JP2004149779A - Poly(arylene ether) compound, composition containing the same and method for producing them - Google Patents
Poly(arylene ether) compound, composition containing the same and method for producing them Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2004149779A JP2004149779A JP2003348477A JP2003348477A JP2004149779A JP 2004149779 A JP2004149779 A JP 2004149779A JP 2003348477 A JP2003348477 A JP 2003348477A JP 2003348477 A JP2003348477 A JP 2003348477A JP 2004149779 A JP2004149779 A JP 2004149779A
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- general formula
- polyarylene ether
- group
- ion conductive
- Prior art date
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- -1 Poly(arylene ether Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical class C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 42
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KGKGSIUWJCAFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichlorothiobenzamide Chemical compound NC(=S)C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl KGKGSIUWJCAFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- YOYAIZYFCNQIRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1C#N YOYAIZYFCNQIRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000090 poly(aryl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRUHREVRSOOQJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichlorobenzonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C#N)C(Cl)=C1 GRUHREVRSOOQJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LJFDXXUKKMEQKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-difluorobenzonitrile Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C#N)C(F)=C1 LJFDXXUKKMEQKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 Cc1ccc(*c(cc2*)ccc2O[Al]OC)cc1* Chemical compound Cc1ccc(*c(cc2*)ccc2O[Al]OC)cc1* 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000110 poly(aryl ether sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONUFSRWQCKNVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)benzene Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ONUFSRWQCKNVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLVUIVUKKJTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PLVUIVUKKJTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNBRIFIJRKJGEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1C#N BNBRIFIJRKJGEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKSBPFMNOJWYSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentane Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(CC)(CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RKSBPFMNOJWYSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXNYJUSEXLAVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RXNYJUSEXLAVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKISUZLXOYGIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OKISUZLXOYGIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSQARZALBDFYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LSQARZALBDFYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AZZWZMUXHALBCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 AZZWZMUXHALBCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BATCUENAARTUKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-diphenylmethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BATCUENAARTUKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSSGMIIGVQRGDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RSSGMIIGVQRGDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWFPGFJLYRKYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 YWFPGFJLYRKYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HTVITOHKHWFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol B Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HTVITOHKHWFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMEDZFUESWNTJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cccc(CO[AlH]OC)c1C#N Chemical compound Cc1cccc(CO[AlH]OC)c1C#N RMEDZFUESWNTJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical group OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
本発明は、高分子電解質膜として有用なスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound useful as a polymer electrolyte membrane.
液体電解質のかわりに高分子固体電解質をイオン伝導体として用いる電気化学的装置の例として、水電解槽や燃料電池を上げることができる。これらに用いられる高分子膜は、カチオン交換膜としてプロトン導電率とともに化学的、熱的、電気化学的および力学的に十分安定なものでなくてはならない。このため、長期にわたり使用できるものとしては、主に米デュポン社製の「ナフィオン（Ｒ）」を代表例とするパーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸膜が使用されてきた。しかしながら、ナフィオン膜を１００℃を越える条件で運転しようとすると、膜の含水率が急激に落ちるほか、膜の軟化も顕著となる。このため、将来が期待されるメタノールを燃料とする燃料電池においては、膜内のメタノール透過による性能低下がおこり、十分な性能を発揮することはできない。また、現在主に検討されている水素を燃料として８０℃付近で運転する燃料電池においても、膜のコストが高すぎることが燃料電池技術の確立の障害として指摘されている。 As an example of an electrochemical device using a polymer solid electrolyte as an ionic conductor instead of a liquid electrolyte, a water electrolyzer and a fuel cell can be raised. The polymer membrane used for these must be sufficiently stable chemically, thermally, electrochemically and mechanically with proton conductivity as a cation exchange membrane. For this reason, as a thing which can be used for a long period of time, the perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane which made the representative example "Nafion (R)" by DuPont of the United States mainly has been used. However, if the Nafion membrane is operated under conditions exceeding 100 ° C., the moisture content of the membrane drops rapidly and the membrane softens significantly. For this reason, in a fuel cell that uses methanol as a fuel, which is expected in the future, the performance is deteriorated due to the permeation of methanol in the membrane, so that sufficient performance cannot be exhibited. Further, even in a fuel cell that is currently studied mainly using hydrogen as a fuel and operated at around 80 ° C., it is pointed out that the cost of the membrane is too high as an obstacle to the establishment of fuel cell technology.
このような欠点を克服するため、非フッ素系芳香族環含有ポリマーにスルホン酸基を導入した高分子電解質膜が種々検討されている。ポリマー骨格としては、耐熱性や化学的安定性を考慮すると、芳香族ポリアリーレンエーテルケトン類や芳香族ポリアリーレンエーテルスルホン類などの、芳香族ポリアリーレンエーテル化合物を有望な構造としてとらえることができ、ポリアリールエーテルスルホンをスルホン化したもの（例えば、非特許文献１参照。）、ポリエーテルエーテルケトンをスルホン化したもの（例えば、特許文献１参照。）、スルホン化ポリスチレン等が報告されている。しかしながら、これらのポリマーのスルホン化反応により芳香環上に導入されたスルホン酸基は一般に熱により脱離しやすい傾向にあり、これを改善する方法として電子吸引性芳香環上にスルホン酸基を導入したモノマーを用いて重合することで、熱的に安定性の高いスルホン化ポリアリールエーテルスルホン系化合物が報告されている（例えば、特許文献２参照。）。この場合、モノマーの反応性が低いために、ポリマーを得るのに長時間の重合を必要とする問題が生じている（例えば、非特許文献２参照）。
本発明の目的は、重合性が良好であるとともに高分子電解質膜として有用なスルホン酸基を導入したポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物により、耐熱性、加工性、イオン伝導性にすぐれた、特にイオン伝導膜として有用な高分子材料を得ることにある。 The object of the present invention is to improve the heat resistance, workability, and ion conductivity, particularly the ion conductive membrane, by the polyarylene ether compound having a good polymerizability and a sulfonic acid group useful as a polymer electrolyte membrane. It is to obtain a useful polymer material.
本発明者らは鋭意研究を重ねた結果、芳香環上にスルホン酸を導入したモノマーとともに反応性の高い特定のモノマーを併用して合成したポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物により、上記目的が達成されることを見いだすに至った。 As a result of intensive research, the present inventors have achieved the above object by using a polyarylene ether compound synthesized by combining a monomer having a sulfonic acid introduced onto an aromatic ring and a specific monomer having high reactivity. I came to find.
本発明は、一般式（１）とともに一般式（２）で示される構成成分を含むことを特徴とするポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物を提供する。 This invention provides the polyarylene ether type compound characterized by including the structural component shown by General formula (2) with General formula (1).
ただし、Ａｒは２価の芳香族基、Ｙはスルホン基またはケトン基、ＸはＨまたは１価のカチオン種を示す。 Here, Ar represents a divalent aromatic group, Y represents a sulfone group or a ketone group, and X represents H or a monovalent cation species.
ただし、Ａｒ’は２価の芳香族基を示す。 However, Ar 'shows a bivalent aromatic group.
本発明はまた、一般式（１）とともに一般式（３）で示される構成成分を含むことを特徴とするポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物を提供する。 The present invention also provides a polyarylene ether-based compound characterized by including a component represented by the general formula (3) together with the general formula (1).
ただし、Ａｒは２価の芳香族基、Ｙはスルホン基またはケトン基、ＸはＨまたは１価のカチオン種を示す。 Here, Ar represents a divalent aromatic group, Y represents a sulfone group or a ketone group, and X represents H or a monovalent cation species.
ただし、Ａｒ’は２価の芳香族基を示す。 However, Ar 'shows a bivalent aromatic group.
好ましくは、スルホン酸基含有量が、０．３〜３．５ｍｅｑ／ｇの範囲にある。 Preferably, the sulfonic acid group content is in the range of 0.3 to 3.5 meq / g.
