JP2004137481A - Method for producing optical material - Google Patents
Method for producing optical material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2004137481A JP2004137481A JP2003326952A JP2003326952A JP2004137481A JP 2004137481 A JP2004137481 A JP 2004137481A JP 2003326952 A JP2003326952 A JP 2003326952A JP 2003326952 A JP2003326952 A JP 2003326952A JP 2004137481 A JP2004137481 A JP 2004137481A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bis
- epithio
- compound
- chloride
- optical material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical group [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 episulfide compound Chemical class 0.000 description 147
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 96
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 48
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 23
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 19
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 16
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 14
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 241000412625 Selenophanes Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 9
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000017168 chlorine Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical class Cl* 0.000 description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003553 thiiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical class C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadaverine Chemical compound NCCCCCN VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BYLOHCRAPOSXLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(diethyl)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](Cl)(Cl)CC BYLOHCRAPOSXLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Se]=O JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 125000004055 thiomethyl group Chemical group [H]SC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- MLGITEWCALEOOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(thiiran-2-ylmethylsulfanylmethyl)thiirane Chemical compound C1SC1CSCC1CS1 MLGITEWCALEOOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FZZMTSNZRBFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-7-fluoroquinazolin-4-amine Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC2=C1 FZZMTSNZRBFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JOMNTHCQHJPVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNCCN1 JOMNTHCQHJPVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- WMEDSSFYIKNTNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dimethyloctane-3,6-diol Chemical compound CCC(C)(O)CCC(C)(O)CC WMEDSSFYIKNTNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L dibutyl(dichloro)stannane Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](Cl)(Cl)CCCC RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004014 thioethyl group Chemical group [H]SC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamyl alcohol Chemical compound OC\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYVBNYUBXIEUFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine Chemical compound CN(C)C(=N)N(C)C KYVBNYUBXIEUFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAEZSIYNWDWMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3-trimethylthiourea Chemical compound CNC(=S)N(C)C JAEZSIYNWDWMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQUYSHZXSKYCSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diazepane Chemical compound C1CNCCNC1 FQUYSHZXSKYCSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)CC1 RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diaminooctane Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCN PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexanethiol Chemical compound CCCCCCS PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidine Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1 PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZYZXXEKBDWCGED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,2-n-diethylbutane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCNCC(CC)NCC ZYZXXEKBDWCGED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VECZPMZNUKYYOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,2-n-diethylpropane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCNCC(C)NCC VECZPMZNUKYYOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLZRPMGWZLCLGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,2-n-dimethylbutane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCC(NC)CNC WLZRPMGWZLCLGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCFLRKJSDRTWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,3-n-diethylbutane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCNCCC(C)NCC XCFLRKJSDRTWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKZBLXUAJDHZQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,3-n-dimethylbutane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CNCCC(C)NC DKZBLXUAJDHZQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=C DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(C#N)=C(C#N)C1=O HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLYCRLGLCUXUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C(N)C=CC=C1N RLYCRLGLCUXUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVFVRTNNLLZXAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylphenyl)guanidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C(N)N VVFVRTNNLLZXAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KSJBMDCFYZKAFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethylsulfanyl)ethanethiol Chemical compound SCCSCCS KSJBMDCFYZKAFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MXZROAOUCUVNHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminopropanol Chemical compound CCC(N)O MXZROAOUCUVNHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUIQBJHUESBZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(dimethylazaniumyl)methyl]phenolate Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1O FUIQBJHUESBZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRKRMWWBDZSDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(thiiran-2-ylmethyldisulfanyl)methyl]thiirane Chemical compound C1SC1CSSCC1CS1 JRKRMWWBDZSDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WBRJBSIMMSDOJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylstibanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[Sb+](C)(C)C WBRJBSIMMSDOJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraoctylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CHPGDDYKLVMZGY-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylstibanium;chloride Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Sb](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(Cl)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CHPGDDYKLVMZGY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium monochloride Chemical compound [Tl]Cl GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- KWWYEGPBMHJJGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiiran-2-ylmethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1CS1 KWWYEGPBMHJJGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLIKLLWZOLVIKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiiran-2-ylmethyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC1CS1 PLIKLLWZOLVIKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONXYYBNZRHGVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CS1 ONXYYBNZRHGVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiirane Chemical compound C1CS1 VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZWZVWGITAAIFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=S ZWZVWGITAAIFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000004035 thiopropyl group Chemical group [H]SC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluene-4-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UXYJRQAXSYTQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M tribenzyl(butyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UXYJRQAXSYTQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XVSWMNNLWCIDNO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tribenzyl(butyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XVSWMNNLWCIDNO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XMMHYHJJQOBNHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tribenzyl(ethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XMMHYHJJQOBNHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JIZJLSHOPKDDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tribenzyl(ethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JIZJLSHOPKDDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YFECJVDGMYMVOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M tribenzyl(methyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YFECJVDGMYMVOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JYJRQFKPAJMWAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tribenzyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JYJRQFKPAJMWAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LJQATSVPQIGCJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenzylgermanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C[Ge](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 LJQATSVPQIGCJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFXORIIYQORRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenzylphosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CP(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFXORIIYQORRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWNSUONCJRRKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(chloro)germane Chemical compound CCCC[Ge](Cl)(CCCC)CCCC MWNSUONCJRRKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSQJUDVTRRCSRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(chloro)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](Cl)(CCCC)CCCC JSQJUDVTRRCSRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOZMDGZDXNLAOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(octyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC BOZMDGZDXNLAOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXJWDOYMROEHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylstibane Chemical compound CCCC[Sb](CCCC)CCCC BXJWDOYMROEHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWBLDXRXGCRDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributylsulfanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[S+](CCCC)CCCC LWBLDXRXGCRDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FZVBSYTWAMIINE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributylsulfanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[S+](CCCC)CCCC FZVBSYTWAMIINE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HUCQSHDLMUWBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributylsulfanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[S+](CCCC)CCCC HUCQSHDLMUWBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BKFMCKNZBNFKKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(3-chloropropyl)germane Chemical compound ClCCC[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl BKFMCKNZBNFKKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBOVPRFEJVXTQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(chloromethyl)germane Chemical compound ClC[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl FBOVPRFEJVXTQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDVGBAZYEPMJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(cyclohexyl)germane Chemical compound Cl[Ge](Cl)(Cl)C1CCCCC1 QDVGBAZYEPMJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAMVAWFEFKBZJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloro(diethyl)-$l^{5}-stibane Chemical compound CC[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)CC KAMVAWFEFKBZJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QCFQXTMYFXYNSH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloro(dimethyl)-$l^{5}-stibane Chemical compound C[Sb](C)(Cl)(Cl)Cl QCFQXTMYFXYNSH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RTCULVFFPHSNLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloro(diphenyl)-$l^{5}-stibane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 RTCULVFFPHSNLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DBJDXEXOJMALDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(ethenyl)germane Chemical compound Cl[Ge](Cl)(Cl)C=C DBJDXEXOJMALDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URNVMBADOXXKOA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloro(ethenyl)stannane Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)C=C URNVMBADOXXKOA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZOYFEXPFPVDYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl ZOYFEXPFPVDYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEBRQLCKPRKBOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloro(ethyl)stannane Chemical compound CC[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl MEBRQLCKPRKBOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FEFXFMQVSDTSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(methyl)germane Chemical compound C[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl FEFXFMQVSDTSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHKKMTYJNSONPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(pentyl)germane Chemical compound CCCCC[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl ZHKKMTYJNSONPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCCDVPNBEHCRRA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloro(pentyl)stannane Chemical compound CCCCC[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl CCCDVPNBEHCRRA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(phenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKFSBKQQYCMCKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)CC=C HKFSBKQQYCMCKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRDWKEKRZCWTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(propyl)germane Chemical compound CCC[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl YRDWKEKRZCWTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOEHJNBEOVLHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl DOEHJNBEOVLHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFJGHYXSHMSYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloro(propyl)stannane Chemical compound CCC[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl NFJGHYXSHMSYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004319 trichloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MUDDKLJPADVVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorogermane Chemical compound Cl[GeH](Cl)Cl MUDDKLJPADVVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZEWYVRDJISVSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricrotonylidenetetramine Chemical compound N1C(C)CC2NC(C)CC3N2C1CC(C)N3 MZEWYVRDJISVSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANUSMYJRISPAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethylsulfanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[S+](CC)CC ANUSMYJRISPAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FPZZZGJWXOHLDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CCCCCC)CCCCCC FPZZZGJWXOHLDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylphosphine Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)C(C)C IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- AQZSPJRLCJSOED-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(octyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C AQZSPJRLCJSOED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOTIICCWNAPLMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylsulfanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[S+](C)C GOTIICCWNAPLMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNEDTFPROHJBIP-UHFFFAOYSA-M trioctylsulfanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCC[S+](CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC MNEDTFPROHJBIP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LKGICXFRDGZQHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tripentylstannanylium;chloride Chemical compound CCCCC[Sn](Cl)(CCCCC)CCCCC LKGICXFRDGZQHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMJFYMAHEGJHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenylsulfanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VMJFYMAHEGJHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZFEAYIKULRXTAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenylsulfanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZFEAYIKULRXTAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CVJLQNNJZBCTLI-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenylsulfanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CVJLQNNJZBCTLI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFNXCUNDYSYVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(3-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(P(C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 LFNXCUNDYSYVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPHWSGQDNNLSDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butyl(chloro)germane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Ge](Cl)(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C UPHWSGQDNNLSDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJECDCLXTNZYDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butyl(chloro)silane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](Cl)(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C DJECDCLXTNZYDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYMKWMRPGVPEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tritert-butyl(chloro)stannane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Sn](Cl)(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C QYMKWMRPGVPEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC.CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc diethyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S.CCN(CC)C([S-])=S RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JLKZUNOWPPEBPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;3h-1,3-benzothiazole-2-thione Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CC=C2SC(=S)NC2=C1 JLKZUNOWPPEBPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUMBZPPBWALQRO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;n,n-dibenzylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(C(=S)[S-])CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(C(=S)[S-])CC1=CC=CC=C1 AUMBZPPBWALQRO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KMNUDJAXRXUZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;n-ethyl-n-phenylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCN(C([S-])=S)C1=CC=CC=C1.CCN(C([S-])=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 KMNUDJAXRXUZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
本発明は、屈折率およびアッベ数の高い光学材料の原料である新規なエピスルフィド化合物およびこれを使用して得られる光学材料に関するものである。本光学材料は、プラスチックレンズ、プリズム、光ファイバー、情報記録基盤、フィルター、接着剤等の光学製品、中でも、眼鏡用プラスチックレンズに有用である。 The present invention relates to a novel episulfide compound which is a raw material of an optical material having a high refractive index and a high Abbe number, and an optical material obtained by using the same. The present optical material is useful for optical products such as plastic lenses, prisms, optical fibers, information recording substrates, filters, and adhesives, and especially for plastic lenses for eyeglasses.
