JP2004254514A - Method for culturing atrina pectinata - Google Patents
Method for culturing atrina pectinata Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004254514A JP2004254514A JP2003045763A JP2003045763A JP2004254514A JP 2004254514 A JP2004254514 A JP 2004254514A JP 2003045763 A JP2003045763 A JP 2003045763A JP 2003045763 A JP2003045763 A JP 2003045763A JP 2004254514 A JP2004254514 A JP 2004254514A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はタイラギの養殖方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
タイラギは東京湾、伊勢湾、瀬戸内海、有明海の干潟から水深２０ｍ位までの浅海の砂泥底に突き刺さったような状態で生息する羽箒形の二枚貝（ハボウキガイ科）であり、海水中のプランクトンを食べて生育する。タイラギの貝柱はすしネタ、刺身やフランス料理のオードブル等の高級食材として重宝されており、特に有明海では重要な漁業対象種となっている。また漁獲生産額も二枚貝ではアサリに次いで大きい。
【０００３】
近年特に有明海においては、海底土壌の土質の悪化とともにタイラギの漁獲量は周期的な増減を繰り返しながらも長期的には減少傾向にあり、ここ２０年の漁獲量はピーク時の１／５に過ぎない。更に最近はタイラギの大量死が起き、佐賀、長崎、福岡、熊本県では休業を余儀なくされている。
【０００４】
従来でも貝を養殖することは行われている。例えば、特許文献１に開示されているように牡蠣、アコヤ貝、ホタテ貝等の二枚貝を籠や連結紐で垂下されて養殖することが行われている。しかし、これらの貝は海底を移動するか、海水中のプランクトンを補足しつつ生息する貝類であり、泥中に生息し、泥中の栄養分をも捕集しつつ生息する貝類を養殖する技術ではない。
【０００５】
【特許文献１】
特開２０００−３００１０７
【特許文献２】
特開２０００−１８８９９２
【０００６】
泥の中で生息する貝を養殖する方法として、特許文献２には、赤貝を養殖する方法が提案されているが、この方法では、貝を籠に保持させた小型の壷中で養殖するものであり、泥または砂中で養殖する方法であることには変わりない。このように泥を使用する方法では、台風が来た時に養殖貝の格納に手間を要するという問題があった。
【０００７】
【発明が解決すべき課題】
本発明は上記問題点を解消することを目的とする。本発明は、タイラギを高生育率で養殖する方法を提供することを目的とする。本発明はまたタイラギを簡便に養殖する方法を提供することを目的とする。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち本発明は、タイラギを養殖用器具に入れて海水中で生育させることを特徴とするタイラギの養殖方法である。
【０００９】
養殖用器具は養殖用籠であることが好ましい。
【００１０】
海水は水深３ｍ以内の海水であることが好ましい。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明につき詳しく説明する。
本発明で養殖の対象とするタイラギはハボウキガイ上科ハボウキガイ科に属し、学術名をＡｔｒｉｎａ ｐｅｃｔｉｎａｔａと称する二枚貝である。タイラギは殻長が通常１５〜２０ｃｍで、最大３０ｃｍに達し、その貝柱は５〜１０ｇ、直径は最大４ｃｍに達する。
【００１２】
養殖に用いるタイラギは干潟で採捕する場合は漁解禁の１０月、浅海底で採捕する場合は大量死の発生する夏前が望ましい。
【００１３】
本発明でタイラギの養殖に用いる器具としては、具体的には養殖用籠またはコンテナーを用いることができる。養殖用籠とは、魚、貝、海老、蟹等の甲殻類等を養殖するためのものであって、通常枠体と網状物とから形成されている。網状物を構成する材料としては公知の材料の中から適宜選択して使用することができるが、特にポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、ナイロン等のポリアミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等のポリエステル、ＡＢＳ、塩化ビニル及び塩化ビニリデン等の高分子材料を使用することが好ましい。これらのうちでは、ポリアミドまたはポリ塩化ビニル等を原料としたモノフィラメントを編んで編み籠状としたものが好ましい。
【００１４】
養殖用器具を構成する枠体は通常剛性のある材料、例えば、ステンレス等金属材料、竹等繊維材料、あるいは熱硬化性エステル樹脂、熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂、熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂等のガラス繊維で補強した熱硬化性樹脂等が好ましく使用される。本発明で好ましく用いることのできる養殖用器具の形状としては、例えば、網体よりなる円、楕円、角、異形の筒状、立錐体状、四角錘状のもの等を用いることができる。
【００１５】