好ましくは、一般式（４）とともに一般式（５）で示される構成成分を含む。 Preferably, the structural component shown by General formula (5) is included with General formula (4).
ただし、ＸはＨまたは１価のカチオン種を示す。 X represents H or a monovalent cation species.
本発明はまた、上記いずれかに記載のポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物を５０〜１００質量％含むことを特徴とする組成物を提供する。 The present invention also provides a composition comprising 50 to 100% by mass of any of the polyarylene ether compounds described above.
本発明はまた、上記いずれかに記載の化合物を含有することを特徴とするイオン伝導膜を提供する。 The present invention also provides an ion conductive membrane comprising any of the compounds described above.
好ましくは、本発明のイオン伝導膜は、平均厚さ５０μｍの膜を作製し、５Ｍメタノール水溶液を用いて２５℃で測定したメタノール透過速度が７ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｓｅｃ以下の値を示す。 Preferably, the ion-conducting membrane of the present invention is a membrane having an average thickness of 50 μm, and the methanol permeation rate measured at 25 ° C. using a 5 M aqueous methanol solution shows a value of 7 mmol / m 2 · sec or less.
本発明はまた、上記のイオン伝導膜と電極とを含有することを特徴とする複合体を提供する。 The present invention also provides a composite comprising the above ion conductive membrane and an electrode.
本発明はまた、上記の複合体を含有することを特徴とする燃料電池を提供する。 The present invention also provides a fuel cell comprising the above composite.
好ましくは、本発明の燃料電池は、メタノールを燃料として使用する。 Preferably, the fuel cell of the present invention uses methanol as the fuel.
本発明はまた、上記のポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物を含有することを特徴とする接着剤を提供する。 The present invention also provides an adhesive comprising the above polyarylene ether compound.
本発明はまた、一般式（６）および一般式（７）で表される化合物とビスフェノール系化合物とをモノマーとして含む芳香族求核置換反応により重合することを特徴とする上記に記載のポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物の製造方法を提供する。 The present invention also provides the polyarylene as described above, which is polymerized by an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction containing the compound represented by the general formula (6) and the general formula (7) and a bisphenol compound as monomers. A method for producing an ether compound is provided.
ただし、Ｙはスルホン基またはケトン基、Ｘは１価のカチオン種、Ｚは塩素またはフッ素を示す。 Y represents a sulfone group or a ketone group, X represents a monovalent cation species, and Z represents chlorine or fluorine.
本発明はまた、上記のポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物と、溶剤とを含有する溶液を、キャスト厚が１０〜１０００μｍの範囲となるようにキャストする工程と、キャストした溶液を乾燥させる工程とを含むことを特徴とする上記に記載のイオン伝導膜の製造方法を提供する。 The present invention also includes a step of casting a solution containing the above polyarylene ether compound and a solvent so that the cast thickness is in the range of 10 to 1000 μm, and a step of drying the cast solution. A method for producing the ion conductive membrane as described above is provided.
本発明のスルホン酸基含有芳香族ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物により、イオン伝導性だけでなく耐熱性、加工性および寸法安定性に優れた、燃料電池などの高分子電解質として際立った性能を示す材料を提供することができる。また、本発明のスルホン酸基含有芳香族ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物は、メタノール透過性が低いという特徴もあり、ダイレクトメタノール型燃料電池用の高分子電解質膜としても有用である。 With the sulfonic acid group-containing aromatic polyarylene ether compound of the present invention, a material exhibiting outstanding performance as a polymer electrolyte such as a fuel cell, which is excellent not only in ion conductivity but also in heat resistance, workability and dimensional stability. Can be provided. The sulfonic acid group-containing aromatic polyarylene ether compound of the present invention is also characterized by low methanol permeability and is useful as a polymer electrolyte membrane for a direct methanol fuel cell.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明は、芳香環上にスルホン酸を導入したポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物により、耐熱性、加工性、イオン伝導性にすぐれた、特にイオン伝導膜として有用な高分子材料を提供するものである。すなわち、電子吸引性の芳香環上にスルホン酸基を導入したモノマーとして、３，３’−ジスルホ−４，４‘−ジクロロジフェニルスルホン誘導体またはその類似化合物を用いてポリアリーレンエーテルを合成することにより、高温でもスルホン酸基が脱離しにくいポリマーを提供することができるとともに、３，３’−ジスルホ−４，４‘−ジクロロジフェニルスルホン誘導体またはその類似化合物とともに２，６−ジクロロベンゾニトリルまたはその類似化合物を併用していることにより、重合性の低い３，３’−ジスルホ−４，４‘−ジクロロジフェニルスルホン誘導体またはその類似化合物を使用していても短時間で高重合度のポリアリーレンエーテル化合物が得られる特徴も有している。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The present invention provides a polymer material excellent in heat resistance, processability, and ion conductivity, particularly useful as an ion conductive film, by a polyarylene ether compound in which a sulfonic acid is introduced onto an aromatic ring. That is, by synthesizing a polyarylene ether using a 3,3′-disulfo-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone derivative or a similar compound as a monomer having a sulfonic acid group introduced on an electron-withdrawing aromatic ring. In addition, it is possible to provide a polymer in which a sulfonic acid group is not easily removed even at a high temperature, and 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile or a similar compound together with a 3,3′-disulfo-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone derivative or a similar compound. A polyarylene ether compound having a high degree of polymerization in a short time even when a 3,3′-disulfo-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone derivative or a similar compound having a low polymerization property is used by using the compound in combination Is also obtained.
すなわち、本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物は、下記一般式（１）とともに一般式（２）で示される構成成分を含むことを特徴とする。 That is, the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether-based compound of the present invention is characterized in that it contains a structural component represented by the general formula (2) together with the following general formula (1).
ただし、Ａｒは２価の芳香族基、Ｙはスルホン基またはケトン基、ＸはＨまたは１価のカチオン種を示す。 Here, Ar represents a divalent aromatic group, Y represents a sulfone group or a ketone group, and X represents H or a monovalent cation species.
ただし、Ａｒ’は２価の芳香族基を示す。 However, Ar 'shows a bivalent aromatic group.
上記一般式（２）で示される構成成分は、下記一般式（３）で示される構成成分であることが好ましい。 The component represented by the general formula (2) is preferably a component represented by the following general formula (3).
ただし、Ａｒ’は２価の芳香族基を示す。 However, Ar 'shows a bivalent aromatic group.
また、本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合部においては上記一般式（１）および一般式（２）で示される以外の構造単位が含まれていてもかまわない。このとき、上記一般式（１）または一般式（２）で示される以外の構造単位は本発明のスルホン酸を導入したポリアリーレンエーテルの５０質量％以下であることが好ましい。５０質量％以下とすることにより、本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物の特性を活かした組成物とすることができる。 In addition, the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether-based compound part of the present invention may contain structural units other than those represented by the above general formula (1) and general formula (2). At this time, it is preferable that structural units other than those represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) are 50% by mass or less of the polyarylene ether introduced with the sulfonic acid of the present invention. By setting it as 50 mass% or less, it can be set as the composition which utilized the characteristic of the sulfonic acid group containing polyarylene ether type compound of this invention.
本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物としては、スルホン酸基含有量が０．３〜３．５ｍｅｑ／ｇの範囲にあることが好ましい。０．３ｍｅｑ／ｇよりも少ない場合には、イオン伝導膜として使用したときに十分なイオン伝導性を示さない傾向があり、３．５ｍｅｑ／ｇよりも大きい場合にはイオン伝導膜を高温高湿条件においた場合に膜膨潤が大きくなりすぎて使用に適さなくなる傾向がある。なお、スルホン酸基含有量は後述する滴定により求めることができる。より好ましくは１．０〜３．０ｍｅｑ／ｇである。 The sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound of the present invention preferably has a sulfonic acid group content in the range of 0.3 to 3.5 meq / g. When it is less than 0.3 meq / g, there is a tendency that sufficient ion conductivity is not exhibited when used as an ion conductive membrane, and when it is greater than 3.5 meq / g, the ion conductive membrane is not heated and humidified. When the conditions are met, membrane swelling tends to be too large to be suitable for use. In addition, sulfonic acid group content can be calculated | required by titration mentioned later. More preferably, it is 1.0-3.0 meq / g.
