JP2004270979A - Ventilation house and method of forming cold air reservoir - Google Patents

Ventilation house and method of forming cold air reservoir Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004270979A
JP2004270979A JP2003059501A JP2003059501A JP2004270979A JP 2004270979 A JP2004270979 A JP 2004270979A JP 2003059501 A JP2003059501 A JP 2003059501A JP 2003059501 A JP2003059501 A JP 2003059501A JP 2004270979 A JP2004270979 A JP 2004270979A
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Prior art keywords
opening
outside air
air
ventilation
underfloor
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JP2003059501A
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JP4334887B2 (en
Inventor
Keizo Kazami
桂三 風見
Shigenobu Takahashi
茂信 高橋
Hidenori Takamura
秀紀 高村
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Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0006Control or safety arrangements for ventilation using low temperature external supply air to assist cooling

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  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ventilation house and a method of forming a cold air reservoir, capable of forming the cold air reservoir by effectively utilizing the outside air and the cold heat by indoor cooling, efficiently discharging the warm air in an upper layer of a building, easily advancing the efficiency in improving the hot environment in upper stories, saving the energy, and improving the dwelling environment. <P>SOLUTION: An underfloor ventilating hole is automatically controlled to be opened and closed by a control means and an automatic opening and closing means to switch an outside air introducing passage according to the necessity. Whereby the wasteful outflow of the cold air and the unnecessary inflow of hot air can be prevented, the proper cold air reservoir is formed indoors, and only the warm air in the upper layer of the cold air reservoir is discharged. Further the cold air reservoir is efficiently formed by synchronizing the control of a ventilating device for switching the heat exchanging ventilation and the ordinary ventilation, or a ventilating device capable of temporarily increasing the air supply with the opening and closing control of the underfloor ventilating hole. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
冷気溜りの形成に適した通気住宅および冷気溜りの形成方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
断熱気密化により室内の保温性を高めた住宅においては、夏季の特に夜間は、室内温度が外気温度に比べ高い状況が続く、熱ごもりの状態にあることが知られている。この問題を改善する建物として、外気を床下換気口から導入し、一旦床下の冷熱で冷却した後、断熱壁の内側に形成した壁内通気層を通じて建物の上部に冷熱を伝熱させて、小屋裏換気口から空気を排出する、いわゆる壁内通気住宅が数多く知られている(例えば特許文献1参照)。これら建物内外の温度差によって壁内や室内の通気を行う、いわゆる通気住宅では、外気温度はもちろん、室内温度も空調機の利用状況、開口部の日射遮蔽や近隣建物などの日陰によっても、時々刻々の変化しており、得られる通気量も、また取り入れる外気の温度も時間によって変化している。
【0003】
一方、これら壁内通気住宅においても、小屋裏に設置した換気扇により、床下換気口からの導入外気量および壁内通気量を増やし、床下および通気層への冷熱の伝熱を促進させようとしたものも知られている(例えば特許文献2参照)。さらに、床下の冷熱は、べた基礎を通じた地中熱によるものが一般的であるが、より冷却効果を高める為に、床下に冷熱装置または蓄熱容量の大きな材料を配置し、発生した冷熱と、床下に直接導入される外気とを熱交換させ、壁内の通気によって建物全体に熱を供給するものも知られている(例えば特許文献1参照)。このように通気住宅での通気量の変化、通気させる外気温度の変化に対して、通気量の増加または通気温度の低温化などの工夫がされるようになってきている。
【0004】
さらに温度センサーによって、外気または小屋裏、床下の温度を測定し、測定データにもとづき、外気取り入れ口の開閉判定および換気装置、空調装置の運転判定など、壁内の通気量および室内の換気量を制御し、室内温度の均質化を図る方法も知られている(例えば特許文献3、特許文献4参照)。
【0005】
【特許文献1】特開平10−46694(第1図)
【0006】
【特許文献2】実開平06−4209(第1図)
【0007】
【特許文献3】実開平06−28534(第3図)
【0008】
【特許文献4】特開2001−279837(第1図、第2図)
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
壁内通気住宅では、通常、地中温度により冷却されている床下コンクリート面等の低温部分を利用し、外気を床下に直接導入して冷却する方法が取られている。しかしながら外気温度が高い地域では、床下コンクリート面が設置されている地中温度が高くなり、外気を冷却する効果が低下する問題がある。特に換気ファンにより大量の外気を導入する場合は顕著である。また地中熱によって外気を冷却できる温度には限界があるうえ、空気の熱容量は固体に比べ小さい。その為、床下で冷却した空気を壁内の中空層を通して、建物上部の小屋裏に到達させるまでに空気温度は上昇し、壁内からの壁面冷却や小屋裏を低温の空気で置換する効果を常に得ることは難しく、建物上階の暑さが大きく改善しない状況が見られる。また建物内外の温度差のみを通気の原動力としている場合は、冷房機により室内温度が外気温度よりも低くなる時間があると、室内周囲の中空層も温度が低下し、中空層内の空気が降下して、小屋裏換気口から外気を引き込む場合がある。この時、小屋裏付近の高い空気が、低温の下階に流下するとともに、床下換気口からは床下冷気が外部に押出されてしまう。このように床下に外気を常時導入する方法では、床下冷熱を散逸させてしまい、快適な室内環境の形成に効果的に利用されていないという問題がある。
【0010】
さらに外気または床下、小屋裏温度を計測して、外気の取り入れ口の開閉および送風機などの制御を外気温度によって判断する方法であっても、外気温度が室内温度に対して有効でない場合には、外気取り入れ口を全て閉鎖してしまうため、例えば空調時の建物全体の保冷という点では好ましいが、空調時であっても温度が高くなりやすい小屋裏の温度改善を、外気冷却によって図る事ができなくなる問題がある。またこの中空層内の空気の降下に対して、温度センサーによる外気取り入れ口の開閉を利用しようとすると、建物内外の温度差を正確に把握するためには、温度センサーの設置数量を多く必要とし、少ない温度センサーとする場合は、建物全体の温度を的確に表す場所の設定が困難となるなどの問題が生じている。特に一部室のみを空調する場合は、建物内の全体温度の把握が難しくなる。
【0011】
また床下および通気層を室内の換気用ダクトとして利用し、換気装置により、床下および通気層に外気を導入する方法では、常時、床下に空気が通るため、床下の冷熱が早期に減少してしまうこと、一部室を冷房するような場合は、冷房室の周囲の通気層に、非冷房室からの熱を強制的に導入してしまい冷房効果を弱めてしまう事、通気層を介するため空気搬送動力も余分に必要となり、換気経路の設計も煩雑である等の問題が生じる。
【0012】
よって本発明では、上記従来の問題を鑑みて、通気住宅における空気の降下にを防止するとともに、外気や室内の冷房による冷熱を有効に活用して冷気溜りを形成でき、さらに建物上層の暖気を効率よく排出し、上階の暑熱環境の改善効率の向上を容易に図ることができる省エネ、夏季の様に外気温が高い場合の住環境がより改善された通気住宅、および冷気溜りの形成方法を提供する。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、前記目的を達成するために、以下の構成を有する通気住宅および冷気溜りの形成方法である。
【0014】
コンクリート基礎と、外装材と内装材との間に張り巡らした断熱材とによって外気と区画された内部空間を有し、その内部空間には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層とを有し、前記居住空間は換気装置によって外気と換気可能であり、前記中空層は開閉可能な床下換気口および該床下換気口よりも上部に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部とによって外気と連通可能である壁内通気住宅であって、前記外皮開口部を開放した状態で、前記床下換気口を制御手段と自動開閉手段とにより自動で開閉し、前記外皮開口部より下方の中空層を選択的に非通気構造として冷気溜りを形成することを特徴とする通気住宅(請求項1)。
【0015】
最上階の居住空間の上方に形成された前記中空層部分に、該中空層から屋外への排気を行う電動ファンを併設した前記外皮開口部と、電動ファンを併設しない前記外皮開口部とを、各々少なくとも1つ以上形成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の通気住宅(請求項2)。
【0016】
前記床下換気口の制御手段は、外気温度と該換気装置の排気温度との差を検知して開閉を判定することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項2のいずれかに記載の通気住宅(請求項3)。
【0017】
前記床下換気口の制御手段は、設定温度と外気温度との差を検知して開閉を判定することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項2のいずれかに記載の通気住宅(請求項4)。
【0018】
前記床下換気口の制御手段は、時間による開閉を判定することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項2のいずれかに記載の通気住宅(請求項5)。
【0019】
前記換気装置は、給気と排気との熱交換換気運転と、熱交換を行わない普通換気運転との切替手段を有し、該切替手段は前記床下換気口の制御手段によって切替制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の通気住宅(請求項6)。
【0020】
前記換気装置は、給排気方式の換気装置であって、給気量を排気量よりも一時的に多くできる調整手段を有し、該調整手段は前記床下換気口の制御手段によって制御することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の通気住宅(請求項7)。
【0021】
コンクリート基礎と、外装材と内装材との間に張り巡らした断熱材とによって外気と区画された内部空間を有し、その内部空間には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層とを有し、前記居住空間は換気装置によって外気と換気可能であり、前記中空層は開閉可能な床下換気口および最上階の居住空間の上方に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部によって外気と連通可能である壁内通気住宅であって、自動開閉手段と前記換気装置の排気温度と外気温度との差を検知して開閉を判定する制御手段とによって自動開閉可能とした前記床下換気口を、外気温度が排気温度より低い時には自動で開放して、床下換気口よりも上方の中空層に外気を通気させて冷却し、冷気を形成し、外気温度が排気温度より高い時には床下換気口を自動で閉鎖することで、外皮開口部よりも下方の中空層に対し外気を非通気として、冷気溜りを形成するとともに、最上階の居住空間の上方の排熱を行うことを特徴とした冷気溜りの形成方法(請求項8)。
【0022】
コンクリート基礎と、外装材と内装材との間に張り巡らした断熱材とによって外気と区画された内部空間を有し、その内部空間には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層とを有し、前記居住空間は換気装置によって外気と換気可能であり、前記中空層は開閉可能な床下換気口および最上階の居住空間の上方に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部によって外気と連通可能である壁内通気住宅であって、自動開閉手段と、設定温度と外気温度との差を検知して開閉を判定する制御手段とによって自動開閉可能とした前記床下換気口を、外気温度が冷房設定温度以下である時は自動で開放することで、床下換気口から上方の中空層に外気を通気させて冷却し、冷気を形成し、外気温度が冷房設定温度よりも高い時は自動で閉鎖することで、外皮開口部よりも下方の中空層に対し外気を非通気として、冷気溜りを形成するとともに、最上階の居住空間の上方の排熱を行うことを特徴とした冷気溜りの形成方法(請求項9)。
【0023】
コンクリート基礎と、外装材と内装材との間に張り巡らした断熱材とによって外気と区画された内部空間を有し、その内部空間には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層とを有し、前記居住空間は換気装置によって外気と換気可能であり、前記中空層は開閉可能な床下換気口および最上階の居住空間の上方に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部によって外気と連通可能である壁内通気住宅であって、自動開閉手段と開閉時間を判定するタイマーとによって自動開閉可能とした前記床下換気口を、夜間に自動で開放することで、床下換気口よりも上方の中空層に外気を通気させて冷却し、冷気を形成し、昼間に自動で閉鎖することで、外皮開口部よりも下方の中空層に対し外気を非通気とし、冷気溜りを形成するとともに、最上階の居住空間の上方の排熱を行うことを特徴とした冷気溜りの形成方法(請求項10)。