本発明の養殖方法における養殖用器具としては、上記網以外に図１のようなプラスチック製コンテナーを用いることもできる。このコンテナーは水に沈む必要があることから、比重が１以上の樹脂または樹脂複合材料、たとえばポリ塩化ビニル、フィラー入りポリエチレン、フィラー入りポリプロピレン等を素材としたものが好ましい。またコンテナーの形状としては、剛性が高く、かつ海水の通りが良いように空間部の多いリブ構造であることが好ましい。食用器具を構成する材料としては、上記高分子材料以外にもステンレス等の金属材料を金網状にしたものも用いることができる。
【００１６】
本発明の養殖方法で貝を養殖する海水中での養殖器具の位置は、水面から１０ｍ以内、好ましくは水深が３ｍ以内であることが好ましい。また、養殖器具は海水中で干満等による潮の流れのある場所に養殖することが望ましい。
【００１７】
本発明の養殖方法において、タイラギを養殖用籠で養殖するには、半成されたタイラギを数個、好ましくは数十個ずつ口部から収納室内に投入し、必要であれば貝が落下しないよう開口部付近の網目を閉じ糸で縫って口部を閉じる等の方法を採用することができる。タイラギをコンテナーで養殖する場合、図１に示したように荒天時に貝が落下しないよう蓋いを付けることが好ましい。
【００１８】
本発明の養殖方法では、養殖用器具は、好ましくは錨で係留された養殖筏、ブイ等から海中に沈めて吊りロープの上端を海上に係留してある筏あるいはブイに連結し、海中に沈めた状態に支持することにより垂下された状態で使用される。養殖用器具を垂下する方法としては、網籠を小割り式籠とし、小割り式籠の単体は、ステンレス製の枠材と樹脂製のネットで構成したものを用いることもできる。養殖用器具としてコンテナーを用いる場合、コンテナーを図２に示したように３〜５段重ねた状態で海面下に垂下することが好ましい。
【００１９】
本発明の養殖方法によるタイラギの養殖時期は、大量死の発生する夏前から需要が殺到する時期、例えば正月に出荷できる時期までが好ましい。養殖期間は、従って数週間から数ヶ月、好ましくは２カ月〜６カ月の範囲にあることが好ましい。養殖用器具は時々引き上げられ、付着生物を取り除き、同時に貝の養殖状態が順調か調べる。
【００２０】
本発明の方法では、タイラギ貝は自ら海水中のプランクトンを摂取して生育するので、養殖に際して特別の餌は不用である。もちろん生育を促進させるため、プランクトン等の適当な餌を強制的に供給することはいっこうにかまわない。
【００２１】
養殖したタイラギは、養殖後の出荷のための取り出しに際し、養殖用器具を海中から船上、若しくは陸上へ引き上げる。その後、生育した貝の中身、特に貝柱（閉殻筋）と、ひも（外套膜）を回収し、市場に出荷する。
【００２２】
【本発明の効果】
本発明の養殖方法によれば、従来、海底泥中でしか養殖できないと考えられていたタイラギを海水中で養殖することができるため、養殖が簡便になった。また、養殖中のタイラギの死滅率が少なくなった。そればかりでなく、貝柱の生育率は干潟の土中で養殖した場合に比べて良い結果が得られている。また餌が不用であるため、手間が余りかからない。本発明の養殖方法によりタイラギを任意の時期に市場に出荷できるため、その利点は多い。
【００２３】
【実施例】
次に実施例を挙げて本発明の効果について更に詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例になんら限定されるものではない。
【００２４】
【実施例１】
６月上旬に干潟で採集したタイラギ３０個を、図１に示したような縦４５ｃｍ、横４５ｃｍ、高さ１７ｃｍのポリ塩化ビニル製のコンテナーに入れ、有明海（浅海）に、筏からコンテナー底部が水深２ｍになるよう吊り下げ、６月２６日から９月１８日まで飼育した。その結果、養殖前平均１．５ｇであった貝柱の重量は、養殖後３．９ｇに増加した。なお、養殖期間中の貝の生存率は約９５％であった。
【００２５】
【実施例２】
実施例１において、コンテナー底部の深さを水深２ｍから１０ｍに変更する以外は実施例１と同様に行った。その結果、養殖前平均１．５ｇであった貝柱の重量は、養殖後３．６ｇに増加した。なお、養殖期間中の貝の生存率は約７５％であった。
【００２６】
【実施例３】
実施例１において、コンテナー底部の深さを水深２ｍから６ｍに変更する以外は実施例１と同様に行った。その結果、養殖前平均１．５ｇであった貝柱の重量は、養殖後２．４ｇに増加した。なお、養殖期間中の貝の生存率は約５７％であった。
【００２７】
【参考例１】
６月上旬に干潟で採集したタイラギ９０個を、干潟に埋めた状態で６月２６日から９月１８日まで飼育した。その結果、養殖前平均１．５ｇであった貝柱の重量は、養殖後２．２ｇに増加した。なお、養殖期間中の貝の生存率は約１００％であった。
【００２８】
【参考例２】
自然状態の干潟域のタイラギの６月から９月の生存率は、約１００％であった。また、その間、貝柱の重量は１．５ｇから２．９ｇに増加した。
【００２９】
【参考例３】
自然状態のタイラギは大量死が起こり８月末での浅海域（海底）での生存率は０％であった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】図１は本発明の養殖方法で用いる養殖用器具の１実施例であるコンテナーの写真である。
