JP2004160496A - Welding current control method of pulse arc welding - Google Patents

Welding current control method of pulse arc welding Download PDF

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JP2004160496A
JP2004160496A JP2002329587A JP2002329587A JP2004160496A JP 2004160496 A JP2004160496 A JP 2004160496A JP 2002329587 A JP2002329587 A JP 2002329587A JP 2002329587 A JP2002329587 A JP 2002329587A JP 2004160496 A JP2004160496 A JP 2004160496A
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current
value
welding
period
base
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JP4181384B2 (en
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Kogun Do
紅軍 仝
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Daihen Corp
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Daihen Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a welding current control method of the consumable electrode type pulse arc welding for ensuring excellent welding quality by suppressing a fluctuation in arc length by compensating a fluctuation in wire melt quantity due to short circuit of a welding wire and a base material. <P>SOLUTION: In the welding current control method of the pulse arc welding, when short circuit occurs in a base period Tb, the short-circuit current Is flows, and the base short-circuit integration value Sb is calculated by integrating the base current set value Ibr in this short-circuit period Ts. When the short circuit is released at the time t22, the melt-compensation current Ih with the current increment Iu added to the base current Ib flows for the predetermined compensation period Th, and then, returns to the flow of the base current Ib. The current increment Iu is the value Sh of the base short-circuit integration value Sb multiplied by the predetermined amplification factor K, and divided by the compensation period Th. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、消耗電極式パルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法に関し、特に、溶接ワイヤと母材との短絡に伴うワイヤ溶融量の変動を補償してアーク長の変動を抑制し、良好な溶接品質を確保するための溶接電流制御方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
消耗電極式アーク溶接において、溶接中のアーク長を適正値に維持することは良好な溶接品質を得るために重要である。アーク長は、ワイヤ送給速度Ws[mm/s](以下、送給速度という)とワイヤ溶融速度Ms[mm/s](以下、溶融速度という)との差によって定まる。すなわち、アーク長は、Ws=Msのときには変化しないで一定のままであり、Ws>Msのときには短くなる方向に変化し、Ws<Msのときには長くなる方向に変化する。したがって、送給速度Wsが設定されると、アーク長は溶融速度Msによって定まることになる。この溶融速度Msは、下式で定まることが知られている。
Ms=α・Iaa+β・L・Iwa・Iwa …(1)式
ここで、Iaa[A]はアーク電流の平均値であり、Iwa[A]はアーク電流及び短絡電流を含む溶接電流の平均値であり、L[mm]はワイヤ突出し長さであり、αはアーク電流によるアーク熱のワイヤ溶融への寄与度を示す係数であり、βは溶接電流によるジュール熱のワイヤ溶融への寄与度を示す係数である。
【0003】
したがって、消耗電極式アーク溶接では、アーク長を溶接電圧Vwの平均値Vavで検出し、この検出値が予め定めた電圧設定値Vrと略等しくなるように溶接電流Iwを制御し、この結果として上記(1)式に示すように溶融速度Msが変化してアーク長を制御する。アーク溶接の一つであるパルスアーク溶接においても、上述したことはそのまま当てはまる。以下、従来技術1(例えば、特許文献1参照)として、パルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法について説明する。
【0004】
図7は、パルスアーク溶接の電圧・電流波形図であり、同図(A)は溶接電圧Vwの波形であり、同図(B)は溶接電流Iwの波形である。以下、同図を参照して説明する。
【0005】
▲1▼ 時刻t1〜t2のピーク期間Tp
ピーク期間Tp中は、同図(B)に示すように、溶接ワイヤをスプレー移行させるために臨界電流値以上に予め定めたピーク電流設定値Iprに相当するピーク電流Ipを通電し、同図(A)に示すように、アーク長に対応したピーク電圧Vpが印加する。このピーク期間Tp及びピーク電流Ipの値は、溶接ワイヤの種類、シールドガスの種類等に応じていわゆる1パルス1溶滴移行の良好な溶滴移行状態となる適正値に設定される。
【0006】
▲2▼ 時刻t2〜t3のベース期間Tb
ベース期間Tb中は、同図(B)に示すように、上記の臨界電流値未満の数十A程度のベース電流設定値Ibrに相当するベース電流Ibを通電し、同図(A)に示すように、アーク長に対応したベース電圧Vbが印加する。このベース期間Tbは、溶接電圧Vwの平均値が電圧設定値と略等しくなるようにフィードバック制御によって定まる。このようにしてベース期間Tbを制御することによって、上述したように溶接電流Iwの平均値(アーク電流の平均値を含む)を変化させて溶融速度Msを変化させ、アーク長を制御している。
【0007】
▲3▼ 時刻t21〜t22の短絡期間Ts
上記のベース期間Tb中に短絡が発生すると、同図(A)に示すように、溶接電圧Vwは数V程度の短絡電圧値となり、同図(B)に示すように、短絡を早期に解除するためにベース電流Ibよりも大きい値に予め定めた短絡電流Isを通電する。
【0008】
上記のピーク期間Tpと上記のベース期間Tbとから成るパルス周期Tfを繰り返して溶接を行う。パルス周期Tf中に短絡が発生すると、短絡期間Ts中の溶接電圧は短絡電圧値に変化するために、溶接電圧の平均値は変化する。上述したように、溶接電圧の平均値をフィードバック制御してベース期間Tbが決まるので、溶接電圧の平均値が変化するとベース期間Tbが変化する。しかし、通常はフィードバック制御系の安定性を確保するために、溶接電圧の平均値を算出する時定数は数百ms(十数〜数十パルス周期)と大きな値に設定されている。このために、1回の短絡の発生による溶接電圧の平均値の変化は小さな値となるので、ベース期間Tbの変化は小さい。したがって、パルス周期Tfの変化も小さい。