【0024】
前記外皮開口部は、中空層から屋外への排気を行う電動ファンを併設したものと、電動ファンを併設しないものとが、少なくとも各1ヶ以上設けられていおり、外皮開口部を開放し、かつ前記電動ファンを運転した状態で、前記床下換気口を自動で開放することで、床下換気口から上方の中空層に外気を通気させて冷却し、冷気を形成し、前記床下換気口を自動で閉鎖することで、電動ファンを併設していない外皮開口部から外気を取り入れるとともに、電動ファンを併設している外皮開口部から排気とすることで、外皮開口部よりも下方の中空層に対し外気を非通気として、外皮開口部より下方の冷気溜りを形成するとともに、最上階の居住空間の上方の排熱を行うことを特徴とする請求項8から請求項10のいずれかに記載の床下換気口の制御手段を使用した冷気溜りの形成方法(請求項11)。
【0025】
前記換気装置は、給気と排気との熱交換換気運転と、熱交換を行わない普通換気運転との切替手段を有し、該切替手段は、前記床下換気口を開放とした時に普通換気運転に切り替えて、前記居住空間内に外気による冷気を形成し、前記床下換気口を閉鎖とした時に熱交換換気運転に切り替えて、前記居住空間内に冷気溜りを形成することを特徴とした請求項8から請求項11のいずれかに記載の冷気溜りの形成方法 (請求項12)。
【0026】
前記換気装置は、給気量を排気量よりも一時的に多くする調節手段を有し、該調整手段は、床下換気口を閉鎖した時のみ給気量を排気風量よりも多くなるよう調整し、前記居住空間内を加圧し、前記居住空間上部の熱気を外皮開口部から排気することを特徴とした請求項8から請求項11のいずれかに記載の冷気溜りの形成方法 (請求項13)。
【0027】
【発明の実施の形態】
【0028】
【実施例】以下、この発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図1は、本発明による通気住宅の断面を模式的に示す断面図である。なお本発明に特徴的な中間期から夏季の状態を示している。
【0029】
本発明の第1の実施形態を示す図1は、コンクリート基礎20と、外装材23、25と内装材26との間に張り巡らした断熱材21、22、24とによって外気と区画され、その内部には、内装材26で囲まれた居住空間2と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層3とを有し、前記断熱材21、22、24および前記コンクリート基礎20および外装材23を貫通して形成した床下換気口13および外皮開口部16と、換気装置10を有している。また、断熱材22、24と外装材23、25との間には外側通気層が設けられていて、その下端と上端(棟部)、場合によっては、軒部分あるいはその他の箇所に開口部が設けられていて、常時外気の流通が可能な状態となっている。
【0030】
換気装置の設置場所は図1に示されているように最上階居住空間のもっとも高い場所を必ずしも示すものではない。
【0031】
なお前記断熱材は、柱、梁、耐力合板などの構造体の外側に位置するようにした外張り工法が、後述の中空層3を容易に確保可能であるという点で良好であるが、中空層3が確保できる断熱材厚みであれば、構造体の内部に位置する充填断熱工法であってもよい。またコンクリート基礎20部分の断熱材21は、省略も可能であるが、図1のように外気側または図示しないが内側に設ける方が、外部からの熱の影響をより少なくするという点で良好である。
【0032】
また通気住宅の建物としての気密性能は、開閉可能な床下換気口13,外皮開口部16および図示しない窓などを閉鎖した状態で、隙間相当面積(C値)が5cm/m以下、望ましくは2cm/m以下、さらに望ましくは1cm/m以下となるように、外壁、屋根、開口部周りの隙間を、例えばポリエチレンシートや粘着テープ、合板などの気密材で処理している。また断熱材の仕様は限定されるものではないが、例えばポリスチレン、ポリエチレン、ウレタンなどの発泡樹脂系断熱材およびグラスウール、ロックウールなどの繊維系断熱材などが用いられる。
【0033】
また本発明による通気住宅は、図1に示すように、自動で開閉可能な床下換気口13および開閉可能な外皮開口部16によって、中空層3と外気とが連通可能となっており、その結果、中空層3を外気と通気または非通気とすることが可能となっている。外皮開口部16は、床下換気口13の開放時に温度差換気が発生しやすいように、高さ方向になるべく距離をおいて形成していることが好ましく、図1では最上階の居住空間2の天井より上方の中空層に形成している。
【0034】
この床下換気口13および外皮開口部16は、閉鎖時には冬季の低温外気が容易に侵入しない断熱性と気密性を有することが好ましく、気密等級はA−2等級(JIS A4706−1996)と同等以上、好ましくはA−4等級と同等以上の性能を満たすことが好ましい。床下換気口13は、内外の温度条件に応じてきめ細かく開閉させることにより冷気溜まりを効果的に形成するために自動開閉させることが好ましく、そのため床下換気口13は自動開閉に適した態様とするのが好ましい。自動開閉可能な床下換気口13としては、図7A、図7Bに示すような、外形筒状であって、閉鎖弁41と気密材42とが接した状態で閉鎖でき、これにより筒の開口部分を開閉できるものが例示できる。なお床下換気口13を自動開閉させる場合は、自動開閉を行う自動開閉手段33を有しており、この自動開閉手段33は、図7Bに示すように、開閉弁41を回転させる電動モーター、電磁弁またはバネなどの駆動装置を含む構成が採用でき、後述の制御手段30によって開閉制御手段を用いることもできる。さらに図8A,図8Bに示す態様の場合においても、開閉弁41が軸部43とともに回転して閉鎖可能なように、自動開閉手段33は電動モーターなどの駆動装置を含む構成となっている。なおこの自動開閉手段33は、電動モーターなどの駆動装置を一体に組み込まず、自動外皮開口部13から離れた電動モーターを用いて、ワイヤーなどで開閉弁の軸を回転させるなどして、複数の床下換気口13の自動開閉を行うことも可能である。なお自動開閉手段33は、本実施例のような電動によらず、空気圧を利用した駆動装置でもよく、自動開閉の制御が可能なものであれば、本実施例に限定されるものではない。
また床下換気口13の外側または内側に、断熱気密性を有する手動開閉扉を設け、冬季は手動開閉扉を閉め、その他の季節は、手動開閉扉を開放し、床下換気口13を自動開閉させることも可能で、この場合、床下換気口13の断熱気密性能を必要としない。
【0035】
なお外皮開口部16は、通常の場合、中間期から夏季には開放とし、冬季は閉鎖されて用いられるが、前記の気密性能を有するのであれば手動の開閉可能な開き窓でもよく、開閉方法は、床下換気口13の自動開閉の制御手段30を用いることも可能であるし又遠隔操作による開閉機能だけとしたものでも良い。
【0036】
さらに本発明の通気住宅では、図1に示すように、居住空間2が外気と換気が可能なように換気装置が設置されている。図1には、集中給排気方式の換気装置を設置した例を示している。この換気装置は、換気装置本体10と居住空間2との間を給排気用のダクト17で接続し、さらに換気装置本体10の外気側には、排気口11および給気口12が接続されており、外気からの給気量と居住空間2からの排気量がほぼ同量となるように調整され、また計画された換気経路と換気量とによって、居住空間2の内部は換気が可能となっている。なおこの換気装置には、集中方式ではなく個別方式もよく、また給排気方式ではなく後述の集中排気方式なども採用可能である。また多数の居住空間2から構成される住宅の場合には、平均的な居住空間2の温度を把握することが可能となるので、集中式の換気装置を採用するのが好ましい。なお、本願図では給気用ダクトは省略している。
【0037】
また図2は、図1に示す通気住宅における換気の流れを模式的に示した図である。図2に示すように、前記換気装置の排気口11には、換気装置のダクト17によって複数の居住空間2から排気が集められ、この排気温度を計測する温度センサー31が設置されている。また給気口12部分にも温度センサー32が設置されており、外気温度を計測可能としている。
【0038】
これら温度センサーは、得られた温度を検知して床下換気口13の自動開閉を判定する制御手段30に接続されている。例えば制御手段30を、図5Aに示す制御手段30aとしたものは、得られた換気装置の排気温度および外気温度を一時的に記憶可能となっており、その他、温度設定手段36、判定部102、制御信号出力部103などで構成されている。
【0039】
この床下換気口13の開閉制御について、さらに詳細に記述すると、床下換気口13は前記換気装置の排気温度と外気温度に加え、室内に要求する温度をもとに予め設定した設定温度によって開閉制御されるのが好ましく、その態様を示している。つまり、図6Aに示す制御フローに従って、開閉が判定される。図6Aのフローにおいて、温度センサー31、32によって得られた排気温度と外気温度が制御手段30aに入力されると(図6A #1)、制御手段30aの内部にある判定部102において、設定温度と排気温度との比較を行い(図6A #2)、設定温度>排気温度であれば、床下換気口13は閉鎖(図6A #3)、違う場合は、外気温度と排気温度との比較を行い(図6A #4)、外気温度>排気温度であれば、床下換気口13は閉鎖(図6A #3)、違う場合は、床下換気口13は開放(図6A #5)というように、開閉の判定が順じ行われて、開閉を制御するようになっている。なお設定温度は、本発明において特徴的な中間期から夏季に導入する外気の好適な温度条件から、18〜30℃の範囲、より好ましくは20〜26℃の範囲で設定されることが好ましい。
【0040】
さらに上記のように設定温度を用いた開閉判定を行う方法ではなく、設定温度を省略して、排気温度と外気温度のみとすることも可能である。この場合は、温度設定手段36に代わって、図5Bに示すように、開閉指示手段37を設け、基本的に床下換気口13を開放とするか、閉鎖とするかを指定する。その後の制御フローは図6Bに示すように、閉鎖または開放の指定に応じて(図6B #0)、閉鎖が指定された場合は床下換気口13は閉鎖(図6B #3)、開放が指定された場合は、外気温度と排気温度との比較を行い(図6B #4)、外気温度>排気温度であれば、床下換気口13は閉鎖(図6B #3)、違う場合は、床下換気口13は開放(図6B #5)というように、開閉の判定が順じ行われて、開閉を制御するようになっている。なお、開閉指示手段37によって、開放とする指示の目安は、外気温度が、前述の設定温度と同じ18〜30℃、より好ましくは20〜26℃の範囲が例示できる。
【0041】
このように床下換気口13を換気装置の排気温度および外気温度によって開閉制御することにより床下換気口13を閉鎖し、内外温度差による中空層内の通気を非通気とすることが可能となる。この結果、中空層内の冷気が下降して、建物下層の床下換気口13から冷気流出したり、この流出により発生する建物上層の外皮開口部16からの熱気流入を防ぎ、建物内に非通気構造の冷気溜まりを形成することが可能となる。すなわち、図9に示すように、居住空間2を冷房機などにより冷却した場合、内装材からの伝熱により得られた中空層内の冷気が、下降して外部に漏れないように、床下換気口13を閉鎖することで、図中斜線部で示すような冷気溜まりを形成することが可能となり、この時、建物上層の外皮開口部16は、開放のままでも床下換気口13が閉鎖されているので、冷気の下降にひきづられて熱気を流入させることがなくなる。図9の場合は、斜線部分あるいは、基礎から外皮開口部16までの間が非通気構造となっている。非通気構造は、床下換気口が閉じられた場合、基礎から外皮開口部16間での間で形成することが出きる。
【0042】
なお図示しないが、外皮開口部16は、床下換気口13が閉鎖されたときに、建物上層の中空層3の暖気のみをより効率よく排出するために、外部風が通過しやすいように略対向する外壁の2面に夫々設けることも可能である。
【0043】
冷気溜まりは、冷房機を停止した後は、建物の遮熱性能によってある程度の時間は保冷されるが、次第に温度が上昇し、再度、冷気を補充させる必要がある。この時、外気温度が居住空間2の温度よりも低い場合は、図10に示すように、床下換気口13および外皮開口部16を開放し、建物内外の温度差による自然通気により、コンクリート基礎20を含む中空層3の内部を外気によって冷却し、冷熱を蓄えることが可能となる。 もちろん、外気による冷却量を多くしたい場合には、例えば外皮開口部16に電動ファンを併設して、一時的に電気動力を利用することも可能である。すなわち、床下換気口13が開放されている時間帯にあわせて、電動ファンを作動させることで、運転効率が高い利用も可能となる。
【0044】
これまで、制御手段30としては、換気装置の排気温度と外気温度とを検知する制御手段30aまたは制御手段30bによる方法を例に説明したが、本発明では他の制御手段30を採用することも可能である。つまり建物内が外気温度よりも低くなる場合に、少なくとも中空層3の内部の空気が降下し、床下換気口13から冷気が漏れ出るのを防ぐ事ができる制御であれば良い。例えば、制御手段30を図5Cに示す制御手段30cとして、図6Cに示す制御フローで床下換気口13を自動開閉させるというものである。つまり外気温度のみを検知し、検知した温度と温度設定手段36で設定した温度との差を用いて床下換気口13の開閉判定を行うようにして、制御に用いる計測を簡易化している。この場合の設定温度も、本発明に特徴的な中間期から夏季に導入する外気の好適な温度条件から、冷房設定温度よりも低い18〜30℃の範囲、より好ましくは20〜26℃の範囲で設定することができ好ましい。この設定温度を高くすることで、床下換気口13の閉鎖時間を短くすることも可能で、室内温度を把握するセンサーの代替が可能となる。
【0045】
またさらに別の制御手段の例としては、温度ではなく、図5Dに示すような、時間による制御手段30dを用いて、図6Dに示す制御フローによって床下換気口の開閉を判定するというものである。つまり床下換気口13から冷気が漏れ出るのを防ぐ考えから、このような現象が発生し易い昼間の間は、床下換気口13を閉鎖とし、外気温度が通常の冷房設定温度、例えば27℃〜28℃よりも低下する夜間は、床下換気口13を開放するというものである。このような制御手段30dによる場合の床下換気口13の閉鎖時間の目安は10時〜15時、冷気の漏れをより確実に防ぐ場合は6時から18時である。ただし中間期から夏季の間で日没などの時間が変化するので、時間は時間設定手段39で変更可能としている。
【0046】
このように床下換気口13を一時的に閉鎖することで、昼間に冷気が漏れ出るのを防ぎ、かつ夜間の低温外気を有効に利用することが可能となるが、本発明では、暖気が溜まりやすい小屋裏などの建物上層の中空層3の温度改善も可能となる。本発明による上方の中空層の温度改善は、床下換気口の自動開閉を利用したもので、図13に示すように、最上階の居住空間2の上方にある中空層3には、排気ファンを併設した外皮開口部16aと、併設していない外皮開口部16bと設けている。なお、いずれの外皮開口部も開放されて、外気と中空層3とを連通している。このうち外皮開口部16aは、排気ファンを運転していれば、中空層3の空気を外部に排出する開口となるが、外皮開口部16bは、床下換気口13の開閉により、外気の給気口または排気口としての機能に自動的に切り替えることが可能である。つまり、外皮開口部16aの排気ファンを運転した状態で、床下換気口13を閉鎖すると、中空層3の内部は建物外部に対し負圧となり、外皮開口部16bから外気を給気することが可能となる。一方、外皮開口部16aの排気ファンを運転したまま、床下換気口13を開放した場合は、中空層3の内部に十分な外気が導入されて、中空層3の内部は排気ファンによる負圧が小さくなる場合は、建物上層の中空層3は、建物の内外温度差による浮力がファンの負圧よりも大きくなり、建物外部に対し正圧となるため、外皮開口部16bは、外皮開口部16aと同様に排気口となる。これにより、外皮開口部16bが給気口となった時は、暖気が溜まりやすい小屋裏などの上部の中空層3に外気を直接導入することが可能となり、床下換気口13から中空層3を通過してくる間に温度が上昇してしまう空気を導入する場合よりも、中空層3の温度改善が容易になるとともに、下層の中空層3の冷気溜りの温度上昇を防ぐことも可能となる。さらに外皮開口部16bが排気口となった時は、温度差による浮力による排気量分が、ファンを併設した外皮開口部16aだけの場合よりも、床下からの外気導入量を増やすことが可能となり、より効率よく冷気を形成することが可能となる。なお外皮開口部16aに併設するファンは、温度を検知する装置を設け、運転に制御を加えることで、より必要な時間に絞った運転が可能となる。この場合の制御の設定温度は、最上階の居住空間2の空調設定温度以上とし、例えば30℃から32℃程度が好適である。またファンを併設した外皮開口部16は、例えば特開2000―356392や特開2001−296045に開示されているように、ファンに接続されるダクトまたはチャンバー内に設置した断熱気密性を有する開閉シャッターなどの態様でもよい。
