JP2004215533A - Method for improving or establishing fishing ground of shellfishes - Google Patents

Method for improving or establishing fishing ground of shellfishes Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004215533A
JP2004215533A JP2003004978A JP2003004978A JP2004215533A JP 2004215533 A JP2004215533 A JP 2004215533A JP 2003004978 A JP2003004978 A JP 2003004978A JP 2003004978 A JP2003004978 A JP 2003004978A JP 2004215533 A JP2004215533 A JP 2004215533A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
water
shellfish
fishing ground
granular material
ions
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JP2003004978A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hisami Arai
久美 新井
Tatsuto Takahashi
達人 高橋
Tetsushi Numata
哲始 沼田
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for improving or establishing a fishing ground which effectively grows and raises shellfishes in a short period, has high productivity of shellfishes and is applied at a low cost. <P>SOLUTION: This method for improving or establishing the fishing ground of shellfishes comprises laying granules to elute a Ca ion in water so as to constitute at least a part of a bottom material in which shellfishes live on the bottom of the sea or on the beach of an existing fishing ground of shellfishes or a place to establish a fishing ground. Since the Ca ion is eluted from the bottom material itself in the improved or established fishing ground, shellfishes being filtering and eating organisms living in the bottom material extremely effectively take a Ca component necessary for the growth of the seashells, consequently the growth and development of shellfishes are effectively promoted, and deposition/habitat density of individual is increased. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、アサリ、ハマグリ、シジミ等のような貝類の漁場を改良し又は造成するための方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
閉鎖性海域、内湾などの沿岸海域や汽水域には、アサリ、ハマグリ、シジミ等のような貝類の漁場が数多く存在しているが、近年、底質・水質の汚染などによって貝類の漁場の衰退・消失が進んでおり、また、浅場や砂浜での海砂の採取・流失、埋め立て等によっても貝類の漁場が失われつつある。
【0003】
従来、貝類(特に、浅場の砂質等に生息する二枚貝)の増殖、衰退した貝類の漁場の修復や造成を目的として、いくつかの提案や実際の施工例がある。例えば、非特許文献1には、沿岸海域において地盤の切砂及び導流堤の構築などによってハマグリの母貝育成と幼稚貝の沈着・生育に適した増殖場を人工的に造成した例が示されており、また、特許文献1には、スパイラル羽根を有するオーガによって水底の底泥よりも下層側の土を掘削し、これを底泥よりも上層に持ち上げ、底泥と下層の土とを置換することにより、貝類の漁場の底質を改修する方法が示されている。
【0004】
【非特許文献1】
「河口・沿岸域の生態とエコテクノロジー」第236頁−第237頁,1988年11月20日 東海大学出版会発行
【特許文献1】
