function as a permanent lining, the above-mentioned backfill concrete 6 satisfies the design strength required for the lining structure and has a fluidity that can be filled into the filling space at the time of construction. Is preferably set.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, when constructing a new tunnel by widening the cross-section of the existing tunnel, use the precast concrete arch plate as a support for the new tunnel to quickly build the support structure for the new tunnel. This enables safe and highly efficient tunnel widening work, shortens the construction period, and can be used as part of the conventional secondary lining, thereby reducing lining material and cost. Is achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel schematically showing a state in which arch supports are built in a method of constructing a tunnel support of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel showing a state in which an arch support is installed from the state shown in FIG. 1, the backing concrete is filled, and the tunnel support is integrated.
FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a state in which an arch support is moved from a rail foundation of a foundation abutment onto a support foundation and installed.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional plan view of a tunnel showing a state where a key arch is inserted from the face side.
FIG. 5 is a state explanatory view showing a protector installed in a tunnel, a built-in arch support, and a lifted state of a key arch.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel showing a modified example of a method of building and deploying arch supports.
FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged front view showing a state of the arch support leg in the method shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel showing another modification of the method of building and deploying the arch support.
FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a state where the arch support is moved from the rail foundation of the foundation abut shown in FIG. 8 to the support of the support and installed.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel showing another modification (top pin connection) of a method of building and deploying arch supports.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel showing another modification (stacking) of a method of building and deploying arch supports.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 New tunnel 2 Existing tunnel 3 Shotcrete 4 Lower half 6 Backfill concrete 10 Foundation abutment 11 Rail foundation 12 Supporting support foundation 15 Lateral pulling rail 16 Bearing ball 20, 40 Arch support 22 Key arch 23, 41, 42, 43 , 44,45 Arch version 30 Protector 31,32 Deployment jack

Claims (5)

既設トンネルに連なる工事区域を通行する一般車両をプロテクタで防護しながら既設トンネルの断面を拡幅した新設トンネルのトンネル壁面を支保するためのトンネル支保の構築方法において、
前記新設トンネルの壁面脚部近傍位置に、トンネル延長方向に沿ってレール基礎と支保工支持基礎とを設け、前記レール基礎上面に、球状体を収容可能な凹所を有するレールを連続設置し、該レールの凹所に複数の球状体を分散して配置し、前記新設トンネルの掘削進行に追従して前進する切羽直近のトンネル壁面を支保する円弧状のアーチ版を、切羽後方にて仮組みし、前記レール内の球状体の転動を利用して前記切羽直近まで移動し、アーチ版脚部を前記レール基礎上から前記支保工支持構造上に移動設置するとともにアーチ版頂部を本組みしてアーチ閉合し、該閉合されたアーチの背面に裏込め材を充填して切羽近傍でのトンネル支保を一体化することを特徴とするトンネル支保の構築方法。
In the construction method of the tunnel support to support the tunnel wall surface of the new tunnel where the cross section of the existing tunnel is widened while protecting the general vehicle passing through the construction area connected to the existing tunnel with the protector,
At the position near the wall leg of the new tunnel, a rail foundation and a shoring support foundation are provided along the tunnel extension direction, and a rail having a recess capable of accommodating a spherical body is continuously installed on the rail foundation upper surface, A plurality of spherical bodies are dispersed and arranged in the recesses of the rail, and an arcuate arch plate for supporting a tunnel wall in the immediate vicinity of a cutting face which advances following the excavation progress of the new tunnel is temporarily assembled behind the cutting face. Then, using the rolling of the spherical body in the rail, move to the immediate vicinity of the face, move the arch plate leg from above the rail foundation to the support structure and fully install the arch plate top. A method of constructing a tunnel support, characterized in that the arch is closed and a backfill material is filled in the back of the closed arch to integrate the tunnel support near the face.