【0047】
さらに、本発明では、換気装置の給気と排気とを熱交換する熱交換換気運転と、熱交換しない普通換気運転とに切替が可能な換気装置を採用することで、居住空間内からも効率よく冷気形成することが可能となる。以下、床下換気口の制御手段30として換気装置の排気温度と外気温度を検知する制御手段30aを用いた場合を例に説明する。
【0048】
この方法を採用する場合、前述の図5Aに示す制御手段30aによって、換気装置の熱交換換気運転と普通換気運転とを切り替える切替手段34を制御して、換気運転の切替を床下換気口13の開閉と同期させて行う。すなわち、床下換気口13が閉鎖の時には、中空層3および居住空間2は冷気溜りの状態にあるので、前記換気装置を熱交換運転とし、高い温度の空気が直接居住空間2に導入されて、居住空間2の冷気が温度上昇するのを抑える。また床下換気口13を開放としている場合は、中空層3および居住空間2の温度が外気温度よりも高い温度であるので、普通換気運転として、冷涼な外気を居住空間2に直接取り込むことが可能となる。
【0049】
また別の効率的な冷気溜りの形成方法として、本発明による通気住宅では、給気量を排気量よりも一時的に多くすることが可能な換気装置を採用することが可能で、冷気を形成すると同時に、建物上層から次第に溜まる暖気を排出することが可能となる。すなわち、図11に示すように、建物上層にある外皮開口部16を開放としたまま、例えば図5Aまたは図5Bに示す制御手段30aによって、床下換気口13の閉鎖と同期して、給排気方式の換気装置の給気量を排気量よりも僅かに多く供給して居住空間2の内部圧力を高める。その為、内装材26の隙間からは、居住空間2の空気が中空層3に押出され、その空気によって、冷気溜まりの上層の暖気が、外皮開口部16から外部に押出される。これにより、例えば最上階室の天井裏の高温化を防ぎ、冷気溜まりを形成した居住空間内における、天井からのふく射熱の悪影響を抑えることが可能となる。このような給気量を増す方法としては、例えば集中給排気方式の場合は、給気ファンの回転数をあげて給気量を増す、または排気ファンの回転数を落として相対的に給気量を増す、または居住空間2の給気グリル部の抵抗を小さくして給気量を増すなどの方法が例示できる。なお、換気の給気量を多くする居住空間2は、居住空間2の全体でもよいが、暖気が溜まりやすい建物上層の2階部分のみであってもよく、さらに1階で冷房運転の時間が長いような時などは1階部分の給気量を多くしても良い。
もちろん、これら床下換気口13および換気装置の制御手段30は、前述の外気温度による制御手段30a、制御手段30bであっても良い。
【0050】
これまでの説明では、給排気方式の換気装置を採用した例を説明したが、本発明による通気住宅では、排気方式の換気装置を用いても冷気溜りの形成が可能である。図4は集中排気方式を採用した場合を示している。例えば制御手段30として、外気温度と換気装置の排気温度とを検知して床下換気口13の開閉を判定する制御手段30aを採用する場合は、複数の居住空間2からの排気が集中する排気口11に設置した温度センサー31によって、居住空間2の平均的な温度を計測し、外気温度は、いずれかの給気口部分に設置した温度センサー32によって計測すればよい。なお、外気温度を計測する温度センサー32は、いずれの換気方式においても、給気口12部分に限定して設置されるものではなく、直射日光があたらない、建物外部のひさし付近などでも可能である。もちろん他の制御手段30を、この排気方式の換気装置とあわせて採用することも可能である。
【0051】
以上、本発明の通気住宅について、実施例をもとに説明したが、本実施の形態に何ら限定されるものではなく、図12に示す、桁部で断熱した通気住宅に適用も可能である。この場合、外皮開口部16は桁部の断熱材24を貫通して設け、通気は換気口17から外部に排出される。また図12に示すように、換気装置本体10を断熱材の外気側に設置することも可能であるが、排気口付近の排気温度が、外部の影響を受け易いので、排気口付近の排気ダクトは断熱保護するのが好ましい。
【0052】
さらに図示しないが、床下換気口13と同様に、外皮開口部16を自動開閉としても良い。例えば図3に示すように、換気装置本体10を1階と2階に各1台設置した場合などに好適である。つまり1階と2階の夫々の排気温度と外気温度の計測値によって、コンクリート基礎に形成した床下換気口13および壁部に形成した外皮開口部16の開閉を自動制御し、これによりコンクリート基礎の床下換気口13を閉鎖した状態で、2階室から上部の中空層3の内部のみを通気可能とすることが可能となる。この場合も、外気より低い室内空気温度を検知して自動開閉とする本発明の考え方に沿って、少なくとも冷気が形成されやすい1階付近の床下換気口13は、2階付近の外皮開口部16よりも優先して閉鎖とする。
【0053】
以上、本発明による通気住宅について説明したが、いずれも冬季は床下換気口13および外皮開口部16を閉鎖のままとし、換気装置10は、熱交換換気がある場合は熱交換換気運転として、中空層3を含む建物内の保温性を高める。
【0054】
次に、中間期から夏季特、には外気温度が高い夏季に有効な夏季の冷気溜りの形成方法について説明する。本発明による冷気溜りの形成方法は、上記のような通気住宅を用いた方法である。
【0055】
すなわち、コンクリート基礎20と、外装材23、25と内装材26との間に張り巡らした断熱材21、22、24とによって外気と区画され、その内部には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間2と、この居住空間2以外の部分からなる床下、小屋裏および内装壁内などの中空層3を有した住宅であって、この居住空間2は換気装置10によって外気と換気可能となっており、一方、中空層3は開閉可能な床下換気口13および最上階の居住空間2の上方に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部16によって外気と連通可能となっている。なお換気装置10は給排気方式または排気方式のいずれであっても良い。そして外皮開口部16を開放としたまま、自動開閉手段33と、自動開閉手段33を制御する制御手段30aと、換気装置10の排気温度と外気温度との差を検知して開閉を判定する制御手段30aとを用い、床下換気口13のみを自動開閉する。この床下換気口13の開閉は、中空層3を含む住宅内部に熱がこもった状態で、外皮開口部16から温度差による通気可能な温度条件である、外気温度<排気温度の時に自動で開放する。この時、床下換気口13よりも上方の中空層3に外気を通気させることが可能となるので、中空層3から住宅内部を冷却して、冷気を形成する。一方、中空層3を含む住宅内部から冷気が漏れる温度条件である、外気温度>排気温度の時には、床下換気口13を自動で閉鎖し、外皮開口部16を開放の状態とすることで、外皮開口部16よりも下方の中空層3に対し外気を非通気として、床下換気口13の開放によって形成した冷気を、高温の外気で乱さないように冷気溜りを形成する。つまり換気装置10の排気温度によって居住空間内の温度を把握し、外気との温度差をもとに、中空層3の内部に冷気を導入可能か、冷気溜りとして保冷すべきかを、制御手段30aで自動判定し、床下換気口13を開閉するとともに、床下換気口13を閉鎖して冷気溜りとした時も、冷気溜りの上方となる最上階の居住空間2の上方の暖気を、外皮開口部16から排出させる。
【0056】
この床下換気口13の開閉を制御する制御手段30は、この他、外気温度のみで判定する制御手段30cや時間によって開閉判定する制御手段30dであっても、冷気溜りの形成と上部の排熱が可能である。このような居住空間2の内部の温度把握を自動で行わない制御手段30とした場合は、制御手段30cの設定温度または制御手段30dの設定時間の設定を、その時々の室内温度および気象条件に応じて、空調機器の調整と同じように、人為的に設定を調節することで、居住空間2の内部の温度把握を自動で行った場合と同様の冷気溜りの形成が可能となる。
【0057】
さらに、別の冷気溜まりの形成方法は、自動で開閉可能な床下換気口13を有する通気住宅において、換気装置10の熱交換換気運転と普通換気運転とを切り替える切替手段34と、床下換気口13の開閉判定を行う制御手段30とを同期させて制御させる方法である。すなわち、床下換気口13が閉鎖の時には、室内は保冷状態にあるので、換気装置10を熱交換運転とし、居住空間2の冷気が、温度の高い外気によって置換換気されてしまうのを抑えて、保冷効果を高める。また床下換気口13を開放としている場合は、建物内部が外気温度よりも高い温度であるので、普通換気運転として、居住空間2に冷涼な外気を換気装置10によっても取り込み、冷気溜まりを形成するというものである。これにより、中空層3からだけでなく、居住空間2の内部の空気に直接影響がある換気によっても冷気溜りの形成が効率的に行える。
【0058】
また本発明によるさらに別の冷気溜まりの形成方法は、給気量を排気量よりも一時的に多くすることが可能な給排気方式の換気装置10を、床下換気口13の開閉を判定する制御手段30と調整手段35とによって制御する方法である。すなわち、建物上層にある外皮開口部16を開放としておいたまま、床下換気口13の閉鎖と同期して、給気量を排気量よりも僅かに多く供給し、冷気溜まり上層の暖気を押出し、外皮開口部16から外部に排出し、冷気溜まりの上層の温度上昇を抑えるというものである。
【0059】
以上、冷気形成に適した通気住宅および冷気形成方法について、本発明に特徴的な夏季の状態のみを、実施例にもとづき説明したが、冬季については、室内温度が外気温度よりも高いが、暖気の保持を目的とすることから、床下換気口13および外皮開口部16は閉鎖して使用する。
【0060】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、中空層内に通気が可能な時間を自動選択し、床下換気口を開閉するので、建物内外の温度差による中空層内空気の降下を防止し、無駄な冷気の流出、熱気の流入を防ぐことができ、中空層および居住空間に良好な冷気溜りを形成させることができる。また熱交換換気と普通換気とを切り替える換気装置、または給気を一時的に増加させることができる換気装置と、制御を同期化した床下換気口の開閉が可能となり、冷気溜りの形成をより効率よく行うことができる。またファンを使った外気導入方法を採用した場合も、床下換気口の自動開閉により、冷気溜りを乱すことなく、冷気溜り上層の暖気のみを効率よく排出することができ、夏季の様に外気温度が高い場合、特に人が快適と感じる温度より外気温度が高い場合の住環境がより改善された通気住宅が提供出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の第1の実施形態を示す通気住宅の断面図である。
【図2】同実施形態の通気住宅に、給排気方式の換気装置を設けた場合の換気の流れを模式的に示した説明図である。
【図3】同実施形態の通気住宅に、給排気方式の換気装置を2台設けた場合の換気の流れを模式的に示した説明図である。
【図4】同実施形態の通気住宅に、排気方式の換気装置を設けた場合の換気の流れを模式的に示した説明図である。
【図5】図5A:同実施形態の床下換気口の自動開閉制御の構成に係るブロック図である。
図5B:同実施形態の床下換気口の自動開閉制御の構成に係る別のブロック図である。
図5C:同実施形態の床下換気口の自動開閉制御の構成に係るまた別のブロック図である。
図5D:同実施形態の床下換気口の自動開閉制御の構成に係るさらに別のブロック図である。
【図6】図6A:同実施形態における制御手段の制御フロー図である。
図6B:同実施形態における制御手段の別の制御フロー図である。
図6C:同実施形態における制御手段のまた別の制御フロー図である。
図6D:同実施形態における制御手段のさらに別の制御フロー図である。
【図7】図7A:床下換気口の実施形態の正面図である。
図7B:床下換気口の実施形態の横断面図である。
【図8】図8A:床下換気口の別の実施形態による正面図である。
図8B:床下換気口の別の実施形態による横断面図である。
【図9】床下換気口を閉鎖して冷気を形成した状態を説明した通気住宅の断面図である。
【図10】床下換気口を開放して冷気形成を開始した状態を説明した通気住宅の断面図である。
【図11】給排気方式の換気装置の給気量を排気量よりも多くして熱気を押出す場合の実施例を示した通気住宅の断面図である。
【図12】桁部に断熱した場合の実施例を示す通気住宅の断面図である。
【図13】ファンを併設した外皮開口部を設けた実施例を示す通気住宅の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 通気住宅
2 居住空間
3 中空層
10 換気装置本体
11 排気口
12 給気口
13 床下換気口
14 室内給気口
15 室内排気口
16、16b 外皮開口部
16a ファンを併設した外皮開口部
17 ダクト
20 コンクリート基礎
21、22、24 断熱材
23、25 外装材
26 内装材
30 制御手段
31、32 温度センサー
33 自動開閉手段
34 切替手段
35 調整手段
41 開閉弁
42 気密材
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ventilated house suitable for forming a cold pool and a method for forming a cold pool.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is known that a house in which indoor heat retention is enhanced by adiabatic airtightness, particularly in the summer, especially at night, is in a state of heat accumulation, in which the indoor temperature continues to be higher than the outside air temperature. As a building that solves this problem, outside air is introduced from the underfloor ventilation vents, cooled once by the cold heat under the floor, and then transferred to the upper part of the building through the in-wall ventilation layer formed inside the heat-insulating wall, and the hut is cooled. Many so-called in-wall ventilation houses that discharge air from a back ventilation opening are known (for example, see Patent Document 1). In a so-called ventilated house, in which the inside and outside of the building is ventilated by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building, so-called ventilated houses, the indoor temperature as well as the outside air temperature, the use of air conditioners, the shading of the openings and the shade of neighboring buildings, etc. It changes every moment, and the amount of ventilation that can be obtained and the temperature of the outside air taken in also change with time.