【0009】
時刻t1〜t3のパルス周期Tf中の溶融量Ms1[mm]は、上記(1)式に基づいて下式によって算出することができる。
Ms1=(α・Iaa1+β・L・Iwa1・Iwa1)・Tf …(2)式
但し、アーク電流平均値Iaa1及び溶接電流平均値Iwa1はパルス周期Tf中の平均値である。
【0010】
ここで、パルス周期Tf中に短絡が発生しなかった場合を想定すると、短絡期間Ts中はベース電流設定値Ibrに相当するベース電流Ibが通電する。このときのアーク電流平均値をIaa2とし、溶接電流平均値をIwa2とし、上述したように短絡の有無によってもパルス周期Tfは略等しいとすると、溶融量Ms2は下式で算出することができる。
Ms2=(α・Iaa2+β・L・Iwa2・Iwa2)・Tf …(3)式
【0011】
短絡が発生しなかった想定のときに、アーク長は適正値に維持されていたとすると、パルス周期Tf中の送給量Ws2[mm]=Ms2が成立する。したがって、短絡発生時の溶融量Ms1=Ms2となれば短絡が発生してもアーク長は変動せず適正値に維持することができることになる。ここで、溶融量変動値ΔMs=Ms1−Ms2とする。また、短絡電流Isとベース電流Ibとの差は大きくないために、短絡有無による溶接電流平均値Iwa1=Iwa2とみなすことができるので、溶融量変動値ΔMsは上記(2)式から上記(3)式を減算して下式となる。
ΔMs=α・Tf・(Iaa1−Iaa2)
【0012】
ここで、
Iaa1=(Tp・Ip+(Tb−Ts)・Ib)/Tf
Iaa2=(Tp・Ip+Tb・Ib)/Tf
であるので、上式に代入すると下式となる。
ΔMs=−1・α・Ts・Ib=−1・α・Sb …(4)式
但し、ベース短絡積分値Sb=Ts・Ibである。したがって、短絡が発生すると、パルス周期Tf中の溶融量がΔMs変動してアーク長はΔMs[mm]短くなる。
【0013】
図8は、ピーク期間Tp中に短絡が発生したときの上記の図7と同様の電圧・電流波形図である。時刻t11〜t12の短絡期間Ts中、同図(B)に示すように、短絡電流Isが通電する。この場合の溶融量変動値ΔMsは上記(4)式と同様にして算出されて下式となる。
ΔMs=−1・α・Ts・Ip=−1・α・Sp …(5)式
但し、ピーク短絡積分値Sp=Ts・Ipである。したがって、短絡が発生すると、パルス周期Tf中の溶融量がΔMs変動してアーク長はΔMs[mm]短くなる。
【0014】
次に、従来技術2では、パルスアーク溶接の場合ではないが炭酸ガスアーク溶接において、溶接ワイヤと母材との短絡が解除されてアークが再発生したタイミングで溶接電流を増大させて、比較的高レベルの電流値に保持し、続いて溶接ワイヤと母材とが短絡するまで溶接電流を比較的低レベルの電流値に保持する溶接電流制御方法が開示されている(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
【0015】
従来技術2では、上記の高レベルの溶接電流(アーク電流)の通電によって溶接ワイヤを溶融して、1回の短絡移行に伴う溶滴を形成する。これに続く低レベルの溶接電流(アーク電流)の通電はアーク力を弱めて短絡に導くためであり、溶接ワイヤの溶融にはほとんど寄与しない(寄与しないような値に設定される)。したがって、高レベルの溶接電流の通電期間は、直前の短絡期間の長さとは関係なく1回の溶滴移行量によって決定される。すなわち、送給速度が決まればそれに対応する1回の溶滴移行量(溶融量)が決まるので、高レベルの溶接電流値及び通電期間が定まる。
【0016】
【特許文献1 】
特許第2819607号公報
【特許文献2】
特公平4−4074号公報
【0017】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述したように、従来技術1では、短絡が発生すると上記(4)式及び(5)式に示すようにΔMsだけ溶融量が変動してアーク長がΔMs[mm]だけ短くなる方向に変動する。アーク長が変動して適正値から外れると、スパッタの発生量の増加、ビード外観の悪化、数十msを超える長期短絡の発生等によるアーク切れの発生等によって溶接品質が悪くなる。この問題は、適正アーク長がもともと短い高速溶接時に顕著である。また、溶接ワイヤの材質がアルミニウム、アルミニウム合金等のようにワイヤ抵抗値が低い材質の場合には、アーク熱による溶融への寄与度が高いために、同じ短絡期間に対する溶融量変動値ΔMsが大きくなりアーク長の変動幅も大きくなるので、上記の問題点が顕著となる。
【0018】
従来技術2では、短絡解除後に高レベルの溶接電流を通電するが、上述したように、この通電は短絡期間の長さと関係なく通電され、さらにこの通電によって1回の溶滴移行量の溶融を行う。しかし、パルスアーク溶接では、図7で上述したように、パルス周期Tfの全期間で1回の溶滴移行量を溶融する。したがって、従来技術2の溶接電流制御方法によっては、上記の従来技術1の問題を解決することはできない。
【0019】
そこで、本発明では、パルスアーク溶接中に短絡が発生してもそれに起因するアーク長の変動を抑制することができるパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法を提供する。
【0020】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の発明は、溶接ワイヤを母材に送給すると共に、ピーク期間中のピーク電流及びベース期間中のベース電流を通電するパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法において、
前記ベース期間中に前記溶接ワイヤと前記母材との短絡が発生したときは予め定めた短絡電流を通電すると共に、この短絡期間中の前記ベース電流の設定値を積分してベース短絡積分値を算出し、前記短絡が解除されてアークが再発生したときは前記ベース電流値に電流増加値を加算した溶融補償電流を予め定めた補償期間だけ通電し、その後は前記ベース電流の通電に戻し、前記電流増加値は前記ベース短絡積分値に予め定めた増幅率を乗じた値を前記補償期間で除算した値であることを特徴とするパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法である。
【0021】
請求項2の発明は、請求項1記載の溶融補償電流の通電を、再アークの発生から予め定めた遅延時間が経過した後から開始することを特徴とするパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法である。
【0022】
請求項3の発明は、溶接ワイヤを母材に送給すると共に、ピーク期間中のピーク電流及びベース期間中のベース電流を通電するパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法において、
前記ピーク期間中に前記溶接ワイヤと前記母材との短絡が発生したときは予め定めた短絡電流を通電すると共に、この短絡期間中の前記ピーク電流の設定値を積分してピーク短絡積分値を算出し、前記短絡が解除されてアークが再発生し前記ピーク期間が終了したときは前期ベース電流値に予め定めた電流増加値を加算した溶融補償電流を補償期間だけ通電し、その後は前記ベース電流の通電に戻し、前記補償期間は前記ピーク短絡積分値に予め定めた増幅率を乗じた値を前記電流増加値で除算した値であることを特徴とするパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法である。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して説明する。
[実施の形態1]
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における上述した図7に対応する電圧・電流波形図であり、同図(A)は溶接電圧Vwの波形であり、同図(B)は溶接電流Iwの波形である。以下、同図を参照して説明する。
【0024】
同図に示すように、ベース期間Tb中の時刻t21に短絡が発生したときは、短絡電流Isを通電すると共に、この短絡期間Ts中のベース電流の設定値Ibrを積分してベース短絡積分値Sbを算出する。その後、短絡が時刻t22に解除されてアークが再発生したときは、ベース電流値Ibに電流増加値Iuを加算した溶融補償電流Ihを予め定めた補償期間Thだけ通電し、その後の時刻t23からはベース電流Ibの通電に戻す。上記の電流増加値Iuは、上記のベース短絡積分値Sbに予め定めた増幅率Kを乗じた補償積分値Shを上記の補償期間Thで除算した値として短絡解除ごとに算出する。