特開2002−306001号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記従来技術は既存の底質を利用した改修や造成により貝類の漁場の改善(生産性の向上)を図るものであるため、その効果には自ずと限界があり、貝類の生育性や生産性を短期間で顕著に向上させる手法とはなり得ない。また、これらの方法は、改修や造成工事のためのコストがかかるという難点もある。
したがって本発明の目的は、貝類を短期間のうちに効果的に生育・成長させ、貝類の高い生産性が得られる漁場を形成することができ、しかも低コストで施工することが可能な貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、貝類の既存漁場の改修や新たな漁場の造成を行う場合に、貝類の生育・成長を効果的に促進させることができる方策について、主に漁場となる水底や水浜に敷設する敷設材料の面から検討を行い、その結果、漁場となる水底又は水浜に対して水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物を敷設し、この粒状物によって貝類が生息する底質の少なくとも一部を構成させることにより、貝類の成長が効果的に促進され、貝類の高い生産性が得られることを見出した。また、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物としては、特に鉄鋼製造プロセスで発生するスラグが好適であり、さらに、そのなかでも高炉水砕スラグが最も適した材料であることが判った。
【0007】
本発明は以上のような知見に基づきなされたもので、その特徴は以下の通りである。
[1] 貝類の既存漁場又は漁場を造成べき場所の水底又は水浜に、貝類が生息する底質の少なくとも一部を構成すべく、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物を敷設することを特徴とする貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法。
[2] 上記[1]の漁場の改良又は造成方法において、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物をそれ以外の底質構成物と混合し、該混合物を水底又は水浜に敷設することを特徴とする貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法。
【0008】
[3] 上記[1]の漁場の改良又は造成方法において、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物又は水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物とそれ以外の底質構成物との混合物を水底又は水浜に敷設した後、該敷設した粒状物又は混合物とその下層の既存の底質とを撹拌混合することを特徴とする貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法。
[4] 上記[1]〜[3]のいずれかの漁場の改良又は造成方法において、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物の少なくとも一部が、鉄鋼製造プロセスで発生するスラグであることを特徴とする貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法。
【0009】
[5] 上記[1]〜[4]のいずれかの漁場の改良又は造成方法において、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物の少なくとも一部が、高炉水砕スラグであることを特徴とする貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法。
[6] 貝類の既存漁場又は漁場を造成べき場所の水底又は水浜に敷設される資材であって、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物からなることを特徴とする貝類の漁場の改良用又は造成用資材。
[7] 上記[6]の漁場の改良用又は造成用資材において、高炉水砕スラグからなることを特徴とする貝類の漁場の改良用又は造成用資材。
【0010】
[8] 水底又は水浜に、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物が敷設され、該粒状物が、貝類が生息する底質の少なくとも一部を構成していることを特徴とする貝類の人工改良又は造成漁場。
[9] 上記[8]の人工改良又は造成漁場において、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物の少なくとも一部が高炉水砕スラグであることを特徴とする貝類の人工改良又は造成漁場。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明法では、貝類の既存漁場の改修(改良)や新たな漁場の造成を行うに当たり、漁場となる水底又は水浜に、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物(以下、「Ca溶出性粒状物」という)を敷設し、この粒状物によって貝類が生息する底質の少なくとも一部を構成させる。これにより、底質そのものからCaイオンが溶出するため、底質に生息する濾過食性生物である貝類が殻の成長に必要なCa成分を非常に効率的に取り込むことができ、この結果、貝類(殻)の生育・成長が効果的に促進されるとともに、個体の着底・生息密度も高くなるものと考えられる。
【0012】