[0003]
On the other hand, in these ventilated houses in the wall, the ventilation fan installed in the back of the hut increased the amount of outside air introduced from the underfloor ventilation and the amount of ventilation in the wall, and tried to promote the transfer of cold heat to the underfloor and the ventilation layer. Some are also known (see, for example, Patent Document 2). In addition, underfloor cold heat is generally due to underground heat through a solid foundation, but in order to further enhance the cooling effect, a cooling device or a material with a large heat storage capacity is placed under the floor, and the generated cold heat, There is also known an apparatus in which heat is exchanged with outside air introduced directly under the floor, and heat is supplied to the entire building by ventilation in a wall (for example, see Patent Document 1). As described above, with respect to the change in the ventilation rate in the ventilation house and the change in the outside air temperature to be ventilated, measures such as increasing the ventilation rate or lowering the ventilation temperature have been taken.
[0004]
In addition, the temperature sensor measures the temperature of the outside air, the back of the cabin, and the floor under the floor. There is also known a method of controlling and homogenizing the room temperature (for example, see Patent Documents 3 and 4).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-10-46694 (FIG. 1)
[0006]
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 06-4209 (FIG. 1)
[0007]
[Patent Document 3] Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 06-28534 (FIG. 3)
[0008]
[Patent Document 4] JP-A-2001-279837 (FIGS. 1 and 2)
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In a wall-ventilated house, a method is usually employed in which a low-temperature portion such as a concrete floor under the floor, which is cooled by the underground temperature, is used, and outside air is directly introduced under the floor to cool the floor. However, in an area where the outside air temperature is high, the underground temperature at which the underfloor concrete surface is installed becomes high, and there is a problem that the effect of cooling the outside air decreases. This is particularly noticeable when a large amount of outside air is introduced by a ventilation fan. In addition, there is a limit to the temperature at which outside air can be cooled by ground heat, and the heat capacity of air is smaller than that of solids. Therefore, the air temperature rises before the air cooled under the floor passes through the hollow layer in the wall and reaches the back of the hut at the top of the building, which has the effect of cooling the wall from the inside of the wall and replacing the hut with low-temperature air. It is always difficult to obtain, and the heat on the upper floor of the building has not improved significantly. In addition, when only the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building is used as the driving force for ventilation, if there is a time when the indoor temperature is lower than the outside air temperature by the air conditioner, the temperature of the hollow layer around the room also drops, and the air in the hollow layer is reduced. It may descend and draw in outside air from the attic ventilation. At this time, the high air near the back of the hut flows down to the lower floor of the low temperature, and the cool air under the floor is pushed out from the underfloor vent. Such a method of constantly introducing outside air under the floor dissipates cold under the floor, and has a problem that it is not effectively used for forming a comfortable indoor environment.
[0010]
Furthermore, even if it is a method of measuring the outside air or under the floor, the temperature of the back of the hut, and judging the control of the opening and closing of the outside air and the control of the blower based on the outside air temperature, if the outside air temperature is not effective for the indoor temperature, Since the outside air intake is completely closed, it is preferable, for example, in terms of keeping the whole building cool during air conditioning.However, it is possible to improve the temperature at the back of the cabin, where the temperature tends to increase even during air conditioning, by cooling the outside air. There is a problem that disappears. In addition, if an attempt is made to use the opening and closing of the outside air intake by the temperature sensor for the air drop in this hollow layer, a large number of temperature sensors must be installed in order to accurately grasp the temperature difference inside and outside the building. In the case of using a small number of temperature sensors, there arise problems such as difficulty in setting a place that accurately represents the temperature of the entire building. In particular, when only some rooms are air-conditioned, it is difficult to grasp the entire temperature in the building.
[0011]
Also, in a method in which the underfloor and the ventilation layer are used as indoor ventilation ducts, and the outside air is introduced into the underfloor and the ventilation layer by the ventilation device, since the air always flows under the floor, the under-floor cold heat is reduced early. When cooling some rooms, heat from the non-cooling room is forcibly introduced into the ventilation layer around the cooling room to weaken the cooling effect, and air is transported through the ventilation layer. Additional power is required, and problems such as complicated ventilation path design arise.
[0012]
Therefore, in the present invention, in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, it is possible to prevent the descent of air in a ventilated house, to form a cool air pool by effectively utilizing the cool air generated by the outside air and indoor cooling, and to further reduce the warm air in the upper layer of the building. Energy-saving that can efficiently discharge and improve the hot environment on the upper floor, easily improve efficiency, ventilated house with improved living environment when the outside temperature is high like in summer, and method of forming cool air pool I will provide a.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention, in order to achieve the above object, is a method for forming a ventilated house and a cold air reservoir having the following configuration.
[0014]
It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer consisting of a part other than the above, the living space can be ventilated with outside air by a ventilation device, and the hollow layer is openable and closable underfloor vents and openable and closable formed above the underfloor vents. An in-wall ventilation house capable of communicating with outside air through an outer skin opening, wherein the underfloor ventilation opening is automatically opened and closed by control means and automatic opening and closing means in a state in which the outer skin opening is opened, A ventilated house, wherein the hollow layer below the part is selectively non-ventilated to form a cool air reservoir (Claim 1).