プラスチック材料は軽量かつ靭性に富み、また染色が容易であることから、各種光学材料、特に眼鏡レンズに近年多用されている。光学材料、中でも眼鏡レンズに要求される主な性能は、低比重、高透明性および低黄色度、さらには耐衝撃性等の強度、光学性能として高屈折率と高アッベ数であり、高屈折率はレンズの薄肉化を可能とし、高アッベ数はレンズの色収差を低減する。近年、高屈折率と高アッベ数を目的として、硫黄原子および/またはセレン原子を有する有機化合物が数多く報告されている。中でもポリエピスルフィド化合物が屈折率とアッベ数のバランスが良く、報告されている一例を挙げると、直鎖型ポリエピスルフィド化合物、セレン原子を有するポリエピスルフィド化合物等が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1、特許文献2参照。)。これらの発明のポリエピスルフィド化合物から得られる光学材料により、屈折率が1.7以上の高屈折率は達成されたが、さらに高屈折率を有する材料が求められていた。
このような背景から、さらに高屈折率化を志向して、硫黄原子および/またはセレン原子を有する無機化合物を含有する光学材料が、提案されている(例えば特許文献3参照。)。これらの光学材料によって高屈折率が達成されたが、通常高級品として販売される高屈折率レンズとしては、透明性が十分ではなかった。
BACKGROUND ART Plastic materials are lightweight and rich in toughness, and are easily used for dyeing. Therefore, plastic materials have recently been frequently used for various optical materials, particularly for spectacle lenses. The main properties required for optical materials, especially for spectacle lenses, are low specific gravity, high transparency and low yellowness, strength such as impact resistance, and high refractive index and high Abbe number as optical performance. The ratio allows the lens to be thinner, and the higher Abbe number reduces the chromatic aberration of the lens. In recent years, many organic compounds having a sulfur atom and / or a selenium atom have been reported for the purpose of high refractive index and high Abbe number. Above all, a polyepisulfide compound has a good balance between the refractive index and the Abbe number. For example, a linear polyepisulfide compound, a polyepisulfide compound having a selenium atom, and the like are proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). And Patent Document 2.). With the optical materials obtained from the polyepisulfide compounds of these inventions, a high refractive index of 1.7 or more has been achieved, but a material having a higher refractive index has been required.
From such a background, an optical material containing an inorganic compound having a sulfur atom and / or a selenium atom has been proposed in order to further increase the refractive index (for example, see Patent Document 3). Although a high refractive index was achieved by these optical materials, transparency was not sufficient for a high refractive index lens which is usually sold as a high-grade product.
本発明の課題は、高屈折率を有する光学材料に、高度な透明性を付与することである。 An object of the present invention is to impart high transparency to an optical material having a high refractive index.
本発明者はこの発明の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を行った結果、
(a)下記(1)式で表される構造を1分子中に1個以上有する化合物と、
(b)硫黄原子および/またはセレン原子を有する無機化合物と、
(c)メルカプト基を1分子あたり1個以上有する化合物とからなる樹脂用組成物を重合させる光学材料の製造方法において、あらかじめ該樹脂用組成物を0.001〜50torrの減圧下、1分間〜24時間、0℃〜100℃で脱気処理させることにより、高度な透明性を有する高屈折率光学材料が製造できることを見出し、本発明に至った。さらには、この脱気処理により、光学材料の耐熱性が向上するという新たな事実を見いだした。
The inventor conducted intensive research to solve the problems of the present invention,
(A) a compound having at least one structure represented by the following formula (1) in one molecule:
(B) an inorganic compound having a sulfur atom and / or a selenium atom;
(C) In a method for producing an optical material in which a resin composition comprising a compound having one or more mercapto groups per molecule is polymerized, the resin composition is preliminarily reduced under a reduced pressure of 0.001 to 50 torr for 1 minute to The inventors have found that a high-refractive-index optical material having a high degree of transparency can be produced by performing a degassing treatment at 0 ° C. to 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Furthermore, they have found a new fact that the heat resistance of the optical material is improved by the deaeration treatment.
本発明のあらかじめ一定の条件下で樹脂用組成物の脱気処理させることを特徴とする光学材料の製造方法により、高屈折率を有する光学材料に、さらに高度な透明性を付与することが実現した。さらには、この脱気処理により、光学材料の耐熱性が向上するという新たな事実を見いだした。 By the method for producing an optical material according to the present invention, which is characterized in that the resin composition is degassed under predetermined conditions, it is possible to impart higher transparency to an optical material having a high refractive index. did. Furthermore, they have found a new fact that the heat resistance of the optical material is improved by this deaeration treatment.