【図２】図２は本発明の養殖方法で養殖用器具をいかだから垂下する方法の１例を示した模式図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for cultivating tiger perch.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Tailagi is a broom-shaped bivalve (Plectoidae) that inhabits the tidal flats of Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay, Seto Inland Sea, Ariake Sea and penetrates into the shallow sandy mud bottom at a depth of about 20m. Eat and grow. The scallops of tai-raigi are useful as high-quality foods such as sushi, sashimi and hors d'oeuvres in French cuisine, and are an important fishery species especially in the Ariake Sea. Catch production is also the second largest for clams after clams.
[0003]
In recent years, especially in the Ariake Sea, the catch of tiger oysters has been decreasing periodically over the long term, while the soil quality of the seabed soil has deteriorated, and the catch in the last 20 years has been only 1/5 of the peak. Absent. In addition, the mass death of Tairagi has occurred recently and forced to close in Saga, Nagasaki, Fukuoka and Kumamoto prefectures.
[0004]
Culture of shellfish has been practiced in the past. For example, as disclosed in Patent Literature 1, bivalves such as oysters, pearl oysters, scallops and the like are hanged and cultivated by baskets and connecting strings. However, these shells are shellfish that move on the sea floor or supplement plankton in the seawater, and inhabit the mud and collect the nutrients in the mud while cultivating the shellfish that inhabit. Absent.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-300107
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2000-188992A
[0006]
Patent Literature 2 proposes a method of culturing red shellfish as a method of cultivating shellfish that lives in mud, but in this method, cultivation is performed in a small urn in which a shell is held in a basket. It is still a method of culturing in mud or sand. The method using mud as described above has a problem that it takes time to store the cultured shellfish when a typhoon comes.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating tiger stake at a high growth rate. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for conveniently cultivating tiger perch.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is a method for cultivating a tiger scallop, wherein the tiger squirrel is put into a culture tool and grown in seawater.
[0009]
Preferably, the aquaculture equipment is an aquaculture basket.
[0010]
The seawater is preferably seawater having a depth of 3 m or less.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail.