【0025】
上記(4)式に示すように、ベース期間Tb中に短絡が発生すると、溶融量変動値ΔMs=−1・α・Ts・Ib=−1・α・Sbだけ溶融量が変動する。そこで、短絡期間Ts中においてベース電流Ibを設定するベース電流設定値Ibrを積分してベース短絡積分値Sb=∫Ibr・dt=Ts・Ibrを算出する。そして、短絡解除時点でこのベース短絡積分値Sbに予め定めた増幅率Kを乗じて補償積分値Sh=K・Sbを算出し、この補償積分値Shを予め定めた補償期間Thで除算して電流増加値Iu=Sh/Thを算出し、この電流増加値Iuをベース電流設定値Ibrに加算して溶融補償電流値Ihを算出する。続いて、この溶融補償電流Ihを補償期間Thの間だけ通電する。これによって、溶融量変動値ΔMsを短絡解除後に補償することになるので、アーク長は変動せず適正値を維持することができる。
【0026】
上記の増幅率Kを乗じる理由は、フィードバック制御の増幅率を調整して制御系の安定化を図るのと同様である。この増幅率Kは、溶接ワイヤの種類、シールドガスの種類等に応じて適正値に設定する。例えば、アルミニウムワイヤのときの値は0.6〜1.5程度であり、鉄鋼ワイヤのときの値は0.3〜1.0程度である。また、上記の補償期間Thは、0.2〜2ms程度が適正範囲である。この値があまり短いと電流増加値Iuが大きくなり過ぎる場合があり、逆にこの値があまり長いとベース期間中の補償が終了しない場合が生じ、どちらの場合もよくない。
【0027】
[実施の形態2]
図2は、本発明の実施の形態2における上述した図1に対応する電圧・電流波形図であり、同図(A)は溶接電圧Vwの波形であり、同図(B)は溶接電流Iwの波形である。以下、同図を参照して説明する。
【0028】
同図に示すように、溶融補償電流Ihの通電を、時刻t22の再アークの発生から予め定めた遅延時間Tdが経過した後の時刻t23から開始するパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法である。補償期間Th及び溶融補償電流Ihの値は実施の形態1と同様にして設定及び算出される。これによって、短絡に伴う溶融量の変動を補償することができ、アーク長の変動を抑制することができる。上記において、遅延時間Tdを設ける理由は、短絡解除直後に大電流値になることもある溶融補償電流Ihを通電すると、大粒のスパッタが発生する場合がときたまあるためである。この遅延時間Tdの値は、0.1〜2ms程度である。
【0029】
[実施の形態3]
図3は、本発明の実施の形態3における上述した図8に対応する電圧・電流波形図であり、同図(A)は溶接電圧Vwの波形であり、同図(B)は溶接電流Iwの波形である。以下、同図を参照して説明する。
【0030】
同図に示すように、ピーク期間Tp中に溶接ワイヤと母材との短絡が時刻t11に発生したときは、予め定めた短絡電流Isを通電すると共に、この短絡期間Ts中のピーク電流の設定値Iprを積分してピーク短絡積分値Spを算出する。短絡が時刻t12に解除されてアークが再発生し、時刻t12にピーク期間Tpが終了したときは、ベース電流値Ibに予め定めた電流増加値Iuを加算した溶融補償電流Ihを補償期間Thだけ通電し、その後の時刻t21はベース電流Ibの通電に戻す。そして、上記の補償期間Thは、上記のピーク短絡積分値Spに予め定めた増幅率Kを乗じた補償積分値Shを上記の電流増加値Iuで除算した値として短絡解除ごとに算出する。
【0031】
上記(5)式に示すように、ピーク期間Tp中に短絡が発生すると、溶融量変動値ΔMs=−1・α・Ts・Ip=−1・α・Spだけ溶融量が変動する。そこで、短絡期間Ts中においてピーク電流Ipを設定するピーク電流設定値Iprを積分してピーク短絡積分値Sp=∫Ipr・dt=Ts・Iprを算出する。そして、短絡解除時点でこのピーク短絡積分値Spに予め定めた増幅率Kを乗じて補償積分値Sh=K・Spを算出し、この補償積分値Shを予め定めた電流増加値Iuで除算して補償期間Th=Sh/Iuを算出する。そして、短絡が解除されてアークが再発生してピーク期間Tpが終了した後に、上記の電流増加値Iuをベース電流設定値Ibrに加算した溶融補償電流Ihを上記の補償期間Thの間だけ通電する。これによって、溶融量変動値ΔMsを短絡解除後に補償することになるので、アーク長は変動せず適正値を維持することができる。
【0032】
上記において、溶融補償電流Ihを実施の形態1〜2のときのように短絡解除の後に通電しないでピーク期間Tpが終了した後に通電する理由は、以下のとおりである。すなわち、ピーク期間Tp中のピーク電流値Ipは350〜600Aと大きな値であるために、これに電流増加値Iuを加算した溶融補償電流値Ihは場合によっては1000Aを超える値となる。通常、このような大きな値は溶接電源装置の最大出力範囲外になるために、出力することができない。さらに、700Aを超える溶融補償電流Ihを通電すると、溶滴及び溶融池の状態が不安定になることが多いために、溶接品質がかえって悪くなる。そして、ピーク期間Tpは通常数ms程度であるので、短絡解除からピーク期間Tpの終了までの時間(時刻t12〜t2)は数ms程度となり、結果的には短絡解除後に遅延時間を設ける実施の形態2とほぼ同様の動作となる。
【0033】
上記の増幅率Kは、上述した実施の形態1のときと同様にして適正値に設定される。また、上記の電流増加値Iuは、溶融補償電流値Ihがピーク電流値Ipよりもあまり大きな値にならないように設定される。
【0034】
[溶接電源装置]
図4は、上述した実施の形態1〜3を実施するための溶接電源装置のブロック図である。以下、同図を参照して各回路について説明する。
【0035】
電源主回路PMCは、商用電源(3相200V等)を入力として、後述する電流誤差増幅信号Eiに従ってインバータ制御、サイリスタ位相制御等の出力制御によってアーク負荷に適した溶接電流Iw及び溶接電圧Vwを出力する。溶接ワイヤ1は、ワイヤ送給装置の送給ロール5の回転によって溶接トーチ4を通って送給されて、母材2との間でアーク3が発生する。
【0036】
電圧検出回路VDは、溶接電圧Vwを検出して電圧検出信号Vdを出力する。電圧平滑回路VAVは、上記の電圧検出信号Vdを平滑して電圧平均値信号Vavを出力する。電圧設定回路VRは、所望値の電圧設定信号Vrを出力する。電圧誤差増幅回路EVは、上記の電圧設定信号Vrと上記の電圧平均値信号Vavとの誤差を増幅して、電圧誤差増幅信号Evを出力する。V/F変換回路VFは、上記の電圧誤差増幅信号Evの値に応じて定まる周波数ごとに短時間Highレベルとなるパルス周期信号Ttfを出力する。ピーク期間タイマ回路TTPは、上記のパルス周期信号TtfがHighレベルに変化した時点から予め定めたピーク期間TpだけHighレベルとなるピーク期間信号Ttpを出力する。
【0037】
ピーク電流設定回路IPRは、所望値のピーク電流設定信号Iprを出力する。ベース電流設定回路IBRは、所望値のベース電流設定信号Ibrを出力する。切換回路SWは、上記のピーク期間信号Ttpを入力として、Highレベル(ピーク期間)のときには上記のピーク電流設定信号Iprを電流切換設定信号Iswとして出力し、Lowレベル(ベース期間)のときには上記のベース電流設定信号Ibrを電流切換設定信号Iswとして出力する。
【0038】
短絡判別回路SDは、上記の電圧検出信号Vdの値によって短絡を判別し、短絡期間中はHighレベルとなりそれ以外の期間中はLowレベルとなる短絡判別信号Sdを出力する。短絡積分値算出回路SSは、上記の短絡判別信号SdがHighレベル(短絡)のときに上記の電流切換設定信号Iswの値を積分して、短絡積分値信号Ssを出力する。ここで、ベース期間中に短絡が発生したときは、上記のピーク期間信号TtpはLowレベル(ベース期間)となっているので電流切換設定信号Isw=Ibrとなる。この結果、上記の短絡積分値信号Ssの値は、上記の(4)式の積分を行っていることになるので、ベース短絡積分値Sbとなる。同様にして、ピーク期間中に短絡が発生したときの上記の短絡積分値信号Ssの値は、上記の(5)式の算出値であるピーク短絡積分値Spとなる。
【0039】