本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物としては、下記一般式（４）とともに一般式（５）で示される構成成分を含むものが特に好ましい。ビフェニレン構造を有していることにより高温高湿条件での寸法安定性に優れるとともに、フィルムの強靱性も高いものとなる。 As the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether-based compound of the present invention, a compound containing the structural component represented by the general formula (5) together with the following general formula (4) is particularly preferable. By having a biphenylene structure, the film has excellent dimensional stability under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, and also has high film toughness.
ただし、ＸはＨまたは１価のカチオン種を示す。 X represents H or a monovalent cation species.
本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物は、下記一般式（６）および一般式（７）で表される化合物をモノマーとして含む芳香族求核置換反応により重合することができる。一般式（６）で表される化合物の具体例としては、３，３’−ジスルホ−４，４’−ジクロロジフェニルスルホン、３，３’−ジスルホ−４，４’−ジフルオロジフェニルスルホン、３，３’−ジスルホ−４，４’−ジクロロジフェニルケトン、３，３’−ジスルホ−４，４’−ジフルオロジフェニルスルホン、およびそれらのスルホン酸基が１価カチオン種との塩になったもの等が挙げられる。１価カチオン種としては、ナトリウム、カリウムや他の金属種や各種アミン類等でも良く、これらに制限される訳ではない。一般式（７）で表される化合物としては、２，６−ジクロロベンゾニトリル、２，６−ジフルオロベンゾニトリル、２，４−ジクロロベンゾニトリル、２，４−ジフルオロベンゾニトリル、等を挙げることができる。 The sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound of the present invention can be polymerized by an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction containing compounds represented by the following general formulas (6) and (7) as monomers. Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (6) include 3,3′-disulfo-4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone, 3,3′-disulfo-4,4′-difluorodiphenyl sulfone, 3, 3'-disulfo-4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl ketone, 3,3'-disulfo-4,4'-difluorodiphenyl sulfone, and those whose sulfonic acid groups are converted to salts with monovalent cation species Can be mentioned. The monovalent cation species may be sodium, potassium, other metal species, various amines, or the like, but is not limited thereto. Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (7) include 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile, 2,4-dichlorobenzonitrile, 2,4-difluorobenzonitrile, and the like. it can.
ただし、Ｙはスルホン基またはケトン基、Ｘは１価のカチオン種、Ｚは塩素またはフッ素を示す。本発明において、上記２，６−ジクロロベンゾニトリルおよび２，４−ジクロロベンゾニトリルは、異性体の関係にあり、いずれを用いたとしても良好なイオン伝導性、耐熱性、加工性および寸法安定性を達成することができる。その理由としては両モノマーとも反応性に優れるとともに、小さな繰り返し単位を構成することで分子全体の構造をより硬いものとしていると考えられている。 Y represents a sulfone group or a ketone group, X represents a monovalent cation species, and Z represents chlorine or fluorine. In the present invention, the above 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile and 2,4-dichlorobenzonitrile are in an isomer relationship, and any of them is used, good ion conductivity, heat resistance, workability and dimensional stability. Can be achieved. The reason is considered that both monomers are excellent in reactivity and that the structure of the whole molecule is made harder by constituting a small repeating unit.
上述の芳香族求核置換反応において、上記一般式（６）、（７）で表される化合物とともに各種活性化ジフルオロ芳香族化合物やジクロロ芳香族化合物をモノマーとして併用することもできる。これらの化合物例としては、４，４’−ジクロロジフェニルスルホン、４，４’−ジフルオロジフェニルスルホン、４，４’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノン、４，４’−ジクロロベンゾフェノン、デカフルオロビフェニル等が挙げられるがこれらに制限されることなく、芳香族求核置換反応に活性のある他の芳香族ジハロゲン化合物、芳香族ジニトロ化合物、芳香族ジシアノ化合物なども使用することができる。 In the above-described aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction, various activated difluoroaromatic compounds and dichloroaromatic compounds can be used in combination with the compounds represented by the general formulas (6) and (7) as monomers. Examples of these compounds include 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4′-difluorodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone, 4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone, decafluorobiphenyl, and the like. However, other aromatic dihalogen compounds, aromatic dinitro compounds, aromatic dicyano compounds and the like that are active in aromatic nucleophilic substitution can also be used.
また、上述の一般式（１）で表される構成成分中のＡｒおよび上述の一般式（２）で表される構成成分中のＡｒ’は、一般には芳香族求核置換重合において上述の一般式（６）、（７）で表される化合物とともに使用される芳香族ジオール成分モノマーより導入される構造である。このような芳香族ジオールモノマーの例としては、４，４’−ビフェノール、ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）スルホン、１，１−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）エタン、２，２−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）プロパン、ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）メタン、２，２−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）ブタン、３，３−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）ペンタン、２，２−ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−３，５−ジメチルフェニル）プロパン、ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−３，５−ジメチルフェニル）メタン、ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−２，５−ジメチルフェニル）メタン、ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）フェニルメタン、ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）ジフェニルメタン、９，９−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）フルオレン、９，９−ビス（３−メチル−４−ヒドロキシフェニル）フルオレン、２，２−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）ヘキサフルオロプロパン、ハイドロキノン、レゾルシン、ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）ケトン等があげられるが、この他にも芳香族求核置換反応によるポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物の重合に用いることができる各種芳香族ジオールを使用することもできる。これら芳香族ジオールは、単独で使用することができるが、複数の芳香族ジオールを併用することも可能である。 In addition, Ar in the structural component represented by the general formula (1) and Ar ′ in the structural component represented by the general formula (2) are generally the same as those described above in the aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization. It is a structure introduced from an aromatic diol component monomer used together with the compounds represented by formulas (6) and (7). Examples of such aromatic diol monomers include 4,4′-biphenol, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy). Phenyl) propane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) butane, 3,3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3) , 5-dimethylphenyl) propane, bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl) methane, bis (4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl) methane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) phenylmethane, bis ( 4-hydroxyphenyl) diphenylmethane, 9,9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9- (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, hydroquinone, resorcin, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ketone, etc. Various aromatic diols that can be used for polymerization of polyarylene ether compounds by aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction can also be used. These aromatic diols can be used alone, but a plurality of aromatic diols can be used in combination.
