JP2004150203A - Drain pipe and draining method - Google Patents

Drain pipe and draining method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004150203A
JP2004150203A JP2002318784A JP2002318784A JP2004150203A JP 2004150203 A JP2004150203 A JP 2004150203A JP 2002318784 A JP2002318784 A JP 2002318784A JP 2002318784 A JP2002318784 A JP 2002318784A JP 2004150203 A JP2004150203 A JP 2004150203A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
pipe
drain
drainage
drainage pipe
ground
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Granted
Application number
JP2002318784A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP3833165B2 (en
Inventor
Toshio Shimoda
下田利男
Naosuke Miyazawa
宮澤直助
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Taisei Corp
KFC Ltd
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Taisei Corp
KFC Ltd
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Priority to JP2002318784A priority Critical patent/JP3833165B2/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a drain pipe and a draining method, which enable the effective suppression of sump water without reference to geological conditions. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of holes 11 are opened in a short pipe 10, and filter members 13 are attached to the holes 11. The drain pipe 1 is constituted by adding the short pipes 10. At boring, a boring rod 20 is inserted into the drain pipe 1, and the drain pipe 1 is driven with the boring of natural ground 50 and installed in the natural ground 50. The boring rod 20 is recovered, and water of the natural ground 50, which passes through the filter members 13, is discharged from the inside of the drain pipe 1 to the back-end side of the drain pipe 1, so that draining can be performed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、地山の地下水位を下げるための水抜き管及び水抜き方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
トンネル掘削作業に際し、切羽前方の脆弱地山の崩落を防止したり、地山から湧水が予想される場合には地下水位を下げるために水抜き工が行われる。
水抜き工は、掘進に先立って切羽前方にボーリング孔を形成し、地中の水を抜く方法が広く知られている(例えば特許文献1、2参照)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−98882号公報(第2−3頁、図2)
【特許文献2】
特開2001−82074号公報(第3−4頁、図1−4)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の水抜き方法には次のような問題があった。
<イ>特に地質が砂層の場合、長尺なボーリングを行なうと途中で削孔できなくなったり、あるいは水抜きパイプの穴から湧水混じりの土砂が水抜きパイプ内に流れ込んで穴を塞ぎ、十分な湧水抑制効果が期待できない。
<ロ>また、水抜き作業を行うための導坑を先行させる必要があったり、切羽部分から掘進に先立って長尺な(30〜40メートル程度)ボーリング孔を形成していた。このため、煩雑で多大な労力を必要とし、その分工期が長くなるものであった。
【0005】
【発明の目的】
本発明は、以上の問題点を解決するためになされたもので、地質を問わずに効果的な湧水抑制を可能とした水抜き管及び水抜き方法を提供することを目的とする。
また、本発明は、簡便に水抜きを行なうことのできる水抜き管及び水抜き方法を提供することを目的とする。
本発明は、上記目的のうち少なくとも一つを達成するようにしたものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明の水抜き管は、短く分割した短尺管を継ぎ足してしてなる水抜き管であって、複数の短尺管と、前記短尺管に開口した複数の孔と、前記孔に配置したフィルタ部材とからなるものである。
【0007】
また、本発明は、地山の地下水位を下げるための水抜き方法において、前記した水抜き管を使用し、削孔時には、ビットを先端に備えた削孔ロッドを水抜き管に挿通し、前記ビットで地山を削孔しながら前記水抜き管を打設し、前記削孔ロッドを回収し、前記フィルタ部材を通過した地山の水を水抜き管内部から水抜き管後端側へ排出して行うものである。
【0008】
ここで、フィルタ部材を有することにより水抜き管内への土砂の流入を妨げ、水抜き管後端より吸引排水を行うことができる。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
【0010】
<イ>水抜き管(図1、図5)
水抜き管1は地山50からの湧水を抜き取るもので、短く分割した短尺管10を接続しながらトンネル3の掘削切羽前方の地山50に打設する。
この水抜き管1を地山50に打設していくには、後述するように水抜き管1の内部に削孔ロッド20を挿通して二重管削孔工具2を構成し、水抜き管1の先端から突出するビットによって地山50を削孔しながら行なう。
【0011】
<ロ>短尺管(図2、図3、図4)
短尺管10は、鋼管や、塩化ビニル管などからなり、例えば長さを3メートル程度、外径を80ミリメートル程度に形成してある。
短尺管10を複数本接続して所定長さの水抜き管1を構成するもので、本例では、この短尺管10を5本接続して15メートルの水抜き管1としている。