The snails to be cultivated in the present invention belong to the genus Dipterocarpaceae, and are bivalves whose scientific name is Atrina pectinata. Tigers are typically 15-20 cm long and can reach a maximum of 30 cm, their scallops can reach 5-10 g and diameters can reach a maximum of 4 cm.
[0012]
It is desirable to use the tiger clam used for aquaculture in October, when fishing is banned when catching on tidal flats, and before summer when mass death occurs when catching on shallow seabed.
[0013]
In the present invention, as a tool used for cultivation of tiger perch, specifically, a cultivation basket or container can be used. The culture basket is for culturing crustaceans such as fish, shellfish, shrimp, and crab, and is usually formed of a frame and a net. The material constituting the net can be appropriately selected from known materials and used. In particular, polyethylene, polyolefin such as polypropylene, polyamide such as nylon, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, ABS, vinyl chloride and chloride. It is preferable to use a polymer material such as vinylidene. Of these, those formed by knitting a monofilament made of polyamide or polyvinyl chloride as a raw material are preferable.
[0014]
The frame that constitutes the aquaculture equipment is usually made of a rigid material, for example, a metal material such as stainless steel, a fiber material such as bamboo, or a glass fiber such as a thermosetting ester resin, a thermosetting urethane resin, or a thermosetting epoxy resin. A reinforced thermosetting resin or the like is preferably used. As the shape of the culture device that can be preferably used in the present invention, for example, a net, a circle, an ellipse, a corner, an irregularly shaped tube, a standing cone, a square pyramid, or the like can be used.
[0015]
As a culture device in the culture method of the present invention, a plastic container as shown in FIG. 1 can be used other than the net. Since this container needs to be submerged in water, it is preferably made of a resin or a resin composite material having a specific gravity of 1 or more, for example, polyvinyl chloride, filled polyethylene, filled polypropylene, or the like. In addition, the shape of the container is preferably a rib structure having high rigidity and a large number of spaces so that the seawater can pass easily. As a material constituting the edible utensil, a metal mesh such as stainless steel can be used in addition to the above-described polymer material.
[0016]
The position of the culture device in seawater for culturing shellfish by the culture method of the present invention is preferably within 10 m from the water surface, and more preferably within 3 m from the water surface. Further, it is desirable that the aquaculture equipment be cultured in seawater in a place where there is a tide due to ebb and flow.
[0017]
In the aquaculture method of the present invention, in order to cultivate tigers in cultivation baskets, several semi-finished tigers, preferably tens of tigers, are put into the storage chamber from the mouth, and the shell does not fall if necessary. For example, a method in which the mesh near the opening is closed and sewn with a thread to close the mouth can be adopted. In the case of cultivating tiger oysters in a container, it is preferable to cover the shells so that the shells do not fall during stormy weather, as shown in FIG.
[0018]
In the aquaculture method of the present invention, the aquaculture equipment is preferably submerged from a culture raft or buoy moored with an anchor and connected to a raft or buoy moored at sea with the upper end of a hanging rope and submerged in the sea. It is used in a suspended state by supporting it in a suspended state. As a method of hanging the aquaculture equipment, a mesh basket may be a small-sized basket, and a small-sized basket may be composed of a stainless steel frame material and a resin net. When a container is used as an aquaculture instrument, it is preferable that the container be hung below the sea surface in a state of being stacked in three to five steps as shown in FIG.
[0019]
The cultivation period of the tiger lice by the cultivation method of the present invention is preferably from before the summer when mass death occurs to a time when the demand rushes, for example, a time when it can be shipped in the New Year. The culturing period is therefore preferably in the range from a few weeks to several months, preferably from 2 months to 6 months. The aquaculture equipment is occasionally lifted to remove attached organisms and at the same time check whether the culture of the shellfish is well.
[0020]
According to the method of the present invention, the snail shellfish itself grows by ingesting plankton in seawater, so that no special food is required for aquaculture. Of course, it is all right to force supply of suitable food such as plankton to promote growth.