本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物を芳香族求核置換反応により重合する場合、上記一般式（６）および一般式（７）で表せる化合物を含む活性化ジフルオロ芳香族化合物および／またはジクロロ芳香族化合物と芳香族ジオール類を塩基性化合物の存在下で反応させることで重合体を得ることができる。重合は、０〜３５０℃の温度範囲で行うことができるが、５０〜２５０℃の温度であることが好ましい。０℃より低い場合には、十分に反応が進まない傾向にあり、３５０℃より高い場合には、ポリマーの分解も起こり始める傾向がある。反応は、無溶媒下で行うこともできるが、溶媒中で行うことが好ましい。使用できる溶媒としては、Ｎ−メチル−２−ピロリドン、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルアセトアミド、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジフェニルスルホン、スルホランなどを挙げることができるが、これらに限定されることはなく、芳香族求核置換反応において安定な溶媒として使用できるものであればよい。これらの有機溶媒は、単独でも２種以上の混合物として使用されても良い。塩基性化合物としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム等があげられるが、芳香族ジオール類を活性なフェノキシド構造にしうるものであれば、これらに限定されず使用することができる。芳香族求核置換反応においては、副生物として水が生成する場合がある。この際は、重合溶媒とは関係なく、トルエンなどを反応系に共存させて共沸物として水を系外に除去することもできる。水を系外に除去する方法としては、モレキュラーシーブなどの吸水材を使用することもできる。芳香族求核置換反応を溶媒中で行う場合、得られるポリマー濃度として５〜５０質量％となるようにモノマーを仕込むことが好ましい。５質量％よりも少ない場合は、重合度が上がりにくい傾向がある。一方、５０質量％よりも多い場合には、反応系の粘性が高くなりすぎ、反応物の後処理が困難になる傾向がある。重合反応終了後は、反応溶液より蒸発によって溶媒を除去し、必要に応じて残留物を洗浄することによって、所望のポリマーが得られる。また、反応溶液を、ポリマーの溶解度が低い溶媒中に加えることによって、ポリマーを固体として沈殿させ、沈殿物の濾取によりポリマーを得ることもできる。 When the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound of the present invention is polymerized by an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction, an activated difluoroaromatic compound containing a compound represented by the above general formula (6) and general formula (7) and / or A polymer can be obtained by reacting a dichloroaromatic compound and an aromatic diol in the presence of a basic compound. The polymerization can be carried out in the temperature range of 0 to 350 ° C., but is preferably 50 to 250 ° C. When the temperature is lower than 0 ° C., the reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and when the temperature is higher than 350 ° C., the polymer tends to be decomposed. The reaction can be carried out in the absence of a solvent, but is preferably carried out in a solvent. Examples of the solvent that can be used include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, diphenyl sulfone, sulfolane, and the like. And any solvent that can be used as a stable solvent in the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. These organic solvents may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. Examples of the basic compound include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, and the like, and those that can convert an aromatic diol into an active phenoxide structure may be used. It can use without being limited to. In the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction, water may be generated as a by-product. In this case, regardless of the polymerization solvent, water can be removed from the system as an azeotrope by coexisting toluene or the like in the reaction system. As a method for removing water out of the system, a water absorbing material such as molecular sieve can also be used. When the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction is carried out in a solvent, it is preferable to charge the monomer so that the resulting polymer concentration is 5 to 50% by mass. When the amount is less than 5% by mass, the degree of polymerization tends to be difficult to increase. On the other hand, when the amount is more than 50% by mass, the viscosity of the reaction system becomes too high, and the post-treatment of the reaction product tends to be difficult. After completion of the polymerization reaction, the solvent is removed from the reaction solution by evaporation, and the residue is washed as necessary to obtain the desired polymer. In addition, the polymer can be obtained by precipitating the polymer as a solid by adding the reaction solution in a solvent having low polymer solubility, and collecting the precipitate by filtration.
また、本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物は、後で述べる方法により測定したポリマー対数粘度が０．１以上であることが好ましい。対数粘度が０．１よりも小さいと、イオン伝導膜として成形したときに、膜が脆くなりやすくなる。還元比粘度は、０．３以上であることがさらに好ましい。一方、還元比粘度が５を超えると、ポリマーの溶解が困難になるなど、加工性での問題が出てくるので好ましくない。なお、対数粘度を測定する溶媒としては、一般にＮ−メチルピロリドン、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルアセトアミドなどの極性有機溶媒を使用することができるが、これらに溶解性が低い場合には濃硫酸を用いて測定することもできる。 The sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound of the present invention preferably has a polymer log viscosity measured by a method described later of 0.1 or more. When the logarithmic viscosity is less than 0.1, the membrane is likely to be brittle when formed as an ion conductive membrane. The reduced specific viscosity is more preferably 0.3 or more. On the other hand, if the reduced specific viscosity exceeds 5, problems in processability such as difficulty in dissolving the polymer occur, which is not preferable. As a solvent for measuring the logarithmic viscosity, polar organic solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone and N, N-dimethylacetamide can be generally used. When the solubility in these is low, concentrated sulfuric acid is used. It can also be measured.
本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物は、単体として使用することができるが、他のポリマーとの組み合わせによる組成物として使用することもできる。これらのポリマーとしては、例えばポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレートなどのポリエステル類、ナイロン６、ナイロン６，６、ナイロン６，１０、ナイロン１２などのポリアミド類、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリメタクリル酸エステル類、ポリメチルアクリレート、ポリアクリル酸エステル類などのアクリレート系樹脂、ポリアクリル酸系樹脂、ポリメタクリル酸系樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレンやジエン系ポリマーを含む各種ポリオレフィン、ポリウレタン系樹脂、酢酸セルロース、エチルセルロースなどのセルロース系樹脂、ポリアリレート、アラミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリベンズイミダゾール、ポリベンズオキサゾール、ポリベンズチアゾールなどの芳香族系ポリマー、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ノボラック樹脂、ベンゾオキサジン樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂等、特に制限はない。ポリベンズイミダゾールやポリビニルピリジンなどの塩基性ポリマーとの組成物は、ポリマー寸法性の向上のために好ましい組み合わせと言える、これらの塩基性ポリマー中に、さらにスルホン酸基を導入しておくと、組成物の加工性がより好ましいものとなる。これら組成物として使用する場合には、本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物は、組成物全体の５０質量％以上１００質量％未満含まれていることが好ましい。より好ましくは７０質量％以上１００質量％未満である。本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物の含有量が組成物全体の５０質量％未満の場合には、この組成物を含むイオン伝導膜のスルホン酸基濃度が低くなり良好なイオン伝導性が得られない傾向にあり、また、スルホン酸基を含有するユニットが非連続相となり伝導するイオンの移動度が低下する傾向にある。なお、本発明の組成物は、必要に応じて、例えば酸化防止剤、熱安定剤、滑剤、粘着付与剤、可塑剤、架橋剤、粘度調整剤、静電気防止剤、抗菌剤、消泡剤、分散剤、重合禁止剤、などの各種添加剤を含んでいても良い。 The sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound of the present invention can be used as a simple substance, but can also be used as a composition in combination with other polymers. Examples of these polymers include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate, polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 6,10, and nylon 12, polymethyl methacrylate, and polymethacrylate. Acrylate resins such as polymethyl acrylate and polyacrylic acid esters, polyacrylic acid resins, polymethacrylic acid resins, polyethylene, polypropylene, various polyolefins including polystyrene and diene polymers, polyurethane resins, cellulose acetate, Cellulosic resins such as ethyl cellulose, polyarylate, aramid, polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyether Thermosetting of sulfone, polyether ether ketone, polyether imide, polyimide, polyamide imide, polybenzimidazole, polybenzoxazole, polybenzthiazole and other aromatic polymers, epoxy resin, phenol resin, novolac resin, benzoxazine resin, etc. There are no particular restrictions on the conductive resin. A composition with a basic polymer such as polybenzimidazole or polyvinylpyridine can be said to be a preferable combination for improving polymer dimensionality. If a sulfonic acid group is further introduced into these basic polymers, the composition The workability of the product becomes more preferable. When used as these compositions, the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound of the present invention is preferably contained in an amount of 50% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass of the entire composition. More preferably, it is 70 mass% or more and less than 100 mass%. When the content of the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound of the present invention is less than 50% by mass of the entire composition, the sulfonic acid group concentration of the ion conductive membrane containing this composition is lowered and good ion conductivity is obtained. The unit containing a sulfonic acid group tends to be a discontinuous phase and the mobility of ions to be conducted tends to decrease. In addition, the composition of the present invention, if necessary, for example, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a lubricant, a tackifier, a plasticizer, a crosslinking agent, a viscosity modifier, an antistatic agent, an antibacterial agent, an antifoaming agent, Various additives such as a dispersant and a polymerization inhibitor may be included.