実施の形態2の補償回路MHは、上記のピーク期間信号TtpがLowレベル(ベース期間)のときに上記の短絡判別信号SdがHighレベル(短絡)となったときは、上記の短絡積分値信号Ss、予め定めたベース短絡時の補償期間Tbh及び予め定めた増幅率Kによって電流増加信号Iu=Ss・K/Tbhを算出して、上記の短絡判別信号SdがLowレベル(アーク)に変化した時点から予め定めた遅延時間Tdが経過した時点から上記の補償期間Tbhだけ上記の電流増加信号Iuを出力する。実施の形態1の補償回路MHでは、上記の遅延時間Td=0とすればよい。また、実施の形態3の補償回路MHは、上記のピーク期間信号TtpがHighレベル(ピーク期間)のときに上記の短絡判別信号SdがHighレベル(短絡)となったときは、上記の短絡積分値信号Ss、予め定めたピーク短絡時の電流増加値Ipu及び予め定めた増幅率Kによって補償期間Th=Ss・K/Ipuを算出して、上記のピーク期間信号TtpがLowレベル(ベース期間)に変化した時点から上記の補償期間Thだけ電流増加信号Iu=Ipuを出力する。
【0040】
加算回路ADは、上記の電流切換設定信号Iswと上記の電流増加信号Iuとを加算して、電流制御設定信号Ircを出力する。電流検出回路IDは、溶接電流Iwを検出して電流検出信号Idを出力する。電流誤差増幅回路EIは、上記の電流制御設定信号Ircと上記の電流検出信号Idとの誤差を増幅して、電流誤差増幅信号Eiを出力する。
【0041】
ところで、一般的に、パルスアーク溶接には交流パルスアーク溶接も含まれる。図5は、交流パルスアーク溶接に上述した実施の形態1を適用したときの電流波形図である。交流パルスアーク溶接では、ベース期間Tbの一部の期間の電極極性を反転させて電極マイナス期間Tenとし、電極マイナス電流Ienを通電する。
【0042】
電極マイナス期間Ten中の時刻t21〜t22の間、短絡が発生すると、短絡期間Ts中の電極マイナス電流Ienの設定値を積分して電極マイナス短絡積分値Seを算出する。時刻t22に短絡が解除されると、この電極マイナス短絡積分値Seに予め定めた増幅率Kを乗じて補償積分値Shを算出し、予め定めた補償期間Thによって電流増加値Iu=Sh/Thを算出する。そして、補償期間Thの間溶融補償電流Ih=Ien+Iuを通電する。これによって、短絡に伴う溶融量の変動を補償することができるので、アーク長は変動せず適正値を維持することができる。上記のパルスアーク溶接の場合も、実施の形態1又は2に含まれている。
【0043】
[効果]
図6は、本発明の効果の一例を示すスパッタ発生量の比較図である。同図は、直径1.2mmのアルミニウム合金ワイヤを使用して、溶接電流平均値100A、溶接電圧平均値16VでMIGパルスアーク溶接を行い、本発明と従来技術とのスパッタ発生量を比較したものである。同図から明らかなように、従来技術では0.85g/minのスパッタが発生している。これに対して、本発明では、1/4以下の0.2g/minのスパッタ発生量に大幅に削減されている。これは、1秒間に数回〜数十回発生する短絡によってもアーク長がほとんど変動しないためである。
【0044】
【発明の効果】
請求項1又は3記載のパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法によれば、短絡の発生に伴う溶融量の変動を溶融補償電流を通電することによって補償することができるので、アーク長の変動が抑制されて良好な溶接品質を得ることができる。
【0045】
請求項2記載のパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法によれば、上記の効果に加えて、ベース期間中の短絡解除直後の溶融補償電流の通電開始を遅延させることによって、短絡解除直後のスパッタの発生を抑制することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態1に係る電圧・電流波形図である。
【図2】本発明の実施の形態2に係る電圧・電流波形図である。
【図3】本発明の実施の形態3に係る電圧・電流波形図である。
【図4】本発明を実施するための溶接電源装置のブロック図である。
【図5】実施の形態1を交流パルスアーク溶接に適用したときの電流波形図である。
【図6】本発明の効果の一例を示すスパッタ発生量の比較図である。
【図7】従来技術においてベース期間中に短絡が発生したときの電圧・電流波形図である。
【図8】従来技術においてピーク期間中に短絡が発生したときの電圧・電流波形図である。
【符号の説明】
1 溶接ワイヤ
2 母材
3 アーク
4 溶接トーチ
AD 加算回路
EI 電流誤差増幅回路
Ei 電流誤差増幅信号
EV 電圧誤差増幅回路
Ev 電圧誤差増幅信号
Iaa アーク電流平均値
Ib ベース電流
IBR ベース電流設定回路
Ibr ベース電流設定(値/信号)
ID 電流検出回路
Id 電流検出信号
Ien 電極マイナス電流
Ih 溶融補償電流
Ip ピーク電流
IPR ピーク電流設定回路
Ipr ピーク電流設定(値/信号)
Ipu ピーク短絡時の電流増加値
Irc 電流制御設定信号
Is 短絡電流
Isw 電流切換設定信号
Iu 電流増加(値/信号)
Iw 溶接電流
Iwa 溶接電流平均値
K 増幅率
MH 補償回路
Ms 溶融速度
PMC 電源主回路
Sb ベース短絡積分値
SD 短絡判別回路
Sd 短絡判別信号
Se 電極マイナス短絡積分値
Sh 補償積分値
Sp ピーク短絡積分値
SS 短絡積分値算出回路
Ss 短絡積分値信号
SW 切換回路
Tb ベース期間
Tbh ベース短絡時の補償期間
Td 遅延時間
Ten 電極マイナス期間
Tf パルス周期
Th 補償期間
Tp ピーク期間
Ts 短絡期間
Ttf パルス周期信号
TTP ピーク期間タイマ回路
Ttp ピーク期間信号
VAV 電圧平滑回路
Vav 溶接電圧平均値/電圧平均値信号
Vb ベース電圧
VD 電圧検出回路
Vd 電圧検出信号
VF V/F変換回路
Vp ピーク電圧
VR 電圧設定回路
Vr 電圧設定(値/信号)
Vw 溶接電圧
Ws 送給速度
α 係数
β 係数
ΔMs 溶融量変動値
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a welding current control method for consumable electrode type pulse arc welding, and in particular, compensates for fluctuations in the amount of wire melting caused by a short circuit between a welding wire and a base material, suppresses fluctuations in the arc length, and provides good welding quality. The present invention relates to a welding current control method for ensuring the welding current.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In consumable electrode arc welding, maintaining the arc length during welding at an appropriate value is important for obtaining good welding quality. The arc length is determined by a difference between a wire feeding speed Ws [mm / s] (hereinafter, referred to as a feeding speed) and a wire melting speed Ms [mm / s] (hereinafter, referred to as a melting speed). That is, the arc length does not change and remains constant when Ws = Ms, changes in a shorter direction when Ws> Ms, and changes in a longer direction when Ws <Ms. Therefore, when the feeding speed Ws is set, the arc length is determined by the melting speed Ms. It is known that the melting rate Ms is determined by the following equation.