本発明法は、衰退しつつある既存の漁場だけでなく、健全な漁場に対して更なる生産性の向上を図るために適用してもよい。また、消失した漁場やその他の場所に新たな漁場を造成するために適用してもよい。また、既存の底質を浚渫により除去した後に、本発明法を適用してもよい。
Ca溶出性粒状物の水底又は水浜に対する敷設形態は、Ca溶出性粒状物が貝類が生息する底質の少なくとも一部を構成するような形態であればよく、他は任意である。
【0013】
したがって、例えば、▲1▼Ca溶出性粒状物が水底又は水浜に層状に敷設され、このCa溶出性粒状物層又はこれとその下層の既存底質層が「貝類が生息する底質」を構成するような形態、▲2▼Ca溶出性粒状物とそれ以外の底質構成物(例えば、砂、泥等)との混合物が水底又は水浜に層状に敷設され、この混合物層又はこれとその下層の既存底質層が「貝類が生息する底質」を構成するような形態、▲3▼Ca溶出性粒状物又はCa溶出性粒状物とそれ以外の底質構成物との混合物を水底又は水浜に敷設した後、この敷設された粒状物又は混合物とその下層の既存底質とを撹拌混合することにより、Ca溶出性粒状物とそれ以外の底質構成物との混合物層又はこれとその下層の既存底質層が「貝類が生息する底質」を構成するような形態、等の任意の形態とすることができる。
なお、Ca溶出性粒状物と事前に混合される上記底質構成物としては、砂(海砂、山砂)、泥のほか、石炭灰(フライアッシュ等)、ケイ砂等の任意の材料(主として粒状物)を用いることができる。
【0014】
また、Ca溶出性粒状物の水底又は水浜への敷設厚さも任意であり、上記▲1▼〜▲3▼等の敷設形態や、対象とする漁場に生息する或いは生息させる貝類の種類(すなわち、底質中で貝類が生息する深さ)等に応じて決めればよい。実質的に敷設されたCa溶出性粒状物層のみで貝類が生息する底質を構成させる場合には、通常5cm以上(既存底質が泥質であるような場合は15cm以上)の厚さに、特に好ましくは30cm以上の厚さに敷設することが望ましい。勿論、それ以上の厚さ(例えば、50cm以上或いは100cm以上の厚さ)で敷設しても構わない。
Ca溶出性粒状物の粒径も任意であり、一般には極細砂(粒径1/16〜1/8mm程度)〜細礫(粒径2〜4mm程度)の範囲のものが好ましいが、これに限定されるものではない。
【0015】
本発明法が対象とする漁場の生息貝類に特別な制限はないが、一般には砂質〜泥質に生息するアサリ、ハマグリ、アカガイ、サルボウ、トリガイ、ホッキガイ、バカガイ、タイラギ、シジミなどの水産有用貝類である。
また、本発明法を適用する水域にも特別な制限はなく、海水域、汽水域、淡水域(例えば、湖沼など)のいずれでもよい。また、Ca溶出性粒状物を敷設する水底の深さも任意であるが、一般にアサリやハマグリなどの漁場は水深が5〜10m程度の水域が多い。
【0016】
次に、Ca溶出性粒状物の好ましい条件について説明する。
本発明法において水底又は水浜に敷設するCa溶出性粒状物は、水中でCaイオンを溶出できるものであれば、その種類を問わないが、周囲の水のpHがあまり高くなるようなものは、貝類の生息に悪影響を及ばすため好ましくない。この観点からCa溶出性粒状物は、その周囲の水(特に、底層水、間隙水)のpHが、海水域(この「海水域」は恒常的に塩分濃度が1%以上である水域と定義する)ではpH11以下、好ましくはpH9.5以下、淡水域(この「淡水域」は上記に定義される「海水域」よりも塩分濃度が低い水域と定義する)ではpH12以下、好ましくはpH10以下となるようなものを用いることが好ましい。また、Ca溶出性粒状物の周囲の水(特に、底層水、間隙水)のpHの下限については、pH6.5程度が適当である。
【0017】
Ca溶出性粒状物としては、例えば、鉄鋼製造プロセスで発生するスラグ、廃コンクリート(例えば、コンクリート廃棄物を破砕処理したもの)、モルタル、アルミナセメント、CaO含有耐火物、CaO含有石炭灰、消石灰、固化処理土(例えば、セメント固化処理土、石灰固化処理土)などが挙げられるが、周囲の水のpHを過剰に上昇させないという観点からは、特に鉄鋼製造プロセスで発生するスラグが好ましい。
鉄鋼製造プロセスで発生するスラグとしては、高炉で発生する高炉水砕スラグ、高炉風砕スラグ、高炉徐冷スラグ;予備処理、転炉、鋳造等の工程で発生する脱炭スラグ、脱燐スラグ、脱硫スラグ、脱珪スラグ、鋳造スラグ等の製鋼スラグ;鉱石還元スラグ;電気炉スラグ等を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではなく、また2種以上のスラグを混合して用いることもできる。また、これらのスラグは、鉄鋼製造プロセスにおいて副生成物として得られたままのスラグ、或いはスラグを地鉄(鉄分)除去したもの、破砕処理したもの、地鉄除去の前又は後に破砕処理したものなどを用いることができる。
【0018】
鉄鋼製造プロセスで発生するスラグは、通常13〜55mass%程度のCaOを含んでいるが、このCaOのうちの相当量がフリーのCaOではなく、nCaO−SiO(例えば、2CaO−SiO,3CaO−SiO等)の組成物の形態で存在しており、このため過剰なCaイオンの溶出とこれによって引き起こされる周囲の水の過度なpH上昇が適切に抑えられる。
【0019】