[0015]
In the hollow layer portion formed above the living space on the top floor, the outer skin opening provided with an electric fan that exhausts air from the hollow layer to the outside, and the outer skin opening not provided with an electric fan, The ventilated house according to claim 1, wherein at least one or more is formed respectively (Claim 2).
[0016]
The ventilated house (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the control means for the underfloor vent detects a difference between an outside air temperature and an exhaust temperature of the ventilator to determine opening / closing. Claim 3).
[0017]
The ventilated house according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the control means for the underfloor ventilation opening detects opening / closing by detecting a difference between a set temperature and an outside air temperature. .
[0018]
The ventilated house according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the control means for the underfloor ventilation port determines opening / closing according to time.
[0019]
The ventilator has a switching unit for performing a heat exchange ventilation operation between supply and exhaust and a normal ventilation operation that does not perform heat exchange, and the switching unit performs switching control by the control unit of the underfloor ventilation port. The ventilated house according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
[0020]
The ventilation device is a ventilation device of an air supply / exhaust type, and has an adjusting unit capable of temporarily increasing an air supply amount than an exhaust amount, and the adjustment unit is controlled by the underfloor ventilation port control unit. The ventilated house according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the above features (Claim 7).
[0021]
It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer consisting of a part other than the above, the living space can be ventilated with outside air by a ventilator, and the hollow layer can be opened and closed under the underfloor ventilation opening and the top floor living space. An in-wall ventilated house that can communicate with the outside air by an outer skin opening, and can be automatically opened and closed by an automatic opening / closing unit and a control unit that determines opening and closing by detecting a difference between an exhaust temperature of the ventilation device and an outside air temperature. The underfloor ventilation port, which is automatically opened when the outside air temperature is lower than the exhaust temperature, allows the outside air to pass through the hollow layer above the underfloor ventilation port to cool, forming cool air, and the outside air temperature is lower than the exhaust temperature. Under the floor when high By automatically closing the air vents, the outside air is not ventilated to the hollow layer below the outer skin opening, forming a cool air pool and discharging heat above the living space on the top floor. A method for forming a cooled cold reservoir (claim 8).
[0022]
It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer consisting of a part other than the above, the living space can be ventilated with outside air by a ventilator, and the hollow layer can be opened and closed under the underfloor ventilation opening and the top floor living space. An under-floor house which is a wall-ventilated house which can communicate with the outside air through an outer skin opening, wherein the underfloor is automatically opened / closed by an automatic opening / closing means and a control means for detecting opening / closing by detecting a difference between a set temperature and the outside air temperature. By automatically opening the vent when the outside air temperature is lower than the cooling set temperature, the outside air is ventilated from the underfloor vent to the upper hollow layer to cool, forming cool air, and the outside air temperature is set to the cooling set temperature. Automatic when higher than By forming a closed space, the outside air is not ventilated to the hollow layer below the outer skin opening to form a cool air pool, and to discharge heat above the living space on the top floor. A method (claim 9).
[0023]
It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer consisting of a part other than the above, the living space can be ventilated with outside air by a ventilator, and the hollow layer can be opened and closed under the underfloor ventilation opening and the top floor living space. A wall-ventilated house that can communicate with the outside air by an outer skin opening, wherein the underfloor ventilation opening that can be automatically opened and closed by an automatic opening / closing means and a timer that determines an opening / closing time is automatically opened at night, The outside air is ventilated to the hollow layer above the underfloor ventilation port to cool and form cool air, and it is automatically closed during the day, so that the outside air is not ventilated to the hollow layer below the skin opening, and When a pool is formed Moni, cold reservoir method of formation in and performing upper exhaust heat of the top floor of the living space (Claim 10).
[0024]
The outer skin opening is provided with at least one electric fan provided with an electric fan for exhausting air from the hollow layer to the outside, and at least one electric motor not provided with the electric fan. In a state where the electric fan is operated, by automatically opening the underfloor ventilation port, the outside air is ventilated from the underfloor ventilation port to the upper hollow layer and cooled, forming cool air, and the underfloor ventilation port is automatically opened. By closing it, outside air is taken in from the outer skin opening where the electric fan is not installed, and exhaust air is exhausted from the outer skin opening where the electric fan is installed. The underfloor ventilation according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the airflow is not ventilated to form a cool air pocket below the outer skin opening, and to exhaust heat above the living space on the top floor. mouth Method of forming a cold reservoir using a control means (claim 11).
[0025]
The ventilator has a switching unit for performing a heat exchange ventilation operation between supply and exhaust and a normal ventilation operation that does not perform heat exchange, and the switching unit performs a normal ventilation operation when the underfloor vent is opened. Switching to a heat exchange ventilation operation when the underfloor ventilation opening is closed to form a cool air pool in the living space. A method for forming a cold reservoir according to any one of claims 8 to 11 (claim 12).
[0026]
The ventilator has adjusting means for temporarily increasing the amount of supplied air to be greater than the amount of exhaust air, and the adjusting means adjusts the amount of supplied air to be larger than the amount of exhaust air only when the underfloor ventilation opening is closed. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the inside of the living space is pressurized, and the hot air in the upper part of the living space is exhausted from a skin opening. .
[0027]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0028]
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing a section of a ventilated house according to the present invention. In addition, the state from the intermediate period to the summer period characteristic of the present invention is shown.
[0029]
FIG. 1 showing the first embodiment of the present invention is separated from the outside air by a concrete foundation 20, and heat insulating materials 21, 22, 24 stretched between exterior materials 23, 25 and interior materials 26. Inside, there is a living space 2 surrounded by an interior material 26 and a hollow layer 3 composed of a portion other than the living space, and the heat insulating materials 21, 22, 24, the concrete foundation 20, and the exterior material 23 are provided. It has an underfloor ventilation hole 13 and a skin opening 16 formed therethrough, and a ventilation device 10. Further, an outer ventilation layer is provided between the heat insulating materials 22 and 24 and the exterior materials 23 and 25, and an opening is formed at a lower end and an upper end (ridge), and in some cases, at an eaves portion or other places. It is provided so that the outside air can always be circulated.
[0030]
The installation location of the ventilator does not necessarily indicate the highest place in the top floor living space as shown in FIG.
[0031]
In addition, the above-mentioned heat insulating material is preferable in that an outside lining method in which it is positioned outside a structure such as a pillar, a beam, or a plywood can easily secure a hollow layer 3 described later. If the thickness of the heat insulating material is such that the layer 3 can be secured, a filled heat insulating method located inside the structure may be used. Although the heat insulating material 21 of the concrete foundation 20 can be omitted, it is preferable to provide the heat insulating material 21 on the outside air side or inside as shown in FIG. 1 in that the influence of heat from the outside is further reduced. is there.
[0032]
The airtight performance as a building of a ventilated house is such that a gap-equivalent area (C value) is 5 cm in a state where an under-floor vent 13 that can be opened and closed, a skin opening 16 and windows (not shown) are closed. 2 / M 2 Below, preferably 2cm 2 / M 2 Below, more preferably 1 cm 2 / M 2 As described below, the outer wall, the roof, and the gap around the opening are treated with an airtight material such as a polyethylene sheet, an adhesive tape, or plywood. Although the specification of the heat insulating material is not limited, for example, a foamed resin heat insulating material such as polystyrene, polyethylene and urethane, and a fiber heat insulating material such as glass wool and rock wool are used.
[0033]
In the ventilated house according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the hollow layer 3 and the outside air can be communicated with each other by the underfloor ventilation opening 13 which can be automatically opened and closed and the outer cover opening 16 which can be opened and closed. The hollow layer 3 can be ventilated or non-ventilated with the outside air. The outer skin opening 16 is preferably formed as far as possible in the height direction so as to easily cause temperature difference ventilation when the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is opened, and in FIG. It is formed in a hollow layer above the ceiling.
[0034]
The underfloor vent 13 and the outer skin opening 16 preferably have heat insulation and airtightness so that low-temperature winter air does not easily enter when closed, and the airtightness is equal to or higher than A-2 (JIS A4706-1996). It is preferable to satisfy performance equal to or higher than A-4 grade. It is preferable that the underfloor vent 13 is automatically opened and closed in order to effectively form a cold air pool by finely opening and closing according to the internal and external temperature conditions. Therefore, the underfloor vent 13 is in a mode suitable for automatic opening and closing. Is preferred. 7A and 7B, the underfloor vent 13 which can be automatically opened and closed can be closed in a state where the closing valve 41 and the airtight material 42 are in contact with each other. Can be opened and closed. When the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is automatically opened and closed, an automatic opening and closing means 33 for performing automatic opening and closing is provided. The automatic opening and closing means 33 includes, as shown in FIG. A configuration including a driving device such as a valve or a spring can be adopted, and an opening / closing control unit can be used by the control unit 30 described later. 8A and 8B, the automatic opening / closing means 33 is configured to include a driving device such as an electric motor so that the opening / closing valve 41 can be rotated and closed together with the shaft portion 43. The automatic opening / closing means 33 does not integrally incorporate a driving device such as an electric motor, but uses an electric motor separated from the automatic outer skin opening 13 to rotate a shaft of an opening / closing valve with a wire or the like. It is also possible to automatically open and close the underfloor vent 13. The automatic opening / closing means 33 may be a driving device using air pressure instead of electric power as in the present embodiment, and is not limited to the present embodiment as long as it can control automatic opening and closing.
In addition, a manual opening / closing door having insulation and airtightness is provided outside or inside the underfloor ventilation opening 13, the manual opening / closing door is closed in winter, and in other seasons, the manual opening / closing door is opened and the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is automatically opened and closed. In this case, the heat-insulating and airtight performance of the underfloor ventilation port 13 is not required.
[0035]
In addition, the outer skin opening 16 is normally opened from the middle period to the summer and closed in the winter, and is used as long as it has the above-mentioned airtightness. The control means 30 for automatically opening and closing the underfloor vent 13 can be used, or only the opening and closing function by remote control can be used.
[0036]
Further, in the ventilated house of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a ventilation device is installed so that the living space 2 can ventilate with outside air. FIG. 1 shows an example in which a centralized supply / exhaust ventilation system is installed. In this ventilator, an air supply / exhaust duct 17 connects the ventilator main body 10 and the living space 2 to each other, and an exhaust port 11 and an air supply port 12 are connected to the outside air side of the ventilator main body 10. In addition, the amount of air supplied from the outside air and the amount of exhaust air from the living space 2 are adjusted to be substantially the same, and the interior of the living space 2 can be ventilated by the planned ventilation path and ventilation volume. ing. The ventilator may be an individual system instead of a centralized system, and a centralized exhaust system, which will be described later, may be employed instead of a supply / exhaust system. Further, in the case of a house composed of a large number of living spaces 2, it is possible to grasp the average temperature of the living space 2, so that it is preferable to employ a centralized ventilation device. In the drawings of the present application, the air supply duct is omitted.
[0037]
FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the flow of ventilation in the ventilation house shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, exhaust gas is collected from a plurality of living spaces 2 by a duct 17 of the ventilation device at an exhaust port 11 of the ventilation device, and a temperature sensor 31 for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas is installed. A temperature sensor 32 is also provided at the air supply port 12 so that the outside air temperature can be measured.
[0038]
These temperature sensors are connected to control means 30 which detects the obtained temperature and determines whether the ventilation opening 13 under the floor is automatically opened or closed. For example, when the control means 30 is changed to the control means 30a shown in FIG. 5A, the obtained exhaust gas temperature and outside air temperature of the ventilation device can be temporarily stored. , A control signal output unit 103 and the like.