短尺管10には、径方向に複数の孔11を開口してある。本例では、短尺管10の周方向に、例えば90度毎に4個の孔11を開口してある(図4参照)。この孔11は軸方向にも等間隔に例えば9箇所にわたって開口してあり(図2参照)、1本の短尺管10には全部で36個の孔11が開口してある。
各孔11の短尺管外側から一回り大きな穴を所定深さまで開口して段部12を形成し、この段部12に孔11を塞ぐ形で円形状のフィルタ部材13を嵌め込む。フィルタ部材13の上から環状のワッシャ14を被せ、ワッシャ14を溶接などで段部12に固定してフィルタ部材13が孔11から外れないように取り付けてある(図3参照)。
なお、フィルタ部材13は、例えばスチールメッシュなどで構成することができる。
【0012】
短尺管10の両側にねじ部15を形成する。ねじ部15にカプラ16を取り付けて短尺管10を継ぎ足していくことができる。
あるいは、短尺管10の一端部の外周面に雄ねじを形成し、他端部の内周面に雌ねじを形成し、この雄ねじと雌ねじを螺合して短尺管10を継ぎ足してもよい。この場合はカプラ16を省略できる。
なお、ねじ部15にシリコンのコーティング材を塗布し、ねじ部15の止水性及び弛み止め効果をもたせるようにしてもよい。
【0013】
<ハ>水抜き管の使用形態(図1)
本発明では、水抜き管1を二重管削孔工具2の外管として使用するもので、前記したように地山50を削孔しながら水抜き管1を打設していく。
短尺管10の先端(水抜き管1の打設先端)にケーシングシュー23を介してリングビット22を装着してあり、先端にセンタービット21を装着した削孔ロッド20を水抜き管1内にセットして二重管削孔工具2を構成する。
セットした状態では、センタービット21がリングビット22と嵌合しており、削孔ロッド20の打撃力と回転力がセンタービット21を介してリングビット22にも伝達され、地山50の削孔と水抜き管1の打設を同時に行なう。
なお、リングビット22とケーシングシュー23は、互いに凹部と凸部とで係止し、打撃力は伝達するが、回転力は伝達しない構造となっており、水抜き管1が回転することはない。
リングビット22を水抜き管1の打設先端に装着することなく、削孔ロッド20にアダプターを介してセンタービット21とリングビット22を装着してもよい。
【0014】
次に、図1、図5、図6を参照して、水抜き管を使用して地山から水抜きを行う方法について説明する。
【0015】
<イ>水抜き管のセット
本発明は、ドリルジャンボ4で施工可能な二重管削孔方式によって、切羽前方の地山50を削孔しつつ水抜き管1を打設していく。
先ず、水抜き管1の打設先端に、ケーシングシュー23を介してリングビット22を装着する。
次にトンネル空間3に設置したドリルジャンボ4の削孔ロッド20に水抜き管1を嵌挿し、センタービット21にリングビット22を嵌合する。
なお、削孔ロッド20にアダプターを介してセンタービット21とリングビット22が装着されている場合は、アダプターに水抜き管1の打設先端を係合する。
【0016】
<ロ>水抜き管の打設
ドリルジャンボ4を駆動し、削孔ロッド20からの回転力と打撃力によりセンタービット21及びリングビット22で地山50を削孔する。
水抜き管1がリングビット22に係合しているので、水抜き管1は削孔の進行に伴って牽引されながら打設されていく。
水抜き管1の打設が進行し、その全長が打設される前に水抜き管1の後端に次の短尺管10、削孔ロッド20を接続する。
このようにして短尺管10、削孔ロッド20を順次継ぎ足しながら次の水抜き管を打設する切羽位置51に至るまで(本例では15メートル)削孔すると同時に水抜き管1を打設していく。
その後、削孔ロッド20とセンタービット21を引き抜いて回収し、水抜き管1を地山50に設置する。なお、リングビット22とケーシングシュー23はそのまま残置する。
【0017】
<ハ>水抜き管による水抜き
フィルタ部材13から孔11を通して周囲の地山50内の地下水を引き抜いて地下水位を下げ(図6参照)、これから掘削するトンネル前方地山30の地山領域の湧水を抑制する。フィルタ部材13を有することにより水抜き管1内への土砂の流入を妨げ、水抜き管1後端より吸引排水を行うことができる。
対象地山50が火山灰質砂層であっても、フィルタ部材13を介して孔11から砂を除く水だけが水抜き管1内に取り込まれ、孔11及び水抜き管1内が水混じり土砂によって塞がることがなく、確実に水抜きを行なうことができる。
このように掘削予定のトンネル前方地山30の水位を、次の水抜き管打設切羽51までの限定した範囲を湧水抑制した状態にし、この状態でトンネル前方地山30をトンネル掘削機械(図示せず)で掘削していく。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上のようになるため、つぎのような効果を得ることができる。
<イ>対象地山が火山灰質砂層であっても、フィルタ部材を介して孔から砂を除く水だけを水抜き管内に取り込むことができ、地質を問わずに効果的な湧水抑制が可能となる。
<ロ>二重管削孔工具の外管として使用できるので、専用機が不要であり、ドリルジャンボでの施工が可能で簡便に水抜きを行なうことができる。
<ハ>吸引排水も可能のため効果的に湧水抑制が行なわれるので、安全かつ効率よくトンネル掘削作業を行うことができる。
<ニ>短尺であるため削孔が容易で、従来のように途中で削孔できなくなることがない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】一部を断面した水抜き管の側面図。
【図2】短尺管の側面図。
【図3】短尺管の孔の断面図。
【図4】短尺管の断面図。
【図5】水抜きの状態を示す説明図。
【図6】トンネル断面を示す説明図。
【符号の説明】
1・・・・水抜き管
10・・・短尺管
11・・・孔
12・・・段部
13・・・フィルタ部材
14・・・ワッシャ
15・・・ねじ部
2・・・・二重管削孔工具
20・・・削孔ロッド
21・・・センタービット(またはアダプター)
22・・・リングビット
3・・・・トンネル
50・・・地山
51・・・次の水抜き管打設切羽
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a drainage pipe and a drainage method for lowering the groundwater level of a ground.
[0002]
[Prior art]
During tunnel excavation work, drainage is performed to prevent the collapse of the fragile ground in front of the face and to lower the groundwater level when spring water is expected from the ground.
As a draining method, a method of forming a borehole in front of a face prior to excavation to drain underground water is widely known (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-98882 A (page 2-3, FIG. 2)
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-82074 A (page 3-4, FIG. 1-4)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional draining method has the following problems.