本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物およびその組成物は、押し出し、紡糸、圧延またはキャストなど任意の方法で繊維やフィルムなどの成形体とすることができる。中でも適当な溶媒に溶解した溶液から成形することが好ましい。この溶媒としては、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミド、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、Ｎ−メチル−２−ピロリドン、ヘキサメチルホスホンアミドなどの非プロトン性極性溶媒や、メタノール、エタノール等のアルコール類から適切なものを選ぶことができるがこれらに限定されるものではない。これらの溶媒は、可能な範囲で複数を混合して使用してもよい。溶液中の化合物濃度は０．１〜５０質量％の範囲であることが好ましい。溶液中の化合物濃度が０．１質量％未満であると良好な成形物を得るのが困難となる傾向にあり、５０質量％を超えると加工性が悪化する傾向にある。溶液から成形体を得る方法は従来から公知の方法を用いて行うことができる。たとえば、加熱、減圧乾燥、化合物を溶解する溶媒と混和することができる化合物非溶媒への浸漬等によって、溶媒を除去し成形体を得ることができる。溶媒が、有機溶媒の場合には、加熱又は減圧乾燥によって溶媒を留去させることが好ましい。この際、必要に応じて他の化合物と複合された形で繊維状、フィルム状、ペレット状、プレート状、ロッド状、パイプ状、ボール状、ブロック状などの様々な形状に成形することもできる。溶解挙動が類似する化合物と組み合わせた場合には、良好な成形ができる点で好ましい。このようにして得られた成形体中のスルホン酸基はカチオン種との塩の形のものを含んでいても良いが、必要に応じて酸処理することによりフリーのスルホン酸基に変換することもできる。 The sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound and the composition thereof of the present invention can be formed into a molded body such as a fiber or a film by any method such as extrusion, spinning, rolling or casting. Among these, it is preferable to mold from a solution dissolved in an appropriate solvent. Examples of the solvent include aprotic polar solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and hexamethylphosphonamide, and alcohols such as methanol and ethanol. An appropriate one can be selected, but is not limited thereto. A plurality of these solvents may be used as a mixture within a possible range. The compound concentration in the solution is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50% by mass. If the compound concentration in the solution is less than 0.1% by mass, it tends to be difficult to obtain a good molded product, and if it exceeds 50% by mass, the workability tends to deteriorate. A method of obtaining a molded body from a solution can be performed using a conventionally known method. For example, the molded product can be obtained by removing the solvent by heating, drying under reduced pressure, immersion in a compound non-solvent that can be mixed with a solvent that dissolves the compound, or the like. When the solvent is an organic solvent, the solvent is preferably distilled off by heating or drying under reduced pressure. At this time, it can be formed into various shapes such as a fiber shape, a film shape, a pellet shape, a plate shape, a rod shape, a pipe shape, a ball shape, and a block shape in a composite form with other compounds as necessary. . When combined with a compound having a similar dissolution behavior, it is preferable in that good molding can be achieved. The sulfonic acid group in the molded article thus obtained may contain a salt form with a cationic species, but it can be converted to a free sulfonic acid group by acid treatment as necessary. You can also.
本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物およびその組成物からイオン伝導膜を作製することもできる。イオン伝導膜を成形する手法として最も好ましいのは、溶液からのキャストであり、キャストした溶液から上記のように溶媒を除去してイオン伝導膜を得ることができる。当該溶液としては、Ｎ−メチル−２−ピロリドン、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシドなどの有機極性溶媒を用いた溶媒や、場合によってはアルコール系溶媒なども使用することができる。溶媒の除去は、乾燥によることがイオン伝導膜の均一性からは好ましい。また、化合物や溶媒の分解や変質を避けるため、減圧下でできるだけ低い温度で乾燥することもできる。また、溶液の粘度が高い場合には、基板や溶液を加熱して高温でキャストすると溶液の粘度が低下して容易にキャストすることができる。キャストする際の溶液の厚みは特に制限されないが、１０〜１０００μｍであることが好ましい。より好ましくは５０〜５００μｍである。溶液の厚みが１０μｍよりも薄いとイオン伝導膜としての形態を保てなくなる傾向にあり、１０００μｍよりも厚いと不均一な高分子電解質膜ができやすくなる傾向にある。溶液のキャスト厚を制御する方法は公知の方法を用いることができる。例えば、アプリケーター、ドクターブレードなどを用いて一定の厚みにしたり、ガラスシャーレなどを用いてキャスト面積を一定にして溶液の量や濃度で厚みを制御することができる。キャストした溶液は、溶媒の除去速度を調整することでより均一な膜を得ることができる。例えば、加熱する場合には最初の段階では低温にして蒸発速度を下げたりすることができる。また、水などの非溶媒に浸漬する場合には、溶液を空気中や不活性ガス中に適当な時間放置しておくなどして化合物の凝固速度を調整することができる。本発明のイオン伝導膜は目的に応じて任意の膜厚にすることができるが、イオン伝導性の面からはできるだけ薄いことが好ましい。具体的には５〜２００μｍであることが好ましく、５〜５０μｍであることがさらに好ましく、５〜２０μｍであることが最も好ましい。イオン伝導膜の厚みが５μｍより薄いとイオン伝導膜の取扱が困難となり燃料電池を作製した場合に短絡等が起こる傾向にあり、２００μｍよりも厚いとイオン伝導膜の電気抵抗値が高くなり燃料電池の発電性能が低下する傾向にある。イオン伝導膜として使用する場合、膜中のスルホン酸基は金属塩になっているものを含んでいても良いが、適当な酸処理によりフリーのスルホン酸に変換することもできる。この場合、硫酸、塩酸、等の水溶液中に加熱下あるいは加熱せずに膜を浸漬処理することで行うことも効果的である。また、イオン伝導膜のイオン伝導率は１．０ｘ１０−３Ｓ／ｃｍ以上であることが好ましい。イオン伝導率が１．０ｘ１０−３Ｓ／ｃｍ以上である場合には、そのイオン伝導膜を用いた燃料電池において良好な出力が得られる傾向にあり、１．０ｘ１０−３Ｓ／ｃｍ未満である場合には燃料電池の出力低下が起こる傾向にある。 An ion conductive membrane can also be produced from the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound of the present invention and its composition. The most preferable method for forming the ion conductive membrane is casting from a solution, and the ion conductive membrane can be obtained by removing the solvent from the cast solution as described above. As the solution, a solvent using an organic polar solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, or an alcohol solvent may be used. The removal of the solvent is preferably by drying from the uniformity of the ion conductive membrane. Moreover, in order to avoid decomposition | disassembly and alteration of a compound or a solvent, it can also dry at the lowest temperature possible under reduced pressure. Further, when the viscosity of the solution is high, when the substrate or the solution is heated and cast at a high temperature, the viscosity of the solution is lowered and can be easily cast. The thickness of the solution at the time of casting is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 1000 μm. More preferably, it is 50-500 micrometers. If the thickness of the solution is less than 10 μm, it tends to be unable to maintain the form as an ion conductive membrane, and if it is thicker than 1000 μm, a non-uniform polymer electrolyte membrane tends to be easily formed. As a method for controlling the cast thickness of the solution, a known method can be used. For example, the thickness can be controlled with the amount and concentration of the solution with a constant thickness using an applicator, a doctor blade or the like, or with a cast area constant using a glass petri dish or the like. The cast solution can obtain a more uniform film by adjusting the solvent removal rate. For example, in the case of heating, the evaporation rate can be reduced by lowering the temperature in the first stage. In addition, when immersed in a non-solvent such as water, the coagulation rate of the compound can be adjusted by leaving the solution in air or an inert gas for an appropriate time. The ion conductive film of the present invention can have any film thickness depending on the purpose, but it is preferably as thin as possible from the viewpoint of ion conductivity. Specifically, it is preferably 5 to 200 μm, more preferably 5 to 50 μm, and most preferably 5 to 20 μm. If the thickness of the ion conductive membrane is less than 5 μm, handling of the ion conductive membrane is difficult and a short circuit or the like tends to occur when a fuel cell is produced. The power generation performance tends to decrease. When used as an ion conductive membrane, the sulfonic acid group in the membrane may contain a metal salt, but it can be converted to free sulfonic acid by an appropriate acid treatment. In this case, it is also effective to immerse the membrane in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or the like with or without heating. Moreover, it is preferable that the ion conductivity of an ion conductive film is 1.0x10 < -3 > S / cm or more. When the ionic conductivity is 1.0 × 10 −3 S / cm or more, a good output tends to be obtained in a fuel cell using the ion conductive membrane, and is less than 1.0 × 10 −3 S / cm. In some cases, the output of the fuel cell tends to decrease.