[0039]
The opening / closing control of the underfloor ventilation opening 13 will be described in more detail. The underfloor ventilation opening 13 is controlled by a preset temperature based on a temperature required in the room in addition to the exhaust air temperature and the outside air temperature of the ventilator. Preferably, the embodiment is shown. That is, open / close is determined according to the control flow shown in FIG. 6A. In the flow of FIG. 6A, when the exhaust gas temperature and the outside air temperature obtained by the temperature sensors 31 and 32 are input to the control unit 30a (# 1 in FIG. 6A), the determination unit 102 in the control unit 30a sets the set temperature. And the exhaust temperature is compared (# 2 in FIG. 6A). If the set temperature is higher than the exhaust temperature, the underfloor ventilation port 13 is closed (# 3 in FIG. 6A). When the outside air temperature> the exhaust temperature, the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is closed (Fig. 6A # 3), and when different, the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is open (Fig. 6A # 5), and so on. Open / close determination is performed in order to control open / close. The set temperature is preferably set in the range of 18 to 30C, more preferably in the range of 20 to 26C, from the suitable temperature condition of the outside air introduced from the intermediate period to the summer, which is a characteristic of the present invention.
[0040]
Further, instead of the method of performing the open / close determination using the set temperature as described above, the set temperature may be omitted and only the exhaust gas temperature and the outside air temperature may be used. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5B, an open / close instructing means 37 is provided in place of the temperature setting means 36, and basically, it is designated whether the underfloor vent 13 is opened or closed. The subsequent control flow is as shown in FIG. 6B, in accordance with the designation of closing or opening (# 0 in FIG. 6B). When closing is designated, the underfloor vent 13 is closed (# 3 in FIG. 6B), and opening is designated. If it is, the outside air temperature and the exhaust temperature are compared (# 4 in FIG. 6B). If the outside air temperature> the exhaust temperature, the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is closed (FIG. 6B # 3). The opening / closing determination is performed in order, such as opening the mouth 13 (# 5 in FIG. 6B), and the opening / closing is controlled. The opening / closing instructing means 37 may be instructed to be opened, for example, when the outside air temperature is in the range of 18 to 30 ° C, more preferably 20 to 26 ° C, which is the same as the above-mentioned set temperature.
[0041]
By controlling the opening and closing of the underfloor vent 13 in accordance with the exhaust air temperature and the outside air temperature of the ventilator, the underfloor vent 13 is closed, and the ventilation in the hollow layer due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside can be made non-ventilated. As a result, the cool air in the hollow layer descends to prevent the cool air from flowing out from the underfloor ventilation opening 13 in the lower layer of the building, and to prevent the inflow of hot air from the outer skin opening 16 in the upper layer of the building caused by the outflow, thereby preventing non-ventilation in the building. It becomes possible to form a cold reservoir of the structure. That is, as shown in FIG. 9, when the living space 2 is cooled by a cooling machine or the like, the underfloor ventilation is performed so that the cool air in the hollow layer obtained by the heat transfer from the interior material does not descend and leak to the outside. By closing the opening 13, it becomes possible to form a cold air pool as shown by the hatched portion in the figure. At this time, the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is closed even if the upper skin opening 16 of the building remains open. As a result, the flow of hot air caused by the falling of cold air does not occur. In the case of FIG. 9, a non-ventilated structure is formed between a hatched portion or a portion from the foundation to the outer skin opening 16. A non-vented structure may form between the foundation and the skin opening 16 when the underfloor vent is closed.
[0042]
Although not shown, the outer skin opening 16 is substantially opposed to the outer floor so that the outside wind easily passes when the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is closed, in order to more efficiently exhaust only the warm air in the hollow layer 3 above the building. It is also possible to provide them respectively on two surfaces of the outer wall.
[0043]
After the cooler is stopped, the cool air pool is kept cool for a certain period of time due to the heat shielding performance of the building, but the temperature gradually rises and it is necessary to replenish the cool air again. At this time, if the outside air temperature is lower than the temperature of the living space 2, as shown in FIG. 10, the underfloor ventilation opening 13 and the outer skin opening 16 are opened, and the natural foundation 20 is naturally ventilated by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building. The inside of the hollow layer 3 containing is cooled by the outside air, and cold heat can be stored. Of course, when it is desired to increase the amount of cooling by the outside air, it is also possible to temporarily use electric power by, for example, providing an electric fan in the outer skin opening 16. That is, by operating the electric fan in accordance with the time period when the underfloor ventilation port 13 is open, utilization with high operation efficiency is also possible.
[0044]
Heretofore, the control unit 30 has been described by way of example of the method using the control unit 30a or the control unit 30b for detecting the exhaust gas temperature and the outside air temperature of the ventilation device. However, the present invention may employ another control unit 30. It is possible. That is, when the temperature in the building becomes lower than the outside air temperature, it is sufficient if at least the air inside the hollow layer 3 falls and the cool air can be prevented from leaking from the underfloor ventilation opening 13. For example, the control means 30 is changed to the control means 30c shown in FIG. 5C to automatically open and close the underfloor ventilation port 13 according to the control flow shown in FIG. 6C. That is, only the outside air temperature is detected, and the open / close determination of the underfloor ventilation port 13 is determined using the difference between the detected temperature and the temperature set by the temperature setting means 36, thereby simplifying the measurement used for control. The set temperature in this case is also in the range of 18 to 30 ° C. lower than the cooling set temperature, more preferably in the range of 20 to 26 ° C., from the suitable temperature conditions of the outside air introduced from the middle period to the summer, which is characteristic of the present invention. Can be set. By increasing the set temperature, the closing time of the underfloor ventilation port 13 can be shortened, and a sensor for grasping the indoor temperature can be substituted.
[0045]
Still another example of the control means is to determine the opening / closing of the underfloor ventilation opening according to the control flow shown in FIG. 6D by using the time-based control means 30d as shown in FIG. 5D instead of the temperature. . In other words, from the viewpoint of preventing the cool air from leaking from the underfloor vent 13, the underfloor vent 13 is closed during the daytime when such a phenomenon is likely to occur, and the outside air temperature is set to a normal cooling set temperature, for example, 27 ° C. At night when the temperature falls below 28 ° C., the underfloor vent 13 is opened. The standard of the closing time of the underfloor ventilation port 13 in the case of such a control means 30d is from 10:00 to 15:00, and from 6:00 to 18:00 in order to more reliably prevent the leakage of the cool air. However, since the time such as sunset changes between the intermediate period and the summer, the time can be changed by the time setting means 39.
[0046]
By temporarily closing the underfloor ventilation port 13 in this way, it is possible to prevent cold air from leaking out during the daytime and to effectively use the low-temperature outside air at nighttime. It is also possible to improve the temperature of the hollow layer 3 in the upper layer of the building such as the back of a hut. The improvement of the temperature of the upper hollow layer according to the present invention utilizes the automatic opening and closing of the underfloor ventilation opening. As shown in FIG. 13, an exhaust fan is provided in the hollow layer 3 above the living space 2 on the top floor. A skin opening 16a is provided side by side and a skin opening 16b is not provided side by side. In addition, any outer skin openings are opened, and the outside air and the hollow layer 3 are communicated. Of these, the outer skin opening 16a serves as an opening for discharging the air in the hollow layer 3 to the outside when the exhaust fan is operated. The outer skin opening 16b opens and closes the underfloor ventilation opening 13 to supply the outside air. It is possible to automatically switch to functioning as a mouth or exhaust. In other words, when the underfloor ventilation port 13 is closed while the exhaust fan of the outer skin opening 16a is operated, the inside of the hollow layer 3 has a negative pressure with respect to the outside of the building, and the outside air can be supplied from the outer skin opening 16b. It becomes. On the other hand, when the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is opened while the exhaust fan of the outer skin opening 16a is operated, sufficient outside air is introduced into the hollow layer 3 and the inside of the hollow layer 3 is reduced in negative pressure by the exhaust fan. When it becomes smaller, the buoyancy caused by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building becomes larger than the negative pressure of the fan and becomes positive pressure with respect to the outside of the building, so that the outer skin opening 16b becomes the outer skin opening 16a. Exhaust port as well. Thus, when the outer skin opening 16b serves as an air supply port, it becomes possible to directly introduce the outside air into the upper hollow layer 3 such as the back of a hut where warm air easily accumulates. It is easier to improve the temperature of the hollow layer 3 than when introducing air whose temperature rises while passing through, and it is also possible to prevent a rise in the temperature of the cold air pool of the lower hollow layer 3. . Further, when the outer skin opening 16b is an exhaust port, the amount of exhaust air due to the buoyancy due to the temperature difference can be larger than that of only the outer skin opening 16a provided with a fan. Thus, it is possible to form cold air more efficiently. In addition, the fan provided in the outer skin opening 16a is provided with a device for detecting the temperature, and by adding control to the operation, the operation can be reduced to a more necessary time. In this case, the set temperature for the control is equal to or higher than the air-conditioning set temperature of the living space 2 on the top floor, and is preferably, for example, about 30 ° C. to 32 ° C. Further, as disclosed in, for example, JP-A-2000-356392 and JP-A-2001-296045, the outer shell opening 16 provided with a fan has an adiabatic airtight opening / closing shutter installed in a duct or a chamber connected to the fan. And the like.
[0047]
Further, in the present invention, by adopting a ventilation device that can be switched between a heat exchange ventilation operation in which heat exchange is performed between air supply and exhaust of a ventilation device and a normal ventilation operation in which heat exchange is not performed, efficiency can be improved even in a living space. It is possible to form cold air well. Hereinafter, a case will be described as an example where the control means 30a for detecting the exhaust gas temperature and the outside air temperature of the ventilator is used as the control means 30 for the underfloor ventilation port.
[0048]
When this method is adopted, the control means 30a shown in FIG. 5A described above controls the switching means 34 for switching between the heat exchange ventilation operation and the normal ventilation operation of the ventilator, and switches the ventilation operation to the underfloor ventilation port 13. Perform in synchronization with opening and closing. That is, when the underfloor ventilation port 13 is closed, the hollow layer 3 and the living space 2 are in a state of cold air accumulation, so that the ventilation device is set to a heat exchange operation, and high-temperature air is directly introduced into the living space 2, Suppress the temperature rise of the cold air in the living space 2. When the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is open, the temperature of the hollow layer 3 and the living space 2 is higher than the outside air temperature, so that the cool outside air can be taken directly into the living space 2 as a normal ventilation operation. It becomes.
[0049]
Further, as another efficient method of forming a cool air pool, the ventilation house according to the present invention can employ a ventilation device capable of temporarily increasing the amount of air supply to the amount of exhaust air, thereby forming a cool air. At the same time, it is possible to discharge the gradually accumulating warm air from the upper layer of the building. That is, as shown in FIG. 11, while the outer skin opening 16 in the upper layer of the building is left open, the control means 30 a shown in FIG. 5A or 5B synchronizes with the closing of the underfloor ventilation port 13 to supply and exhaust air. The supply pressure of the ventilation device is slightly larger than the displacement, thereby increasing the internal pressure of the living space 2. Therefore, the air in the living space 2 is extruded from the gap of the interior material 26 into the hollow layer 3, and the air in the upper layer of the cold air pool is extruded from the outer skin opening 16 to the outside. Accordingly, for example, it is possible to prevent the ceiling of the top floor room from being heated to a high temperature, and to suppress the adverse effect of the heat radiated from the ceiling in the living space where the cool air pool is formed. As a method of increasing the air supply amount, for example, in the case of the centralized air supply / exhaust system, the air supply amount is increased by increasing the rotation speed of the air supply fan, or the air supply amount is relatively decreased by decreasing the rotation speed of the exhaust fan. For example, a method of increasing the amount or increasing the amount of air supply by reducing the resistance of the air supply grill portion of the living space 2 can be exemplified. In addition, the living space 2 that increases the ventilation air supply amount may be the entire living space 2, or may be only the second floor portion of the upper layer of the building where the warm air easily accumulates. When it is long, the air supply amount of the first floor may be increased.