Ms = α · Iaa + β · L · Iwa · Iwa (1)
Here, Iaa [A] is the average value of the arc current, Iwa [A] is the average value of the welding current including the arc current and the short-circuit current, L [mm] is the wire protrusion length, and α is A coefficient indicating the degree of contribution of the arc heat to the melting of the wire by the arc current, and β is a coefficient indicating the degree of contribution of the Joule heat to the melting of the wire by the welding current.
[0003]
Therefore, in the consumable electrode type arc welding, the arc length is detected by the average value Vav of the welding voltage Vw, and the welding current Iw is controlled so that the detected value becomes substantially equal to a predetermined voltage set value Vr. As shown in the above equation (1), the melting speed Ms changes to control the arc length. The above applies to pulse arc welding, which is one type of arc welding. Hereinafter, a welding current control method of pulse arc welding will be described as Conventional Technique 1 (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0004]
FIG. 7 is a voltage / current waveform diagram of the pulse arc welding. FIG. 7A shows the waveform of the welding voltage Vw, and FIG. 7B shows the waveform of the welding current Iw. Hereinafter, description will be made with reference to FIG.
[0005]
(1) Peak period Tp from time t1 to t2
During the peak period Tp, as shown in FIG. 3B, a peak current Ip corresponding to a predetermined peak current set value Ipr equal to or greater than the critical current value is applied to cause the welding wire to perform the spray transfer. As shown in A), a peak voltage Vp corresponding to the arc length is applied. The values of the peak period Tp and the peak current Ip are set to appropriate values in which a so-called one-pulse one-drop transfer is in a good droplet transfer state according to the type of the welding wire, the type of the shielding gas, and the like.
[0006]
(2) Base period Tb from time t2 to t3
During the base period Tb, as shown in FIG. 7B, a base current Ib corresponding to a base current set value Ibr of about several tens A smaller than the critical current value is supplied, and as shown in FIG. Thus, the base voltage Vb corresponding to the arc length is applied. The base period Tb is determined by feedback control such that the average value of the welding voltage Vw becomes substantially equal to the voltage set value. By controlling the base period Tb in this way, as described above, the average value of the welding current Iw (including the average value of the arc current) is changed to change the melting speed Ms, thereby controlling the arc length. .
[0007]
{Circle around (3)} Short circuit period Ts from time t21 to t22
When a short circuit occurs during the above-described base period Tb, the welding voltage Vw becomes a short circuit voltage value of about several volts as shown in FIG. 3A, and the short circuit is quickly released as shown in FIG. For this purpose, a predetermined short-circuit current Is is supplied to a value larger than the base current Ib.
[0008]
The welding is performed by repeating the pulse period Tf including the peak period Tp and the base period Tb. If a short circuit occurs during the pulse period Tf, the welding voltage during the short circuit period Ts changes to a short circuit voltage value, and thus the average value of the welding voltage changes. As described above, since the base period Tb is determined by performing feedback control on the average value of the welding voltage, the base period Tb changes when the average value of the welding voltage changes. However, usually, in order to secure the stability of the feedback control system, the time constant for calculating the average value of the welding voltage is set to a large value of several hundred ms (ten to several tens pulse periods). Therefore, the change in the average value of the welding voltage due to the occurrence of one short circuit is a small value, and the change in the base period Tb is small. Therefore, the change of the pulse period Tf is small.
[0009]
The melting amount Ms1 [mm] during the pulse period Tf from time t1 to t3 can be calculated by the following equation based on the above equation (1).
Ms1 = (α · Iaa1 + β · L · Iwa1 · Iwa1) · Tf (2)
However, the arc current average value Iaa1 and the welding current average value Iwa1 are average values during the pulse period Tf.
[0010]
Here, assuming that no short circuit occurs during the pulse period Tf, the base current Ib corresponding to the base current set value Ibr flows during the short circuit period Ts. Assuming that the average value of the arc current at this time is Iaa2, the average value of the welding current is Iwa2, and the pulse period Tf is substantially equal depending on the presence or absence of a short circuit as described above, the melting amount Ms2 can be calculated by the following equation.
Ms2 = (α · Iaa2 + β · L · Iwa2 · Iwa2) · Tf (3)
[0011]
Assuming that no short circuit has occurred, if the arc length is maintained at an appropriate value, the feed amount Ws2 [mm] = Ms2 is established during the pulse cycle Tf. Therefore, if the melting amount Ms1 = Ms2 at the time of occurrence of the short circuit, the arc length does not fluctuate even if the short circuit occurs, and can be maintained at an appropriate value. Here, it is assumed that the melting amount variation value ΔMs = Ms1−Ms2. Further, since the difference between the short-circuit current Is and the base current Ib is not large, it can be considered that the welding current average value Iwa1 = Iwa2 depending on the presence or absence of a short-circuit. ) Expression is subtracted to obtain the following expression.
ΔMs = α · Tf · (Iaa1-Iaa2)
[0012]
here,
Iaa1 = (Tp · Ip + (Tb−Ts) · Ib) / Tf
Iaa2 = (Tp · Ip + Tb · Ib) / Tf
Therefore, substituting into the above equation gives the following equation.
ΔMs = −1 · α · Ts · Ib = −1 · α · Sb (4)
However, the base short circuit integral value Sb = Ts · Ib. Therefore, when a short circuit occurs, the melting amount during the pulse period Tf fluctuates by ΔMs, and the arc length becomes shorter by ΔMs [mm].
[0013]
FIG. 8 is a voltage / current waveform diagram similar to FIG. 7 when a short circuit occurs during the peak period Tp. During the short-circuit period Ts from time t11 to t12, the short-circuit current Is flows as shown in FIG. In this case, the melting amount variation value ΔMs is calculated in the same manner as in the above equation (4), and becomes the following equation.
ΔMs = −1 · α · Ts · Ip = −1 · α · Sp (5)
However, the peak short-circuit integral value Sp = Ts · Ip. Therefore, when a short circuit occurs, the melting amount during the pulse period Tf fluctuates by ΔMs, and the arc length becomes shorter by ΔMs [mm].
[0014]
Next, in the prior art 2, although not in the case of pulse arc welding, in carbon dioxide gas arc welding, the welding current is increased at the timing when the short circuit between the welding wire and the base material is released and the arc is regenerated, so that the welding current is relatively high. A welding current control method has been disclosed in which a welding current is held at a relatively low level until the welding wire and the base material are short-circuited, and then the welding current is held at a relatively low level (for example, see Patent Document 2). .