また、上記スラグのなかでも、高炉水砕スラグがCa溶出性粒状物として最も好ましい。高炉水砕スラグはCaO、SiO及びAlを主成分とするガラス質の粒状物であり、一般にCaOを35mass%以上含有しているが、スラグのなかでも特にフリーのCaOの割合が少なく、多くのCaOが上記nCaO−SiOの形態で存在している。したがって他のスラグに較べてCaイオンの溶出速度が小さく、このため周囲の水のpHを上昇させにくく、しかもCaイオンの溶出作用を長期間に亘って持続させることができる。また、高炉水砕スラグは、元々(すなわち、生成ままの状態で)粒径5mm以下のスラグ粒子の割合が90mass%以上で、D50が1mm〜1.5mm程度の粒状のものであり、粒径が砂粒に近いため、特別な整粒工程(例えば、粉砕処理や篩い分け)を経なくても使用できる利点があり、しかも、高炉において副生成物として大量に生産され、且つ非常に安価な材料であるため水底や水浜への大量投入が可能であり、例えば、1つの海域や海浜に百万トンオーダーで投入することが可能である。また、高炉水砕スラグは粒状で且つ白色であり、天然砂に近い性状及び外観を有しているため、その敷設層は砂質に近い環境となる。
【0020】
さらに、高炉水砕スラグは高温の溶融状態にある高炉スラグ(溶融スラグ)を噴流水で急冷して得られるものであり、溶融状態にあるスラグを噴流水で急冷する過程でスラグ中に溶け込んでいる窒素や水分などによってスラグが発泡するため、得られるスラグ粒子は無数の内部気孔を有する多孔質組織のガラス質材料となる。また、同様の理由から高炉水砕スラグの粒子は角張った形状(表面に多数の尖った部分を有する形状)を有している。このような形態上の特徴から、高炉水砕スラグの敷設層は充填間隙が大きく、通水性が非常に優れている。このためスラグ粒子間の間隙の水が入れ替りやすく、この間隙での溶存酸素濃度が十分に確保されるため、貝類の生息に良好な環境を提供することができる。
なお、高炉水砕スラグについても、必要に応じて粉砕処理や篩い分けなどの整粒工程を経たものを用いてよい。
【0021】
本発明法を実施するに当たり、敷設したCa溶出性粒状物が海流等により流失しないようにするため、敷設したCa溶出性粒状物の周囲或いは外洋側に潜堤を設置することが好ましい場合がある。この潜堤は任意の材料で構成することができるが、例えば、塊状スラグ(鉄鋼製造プロセスで発生した塊状スラグ)を積み上げたもの、スラグ等の粉粒状原料を炭酸反応で固結させて得られたブロック、スラグを主原料とする水和硬化体ブロックなどで構成することもできる。
【0022】
以上述べた本発明法によれば、水底又は水浜に、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物が敷設され、この粒状物が貝類が生息する底質の少なくとも一部を構成した貝類の人工改良又は造成漁場が形成される。
また、本発明法で用いられるCa溶出性粒状物は、貝類の漁場の改良又は造成用資材であり、この資材としては上述したような各種材料を用いることができるが、特に鉄鋼製造プロセスで発生したスラグが好ましく、そのなかでも高炉水砕スラグが最も好ましい。
【0023】
【実施例】
内湾の水深2.5mの浅場の水底(泥砂混合の底質)に、それぞれ10m×10mの広さでスラグ区(高炉水砕スラグを約50cmの厚さに敷設した区域)、海砂区(海砂を約50cmの厚さに敷設した区域)、泥砂混合の原地盤区(原地盤のままの区域)を設け、各区域の中央に殻長約10mmのアサリをそれぞれ約1000個投入した。なお、投入したアサリの殻には、他の場所から侵入してくる自然増のアサリと区別するためにマーキングを施した。
【0024】
アサリを投入してから12ヶ月経過後に、各区域の中央部の1m四方の領域からアサリを採取し、アサリの生残数及び自然増数と、生存していたアサリの殻長、湿重量を測定した。その結果を以下に示す。
▲1▼スラグ区
・生残数:163個、斃死数:21個、自然増数:107個
・生存していたアサリの殻長平均値:15mm
・アサリ1個体の平均湿重量:3.0g
▲2▼海砂区
・生残数:152個、斃死数:23個、自然増数:49個
・生存していたアサリの殻長平均値:13mm
・アサリ1個体の平均湿重量:2.7g
▲3▼原地盤区
・生残数:95個、斃死数:47個、自然増数:31個
・生存していたアサリの殻長平均値:11mm
・アサリ1個体の平均湿重量:2.4g
【0025】
【発明の効果】
以上述べた本発明による貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法によれば、貝類を短期間のうちに効果的に生育・成長させ、貝類の高い生産性が得られる漁場を低コストで形成することができる。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for improving or creating a fishing ground for shellfish such as clams, clams, clams and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are many fishing grounds for shellfish such as clams, clams and clams in coastal waters and brackish waters such as enclosed sea areas and inner bays.However, in recent years, shellfish fishing grounds have declined due to contamination of bottom sediment and water quality.・ The fishery is disappearing, and shellfish fishing grounds are being lost due to the collection and loss of sea sand on shallow beaches and sandy beaches, and landfills.