<I> Especially when the geology is sandy layer, drilling cannot be performed on the way if long boring is performed, or earth and sand mixed with spring water flows into the drainage pipe from the hole of the drainage pipe, and the hole is closed. No spring water suppression effect can be expected.
<B> In addition, it is necessary to precede a shaft for draining work, or a long (about 30 to 40 meters) boring hole is formed from the face portion prior to excavation. For this reason, complicated and enormous labor is required, and the construction period is lengthened accordingly.
[0005]
[Object of the invention]
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a drainage pipe and a drainage method capable of effectively suppressing spring water regardless of geology.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a drain tube and a drain method that can easily drain water.
The present invention achieves at least one of the above objects.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the drainage pipe of the present invention is a drainage pipe obtained by adding short divided short pipes, a plurality of short pipes, and a plurality of holes opened in the short pipe. , And a filter member disposed in the hole.
[0007]
Further, the present invention provides a drainage method for lowering the groundwater level of a ground, using the drainage pipe described above, and, at the time of drilling, inserting a drilling rod provided with a bit at the tip into the drainage pipe, Drain the pipe while drilling the ground with the bit, collect the drilling rod, and remove the ground water that has passed through the filter member from the inside of the drain pipe to the rear end of the drain pipe. It is done by discharging.
[0008]
Here, by having the filter member, the inflow of earth and sand into the drainage pipe is prevented, and suction and drainage can be performed from the rear end of the drainage pipe.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0010]
<A> Drainage pipe (Fig. 1, Fig. 5)
The drain pipe 1 is for extracting spring water from the ground 50, and is poured into the ground 50 in front of the excavation face of the tunnel 3 while connecting the short pipe 10 divided into short pieces.
In order to drive the drainage pipe 1 into the ground 50, a double pipe drilling tool 2 is formed by inserting a drilling rod 20 into the drainage pipe 1 as described later. This is performed while drilling the ground 50 with a bit protruding from the tip of the pipe 1.
[0011]
<B> Short tube (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4)
The short tube 10 is formed of a steel tube, a vinyl chloride tube, or the like, and is formed to have a length of about 3 meters and an outer diameter of about 80 mm.
A plurality of short pipes 10 are connected to form a drain pipe 1 of a predetermined length. In this example, five short pipes 10 are connected to form a 15-meter drain pipe 1.
A plurality of holes 11 are opened in the short tube 10 in the radial direction. In this example, four holes 11 are opened in the circumferential direction of the short tube 10, for example, every 90 degrees (see FIG. 4). The holes 11 are also opened at equal intervals in the axial direction, for example, at nine locations (see FIG. 2). A single short tube 10 has a total of 36 holes 11.