[0015]
In the prior art 2, the welding wire is melted by the application of the high-level welding current (arc current) to form droplets associated with one short-circuit transition. Subsequent energization of a low level welding current (arc current) weakens the arc force and leads to a short circuit, and hardly contributes to the melting of the welding wire (set to a value that does not contribute). Therefore, the energizing period of the high level welding current is determined by one droplet transfer amount irrespective of the length of the immediately preceding short circuit period. That is, if the feeding speed is determined, the amount of one droplet transfer (melting amount) corresponding thereto is determined, so that a high-level welding current value and an energizing period are determined.
[0016]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 2819607
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-4074
[0017]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in the related art 1, when a short circuit occurs, as shown in the above equations (4) and (5), the melting amount fluctuates by ΔMs and the arc length fluctuates in a direction to shorten by ΔMs [mm]. . If the arc length fluctuates and deviates from an appropriate value, welding quality deteriorates due to an increase in the amount of spatter generated, deterioration of bead appearance, occurrence of arc breakage due to generation of a long-term short circuit exceeding several tens of ms, and the like. This problem is remarkable at the time of high-speed welding in which the proper arc length is originally short. Further, when the material of the welding wire is a material having a low wire resistance value such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, since the contribution to the melting by the arc heat is high, the melting amount variation ΔMs for the same short-circuit period is large. In other words, the fluctuation width of the arc length becomes large, so that the above-mentioned problem becomes remarkable.
[0018]
In the prior art 2, a high level welding current is applied after the short circuit is released. However, as described above, the current is applied regardless of the length of the short circuit period. Do. However, in pulse arc welding, as described above with reference to FIG. 7, one droplet transfer amount is melted during the entire period of the pulse cycle Tf. Therefore, the above-described problem of the related art 1 cannot be solved by the welding current control method of the related art 2.
[0019]
Therefore, the present invention provides a welding current control method for pulse arc welding that can suppress a change in arc length caused by a short circuit even when a short circuit occurs during pulse arc welding.
[0020]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 provides a welding current control method of pulse arc welding in which a welding wire is fed to a base material and a peak current during a peak period and a base current during a base period are supplied.
When a short circuit occurs between the welding wire and the base material during the base period, a predetermined short circuit current is applied, and a base short circuit integral value is integrated by integrating a set value of the base current during the short circuit period. Calculate, when the short circuit is released and the arc re-occurs, a fusion compensation current obtained by adding a current increase value to the base current value is supplied only for a predetermined compensation period, and thereafter, the operation is returned to the supply of the base current, The method according to claim 1, wherein the current increase value is a value obtained by dividing a value obtained by multiplying the base short circuit integral value by a predetermined amplification factor by the compensation period.
[0021]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a welding current control method for pulse arc welding, wherein the energization of the melting compensation current according to the first aspect is started after a predetermined delay time has elapsed from the occurrence of the re-arc. is there.
[0022]
The invention according to claim 3 is a welding current control method for pulse arc welding in which a welding wire is fed to a base material, and a peak current during a peak period and a base current during a base period are supplied.
When a short circuit occurs between the welding wire and the base material during the peak period, a predetermined short circuit current is supplied, and a peak short circuit integral value is obtained by integrating a set value of the peak current during the short circuit period. When the short circuit is released and the arc re-occurs and the peak period ends, a melt-compensation current obtained by adding a predetermined current increase value to the base current value is supplied only for the compensation period. The current is returned to conduction, and the compensation period is a welding current control method for pulse arc welding, wherein the peak short-circuit integral value is multiplied by a predetermined amplification factor and divided by the current increase value. is there.
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a voltage / current waveform diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 described above in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1 (A) is a waveform of welding voltage Vw, and FIG. 1 (B) is a welding current Iw. It is a waveform of. Hereinafter, description will be made with reference to FIG.
[0024]
As shown in the drawing, when a short circuit occurs at time t21 during the base period Tb, the short circuit current Is is supplied, and the base current set value Ibr during the short circuit period Ts is integrated to integrate the base short circuit integrated value. Sb is calculated. Thereafter, when the short circuit is released at time t22 and the arc re-occurs, the melting compensation current Ih obtained by adding the current increase value Iu to the base current value Ib is supplied for a predetermined compensation period Th, and thereafter, from time t23. Returns to the conduction of the base current Ib. The current increase value Iu is calculated every time a short circuit is released as a value obtained by dividing the compensation integral value Sh obtained by multiplying the base short circuit integral value Sb by a predetermined amplification factor K by the compensation period Th.
[0025]
As shown in the above equation (4), when a short circuit occurs during the base period Tb, the melting amount fluctuates by the melting amount fluctuation value ΔMs = −1 · α · Ts · Ib = −1 · α · Sb. Therefore, the base current set value Ibr for setting the base current Ib during the short circuit period Ts is integrated to calculate the base short circuit integrated value Sb = ∫Ibr · dt = Ts · Ibr. When the short circuit is released, the base short circuit integral value Sb is multiplied by a predetermined amplification factor K to calculate a compensation integral value Sh = K · Sb, and the compensation integral value Sh is divided by a predetermined compensation period Th. The current increase value Iu = Sh / Th is calculated, and the current increase value Iu is added to the base current set value Ibr to calculate the fusion compensation current value Ih. Subsequently, this melting compensation current Ih is supplied only during the compensation period Th. As a result, the melting amount fluctuation value ΔMs is compensated after the short circuit is released, so that the arc length can be maintained at an appropriate value without fluctuation.
[0026]
The reason for multiplying by the amplification factor K is similar to the case where the amplification factor of the feedback control is adjusted to stabilize the control system. The amplification factor K is set to an appropriate value according to the type of the welding wire, the type of the shielding gas, and the like. For example, the value for an aluminum wire is about 0.6 to 1.5, and the value for a steel wire is about 0.3 to 1.0. The appropriate range of the compensation period Th is about 0.2 to 2 ms. If this value is too short, the current increase value Iu may become too large, while if this value is too long, compensation during the base period may not be completed, and either case is not good.
[0027]
[Embodiment 2]
FIG. 2 is a voltage / current waveform diagram corresponding to FIG. 1 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 2 (A) shows a waveform of welding voltage Vw, and FIG. 2 (B) shows a welding current Iw. It is a waveform of. Hereinafter, description will be made with reference to FIG.
[0028]
As shown in the figure, this is a welding current control method of pulse arc welding in which energization of the melting compensation current Ih is started at time t23 after a predetermined delay time Td has elapsed from the occurrence of the re-arc at time t22. The values of the compensation period Th and the melting compensation current Ih are set and calculated in the same manner as in the first embodiment. This makes it possible to compensate for the variation in the amount of melting due to the short circuit, and to suppress the variation in the arc length. In the above description, the reason for providing the delay time Td is that when the melt compensation current Ih, which may have a large current value immediately after the release of the short circuit, is applied, large spatters sometimes occur. The value of the delay time Td is about 0.1 to 2 ms.
[0029]
[Embodiment 3]
FIG. 3 is a voltage / current waveform diagram corresponding to FIG. 8 described above in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 3A shows a waveform of welding voltage Vw, and FIG. 3B shows a welding current Iw. It is a waveform of. Hereinafter, description will be made with reference to FIG.