Of course, the underfloor ventilation port 13 and the control means 30 of the ventilation device may be the above-described control means 30a and control means 30b based on the outside air temperature.
[0050]
In the above description, an example in which a ventilation system of a supply / exhaust system is adopted has been described. However, in a ventilated house according to the present invention, a cool air chamber can be formed even by using a ventilation system of an exhaust system. FIG. 4 shows a case where a centralized exhaust system is employed. For example, when the control unit 30a that detects the outside air temperature and the exhaust gas temperature of the ventilator to determine the opening and closing of the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is adopted as the control unit 30, the exhaust port where the exhaust gas from the plurality of living spaces 2 is concentrated. The average temperature of the living space 2 may be measured by the temperature sensor 31 installed in the room 11, and the outside air temperature may be measured by the temperature sensor 32 installed in any of the air supply ports. The temperature sensor 32 that measures the outside air temperature is not limited to the air supply port 12 in any ventilation system, and can be installed near eaves outside the building without direct sunlight. is there. Of course, other control means 30 can also be employed in conjunction with this exhaust type ventilation device.
[0051]
As described above, the ventilation house of the present invention has been described based on the examples. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment, and the invention can be applied to the ventilation house insulated by the girder shown in FIG. . In this case, the outer skin opening 16 is provided so as to penetrate the heat insulating material 24 of the girder portion, and the ventilation is discharged to the outside from the ventilation opening 17. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the ventilator body 10 can be installed on the outside air side of the heat insulating material. However, since the exhaust temperature near the exhaust port is easily affected by the outside, the exhaust duct near the exhaust port is easily affected. Is preferably protected by heat insulation.
[0052]
Although not shown, the skin opening 16 may be automatically opened and closed similarly to the underfloor ventilation opening 13. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, this is suitable for a case where one ventilation device main body 10 is installed on each of the first and second floors. In other words, the opening and closing of the underfloor ventilation opening 13 formed in the concrete foundation and the outer skin opening 16 formed in the wall are automatically controlled by the measured values of the exhaust temperature and the outside air temperature of the first floor and the second floor, respectively. With the underfloor ventilation opening 13 closed, only the inside of the upper hollow layer 3 can be ventilated from the second floor room. Also in this case, in accordance with the idea of the present invention in which the indoor air temperature lower than the outside air is detected and the automatic opening and closing is performed, at least the underfloor ventilation opening 13 near the first floor where cold air is easily formed is provided with the outer skin opening 16 near the second floor. And prioritize closing.
[0053]
As described above, the ventilation house according to the present invention has been described. In any case, the underfloor ventilation opening 13 and the outer skin opening 16 are kept closed in winter, and the ventilation device 10 is operated as a heat exchange ventilation operation when there is heat exchange ventilation. Improve the heat retention in the building including the layer 3.
[0054]
Next, a method of forming a cold air pool in summer effective from summer to summer, particularly in summer when the outside air temperature is high, will be described. The method for forming the cold air pool according to the present invention is a method using the above-described ventilated house.
[0055]
That is, the outside air is defined by the concrete foundation 20 and the heat insulating materials 21, 22, 24 stretched between the exterior materials 23, 25 and the interior material 26, and a living space surrounded by the interior material is provided therein. 2 and a house having a hollow layer 3 such as under the floor, behind a shed, and inside an interior wall, which is a part other than the living space 2, and the living space 2 can be ventilated with outside air by a ventilation device 10. On the other hand, the hollow layer 3 can be communicated with the outside air by an openable and closable underfloor vent 13 and an openable and closable skin opening 16 formed above the living space 2 on the top floor. The ventilation device 10 may be either a supply / exhaust type or an exhaust type. Then, the automatic opening / closing means 33, the control means 30a for controlling the automatic opening / closing means 33, and the control for detecting the difference between the exhaust temperature of the ventilator 10 and the outside air temperature to determine the opening / closing while keeping the outer skin opening 16 open. Using the means 30a, only the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is automatically opened and closed. The opening and closing of the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is automatically performed when the outside air temperature is lower than the exhaust temperature, which is a temperature condition that allows ventilation from the outer skin opening 16 due to a temperature difference in a state where heat is stored inside the house including the hollow layer 3. I do. At this time, since it becomes possible to ventilate outside air to the hollow layer 3 above the underfloor ventilation port 13, the inside of the house is cooled from the hollow layer 3 to form cool air. On the other hand, when the outside air temperature> exhaust temperature, which is a temperature condition in which cool air leaks from the inside of the house including the hollow layer 3, the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is automatically closed, and the outer skin opening 16 is opened to open the outer skin. The outside air is not ventilated to the hollow layer 3 below the opening 16, and a cool air reservoir is formed so that the cool air formed by opening the underfloor vent 13 is not disturbed by the high-temperature outside air. That is, the temperature in the living space is grasped from the exhaust temperature of the ventilator 10, and based on the temperature difference from the outside air, it is determined whether the cool air can be introduced into the hollow layer 3 or whether it should be kept cool as a cool air pool. When the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is opened and closed, and the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is closed to form a cool air pool, the warm air above the living space 2 on the top floor above the cold air chamber is opened at the outer skin opening. Drain from 16.
[0056]
The control means 30 for controlling the opening and closing of the underfloor vent 13 may also be a control means 30c for judging only the outside air temperature or a control means 30d for judging opening and closing based on time. Is possible. When the control unit 30 does not automatically grasp the temperature inside the living space 2, the setting of the set temperature of the control unit 30 c or the set time of the control unit 30 d is performed according to the room temperature and weather conditions at each time. Accordingly, similarly to the adjustment of the air conditioner, by adjusting the setting artificially, it becomes possible to form the same cold air pool as when the temperature inside the living space 2 is automatically grasped.
[0057]
Further, another method of forming the cold air pool is as follows: in a ventilated house having an underfloor ventilation opening 13 that can be automatically opened and closed, a switching unit 34 for switching between the heat exchange ventilation operation and the normal ventilation operation of the ventilation device 10; This is a method of controlling the control means 30 in synchronization with the control means 30 for performing the opening / closing determination. That is, when the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is closed, the room is in a cool state, so that the ventilation device 10 is set to the heat exchange operation, and the cooling air in the living space 2 is suppressed from being replaced and ventilated by the high-temperature outside air, Improve the cooling effect. When the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is open, the inside of the building is at a higher temperature than the outside air temperature, so that as a normal ventilation operation, cool outside air is also taken into the living space 2 by the ventilator 10 to form a pool of cool air. That is. Accordingly, the formation of the cold air pool can be efficiently performed not only from the hollow layer 3 but also by ventilation that directly affects the air inside the living space 2.
[0058]
Further, still another method of forming a cold air pool according to the present invention is to control the ventilation device 10 of the air supply / exhaust type capable of temporarily increasing the air supply amount to the exhaust amount by controlling the opening / closing of the underfloor ventilation opening 13. This is a method of controlling by means 30 and adjusting means 35. That is, while keeping the outer skin opening 16 in the upper layer of the building open, in synchronism with the closing of the underfloor ventilation port 13, the air supply amount is supplied slightly more than the exhaust air amount, and the warm air in the cold air reservoir upper layer is extruded, It is discharged to the outside through the outer skin opening 16 to suppress the temperature rise in the upper layer of the cold air pool.
[0059]
As described above, the ventilation house and the cool air forming method suitable for forming the cool air have been described based on the embodiment only in the summer state characteristic of the present invention.In the winter, the room temperature is higher than the outside air temperature, but the warm air Therefore, the underfloor ventilation port 13 and the outer skin opening 16 are used closed.
[0060]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the time during which ventilation is possible in the hollow layer is automatically selected, and the underfloor ventilation opening is opened and closed, so that the air in the hollow layer is prevented from falling due to a temperature difference inside and outside the building, Unnecessary outflow of cool air and inflow of hot air can be prevented, and a good cool air pool can be formed in the hollow layer and the living space. In addition, a ventilator that switches between heat exchange ventilation and normal ventilation, or a ventilator that can temporarily increase the supply air, and the opening and closing of the underfloor vent that synchronizes the control are possible, making the formation of cold air pool more efficient Can do well. In addition, even if the outside air introduction method using a fan is adopted, the automatic opening and closing of the underfloor ventilation openings allows efficient discharge of only the warm air in the upper layer of the cold air pool without disturbing the cold air pool. When the temperature is high, the ventilation environment can be further improved particularly when the outside air temperature is higher than the temperature at which a person feels comfortable.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a ventilated house showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a flow of ventilation when a ventilation device of a supply / exhaust type is provided in the ventilation house of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the flow of ventilation when two ventilation units of a supply / exhaust type are provided in the ventilation house of the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a flow of ventilation when an exhaust type ventilation device is provided in the ventilation house of the embodiment.
FIG. 5A is a block diagram relating to a configuration of automatic opening / closing control of an underfloor ventilation opening of the embodiment.
FIG. 5B is another block diagram related to the configuration of automatic opening / closing control of the underfloor ventilation port of the embodiment.
FIG. 5C is another block diagram related to the configuration of automatic opening / closing control of the underfloor ventilation port of the embodiment.
FIG. 5D is still another block diagram related to the configuration of automatic opening / closing control of the underfloor ventilation port of the embodiment.
FIG. 6A is a control flow chart of a control means in the embodiment.
FIG. 6B is another control flow chart of the control means in the embodiment.
FIG. 6C is another control flowchart of the control means in the embodiment.
FIG. 6D is still another control flow chart of the control means in the embodiment.
FIG. 7A is a front view of an embodiment of an underfloor vent.
FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an underfloor vent.
FIG. 8A is a front view according to another embodiment of an underfloor vent.
FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view according to another embodiment of an underfloor vent.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a ventilated house illustrating a state in which cool air is formed by closing an underfloor ventilation opening.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a ventilated house illustrating a state in which the underfloor ventilation opening is opened to start the formation of cool air.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a ventilated house showing an embodiment in which hot air is extruded with an air supply amount of a ventilation device of a supply / exhaust type larger than an exhaust amount.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a ventilated house showing an embodiment in which a girder portion is insulated.
FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a ventilated house showing an embodiment in which a skin opening provided with a fan is provided.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ventilation house
2 Living space
3 hollow layer
10 Ventilation body
11 Exhaust port
12 air supply port
13 Underfloor ventilation openings
14 Indoor air supply port
15 Indoor exhaust
16, 16b skin opening
16a Outer skin opening with fan
17 Duct
20 Concrete foundation
21,22,24 Insulation material
23, 25 Exterior materials
26 Interior materials
30 control means
31, 32 Temperature sensor
33 Automatic opening and closing means
34 Switching means
35 Adjusting means
41 On-off valve
42 airtight material

Claims (13)

コンクリート基礎と、外装材と内装材との間に張り巡らした断熱材とによって外気と区画された内部空間を有し、その内部空間には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層とを有し、前記居住空間は換気装置によって外気と換気可能であり、前記中空層は開閉可能な床下換気口および該床下換気口よりも上部に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部とによって外気と連通可能である壁内通気住宅であって、前記外皮開口部を開放した状態で、前記床下換気口を制御手段と自動開閉手段とにより自動で開閉し、前記外皮開口部より下方の中空層を選択的に非通気構造として冷気溜りを形成することを特徴とする通気住宅。It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer consisting of a part other than the above, the living space can be ventilated with outside air by a ventilation device, and the hollow layer is openable and closable underfloor vents and openable and closable formed above the underfloor vents. An in-wall ventilation house capable of communicating with outside air through an outer skin opening, wherein the underfloor ventilation opening is automatically opened and closed by control means and automatic opening and closing means in a state in which the outer skin opening is opened, A ventilated house characterized in that a hollow layer below a part is selectively non-vented to form a cool air pocket. 最上階の居住空間の上方に形成された前記中空層部分に、該中空層から屋外への排気を行う電動ファンを併設した前記外皮開口部と、電動ファンを併設しない前記外皮開口部とを、各々少なくとも1つ以上形成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の通気住宅。In the hollow layer portion formed above the living space on the top floor, the outer skin opening provided with an electric fan that exhausts air from the hollow layer to the outside, and the outer skin opening not provided with an electric fan, 2. The ventilated house according to claim 1, wherein at least one or more members are formed. 前記床下換気口の制御手段は、外気温度と該換気装置の排気温度との差を検知して開閉を判定することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項2のいずれかに記載の通気住宅。The ventilated house according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the control means for the underfloor vent detects opening / closing by detecting a difference between an outside air temperature and an exhaust temperature of the ventilator. 前記床下換気口の制御手段は、設定温度と外気温度との差を検知して開閉を判定することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項2のいずれかに記載の通気住宅。The ventilated house according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the control means for the underfloor ventilation opening detects opening / closing by detecting a difference between a set temperature and an outside air temperature. 前記床下換気口の制御手段は、時間による開閉を判定することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項2のいずれかに記載の通気住宅。The ventilation house according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the control means for the underfloor ventilation opening determines opening / closing according to time. 前記換気装置は、給気と排気との熱交換換気運転と、熱交換を行わない普通換気運転との切替手段を有し、該切替手段は前記床下換気口の制御手段によって切替制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の通気住宅。The ventilator has a switching unit for performing a heat exchange ventilation operation between supply and exhaust and a normal ventilation operation that does not perform heat exchange, and the switching unit performs switching control by the control unit of the underfloor ventilation port. The ventilation house according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: 前記換気装置は、給排気方式の換気装置であって、給気量を排気量よりも一時的に多くできる調整手段を有し、該調整手段は前記床下換気口の制御手段によって制御することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の通気住宅。The ventilation device is a ventilation device of an air supply / exhaust type, and has an adjusting unit capable of temporarily increasing an air supply amount than an exhaust amount, and the adjustment unit is controlled by the underfloor ventilation port control unit. A ventilated house according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: コンクリート基礎と、外装材と内装材との間に張り巡らした断熱材とによって外気と区画された内部空間を有し、その内部空間には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層とを有し、前記居住空間は換気装置によって外気と換気可能であり、前記中空層は開閉可能な床下換気口および最上階の居住空間の上方に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部によって外気と連通可能である壁内通気住宅であって、自動開閉手段と前記換気装置の排気温度と外気温度との差を検知して開閉を判定する制御手段とによって自動開閉可能とした前記床下換気口を、外気温度が排気温度より低い時には自動で開放して、床下換気口よりも上方の中空層に外気を通気させて冷却し、冷気を形成し、外気温度が排気温度より高い時には床下換気口を自動で閉鎖することで、外皮開口部よりも下方の中空層に対し外気を非通気として、冷気溜りを形成するとともに、最上階の居住空間の上方の排熱を行うことを特徴とした冷気溜りの形成方法。It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer consisting of a part other than the above, the living space can be ventilated with outside air by a ventilator, and the hollow layer can be opened and closed under the underfloor ventilation opening and the top floor living space. An in-wall ventilated house that can communicate with the outside air by an outer skin opening, and can be automatically opened and closed by an automatic opening / closing unit and a control unit that determines opening and closing by detecting a difference between an exhaust temperature of the ventilation device and an outside air temperature. The underfloor ventilation port, which is automatically opened when the outside air temperature is lower than the exhaust temperature, allows the outside air to pass through the hollow layer above the underfloor ventilation port to cool, forming cool air, and the outside air temperature is lower than the exhaust temperature. Under the floor when high By automatically closing the air vents, the outside air is not ventilated to the hollow layer below the outer skin opening, forming a cool air pool and discharging heat above the living space on the top floor. Method of forming a cold pool. コンクリート基礎と、外装材と内装材との間に張り巡らした断熱材とによって外気と区画された内部空間を有し、その内部空間には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層とを有し、前記居住空間は換気装置によって外気と換気可能であり、前記中空層は開閉可能な床下換気口および最上階の居住空間の上方に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部によって外気と連通可能である壁内通気住宅であって、自動開閉手段と、設定温度と外気温度との差を検知して開閉を判定する制御手段とによって自動開閉可能とした前記床下換気口を、外気温度が冷房設定温度以下である時は自動で開放することで、床下換気口から上方の中空層に外気を通気させて冷却し、冷気を形成し、外気温度が冷房設定温度よりも高い時は自動で閉鎖することで、外皮開口部よりも下方の中空層に対し外気を非通気として、冷気溜りを形成するとともに、最上階の居住空間の上方の排熱を行うことを特徴とした冷気溜りの形成方法。It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer consisting of a part other than the above, the living space can be ventilated with outside air by a ventilator, and the hollow layer can be opened and closed under the underfloor ventilation opening and the top floor living space. An under-floor house which is a wall-ventilated house which can communicate with the outside air through an outer skin opening, wherein the underfloor is automatically opened / closed by an automatic opening / closing means and a control means for detecting opening / closing by detecting a difference between a set temperature and the outside air temperature. By automatically opening the vent when the outside air temperature is lower than the cooling set temperature, the outside air is ventilated from the underfloor vent to the upper hollow layer to cool, forming cool air, and the outside air temperature is set to the cooling set temperature. Automatic when higher than By forming a closed space, the outside air is not ventilated to the hollow layer below the outer skin opening to form a cool air pool, and to discharge heat above the living space on the top floor. Method. コンクリート基礎と、外装材と内装材との間に張り巡らした断熱材とによって外気と区画された内部空間を有し、その内部空間には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層とを有し、前記居住空間は換気装置によって外気と換気可能であり、前記中空層は開閉可能な床下換気口および最上階の居住空間の上方に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部によって外気と連通可能である壁内通気住宅であって、自動開閉手段と開閉時間を判定するタイマーとによって自動開閉可能とした前記床下換気口を、夜間に自動で開放することで、床下換気口よりも上方の中空層に外気を通気させて冷却し、冷気を形成し、昼間に自動で閉鎖することで、外皮開口部よりも下方の中空層に対し外気を非通気とし、冷気溜りを形成するとともに、最上階の居住空間の上方の排熱を行うことを特徴とした冷気溜りの形成方法。It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer consisting of a part other than the above, the living space can be ventilated with outside air by a ventilator, and the hollow layer can be opened and closed under the underfloor ventilation opening and the top floor living space. A wall-ventilated house that can communicate with the outside air by an outer skin opening, wherein the underfloor ventilation opening that can be automatically opened and closed by an automatic opening / closing means and a timer that determines an opening / closing time is automatically opened at night, The outside air is ventilated to the hollow layer above the underfloor ventilation port to cool and form cool air, and it is automatically closed during the day, so that the outside air is not ventilated to the hollow layer below the skin opening, and When a pool is formed Moni, the method of forming the cold reservoir which was characterized in that the upper exhaust heat of the top floor of the living space. 前記外皮開口部は、中空層から屋外への排気を行う電動ファンを併設したものと、電動ファンを併設しないものとが、少なくとも各1ヶ以上設けられていおり、外皮開口部を開放し、かつ前記電動ファンを運転した状態で、前記床下換気口を自動で開放することで、床下換気口から上方の中空層に外気を通気させて冷却し、冷気を形成し、前記床下換気口を自動で閉鎖することで、電動ファンを併設していない外皮開口部から外気を取り入れるとともに、電動ファンを併設している外皮開口部から排気とすることで、外皮開口部よりも下方の中空層に対し外気を非通気として、外皮開口部より下方の冷気溜りを形成するとともに、最上階の居住空間の上方の排熱を行うことを特徴とする請求項8から請求項10のいずれかに記載の床下換気口の制御手段を使用した冷気溜りの形成方法。The outer skin opening is provided with at least one electric fan provided with an electric fan for exhausting air from the hollow layer to the outside, and at least one electric motor not provided with the electric fan. In a state where the electric fan is operated, by automatically opening the underfloor ventilation port, the outside air is ventilated from the underfloor ventilation port to the upper hollow layer and cooled, forming cool air, and the underfloor ventilation port is automatically opened. By closing it, outside air is taken in from the outer skin opening where the electric fan is not installed, and exhaust air is exhausted from the outer skin opening where the electric fan is installed. The underfloor ventilation according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the airflow is not ventilated to form a cool air pocket below the outer skin opening, and to exhaust heat above the living space on the top floor. mouth Method of forming a cold reservoir using control means. 前記換気装置は、給気と排気との熱交換換気運転と、熱交換を行わない普通換気運転との切替手段を有し、該切替手段は、前記床下換気口を開放とした時に普通換気運転に切り替えて、前記居住空間内に外気による冷気を形成し、前記床下換気口を閉鎖とした時に熱交換換気運転に切り替えて、前記居住空間内に冷気溜りを形成することを特徴とした請求項8から請求項11のいずれかに記載の冷気溜りの形成方法。The ventilator has a switching unit for performing a heat exchange ventilation operation between supply and exhaust and a normal ventilation operation that does not perform heat exchange, and the switching unit performs a normal ventilation operation when the underfloor vent is opened. Switching to a heat exchange ventilation operation when the underfloor ventilation opening is closed to form a cool air pool in the living space. The method for forming a cold reservoir according to any one of claims 8 to 11. 前記換気装置は、給気量を排気量よりも一時的に多くする調節手段を有し、該調整手段は、床下換気口を閉鎖した時のみ給気量を排気風量よりも多くなるよう調整し、前記居住空間内を加圧し、前記居住空間上部の熱気を外皮開口部から排気することを特徴とした請求項8から請求項11のいずれかに記載の冷気溜りの形成方法。The ventilator has adjusting means for temporarily increasing the amount of supplied air to be greater than the amount of exhaust air, and the adjusting means adjusts the amount of supplied air to be larger than the amount of exhaust air only when the underfloor ventilation opening is closed. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the inside of the living space is pressurized, and the hot air in the upper part of the living space is exhausted from an outer skin opening.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008184792A (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-08-14 Daiwa House Ind Co Ltd Underfloor ventilation structure of foundation heat insulation house
JP2011516759A (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-05-26 エディフィシオス ソステニブルス ジェテック,エス.エル. New sustainable architectural model
JP2013124834A (en) * 2011-12-15 2013-06-24 Toyota Home Kk Living environmental control system
JP2016133275A (en) * 2015-01-21 2016-07-25 積水化学工業株式会社 Ventilation air-conditioning system and building
JP2017211104A (en) * 2016-05-23 2017-11-30 株式会社カネカソーラーサーキットのお家 Controller and ventilation method of structure including the same

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008184792A (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-08-14 Daiwa House Ind Co Ltd Underfloor ventilation structure of foundation heat insulation house
JP2011516759A (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-05-26 エディフィシオス ソステニブルス ジェテック,エス.エル. New sustainable architectural model
JP2013124834A (en) * 2011-12-15 2013-06-24 Toyota Home Kk Living environmental control system
JP2016133275A (en) * 2015-01-21 2016-07-25 積水化学工業株式会社 Ventilation air-conditioning system and building
JP2017211104A (en) * 2016-05-23 2017-11-30 株式会社カネカソーラーサーキットのお家 Controller and ventilation method of structure including the same

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