本発明のイオン伝導膜は、メタノールを燃料とするダイレクトメタノール型燃料電池にも有用であることが特徴である。平均厚さ５０μｍの膜を作製し、５Ｍメタノール水溶液を用いて２５℃で測定したメタノール透過速度が７ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｓｅｃ以下の値を示すイオン伝導膜が好ましい（測定法については後述する）。メタノール透過速度は４ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｓｅｃ以下であればさらに好ましく、１ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｓｅｃ以下であればより好ましい。このようなメタノール透過性を示すときに特に優れた発電特性を示すためである。なお、膜厚が異なるとメタノール透過速度は一般に大きく異なる傾向を示す。このためメタノール透過性評価は平均厚み５０μｍの試料を作成して評価しているが、実際に燃料電池用イオン伝導膜として使用する際には、特に膜厚を限定しているわけではない。平均厚み５０μｍの膜とは、実質上は平均厚み４８μｍから平均厚み５２μｍの範囲に入っているものを示すものとする。 The ion conductive membrane of the present invention is also useful for direct methanol fuel cells using methanol as fuel. An ion conductive membrane having a methanol permeation rate of 7 mmol / m 2 · sec or less measured at 25 ° C. using a 5 M aqueous methanol solution and having an average thickness of 50 μm is preferable (the measurement method will be described later). The methanol permeation rate is further preferably 4 mmol / m 2 · sec or less, and more preferably 1 mmol / m 2 · sec or less. This is because power generation characteristics particularly excellent when such methanol permeability is exhibited. In addition, when the film thickness is different, the methanol permeation rate generally tends to vary greatly. For this reason, in the methanol permeability evaluation, a sample having an average thickness of 50 μm is prepared and evaluated. However, when actually used as an ion conductive membrane for a fuel cell, the thickness is not particularly limited. The film having an average thickness of 50 μm substantially indicates a film having an average thickness in the range of 48 μm to 52 μm.
また、上述した本発明のイオン伝導膜またはフィルム等を電極に設置することによって、本発明のイオン伝導膜またはフィルム等と電極との接合体を得ることができる。この接合体の作製方法としては、従来から公知の方法を用いて行うことができ、例えば、電極表面に接着剤を塗布しイオン伝導膜と電極とを接着する方法またはイオン伝導膜と電極とを加熱加圧する方法等がある。この中でも本発明のスルホン酸基含有ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物およびその組成物を主成分とした接着剤を電極表面に塗布して接着する方法が好ましい。イオン伝導膜と電極との接着性が向上し、また、イオン伝導膜のイオン伝導性を損なうことが少なくなると考えられるためである。 Further, by installing the above-described ion conductive membrane or film of the present invention on an electrode, a joined body of the ion conductive membrane or film of the present invention and the electrode can be obtained. As a method for producing this joined body, a conventionally known method can be used. For example, an adhesive is applied to the electrode surface and the ion conductive film and the electrode are bonded, or the ion conductive film and the electrode are bonded. There is a method of heating and pressurizing. Among these, the method of applying and bonding the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound of the present invention and an adhesive mainly comprising the composition to the electrode surface is preferable. This is because it is considered that the adhesion between the ion conductive film and the electrode is improved, and that the ion conductivity of the ion conductive film is less impaired.
上述したイオン伝導膜またはフィルム等と電極との接合体を用いて、燃料電池を作製することもできる。本発明のイオン伝導膜またはフィルム等は、耐熱性、加工性、イオン伝導性および寸法安定性に優れているため、高温での運転にも耐えることができ、作製が容易で、良好な出力を有する燃料電池を提供することができる。また、メタノールを直接燃料とする燃料電池として使用することも好ましい。 A fuel cell can also be produced using the above-described joined body of an ion conductive membrane or film and an electrode. Since the ion conductive membrane or film of the present invention is excellent in heat resistance, processability, ion conductivity and dimensional stability, it can withstand operation at high temperatures, is easy to produce, and has good output. A fuel cell can be provided. It is also preferable to use it as a fuel cell using methanol as a direct fuel.
以下本発明を実施例を用いて具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されることはない。なお、各種測定は次のように行った。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely using an Example, this invention is not limited to these Examples. Various measurements were performed as follows.
溶液粘度：ポリマー粉末を０．５ｇ／ｄｌの濃度でＮ−メチルピロリドンに溶解し、３０℃の恒温槽中でウベローデ型粘度計を用いて粘度測定を行い、対数粘度ｌｎ[ｔａ／ｔｂ]／ｃ）で評価した（ｔａは試料溶液の落下秒数、ｔｂは溶媒のみの落下秒数、ｃはポリマー濃度）。 Solution viscosity: The polymer powder was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone at a concentration of 0.5 g / dl, the viscosity was measured using an Ubbelohde viscometer in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C., and the logarithmic viscosity ln [ta / tb] / Evaluation was made in c) (ta is the number of seconds for dropping the sample solution, tb is the number of seconds for dropping the solvent alone, and c is the polymer concentration).
ＴＧＡ：島津製作所製熱重量測定計（TGA-50）を用い、アルゴン雰囲気中、昇温速度10℃/minで測定を行った（途中、１５０℃で３０分保持して水分を十分除去する）。
イオン伝導性測定：自作測定用プローブ（ポリテトラフルオロエチレン製）上で短冊状膜試料の表面に白金線（直径：０．２ｍｍ）を押しあて、８０℃９５％ＲＨの恒温・恒湿オーブン（株式会社ナガノ科学機械製作所、ＬＨ−２０−０１）中に試料を保持し、白金線間のインピーダンスをＳＯＬＡＲＴＲＯＮ社１２５０ＦＲＥＱＵＥＮＣＹ ＲＥＳＰＯＮＳＥ ＡＮＡＬＹＳＥＲにより測定した。極間距離を変化させて測定し、極間距離とＣ−Ｃプロットから見積もられる抵抗測定値をプロットした勾配から以下の式により膜と白金線間の接触抵抗をキャンセルした導電率を算出した。
導電率［Ｓ／ｃｍ］＝１／膜幅［ｃｍ］ｘ膜厚［ｃｍ］ｘ抵抗極間勾配［Ω/ｃｍ］
メタノール透過速度：イオン交換膜の液体燃料透過速度はメタノールの透過速度として、以下の方法で測定した。２５℃に調整した５Ｍ（モル／リットル）のメタノール水溶液に２４時間浸漬した平均厚み５０μｍのイオン交換膜（平均厚みが４８μｍから５２μｍの範囲に入っているものを平均厚み５０μｍの膜とする）をＨ型セルに挟み込み、セルの片側に１００ｍｌの５Ｍメタノール水溶液を、他方のセルに１００ｍｌの超純水（１８ＭΩ・ｃｍ）を注入し、２５℃で両側のセルを撹拌しながら、イオン交換膜を通って超純水中に拡散してくるメタノール量をガスクロマトグラフを用いて測定することで算出した（イオン交換膜の面積は、２．０ｃｍ２）。
TGA: Using a thermogravimetry meter (TGA-50) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, measurement was performed in an argon atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min (while maintaining at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to sufficiently remove moisture) .
Ion conductivity measurement: A platinum wire (diameter: 0.2 mm) was pressed against the surface of a strip-shaped film sample on a probe for self-made measurement (made of polytetrafluoroethylene), and a constant temperature / humidity oven at 80 ° C. and 95% RH ( The sample was held in Nagano Scientific Machinery Co., Ltd., LH-20-01), and the impedance between the platinum wires was measured by SOLARTRON 1250 FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSER. The measurement was performed while changing the distance between the electrodes, and the conductivity obtained by canceling the contact resistance between the film and the platinum wire was calculated from the gradient obtained by plotting the distance measured between the electrodes and the resistance measurement value estimated from the CC plot.