A slightly larger hole is opened from the outside of the short pipe of each hole 11 to a predetermined depth to form a step portion 12, and a circular filter member 13 is fitted into the step portion 12 so as to close the hole 11. An annular washer 14 is placed over the filter member 13, and the washer 14 is fixed to the step 12 by welding or the like so that the filter member 13 does not come off the hole 11 (see FIG. 3).
In addition, the filter member 13 can be comprised with a steel mesh etc., for example.
[0012]
Screw portions 15 are formed on both sides of the short tube 10. The short tube 10 can be added by attaching the coupler 16 to the screw portion 15.
Alternatively, a male screw may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of one end of the short tube 10, and a female screw may be formed on the inner peripheral surface of the other end, and the male screw and the female screw may be screwed together to add the short tube 10. In this case, the coupler 16 can be omitted.
Note that a silicone coating material may be applied to the screw portion 15 so that the screw portion 15 has a water stopping and slack preventing effect.
[0013]
<C> Usage of drain tube (Fig. 1)
In the present invention, the drainage pipe 1 is used as the outer pipe of the double pipe drilling tool 2, and the drainage pipe 1 is cast while drilling the ground 50 as described above.
A ring bit 22 is attached to the tip of the short pipe 10 (the tip of the draining pipe 1) through a casing shoe 23, and the drilling rod 20 with the center bit 21 attached to the tip is inserted into the draining pipe 1. This is set to form the double pipe drilling tool 2.
In the set state, the center bit 21 is fitted with the ring bit 22, and the striking force and the rotating force of the drill rod 20 are also transmitted to the ring bit 22 via the center bit 21, and the drilling of the ground 50 is performed. And draining pipe 1 are simultaneously placed.
In addition, the ring bit 22 and the casing shoe 23 are locked with each other by the concave portion and the convex portion, and the striking force is transmitted, but the rotational force is not transmitted, so that the drain pipe 1 does not rotate. .
The center bit 21 and the ring bit 22 may be attached to the drilled rod 20 via an adapter without attaching the ring bit 22 to the tip of the drainage pipe 1.
[0014]
Next, a method of draining water from the ground using a drain pipe will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 5, and 6.
[0015]
<A> Drainage pipe setting In the present invention, the drainage pipe 1 is cast while drilling the ground 50 in front of the face by a double pipe drilling method that can be constructed with the drill jumbo 4.
First, the ring bit 22 is attached to the tip of the drainage pipe 1 via the casing shoe 23.
Next, the drainage pipe 1 is inserted into the drilling rod 20 of the drill jumbo 4 installed in the tunnel space 3, and the ring bit 22 is inserted into the center bit 21.
When the center bit 21 and the ring bit 22 are attached to the drilling rod 20 via an adapter, the driving tip of the drainage pipe 1 is engaged with the adapter.
[0016]
<B> Driving of the drainage pipe The drill jumbo 4 is driven, and the ground bite 50 is drilled by the center bit 21 and the ring bit 22 by the rotating force and the striking force from the drilling rod 20.
Since the drain tube 1 is engaged with the ring bit 22, the drain tube 1 is driven while being pulled as the drilling proceeds.
The installation of the drainage pipe 1 proceeds, and the next short pipe 10 and the drilling rod 20 are connected to the rear end of the drainage pipe 1 before the entire length of the drainage pipe 1 is installed.
In this way, the short pipe 10 and the drilling rod 20 are successively added, and drilling is performed at the same time as the drilling position 51 (in this example, 15 meters) until the next drainage pipe is drilled while the drainage pipe 1 is drilled. To go.
Thereafter, the drilling rod 20 and the center bit 21 are pulled out and collected, and the drainage pipe 1 is installed on the ground 50. Note that the ring bit 22 and the casing shoe 23 are left as they are.
[0017]
<C> The groundwater in the surrounding ground 50 is pulled out from the drain filter member 13 by the drain pipe through the hole 11 to lower the groundwater level (see FIG. 6). Suppress spring water. By having the filter member 13, inflow of earth and sand into the drainage pipe 1 can be prevented, and suction and drainage can be performed from the rear end of the drainage pipe 1.
Even if the target ground 50 is a volcanic ash layer, only the water excluding the sand from the hole 11 through the filter member 13 is taken into the drain pipe 1, and the hole 11 and the drain pipe 1 are mixed with water and sediment. It is possible to reliably drain the water without blocking.
In this way, the water level of the ground 30 in front of the tunnel to be excavated is set to a state in which the limited area up to the next drainage casting face 51 is suppressed from springing, and in this state, the ground 30 in front of the tunnel is removed by the tunnel excavator ( (Not shown).