前記レール基礎は、前記新設トンネルの切羽位置から後方の所定範囲にわたり設置可能なプレキャストコンクリート部材からなり、該部材を前記切羽位置の進行に伴って前進させて用いることを特徴とする請求項1記載のトンネル支保の構築方法。The said rail foundation consists of a precast concrete member which can be installed over a predetermined range behind the cutting face position of the new tunnel, and this member is used by advancing as the cutting face position advances. How to build a tunnel support. 前記アーチ版脚部を、前記プロテクタに装備された伸長手段により前記レール基礎上のレール位置から支保工支持基礎位置まで移動させることを特徴とする請求項1記載のトンネル支保の構築方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the arch plate leg is moved from a rail position on the rail foundation to a support foundation position by extension means provided on the protector. 前記アーチ版を前記支保工支持構造上に設置する際に生じた頂部間の隙間に、切羽側からキーアーチを挿入して前記頂部とキーアーチとを連結して4ヒンジアーチが形成されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のトンネル支保の構築方法。A 4 hinge arch is formed by inserting a key arch from the face side and connecting the top and the key arch to a gap between the tops generated when the arch plate is installed on the support structure, and the top and the key arch are formed. The method for constructing a tunnel support according to claim 1. 1対でトンネルアーチをなすアーチ版がトンネル延長方向に前後位置となるように、アーチ版頂部が仮連結され、前記アーチ版を前記支保工支持構造上に設置する際に、後方アーチ版を移動して前記頂部同士を連結して3ヒンジアーチが形成されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のトンネル支保の構築方法。The tops of the arch slabs are temporarily connected so that the arch slabs forming a pair of tunnel arches are located at the front and rear positions in the tunnel extension direction. The method according to claim 1, wherein the three hinge arches are formed by connecting the tops to each other.
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006134408A2 (en) * 2005-06-13 2006-12-21 Robert Planinc Assembly system for prefabricated secondary tunnel lining
JP2009144362A (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-07-02 Maeda Corp Method of self-supporting arched concrete reinforcement for tunnel
CN107747492A (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-03-02 中铁二十四局集团安徽工程有限公司 Extension type cross preliminary bracing structure and its deformation dynamics control method
CN107905809A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-04-13 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Diplopore hollow, rectangular section load bearing beam road cutting type protecting arched tunnel liner structure and separate type drainage system
CN108412549A (en) * 2018-03-21 2018-08-17 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 One kind being adapted to gas bearing rock section tunnel support structure
CN108868823A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-11-23 广州地铁设计研究院有限公司 A kind of reinforcement structure suitable for just propping up into hole
JP2018193717A (en) * 2017-05-15 2018-12-06 古河ロックドリル株式会社 Machine to install timbering for tunnel
CN109931075A (en) * 2019-04-03 2019-06-25 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 The hole arragement construction in steep inclined shaft tunnel
CN110714778A (en) * 2019-10-14 2020-01-21 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 Single-hole double-line mine method tunnel section with urban D-type vehicle clearance design and without mid-partition wall
CN111219200A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-06-02 长安大学 Buckling-restrained assembled tunnel combined structure supporting system and construction method thereof
JP2020159059A (en) * 2019-03-26 2020-10-01 株式会社奥村組 Tunnel ceiling surface grinding/cleaning method and grinding/cleaning device
CN113236296A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-08-10 中铁二局第二工程有限公司 Arch pier body preservation method for subway station arch cover construction
CN113482669A (en) * 2021-08-10 2021-10-08 吴月晨 Urban underground space engineering excavation supporting device
CN113944483A (en) * 2021-09-27 2022-01-18 成都大学 Special-shaped structure, rack structure and connection cavern vault secondary lining construction method
CN114046162A (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-02-15 中电建路桥集团有限公司 High ground temperature tunnel bottom plate heat insulation structure
CN114483112A (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-05-13 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 Arch foot structure, construction method and arch foot system for tunnel primary support
CN116517596A (en) * 2023-06-27 2023-08-01 中铁六局集团太原铁路建设有限公司 Tunnel supporting structure and supporting method
JP7444763B2 (en) 2020-12-01 2024-03-06 大成建設株式会社 Tunnel lining structure and tunnel construction method