[0003]
BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, there have been several proposals and actual construction examples for the purpose of multiplying shellfishes (especially bivalves inhabiting shallow sand and the like) and restoring and developing fishing grounds for shellfish that has declined. For example, Non-Patent Document 1 shows an example of artificially creating a breeding field suitable for cultivation of mother clams of clams and deposition and growth of juvenile clams in coastal seas by cutting ground and constructing a dike. Patent Document 1 discloses that an auger having spiral blades is used to excavate soil below the bottom mud at the bottom of the water, lift this to a level above the bottom mud, and separate the bottom mud with the lower soil. A method of renovating the bottom sediment of a shellfish fishing ground by substituting is described.
[0004]
[Non-patent document 1]
"Ecology and Ecotechnology in Estuaries and Coastal Areas", pp. 236-237, published on November 20, 1988 by Tokai University Press [Patent Document 1]
JP, 2002-306001, A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-mentioned prior art is intended to improve shellfish fishing grounds (improve productivity) by rehabilitation and development using existing sediments, and the effect is naturally limited, and the viability and productivity of shellfish are limited. It cannot be a method of significantly improving the performance in a short period of time. In addition, these methods have a disadvantage in that costs for repair and construction work are high.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a fishing ground in which shellfish can be effectively grown and grown in a short period of time, and a fishing ground where high productivity of shellfish can be obtained, and which can be constructed at low cost. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving or creating a fishing ground.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have studied measures to effectively promote the growth and growth of shellfish when rehabilitating existing fishing grounds for shellfishes and creating new fishing grounds. Investigation was conducted from the aspect of the laying material to be laid, and as a result, a granular material that elutes Ca ions in water was laid on the water bottom or the beach as a fishing ground, and at least one of the sediments where shellfish lived by the granular material. It has been found that by configuring the parts, the growth of shellfish is effectively promoted, and high productivity of shellfish is obtained. Further, as the granular material that elutes Ca ions in water, slag generated in a steelmaking process is particularly suitable, and among them, granulated blast furnace slag was found to be the most suitable material.
[0007]
The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the features are as follows.
[1] A particulate material that elutes Ca ions in water is laid on the bottom or beach of an existing fishing ground for shellfish or a place where a fishing ground is to be formed, so as to constitute at least a part of the bottom material where shellfish inhabit. How to improve or create a fishing ground for shellfish.
[2] The method for improving or creating a fishing ground according to [1] above, wherein the particulate matter that elutes Ca ions in water is mixed with other sediment constituents, and the mixture is laid on the bottom of the water or on the beach. How to improve or create a fishing ground for shellfish.
[0008]
[3] The method for improving or creating a fishing ground according to the above [1], wherein the granular material that elutes Ca ions in water or a mixture of the granular material that elutes Ca ions in water and other sediment constituents is placed on the bottom or in the water. A method of improving or creating a fishing ground for shellfish, comprising laying on a beach, and then stirring and mixing the laid granules or mixture with existing sediment below.
[4] The method for improving or creating a fishing ground according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein at least a part of the particulates that elute Ca ions into water is slag generated in a steel manufacturing process. How to improve or create a fishing ground for shellfish.
[0009]
[5] The method for improving or creating a fishing ground according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein at least a part of the granular material that elutes Ca ions into water is granulated blast furnace slag. How to improve or create a fishing ground.
[6] An existing fishing ground for shellfish or a material to be laid on the water floor or beach at a place where a fishing ground is to be created, wherein the shellfish is a granular material that elutes Ca ions in water, or for improving the fishing ground for shellfish or Construction materials.
[7] The material for improving or creating a fishing ground for shellfish, which is a material for improving or creating a fishing ground according to the above [6], comprising a granulated blast furnace slag.
[0010]
[8] An artificial shellfish, wherein a granular material that elutes Ca ions in the water is laid on the water floor or the beach, and the granular material constitutes at least a part of the sediment in which the shellfish inhabits. Improvement or creation fishing ground.
[9] The artificial improvement or creation fishing ground for shellfish, wherein at least a part of the granular material that elutes Ca ions in water is granulated blast furnace slag in the artificial improvement or creation fishing ground according to [8].
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
According to the method of the present invention, when renovating (improving) an existing fishing ground for shellfish or constructing a new fishing ground, a granular material that elutes Ca ions into water (hereinafter referred to as “Ca-eluting granular material”) is provided on the bottom of the water or a beach as a fishing ground. ), And the granular material constitutes at least a part of the bottom material in which the shellfish inhabit. As a result, Ca ions are eluted from the sediment itself, so that the shellfish, which is a filter-eating organism living in the sediment, can take in the Ca component necessary for shell growth very efficiently, and as a result, the shellfish ( It is thought that the growth and growth of the husk are effectively promoted and the individual's settlement and population density are also increased.