[0030]
As shown in the figure, when a short circuit between the welding wire and the base material occurs at the time t11 during the peak period Tp, a predetermined short circuit current Is is supplied, and the peak current during the short circuit period Ts is set. The value Ipr is integrated to calculate a peak short-circuit integration value Sp. When the short circuit is released at time t12 and the arc re-occurs, and the peak period Tp ends at time t12, the melting compensation current Ih obtained by adding the predetermined current increase value Iu to the base current value Ib is added for the compensation period Th. The power is supplied, and at the subsequent time t21, the control returns to the supply of the base current Ib. The compensation period Th is calculated every time a short circuit is released as a value obtained by dividing the compensation integral value Sh obtained by multiplying the peak short-circuit integral value Sp by a predetermined amplification factor K by the current increase value Iu.
[0031]
As shown in the above equation (5), when a short circuit occurs during the peak period Tp, the melting amount fluctuates by the melting amount fluctuation value ΔMs = −1 · α · Ts · Ip = −1 · α · Sp. Therefore, the peak current set value Ipr for setting the peak current Ip during the short-circuit period Ts is integrated to calculate the peak short-circuit integrated value Sp = pIpr · dt = Ts · Ipr. When the short circuit is released, the peak integral value Sp is multiplied by a predetermined amplification factor K to calculate a compensation integral value Sh = K · Sp, and the compensation integral value Sh is divided by a predetermined current increase value Iu. To calculate the compensation period Th = Sh / Iu. Then, after the short circuit is released and the arc re-occurs and the peak period Tp ends, the melting compensation current Ih obtained by adding the above current increase value Iu to the base current setting value Ibr is supplied only during the above compensation period Th. I do. As a result, the melting amount fluctuation value ΔMs is compensated after the short circuit is released, so that the arc length can be maintained at an appropriate value without fluctuation.
[0032]
In the above, the reason why the melting compensation current Ih is supplied after the peak period Tp is completed without supplying the current after the short circuit is released as in the first and second embodiments is as follows. That is, since the peak current value Ip during the peak period Tp is a large value of 350 to 600 A, the fusion compensation current value Ih obtained by adding the current increase value Iu to the peak current value Ip may exceed 1000 A in some cases. Usually, such a large value is out of the maximum output range of the welding power supply device and cannot be output. Furthermore, when a melting compensation current Ih exceeding 700 A is applied, the state of the droplet and the molten pool often becomes unstable, so that the welding quality is rather deteriorated. Since the peak period Tp is usually about several milliseconds, the time from the short circuit release to the end of the peak period Tp (time t12 to t2) is about several milliseconds. As a result, a delay time is provided after the short circuit is released. The operation is almost the same as in the second embodiment.
[0033]
The amplification factor K is set to an appropriate value in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The current increase value Iu is set such that the melting compensation current value Ih does not become much larger than the peak current value Ip.
[0034]
[Welding power supply]
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a welding power supply device for implementing the first to third embodiments. Hereinafter, each circuit will be described with reference to FIG.
[0035]
The power supply main circuit PMC receives a commercial power supply (three-phase 200 V or the like) as input and performs welding control Iw and welding voltage Vw suitable for an arc load by output control such as inverter control and thyristor phase control according to a current error amplification signal Ei described later. Output. The welding wire 1 is fed through the welding torch 4 by the rotation of the feeding roll 5 of the wire feeding device, and an arc 3 is generated between the welding wire 1 and the base material 2.
[0036]
Voltage detection circuit VD detects welding voltage Vw and outputs voltage detection signal Vd. The voltage smoothing circuit VAV smoothes the voltage detection signal Vd and outputs a voltage average value signal Vav. The voltage setting circuit VR outputs a voltage setting signal Vr of a desired value. The voltage error amplification circuit EV amplifies an error between the voltage setting signal Vr and the voltage average value signal Vav, and outputs a voltage error amplification signal Ev. The V / F conversion circuit VF outputs a pulse period signal Ttf that becomes a high level for a short time for each frequency determined according to the value of the voltage error amplification signal Ev. The peak period timer circuit TTP outputs a peak period signal Ttp which becomes High level for a predetermined peak period Tp from the time when the above-mentioned pulse period signal Ttf changes to High level.
[0037]
The peak current setting circuit IPR outputs a desired value of the peak current setting signal Ipr. Base current setting circuit IBR outputs a desired value of base current setting signal Ibr. The switching circuit SW receives the above-described peak period signal Ttp, outputs the above-described peak current setting signal Ipr as the current switching setting signal Isw when the level is high (peak period), and outputs the above-described peak current setting signal Isw when the level is low (base period). The base current setting signal Ibr is output as a current switching setting signal Isw.
[0038]
The short-circuit determination circuit SD determines a short-circuit based on the value of the voltage detection signal Vd, and outputs a short-circuit determination signal Sd having a high level during a short-circuit period and a low level during other periods. The short-circuit integration value calculation circuit SS integrates the value of the current switching setting signal Isw when the short-circuit determination signal Sd is at a high level (short-circuit), and outputs a short-circuit integration value signal Ss. Here, when a short circuit occurs during the base period, the above-described peak period signal Ttp is at the low level (base period), so that the current switching setting signal Isw = Ibr. As a result, the value of the short-circuit integration value signal Ss becomes the base short-circuit integration value Sb because the integration of the above equation (4) is performed. Similarly, the value of the short-circuit integral value signal Ss when a short-circuit occurs during the peak period becomes the peak short-circuit integral value Sp which is the value calculated by the above equation (5).
[0039]
The compensation circuit MH according to the second embodiment is configured such that when the short-circuit determination signal Sd is at a high level (short-circuit) when the peak-period signal Ttp is at a low level (base period), the short-circuit integration value signal is output. The current increase signal Iu = SsK / Tbh is calculated based on Ss, a predetermined base short-circuit compensation period Tbh, and a predetermined amplification factor K, and the short-circuit determination signal Sd changes to a low level (arc). The current increase signal Iu is output for the compensation period Tbh from the time when a predetermined delay time Td has elapsed from the time. In the compensation circuit MH of the first embodiment, the above-described delay time Td = 0 may be set. Further, the compensation circuit MH according to the third embodiment performs the short-circuit integration when the short-circuit determination signal Sd is at a high level (short-circuit) when the peak-period signal Ttp is at a high level (peak-period). The compensation period Th = Ss · K / Ipu is calculated based on the value signal Ss, the predetermined current increase value Ipu at the time of the peak short circuit, and the predetermined amplification factor K, and the above-described peak period signal Ttp is at the low level (base period). The current increase signal Iu = Ipu is output only for the above-described compensation period Th from the point in time when it changes to.
[0040]
The addition circuit AD adds the above-mentioned current switching setting signal Isw and the above-mentioned current increase signal Iu to output a current control setting signal Irc. The current detection circuit ID detects the welding current Iw and outputs a current detection signal Id. The current error amplifier EI amplifies an error between the current control setting signal Irc and the current detection signal Id, and outputs a current error amplified signal Ei.
[0041]
Incidentally, pulse arc welding generally includes AC pulse arc welding. FIG. 5 is a current waveform diagram when the first embodiment described above is applied to AC pulse arc welding. In the AC pulse arc welding, the polarity of the electrode in a part of the base period Tb is inverted to be the electrode minus period Ten, and the electrode minus current Ien is supplied.