[0021]
The cultivated tiger oyster is pulled up from the sea to the ship or on land when taking out the cultured tiger for shipping after the cultivation. After that, the contents of the grown shells, in particular, the scallop (closed muscle) and the strings (mantle) are collected and shipped to the market.
[0022]
[Effects of the present invention]
According to the cultivation method of the present invention, tiger perch, which was conventionally thought to be cultivable only in marine mud, can be cultivated in seawater, so that cultivation is simplified. In addition, the mortality of tiger oysters during aquaculture has been reduced. Not only that, the growth rate of the scallop has been better than when cultured in tidal flat soil. In addition, since there is no need for food, there is no need for extra work. According to the aquaculture method of the present invention, Japanese tiger perch can be shipped to the market at any time, and therefore, there are many advantages.
[0023]
【Example】
Next, the effects of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0024]
Embodiment 1
Thirty tigers collected in the tidal flat in early June were placed in a 45cm long, 45cm wide and 17cm high polyvinyl chloride container as shown in Fig. 1 and the container bottom from the raft in the Ariake Sea (shallow sea). They were hung to a depth of 2 m and bred from June 26 to September 18. As a result, the weight of the scallop, which was 1.5 g on average before culture, increased to 3.9 g after culture. The survival rate of the shellfish during the culturing period was about 95%.
[0025]
Embodiment 2
Example 1 was repeated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the depth of the container bottom was changed from 2 m to 10 m in water depth. As a result, the weight of the scallop, which was 1.5 g on average before culture, increased to 3.6 g after culture. The survival rate of the shellfish during the culture period was about 75%.
[0026]
Embodiment 3
Example 1 was repeated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the depth of the container bottom was changed from 2 m to 6 m in water depth. As a result, the weight of the scallop, which was 1.5 g on average before the culture, increased to 2.4 g after the culture. The survival rate of the shellfish during the cultivation period was about 57%.
[0027]
[Reference Example 1]
Ninety tiger clams collected in the tidal flats in early June were bred in the tidal flats from June 26 to September 18. As a result, the weight of the scallop, which was 1.5 g on average before the culture, increased to 2.2 g after the culture. The survival rate of the shellfish during the culturing period was about 100%.
[0028]
[Reference Example 2]
From June to September, the survival rate of the Japanese tiger oysters in the natural tidal flat was about 100%. Meanwhile, the weight of the scallop increased from 1.5 g to 2.9 g.
[0029]
[Reference Example 3]
The natural tiger oysters suffered massive deaths, and the survival rate in shallow water (sea bottom) at the end of August was 0%.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a container which is one embodiment of a culture device used in the culture method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a method of hanging a culture device using a culture method according to the present invention.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100906456B1 (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2009-07-08 | (주)한국연안환경생태연구소 | Shellfish culturing apparatus |
| JP2010057431A (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-18 | Fisheries Research Agency | Culture device for suspending and culturing artina pectinata lisckeana |
| JP2010057432A (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-18 | Fisheries Research Agency | Marine organism adhesion-preventing device |
| CN103299933A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-18 | 浙江海洋学院普陀科学技术学院 | Combined elevation and raft type cultivation device |
| CN106489804A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-03-15 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of method for preventing floatation surface adhesion on Pinna pectinata larva |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101314316B1 (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2013-10-02 | 최영태 | Device for rearing shellfish |
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2003
- 2003-02-24 JP JP2003045763A patent/JP4625891B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100906456B1 (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2009-07-08 | (주)한국연안환경생태연구소 | Shellfish culturing apparatus |
| JP2010057431A (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-18 | Fisheries Research Agency | Culture device for suspending and culturing artina pectinata lisckeana |
| JP2010057432A (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-18 | Fisheries Research Agency | Marine organism adhesion-preventing device |
| CN103299933A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-18 | 浙江海洋学院普陀科学技术学院 | Combined elevation and raft type cultivation device |
| CN106489804A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-03-15 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of method for preventing floatation surface adhesion on Pinna pectinata larva |
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| JP4625891B2 (en) | 2011-02-02 |
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