[0012]
The method of the present invention may be applied not only to existing fishing grounds that are declining, but also to healthy fishing grounds in order to further improve productivity. Further, the present invention may be applied to create a new fishing ground in a lost fishing ground or other places. The method of the present invention may be applied after the existing sediment is removed by dredging.
The Ca-eluting granular material may be laid on the water floor or the beach, as long as the Ca-eluting granular material constitutes at least a part of the sediment where the shellfish inhabit, and the other is arbitrary.
[0013]
Therefore, for example, {circle around (1)} the Ca-eluting granular material is laid in layers on the water floor or the beach, and the Ca-eluting granular material layer or the existing sedimentary layer thereunder constitutes “the sediment where shellfish live”. (2) A mixture of Ca-eluting granular material and other sediment constituents (eg, sand, mud, etc.) is laid in layers on the water bottom or beach, and the mixture layer or the mixture A form in which the existing sediment layer underneath constitutes "the sediment in which shellfish inhabit". (3) Ca-eluting granules or a mixture of Ca-eluting granules and other sediment components is placed on the water bottom. Or after laying on a beach, the laid granules or mixture and the existing sediment underneath are agitated and mixed to form a mixture layer of Ca-eluting granules and other sediment components or a mixture thereof. And the existing sediment layer beneath it constitutes "the sediment where shellfish live" State, may be any form and the like.
In addition, as the sediment constituents previously mixed with the Ca-eluting granules, sand (sea sand, mountain sand), mud, coal ash (fly ash or the like), silica sand or any other material ( Mainly particulate matter).
[0014]
The thickness of the Ca-eluting particulate matter laid on the water bottom or on the beach is also arbitrary, and the laying form such as the above (1) to (3), the type of shellfish that inhabits or inhabits the target fishing ground (ie, And the depth at which shellfish live in the sediment). When the sediment in which the shellfish inhabits is constituted only by the substantially laid Ca-eluting granular material layer, the thickness is usually 5 cm or more (15 cm or more when the existing sediment is muddy). It is particularly desirable to lay it in a thickness of 30 cm or more. Of course, it may be laid with a greater thickness (for example, a thickness of 50 cm or more or 100 cm or more).
The particle size of the Ca-eluting granular material is also arbitrary, and generally ranges from ultrafine sand (particle size of about 1/16 to 1/8 mm) to fine gravel (particle size of about 2 to 4 mm). It is not limited.
[0015]
There are no particular restrictions on the shellfish that inhabit the fishing grounds targeted by the present invention. Shellfish.
The water area to which the present invention is applied is not particularly limited, and may be any of seawater areas, brackish water areas, and freshwater areas (for example, lakes and marshes). The depth of the water bottom on which the Ca-eluting particulate matter is laid is also arbitrary, but generally, fishing grounds such as clams and clams have many water bodies with a water depth of about 5 to 10 m.
[0016]
Next, preferable conditions for the Ca-eluting granular material will be described.
In the method of the present invention, the Ca-eluting granular material laid on the water bottom or the beach is not particularly limited as long as it can elute Ca ions in water, but those in which the pH of the surrounding water becomes too high. It is not preferable because it adversely affects the inhabitation of shellfish. From this point of view, the Ca-eluting granular material is defined as a seawater region (the "seawater region" is a water region where the salt concentration is constantly 1% or more) in the surrounding water (particularly, bottom water and pore water). ), PH 11 or lower, preferably pH 9.5 or lower, and pH 12 or lower, preferably pH 10 or lower in a freshwater area (this "freshwater area" is defined as a water area having a lower salt concentration than the "seawater area" defined above). It is preferable to use such a material. The lower limit of the pH of the water around the Ca-eluting granular material (particularly, bottom water and pore water) is appropriately about pH 6.5.
[0017]
Examples of the Ca-eluting granules include slag generated in a steel manufacturing process, waste concrete (for example, crushed concrete waste), mortar, alumina cement, CaO-containing refractories, CaO-containing coal ash, slaked lime, Solidified soil (for example, cement-solidified soil, lime-solidified soil) and the like can be mentioned, but slag generated in the steel manufacturing process is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of not increasing the pH of the surrounding water excessively.