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
<A> Even if the target ground is a volcanic ash layer, only water except sand from the holes can be taken into the drainage pipe through the filter member, enabling effective suppression of spring water regardless of geology It becomes.
<B> Since it can be used as an outer pipe of a double pipe drilling tool, a dedicated machine is not required, and it is possible to perform construction with a drill jumbo and to easily drain water.
<C> Since the suction drainage is also possible, the spring water is effectively suppressed, so that the tunnel excavation work can be performed safely and efficiently.
<D> Since the hole is short, drilling is easy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a drain pipe partially sectioned.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a short tube.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a hole in a short tube.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a short tube.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a state of drainage.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a cross section of a tunnel.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Drainage pipe 10 ... Short pipe 11 ... Hole 12 ... Step 13 ... Filter member 14 ... Washer 15 ... Screw part 2 ... Double pipe Drilling tool 20 Drilling rod 21 Center bit (or adapter)
22: Ring bit 3: Tunnel 50: Ground 51: Next draining pipe casting face

Claims (3)

短く分割した短尺管を継ぎ足ししてなる水抜き管であって、
複数の短尺管と、
前記短尺管に開口した複数の孔と、
前記孔に配置したフィルタ部材と、からなる、
水抜き管。
A drain tube made by adding short tubes that have been split short,
A plurality of short tubes,
A plurality of holes opened in the short tube,
And a filter member arranged in the hole,
Drain tube.
地山の地下水位を下げるための水抜き方法において、
請求項1に記載する水抜き管を使用し、
削孔時には、ビットを先端に備えた削孔ロッドを水抜き管に挿通し、
前記ビットで地山を削孔しながら前記水抜き管を打設し、
前記削孔ロッドを回収し、
前記フィルタ部材を通過した地山の水を水抜き管内部から水抜き管後端側へ排出して行う、
水抜き方法。
In the drainage method to lower the groundwater level of the ground,
Using the drainage pipe according to claim 1,
At the time of drilling, insert a drilling rod with a bit at the tip into the drain tube,
Casting the drainage pipe while drilling the ground with the bit,
Collecting the drilling rod,
Performing by discharging the ground water passing through the filter member from the inside of the drainage pipe to the drainage pipe rear end side,
How to drain.
請求項2に記載する水抜き方法において、フィルタ部材を有することにより水抜き管内への土砂の流入を妨げ、水抜き管後端より吸引排水を可能とする、水抜き方法。3. The draining method according to claim 2, wherein the filter member has a filter member to prevent inflow of earth and sand into the drain pipe, thereby enabling suction and drainage from the rear end of the drain pipe.
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008255685A (en) * 2007-04-05 2008-10-23 Kajima Corp Drain pipe embedding method
KR100865579B1 (en) 2007-03-30 2008-10-28 한국지질자원연구원 Assembling-type drain device for hydraulic pressure reducing
JP2009013694A (en) * 2007-07-05 2009-01-22 Japan Railway Construction Transport & Technology Agency Pipe set for drainage and construction method for drainage
JP2010001675A (en) * 2008-06-20 2010-01-07 Kajima Corp Drain pipe and drain pipe burying method
JP2010001672A (en) * 2008-06-20 2010-01-07 Kajima Corp Dust scatter preventing apparatus for pipe, and dust scatter preventing method in pipe cleaning work
JP2011080244A (en) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-21 Maeda Corp Method of draining and drain pipe
CN106436727A (en) * 2016-09-27 2017-02-22 中铁五局集团有限公司 Extreme geological tunnel portal construction method

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100865579B1 (en) 2007-03-30 2008-10-28 한국지질자원연구원 Assembling-type drain device for hydraulic pressure reducing
JP2008255685A (en) * 2007-04-05 2008-10-23 Kajima Corp Drain pipe embedding method
JP2009013694A (en) * 2007-07-05 2009-01-22 Japan Railway Construction Transport & Technology Agency Pipe set for drainage and construction method for drainage
JP2010001675A (en) * 2008-06-20 2010-01-07 Kajima Corp Drain pipe and drain pipe burying method
JP2010001672A (en) * 2008-06-20 2010-01-07 Kajima Corp Dust scatter preventing apparatus for pipe, and dust scatter preventing method in pipe cleaning work
JP2011080244A (en) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-21 Maeda Corp Method of draining and drain pipe
CN106436727A (en) * 2016-09-27 2017-02-22 中铁五局集团有限公司 Extreme geological tunnel portal construction method

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