[0042]
When a short circuit occurs between times t21 and t22 during the electrode minus period Ten, the set value of the electrode minus current Ien during the short circuit period Ts is integrated to calculate an electrode minus short circuit integral value Se. When the short circuit is released at time t22, the compensation integral value Sh is calculated by multiplying the electrode minus short circuit integral value Se by a predetermined amplification factor K, and the current increase value Iu = Sh / Th by the predetermined compensation period Th. Is calculated. Then, the melting compensation current Ih = Ien + Iu is supplied during the compensation period Th. This makes it possible to compensate for a change in the amount of melting due to a short circuit, and thus to maintain an appropriate value without changing the arc length. The above-described pulse arc welding is also included in the first or second embodiment.
[0043]
[effect]
FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram of the spatter generation amount showing an example of the effect of the present invention. The figure shows MIG pulse arc welding using an aluminum alloy wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm at an average welding current of 100 A and an average welding voltage of 16 V, and comparing the amount of spatter generated between the present invention and the prior art. It is. As is clear from the figure, 0.85 g / min of spatter is generated in the conventional technology. On the other hand, in the present invention, the spatter generation amount is reduced to 0.2 g / min or less, which is 1/4 or less. This is because the arc length hardly fluctuates even by a short circuit occurring several to several tens of times per second.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
According to the welding current control method of the pulse arc welding according to claim 1 or 2, the variation of the melting amount caused by the occurrence of the short circuit can be compensated by applying the melting compensation current, so that the variation of the arc length is suppressed. Good welding quality can be obtained.
[0045]
According to the welding current control method of the pulse arc welding according to claim 2, in addition to the above effects, by delaying the start of energization of the melting compensation current immediately after the short circuit is released during the base period, the spatter of the spatter immediately after the short circuit is released. Generation can be suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a voltage / current waveform diagram according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a voltage / current waveform diagram according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a voltage / current waveform diagram according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a welding power supply device for implementing the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a current waveform diagram when Embodiment 1 is applied to AC pulse arc welding.
FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram of the amount of generated spatter showing an example of the effect of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a voltage / current waveform diagram when a short circuit occurs during a base period in the related art.
FIG. 8 is a voltage / current waveform diagram when a short circuit occurs during a peak period in the related art.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 welding wire
2 Base material
3 arc
4 Welding torch
AD adder circuit
EI current error amplifier circuit
Ei Current error amplification signal
EV voltage error amplifier
Ev Voltage error amplification signal
Iaa Arc current average
Ib base current
IBR base current setting circuit
Ibr Base current setting (value / signal)
ID current detection circuit
Id current detection signal
Ien electrode negative current
Ih Melting compensation current
Ip peak current
IPR peak current setting circuit
Ipr Peak current setting (value / signal)
Ipu Current increase at peak short circuit
Irc current control setting signal
Is short circuit current
Isw current switching setting signal
Iu current increase (value / signal)
Iw welding current
Iwa welding current average
K amplification rate
MH compensation circuit
Ms melting rate
PMC power supply main circuit
Sb base short circuit integral value
SD short circuit detection circuit
Sd short circuit judgment signal
Se electrode minus short circuit integral value
Sh compensation integrated value
Sp Peak short circuit integral value
SS short circuit integral value calculation circuit
Ss short circuit integral value signal
SW switching circuit
Tb base period
Tbh Compensation period for base short circuit
Td delay time
Ten electrode minus period
Tf pulse period
Th compensation period
Tp peak period
Ts short circuit period
Ttf pulse period signal
TTP peak period timer circuit
Ttp peak period signal
VAV voltage smoothing circuit
Vav welding average voltage / average voltage signal
Vb base voltage
VD voltage detection circuit
Vd voltage detection signal
VF V / F conversion circuit
Vp peak voltage
VR voltage setting circuit
Vr voltage setting (value / signal)
Vw welding voltage
Ws feeding speed
α coefficient
β coefficient
ΔMs Melting amount fluctuation value

Claims (3)

溶接ワイヤを母材に送給すると共に、ピーク期間中のピーク電流及びベース期間中のベース電流を通電するパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法において、
前記ベース期間中に前記溶接ワイヤと前記母材との短絡が発生したときは予め定めた短絡電流を通電すると共に、この短絡期間中の前記ベース電流の設定値を積分してベース短絡積分値を算出し、前記短絡が解除されてアークが再発生したときは前記ベース電流値に電流増加値を加算した溶融補償電流を予め定めた補償期間だけ通電し、その後は前記ベース電流の通電に戻し、前記電流増加値は前記ベース短絡積分値に予め定めた増幅率を乗じた値を前記補償期間で除算した値であることを特徴とするパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法。
In the welding current control method of pulse arc welding to feed the welding wire to the base material, and to conduct the peak current during the peak period and the base current during the base period,
When a short circuit occurs between the welding wire and the base material during the base period, a predetermined short circuit current is applied, and a base short circuit integral value is integrated by integrating a set value of the base current during the short circuit period. Calculate, when the short circuit is released and the arc re-occurs, a fusion compensation current obtained by adding a current increase value to the base current value is supplied only for a predetermined compensation period, and thereafter, the operation is returned to the supply of the base current, The welding current control method for pulse arc welding, wherein the current increase value is a value obtained by dividing a value obtained by multiplying the base short circuit integral value by a predetermined amplification factor by the compensation period.
請求項1記載の溶融補償電流の通電を、再アークの発生から予め定めた遅延時間が経過した後から開始することを特徴とするパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法。2. The welding current control method for pulse arc welding according to claim 1, wherein the application of the melting compensation current according to claim 1 is started after a predetermined delay time has elapsed from the occurrence of re-arcing. 溶接ワイヤを母材に送給すると共に、ピーク期間中のピーク電流及びベース期間中のベース電流を通電するパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法において、
前記ピーク期間中に前記溶接ワイヤと前記母材との短絡が発生したときは予め定めた短絡電流を通電すると共に、この短絡期間中の前記ピーク電流の設定値を積分してピーク短絡積分値を算出し、前記短絡が解除されてアークが再発生し前記ピーク期間が終了したときは前期ベース電流値に予め定めた電流増加値を加算した溶融補償電流を補償期間だけ通電し、その後は前記ベース電流の通電に戻し、前記補償期間は前記ピーク短絡積分値に予め定めた増幅率を乗じた値を前記電流増加値で除算した値であることを特徴とするパルスアーク溶接の溶接電流制御方法。
In the welding current control method of pulse arc welding to feed the welding wire to the base material, and to conduct the peak current during the peak period and the base current during the base period,
When a short circuit occurs between the welding wire and the base material during the peak period, a predetermined short circuit current is supplied, and a peak short circuit integral value is obtained by integrating a set value of the peak current during the short circuit period. When the short circuit is released and the arc re-occurs and the peak period ends, a melt-compensation current obtained by adding a predetermined current increase value to the base current value is supplied only for the compensation period. The method of controlling the welding current in pulse arc welding, wherein the current is returned to the current, and the compensation period is a value obtained by dividing a value obtained by multiplying the peak short-circuit integral value by a predetermined amplification factor by the increased current value.
JP2002329587A 2002-11-13 2002-11-13 Welding current control method for pulse arc welding Expired - Fee Related JP4181384B2 (en)

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