本発明で使用する(a)化合物である、上記(1)式で表される構造を1分子中に1個以上有する化合物は、(a)〜(c)化合物の合計を100重量部とした場合、30〜95重量部使用するが、好ましくは40〜95重量部、特に好ましくは50〜90重量部である。 The compound (a) used in the present invention, which has at least one structure represented by the formula (1) in one molecule, is defined as 100 parts by weight of the total of the compounds (a) to (c). In this case, it is used in an amount of 30 to 95 parts by weight, preferably 40 to 95 parts by weight, particularly preferably 50 to 90 parts by weight.
(a)化合物を以下に例示する。1,1−ビス(エピチオエチル)メタン、1−(エピチオエチル)−1−(β−エピチオプロピル)メタン、1,1−ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)メタン1−(エピチオエチル)−1−(β−エピチオプロピル)エタン 、1,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)エタン、1−(エピチオエチル)−3−(β−エピチオプロピル)ブタン、1,3−ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)プロパン、1−(エピチオエチル)−4−(β−エピチオプロピル)ペンタン、1,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)ブタン、1−(エピチオエチル)−5−(β−エピチオプロピル)ヘキサン、1−(エピチオエチル)−2−(γ−エピチオブチルチオ)エタン、1−(エピチオエチル)−2−〔2−(γ−エピチオブチルチオ)エチルチオ〕エタン、テトラキス(β−エピチオプロピル)メタン、1,1,1−トリス(β−エピチオプロピル)プロパン、1,3−ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)−1−(β−エピチオプロピル)−2−チアプロパン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)−2,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)−3−チアペンタン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(エピチオエチル)シクロヘキサン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)シクロヘキサン、ビス〔4−(エピチオエチル)シクロヘキシル〕メタン、 ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピル)シクロヘキシル〕メタン、 2,2−ビス〔4−(エピチオエチル)シクロヘキシル〕プロパン、2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピル)シクロヘキシル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピル)シクロヘキシル〕スルフィド、ビス〔4−(エピチオエチル)シクロヘキシル〕スルフィド、2,5−ビス(エピチオエチル)−1,4−ジチアン、2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)−1,4−ジチアン、4−エピチオエチル−1,2−シクロヘキセンスルフィド、4−エポキシ−1,2−シクロヘキセンスルフィド、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)−1,4−ジセレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(2,3−エピチオプロピル)−1,4−ジセレナン、(2,4または2,5または2,6)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)−1,3−ジセレナン、(2,4または2,5または2,6)−ビス(2,4−エピチオプロピル)−1,3−ジセレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)−1−チア−4−セレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(2,3−エピチオプロピル)−1−チア−4−セレナン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)−1、3−ジセレノラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(2,4−エピチオプロピル)−1、3−ジセレノラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)−1−チア−3−セレノラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(2,4−エピチオプロピル)−1−チア−3−セレノラン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)セレノファン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(2,3−エピチオプロピル)セレノファン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)−1,4−ジテルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(2,3−エピチオプロピル)−1,4−ジテルラン、(2,4または2,5または2,6)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)−1,3−ジテルラン、(2,4または2,5または2,6)−ビス(2,4−エピチオプロピル)−1,3−ジテルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)−1−チア−4−テルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(2,3−エピチオプロピル)−1−チア−4−テルラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)−1、3−ジテルロラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(2,4−エピチオプロピル)−1、3−ジテルロラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)−1−チア−3−テルロラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(2,4−エピチオプロピル)−1−チア−3−テルロラン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(1,2−エピチオエチル)テルロファン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(2,3−エピチオプロピル)テレノファン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(エピチオエチル)ベンゼン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)ベンゼン、ビス〔4−(エピチオエチル)フェニル〕メタン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピル)フェニル〕メタン、2,2−ビス〔4−(エピチオエチル)フェニル〕プロパン、2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピル)フェニル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(エピチオエチル)フェニル〕スルフィド、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピル)フェニル〕スルフィド、ビス〔4−(エピチオエチル)フェニル〕スルフォン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピル)フェニル〕スルフォン、4,4’−ビス(エピチオエチル)ビフェニル、4,4’−ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)ビフェニル等の鎖状脂肪族骨格を有するエピスルフィド類、メチルチオグリシジルエーテル、エチルチオグリシジルエーテル、プロピルチオグリシジルエーテル、ブチルチオグリシジルエーテル等のチオグリシジルエーテル類、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)エーテル、ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)メタン、1,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)エタン、1,3−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)プロパン、1,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)プロパン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−2−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)プロパン、1,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)ブタン、1,3−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)ブタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−3−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)ブタン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)ペンタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)ペンタン、1,6−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)ヘキサン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−5−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)ヘキサン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−2−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルオキシエチル)オキシ〕エタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−2−[〔2−(2−β−エピチオプロピルオキシエチル)オキシエチル〕オキシ]エタン、ビス(5,6−エピチオ−3−オキサヘキシル)セレニド、ビス(5,6−エピチオ−3−オキサヘキシル)テルリド、テトラキス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)メタン、1,1,1−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)プロパン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−2−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−3−チアペンタン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−2,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−3−チアペンタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−2,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