Conductivity [S / cm] = 1 / film width [cm] × film thickness [cm] × resistance interelectrode gradient [Ω / cm]
Methanol permeation rate: The liquid fuel permeation rate of the ion exchange membrane was measured as the permeation rate of methanol by the following method. An ion-exchange membrane having an average thickness of 50 μm (24 μm average thickness in the range of 48 μm to 52 μm as an average thickness of 50 μm) immersed in a 5M (mol / liter) methanol aqueous solution adjusted to 25 ° C. for 24 hours. Placed in an H-type cell, 100 ml of 5M aqueous methanol solution was poured into one side of the cell, 100 ml of ultrapure water (18 MΩ · cm) was poured into the other side, and the ion-exchange membrane was placed while stirring the cells on both sides at 25 ° C. The amount of methanol that diffused through the ultrapure water was measured by using a gas chromatograph (the area of the ion exchange membrane was 2.0 cm 2 ).
発電評価：Ｐｔ／Ｒｕ触媒担持カーボン（田中貴金属工業株式会社ＴＥＣ６１Ｅ５４）に少量の超純水およびイソプロピルアルコールを加えて湿らせた後、デュポン社製２０％ナフィオン溶液（品番：ＳＥ−２０１９２）を、Ｐｔ／Ｒｕ触媒担持カーボンとナフィオンの重量比が２．５：１になるように加えた。次いで撹拌してアノード用触媒ペーストを調製した。この触媒ペーストを、ガス拡散層となる東レ製カーボンペーパーＴＧＰＨ−０６０に白金の付着量が２ｍｇ／ｃｍ２になるようにスクリーン印刷により塗布乾燥して、アノード用電極触媒層付きカーボンペーパーを作製した。また、Ｐｔ触媒担持カーボン（田中貴金属工業株式会社ＴＥＣ１０Ｖ４０Ｅ）に少量の超純水およびイソプロピルアルコールを加えて湿らせた後、デュポン社製２０％ナフィオン溶液（品番：ＳＥ−２０１９２）を、Ｐｔ触媒担持カーボンとナフィオンの重量比が２．５：１となるように加え、撹拌してカソード用触媒ペーストを調製した。この触媒ペーストを、撥水加工を施した東レ製カーボンペーパーＴＧＰＨ−０６０に白金の付着量が１ｍｇ／ｃｍ２となるように塗布・乾燥して、カソード用電極触媒層付きカーボンペーパーを作製した。上記２種類の電極触媒層付きカーボンペーパーの間に、膜試料を、電極触媒層が膜試料に接するように挟み、ホットプレス法により１３０℃、８ＭＰａにて３分間加圧、加熱することにより、膜−電極接合体とした。この接合体をＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍ社製評価用燃料電池セルＦＣ２５−０２ＳＰに組み込み、燃料電池発電試験機（株式会社東陽テクニカ製）を用いて発電試験を行った。発電は、セル温度4０℃で、アノードおよびカソードにそれぞれ４０℃に調整した２ｍｏｌ／ｌのメタノール水溶液（１．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ）および高純度酸素ガス（８０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ）を供給しながら行った。
Power generation evaluation: After adding a small amount of ultrapure water and isopropyl alcohol to Pt / Ru catalyst-supported carbon (TEC61E54) and moistening,
スルホン酸基含有量：窒素雰囲気下で一晩乾燥した試料の重量をはかり、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液と攪拌処理した後、塩酸水溶液による逆的定でイオン交換容量（ＩＥＣ）を求めた。 Sulfonic acid group content: A sample dried overnight under a nitrogen atmosphere was weighed, stirred with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and then ion exchange capacity (IEC) was determined by inverse determination with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
（実施例１）
３，３’−ジスルホ−４，４’−ジクロロジフェニルスルホン２ナトリウム塩（略号：Ｓ−ＤＣＤＰＳ）５．２３３５ｇ（０．０１０６５ｍｏｌｅ）、２，６−ジクロロベンゾニトリル（略号：ＤＣＢＮ）２．３３２３ｇ（０．０１３５５９ｍｏｌｅ）、４，４’−ビフェノール４．５０８６ｇ（０．０２４２１ｍｏｌｅ）、炭酸カリウム３．８４８４ｇ（０．０２７８４ｍｏｌｅ）、モレキュラーシーブ２．６１ｇを１００ｍｌ四つ口フラスコに計り取り、窒素を流した。３５ｍｌのＮＭＰを入れて、１５０℃で一時間撹拌した後、反応温度を１９５−２００℃に上昇させて系の粘性が十分上がるのを目安に反応を続けた（約５時間）。放冷の後、沈降しているモレキュラーシーブを除いて水中にストランド状に沈殿させた。得られたポリマーは、沸騰水中で１時間洗浄した後、乾燥した。ポリマーの対数粘度は１．２４を示した。
(Example 1)
3,3′-disulfo-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone disodium salt (abbreviation: S-DCDPS) 5.2335 g (0.01065 mole), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (abbreviation: DCBN) 2.3323 g ( 0.013559 mole), 4,4′-biphenol 4.5086 g (0.02421 mole), potassium carbonate 3.8484 g (0.02784 mole), and 2.61 g of molecular sieves were weighed into a 100 ml four-necked flask and flushed with nitrogen. . After adding 35 ml of NMP and stirring at 150 ° C. for 1 hour, the reaction was continued by raising the reaction temperature to 195-200 ° C. and sufficiently increasing the viscosity of the system (about 5 hours). After standing to cool, the precipitated molecular sieve was removed and the mixture was precipitated in water as a strand. The obtained polymer was washed in boiling water for 1 hour and then dried. The logarithmic viscosity of the polymer was 1.24.
ポリマー１ｇをＮＭＰ５ｍｌに溶解し、ホットプレート上ガラス板に約２００μｍ厚にキャストし、フィルム状になるまでＮＭＰを留去した後、水中に一晩以上浸漬した。得られたフィルムは、希硫酸（濃硫酸６ｍｌ、水３００ｍｌ）中で１時間沸騰水処理して塩をはずした後、純水でさらに１時間煮沸することで酸成分を除去した。得られたフィルムのＩＲスペクトルを図１に示す。本フィルムのイオン伝導性を測定したところ、０．１７Ｓ／ｃｍの値を示した。本フィルムの熱重量測定による３％重量減少温度（２００℃での試料重量を基準にして測定）は３８９℃であった。滴定で求めたＩＥＣは２．０３を示した。 1 g of the polymer was dissolved in 5 ml of NMP, cast on a glass plate on a hot plate to a thickness of about 200 μm, NMP was distilled off until it became a film, and then immersed in water overnight. The obtained film was treated with boiling water in dilute sulfuric acid (concentrated sulfuric acid 6 ml, water 300 ml) for 1 hour to remove the salt, and then boiled with pure water for 1 hour to remove the acid component. The IR spectrum of the obtained film is shown in FIG. When the ionic conductivity of this film was measured, it showed a value of 0.17 S / cm. The 3% weight loss temperature (measured based on the sample weight at 200 ° C.) by thermogravimetry of this film was 389 ° C. The IEC determined by titration was 2.03.
（実施例２）
３，３’−ジスルホ−４，４’−ジクロロジフェニルスルホン２ナトリウム塩（略号：Ｓ−ＤＣＤＰＳ）を３．９２５１ｇ（０．００７９９ｍｏｌｅ）、２，６−ジクロロベンゾニトリル（略号：ＤＣＢＮ）を２．７９０４ｇ（０．０１６２２ｍｏｌｅ）とする以外は、実施例１と同様にして重合を行い、ポリマーを得た。ポリマーの対数粘度は、１．５８を示した。
(Example 2)
3.9251 g (0.00799 mole) of 3,3′-disulfo-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone disodium salt (abbreviation: S-DCDPS) and 2.6-dichlorobenzonitrile (abbreviation: DCBN) Polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 7904 g (0.01622 mole) was obtained, to obtain a polymer. The logarithmic viscosity of the polymer was 1.58.