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006134408A3 (en) * 2005-06-13 2007-02-22 Robert Planinc Assembly system for prefabricated secondary tunnel lining
WO2006134408A2 (en) * 2005-06-13 2006-12-21 Robert Planinc Assembly system for prefabricated secondary tunnel lining
JP2009144362A (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-07-02 Maeda Corp Method of self-supporting arched concrete reinforcement for tunnel
JP2018193717A (en) * 2017-05-15 2018-12-06 古河ロックドリル株式会社 Machine to install timbering for tunnel
CN107747492A (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-03-02 中铁二十四局集团安徽工程有限公司 Extension type cross preliminary bracing structure and its deformation dynamics control method
CN107905809A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-04-13 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Diplopore hollow, rectangular section load bearing beam road cutting type protecting arched tunnel liner structure and separate type drainage system
CN107905809B (en) * 2017-12-27 2024-01-19 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Double-hole hollow rectangular section beam bearing cutting type arched tunnel lining structure
CN108412549A (en) * 2018-03-21 2018-08-17 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 One kind being adapted to gas bearing rock section tunnel support structure
CN108412549B (en) * 2018-03-21 2023-07-18 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 Tunnel supporting structure suitable for gas occurrence rock section
CN108868823A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-11-23 广州地铁设计研究院有限公司 A kind of reinforcement structure suitable for just propping up into hole
CN108868823B (en) * 2018-06-29 2024-04-12 广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司 Reinforcing structure suitable for primary support hole entering
JP7157693B2 (en) 2019-03-26 2022-10-20 株式会社奥村組 Tunnel ceiling surface cleaning method and cleaning device
JP2020159059A (en) * 2019-03-26 2020-10-01 株式会社奥村組 Tunnel ceiling surface grinding/cleaning method and grinding/cleaning device
CN109931075A (en) * 2019-04-03 2019-06-25 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 The hole arragement construction in steep inclined shaft tunnel
CN109931075B (en) * 2019-04-03 2024-04-12 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 Hole arrangement structure of steep slope inclined shaft tunnel
CN110714778A (en) * 2019-10-14 2020-01-21 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 Single-hole double-line mine method tunnel section with urban D-type vehicle clearance design and without mid-partition wall
CN111219200B (en) * 2020-03-18 2024-04-26 长安大学 Buckling-restrained assembled tunnel combined structure supporting system and construction method thereof
CN111219200A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-06-02 长安大学 Buckling-restrained assembled tunnel combined structure supporting system and construction method thereof
JP7444763B2 (en) 2020-12-01 2024-03-06 大成建設株式会社 Tunnel lining structure and tunnel construction method
CN113236296B (en) * 2021-04-25 2023-08-18 中铁二局第二工程有限公司 Arch leg rock mass preservation method for subway station arch cover method construction
CN113236296A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-08-10 中铁二局第二工程有限公司 Arch pier body preservation method for subway station arch cover construction
CN113482669B (en) * 2021-08-10 2024-01-16 吴月晨 Urban underground space engineering excavation supporting device
CN113482669A (en) * 2021-08-10 2021-10-08 吴月晨 Urban underground space engineering excavation supporting device
CN113944483A (en) * 2021-09-27 2022-01-18 成都大学 Special-shaped structure, rack structure and connection cavern vault secondary lining construction method
CN114046162A (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-02-15 中电建路桥集团有限公司 High ground temperature tunnel bottom plate heat insulation structure
CN114483112B (en) * 2021-12-23 2023-05-23 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 Arch leg structure, construction method and arch leg system of tunnel primary support
CN114483112A (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-05-13 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 Arch foot structure, construction method and arch foot system for tunnel primary support
CN116517596A (en) * 2023-06-27 2023-08-01 中铁六局集团太原铁路建设有限公司 Tunnel supporting structure and supporting method
CN116517596B (en) * 2023-06-27 2023-10-10 中铁六局集团太原铁路建设有限公司 Tunnel supporting structure and supporting method

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