The slag generated in the steelmaking process includes blast furnace granulated slag generated in the blast furnace, blast furnace air-blasted slag, blast furnace gradually cooled slag; Steelmaking slags such as desulfurized slag, desiliconized slag, and cast slag; ore-reduced slag; electric furnace slag; and the like, but are not limited thereto, and a mixture of two or more slags may be used. You can also. In addition, these slags are slag obtained as a by-product in the steel making process, or slag from which slag has been removed from ground iron (iron), crushed, crushed before or after removal of ground iron Etc. can be used.
[0018]
Slag generated in the steel manufacturing process has included CaO usually about 13~55Mass%, a considerable amount of free rather than CaO of one of the CaO, nCaO-SiO 2 (e.g., 2CaO-SiO 2, 3CaO —SiO 2 ) in the form of a composition, so that excessive elution of Ca ions and an excessive increase in pH of the surrounding water caused by the elution are appropriately suppressed.
[0019]
Among the above slags, granulated blast furnace slag is most preferable as the Ca-eluting granular material. Granulated blast furnace slag is a vitreous granular material containing CaO, SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 as main components, and generally contains CaO at 35 mass% or more. Among slags, the ratio of free CaO is particularly high. less, many CaO are present in the form of the nCaO-SiO 2. Therefore, the elution rate of Ca ions is lower than that of other slags, so that the pH of the surrounding water is hardly increased, and the action of eluting Ca ions can be maintained for a long time. The granulated blast furnace slag is originally (that is, as-produced) a granule having a ratio of slag particles having a particle diameter of 5 mm or less of 90 mass% or more and a D50 of about 1 mm to 1.5 mm. Has the advantage that it can be used without any special sizing process (for example, crushing or sieving), and is produced in large quantities as a by-product in a blast furnace and very inexpensive. Therefore, a large amount can be put into a water bottom or a beach, for example, it can be put into one sea area or a beach in the order of one million tons. Further, the granulated blast furnace slag is granular and white, and has properties and appearance close to those of natural sand. Therefore, the laying layer has an environment close to sand.
[0020]
Furthermore, granulated blast furnace slag is obtained by quenching blast furnace slag (molten slag) in a high-temperature molten state with jet water, and melts into the slag in the process of rapidly cooling the molten slag with jet water. Since the slag foams due to nitrogen, moisture, or the like, the obtained slag particles become a vitreous material having a porous structure having countless internal pores. For the same reason, the particles of the granulated blast furnace slag have an angular shape (a shape having a large number of sharp portions on the surface). Due to such morphological features, the laying layer of the granulated blast furnace slag has a large filling gap and very excellent water permeability. For this reason, the water in the gaps between the slag particles is easily replaced, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the gaps is sufficiently ensured, so that a favorable environment can be provided for shellfish.
In addition, the granulated blast furnace slag may be used after going through a sizing process such as a pulverizing process or a sieving process, if necessary.
[0021]
In carrying out the method of the present invention, it may be preferable to install a submerged levee around the laid Ca-eluting granules or on the open sea side in order to prevent the laid Ca-eluting granules from being washed away by ocean currents or the like. . This submerged embankment can be made of any material. For example, it is obtained by stacking massive slag (mass slag generated in the steelmaking process) or by solidifying powdery or granular raw materials such as slag by a carbonic acid reaction. Block or a hydrated hardened material block mainly composed of slag.
[0022]
According to the above-described method of the present invention, on the water floor or on the beach, a granular material that elutes Ca ions in water is laid, and this granular material constitutes at least a part of the sediment in which the shellfish inhabits. Alternatively, an artificial fishing ground is formed.
The Ca-eluting granular material used in the method of the present invention is a material for improving or creating shellfish fishing grounds. As the material, various materials as described above can be used. Slag is preferred, and granulated blast furnace slag is most preferred.
[0023]
【Example】
A slag section (area where granulated blast furnace slag was laid to a thickness of about 50 cm) and a sea sand section (10 m x 10 m) were placed on a shallow water bottom (sediment of mud and sand) with a depth of 2.5 m in the inner bay. An area in which sea sand was laid down to a thickness of about 50 cm) and an original ground area (area in which the original ground was kept) with a mixture of mud and sand were provided, and about 1000 clams having a shell length of about 10 mm were put into the center of each area. The shells of the clams put in were marked to distinguish them from naturally increasing clams invading from other places.