濃度を調整したポリマーＮＭＰ溶液を、ホットプレート上ガラス板に厚みを調節してキャストし、フィルム状になるまでＮＭＰを留去した後、水中に一晩以上浸漬することで、厚さ平均５０μｍのフィルムを調整した。得られたフィルムは、希硫酸（濃硫酸６ｍｌ、水３００ｍｌ）中で１時間処理して塩をはずした後、純水でさらに１時間浸漬することで酸成分を除去した。本フィルムのイオン伝導性を測定したところ、０．１１Ｓ／ｃｍの値を示した。本フィルムの熱重量測定による３％重量減少温度（２００℃での試料重量を基準にして測定）は３８９℃であった。滴定で求めたＩＥＣは１．６０を示した。メタノール透過速度は、３．９２ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｓｅｃを示した。得られたフィルムを沸騰水中５時間浸積しても、膜形態を良好に保持していた。 The polymer NMP solution with the adjusted concentration was cast on a glass plate on a hot plate by adjusting the thickness, and after NMP was distilled off until it became a film, it was immersed in water for more than one night. The film was adjusted. The obtained film was treated in dilute sulfuric acid (concentrated sulfuric acid 6 ml, water 300 ml) for 1 hour to remove the salt, and then immersed in pure water for 1 hour to remove the acid component. When the ion conductivity of this film was measured, it showed a value of 0.11 S / cm. The 3% weight loss temperature (measured based on the sample weight at 200 ° C.) by thermogravimetry of this film was 389 ° C. The IEC determined by titration was 1.60. The methanol permeation rate was 3.92 mmol / m 2 · sec. Even when the obtained film was immersed in boiling water for 5 hours, the film morphology was maintained well.
（実施例３）
実施例２においてＳ−ＤＣＤＰＳとＤＣＢＮの比率を変えてポリマーを合成し、同様の評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。また、Ｓ−ＤＣＤＰＳ：ＤＣＢＮ＝３８：６２（モル比）から得られたポリマーフィルムのＩＲスペクトルとＴＧＡチャートを図２、３に示す。
Example 3
In Example 2, a polymer was synthesized by changing the ratio of S-DCDPS and DCBN, and the same evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1. Moreover, the IR spectrum and TGA chart of the polymer film obtained from S-DCDPS: DCBN = 38: 62 (molar ratio) are shown in FIGS.
（比較例１）
実施例１においてＤＣＢＮを用いずにポリマーを合成したところ、得られたポリマーは水溶性となり、イオン伝導膜としての評価をすることは出来なかった。
(Comparative Example 1)
When a polymer was synthesized without using DCBN in Example 1, the obtained polymer was water-soluble and could not be evaluated as an ion conductive membrane.
（比較例２）
実施例１においてＳ−ＤＣＤＰＳを用いずにポリマーを合成したところ、反応時間２．５時間で対数粘度２．７６のポリマーが得られた。フィルムのイオン伝導性は測定限界以下だった。
(Comparative Example 2)
When a polymer was synthesized without using S-DCDPS in Example 1, a polymer having a logarithmic viscosity of 2.76 was obtained in a reaction time of 2.5 hours. The ionic conductivity of the film was below the measurement limit.
（比較例３）
実施例１においてＤＣＢＮの代わりに４，４’−ジクロロジフェニルスルホン3.8934g(0.013559mole)を用いて重合したところ、対数粘度０．７０のポリマーを得るのに、１６時間を要した。
(Comparative Example 3)
In Example 1, polymerization was performed using 3.8934 g (0.013559 mole) of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone instead of DCBN, and it took 16 hours to obtain a polymer having a logarithmic viscosity of 0.70.
（実施例４）
４，４‘−ビフェノールの代わりにビスフェノールＡ５．５１９９ｇを用いる以外は実施例２と同様にして重合を行い、ポリマーを得た。ポリマーの対数粘度は、１．３１を示した。作製したフィルムのイオン伝導性を測定したところ、０．１４Ｓ／ｃｍの値を示した。本フィルムの熱重量測定による３％重量減少温度は３６２℃であった。滴定で求めたＩＥＣは１．５２を示した。メタノール透過速度は、６．６１ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｓｅｃを示した。得られたフィルムを沸騰水中５時間浸積しても、膜形態を良好に保持していた。
Example 4
Polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 5.5199 g of bisphenol A was used instead of 4,4′-biphenol to obtain a polymer. The logarithmic viscosity of the polymer was 1.31. When the ion conductivity of the produced film was measured, it was 0.14 S / cm. The 3% weight loss temperature measured by thermogravimetry of this film was 362 ° C. The IEC determined by titration was 1.52. The methanol permeation rate was 6.61 mmol / m 2 · sec. Even when the obtained film was immersed in boiling water for 5 hours, the film morphology was maintained well.
（実施例５）
実施例２において、２，６−ジクロロベンゾニトリルの代わりに等モル量の２，４−ジフルオロベンゾニトリルを用いてポリマーを合成した。ポリマーの対数粘度は、０．６１を示した。作製したフィルムのイオン伝導性を測定したところ、０．１１Ｓ／ｃｍの値を示した。本フィルムの熱重量測定による３％重量減少温度は３７１℃であった。滴定で求めたＩＥＣは１．５９を示した。メタノール透過速度は、４．２４ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２・ｓｅｃを示した。得られたフィルムを沸騰水中５時間浸積しても、膜形態を良好に保持していた。
(Example 5)
In Example 2, a polymer was synthesized using an equimolar amount of 2,4-difluorobenzonitrile instead of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile. The logarithmic viscosity of the polymer was 0.61. When the ion conductivity of the produced film was measured, it showed a value of 0.11 S / cm. The 3% weight loss temperature measured by thermogravimetry of this film was 371 ° C. The IEC determined by titration was 1.59. The methanol permeation rate was 4.24 mmol / m 2 · sec. Even when the obtained film was immersed in boiling water for 5 hours, the film morphology was maintained well.
（実施例６）
実施例３においてＳ−ＤＣＤＰＳ：ＤＣＢＮ＝３８：６２（モル比）で得られたポリマーから作製したフィルムを用いて、発電評価を実施した。得られた結果を図４に示す。デュポン社製ナフィオン１１２（Ｒ）フィルムを用いて、同様に評価したものに比べ、優れた発電特性を示していることが認められた。
(Example 6)
Electric power generation evaluation was implemented using the film produced from the polymer obtained by Example 3 by S-DCDPS: DCBN = 38: 62 (molar ratio). The obtained results are shown in FIG. It was recognized that the Nafion 112 (R) film manufactured by DuPont exhibited excellent power generation characteristics as compared with those similarly evaluated.
今回開示された実施の形態および実施例はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。 The embodiments and examples disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.
本発明のスルホン酸基含有芳香族ポリアリーレンエーテル系化合物により、イオン伝導性だけでなく耐熱性、加工性および寸法安定性に優れた、高分子電解質材料を提供することができる。これらは、イオン伝導膜として、水素やメタノールを原料として使用する燃料電池や水電解槽に使うことができるが、各種電池用電解質、表示素子、センサー、バインダー類、添加剤などとしても利用することが期待される。 The sulfonic acid group-containing aromatic polyarylene ether compound of the present invention can provide a polymer electrolyte material that is excellent not only in ion conductivity but also in heat resistance, workability, and dimensional stability. These can be used for fuel cells and water electrolyzers that use hydrogen or methanol as raw materials as ion-conducting membranes, but can also be used as various battery electrolytes, display elements, sensors, binders, additives, etc. There is expected.
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