[0024]
Twelve months after the introduction of clams, clams were collected from a 1 m square area at the center of each area, and the surviving and natural number of clams, the shell length of the clams that had survived, and the wet weight were determined. It was measured. The results are shown below.
(1) Slag area-Number of surviving: 163, Number of dead: 21, Natural increase: 107, Average shell length of live clams: 15 mm
-Average wet weight of one clam: 3.0 g
(2) Sea sand area, surviving: 152, number of dead: 23, spontaneously increased: 49, average shell length of live clams: 13 mm
-Average wet weight of one clam: 2.7 g
(3) Original ground area-Number of survivors: 95, Number of dead: 47, Number of spontaneous increase: 31-Average length of shells of live clams: 11 mm
-Average wet weight of one clam: 2.4 g
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method for improving or creating a fishing ground for shellfish according to the present invention described above, shellfish can be effectively grown and grown in a short period of time, and a fishing ground with high productivity of shellfish can be formed at low cost. it can.

Claims (9)

貝類の既存漁場又は漁場を造成べき場所の水底又は水浜に、貝類が生息する底質の少なくとも一部を構成すべく、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物を敷設することを特徴とする貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法。Shellfish characterized by laying a granular material that elutes Ca ions in water to constitute at least a part of the sediment where shellfish inhabit, on the bottom or on the beach of the existing fishing ground for shellfish or a place where a fishing ground is to be created. How to improve or create a fishing ground. 水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物をそれ以外の底質構成物と混合し、該混合物を水底又は水浜に敷設することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法。The method for improving or creating a fishing ground for shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the particulate matter that elutes Ca ions in water is mixed with other sediment constituents, and the mixture is laid on the bottom of the water or on the beach. . 水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物又は水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物とそれ以外の底質構成物との混合物を水底又は水浜に敷設した後、該敷設した粒状物又は混合物とその下層の既存の底質とを撹拌混合することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法。After laying a mixture of a granular material that elutes Ca ions in water or a granular material that elutes Ca ions in water and other sediment constituents on the water bottom or a beach, the laid granular material or mixture and the lower layer thereof The method for improving or creating a fishing ground for shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the existing sediment is stirred and mixed. 水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物の少なくとも一部が、鉄鋼製造プロセスで発生するスラグであることを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3に記載の貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法。The method for improving or creating a shellfish fishing ground according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein at least a part of the granular material that elutes Ca ions into water is slag generated in a steelmaking process. 水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物の少なくとも一部が、高炉水砕スラグであることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3又は4に記載の貝類の漁場の改良又は造成方法。The method for improving or creating a shellfish fishing ground according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein at least a part of the granular material that elutes Ca ions into water is granulated blast furnace slag. 貝類の既存漁場又は漁場を造成べき場所の水底又は水浜に敷設される資材であって、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物からなることを特徴とする貝類の漁場の改良用又は造成用資材。A material for improvement or development of a fishing ground for shellfish, which is a material to be laid on the bottom of the water or a beach at an existing fishing ground for shellfish or a place where a fishing ground is to be formed, and which is composed of particulate matter that elutes Ca ions into water. . 高炉水砕スラグからなることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の貝類の漁場の改良用又は造成用資材。The material for improving or creating a fishing ground for shellfish according to claim 6, comprising granulated blast furnace slag. 水底又は水浜に、水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物が敷設され、該粒状物が、貝類が生息する底質の少なくとも一部を構成していることを特徴とする貝類の人工改良又は造成漁場。An artificial improvement or creation of a shellfish, wherein a granular material that elutes Ca ions in water is laid on the water floor or the beach, and the granular material constitutes at least a part of the sediment in which the shellfish inhabits. Fishing ground. 水中にCaイオンを溶出する粒状物の少なくとも一部が高炉水砕スラグであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の貝類の人工改良又は造成漁場。The artificial improvement or creation fishing ground for shellfish according to claim 8, wherein at least a part of the granular material that elutes Ca ions into water is granulated blast furnace slag.
JP2003004978A 2003-01-10 2003-01-10 Method for improving or establishing fishing ground of shellfishes Pending JP2004215533A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008263791A (en) * 2007-04-16 2008-11-06 Tokyo Kiyuuei:Kk Method for growing bivalves and base material for improving bottom quality

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008263791A (en) * 2007-04-16 2008-11-06 Tokyo Kiyuuei:Kk Method for growing bivalves and base material for improving bottom quality

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