−4−チアヘキサン、1,5,6−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−3−チアヘキサン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−4,5ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−4,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−2,4,5−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,9−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−5−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−5−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルオキシエチル)オキシメチル〕−3,7−ジチアノナン、1,10−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−5,6−ビス〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルオキシエチル)オキシ〕−3,6,9−トリチアデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−4,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−5,7−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−5,7−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルオキシエチル)オキシメチル〕−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)−4,7−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)シクロヘキサン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)シクロヘキサン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)シクロヘキシル〕メタン、 2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)シクロヘキシル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)シクロヘキシル〕スルフィド、2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシエチルオキシメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)−1,3−ジセレノラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)−1,3−ジセレノラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)−1−チア−3−セレノラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)−1−チア−3−セレノラン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)トリシクロセレナオクタン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)ジシクロセレナノナン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)セレノファン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)セレノファン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)−1,4−ジセレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)−1,4−ジセレナン、(2,4または2,5または2,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)−1,3−ジセレナン、(2,4または2,5または2,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)−1,3−ジセレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)−1−チア−4−セレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)−1−チア−4−セレナン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)−1,3−ジテルロラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)−1,3−ジテルロラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)−1−チア−3−テルロラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)−1−チア−3−テルロラン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)トリシクロテルラオクタン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)ジシクロテルラノナン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(3,4
−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)テルロファン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)テルロファン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)−1,4−ジテルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)−1,4−ジテルラン、(2,4または2,5または2,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)−1,3−ジテルラン、(2,4または2,5または2,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)−1,3−ジテルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−オキサブチル)−1−チア−4−テルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−オキサペンチル)−1−チア−4−テルラン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシ)ベンゼン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルオキシメチル)ベンゼン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピル)フェニル〕メタン、2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)フェニル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)フェニル〕スルフィド、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)フェニル〕スルフォン、4,4’−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)ビフェニル等のエピチオアルキルオキシ基を1個以上有するエピスルフィド類、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)スルフィド、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)ジスルフィド、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)トリスルフィド、ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)メタン、1,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)エタン、1,3−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)プロパン、1,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)プロパン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−2−(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)プロパン、1,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)ブタン、1,3−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)ブタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−3−(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)ブタン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)ペンタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)ペンタン、1,6−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)ヘキサン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−5−(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)ヘキサン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−2−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルチオエチル)チオ〕エタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−2−[〔2−(2−β−エピチオプロピルチオエチル)チオエチル〕チオ]エタン、テトラキス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)メタン、1,1,1−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)プロパン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−2−(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−3−チアペンタン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−2,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−3−チアペンタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−2,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−4−チアヘキサン、1,5,6−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−3−チアヘキサン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−4,5ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−4,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−2,4,5−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,9−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−5−(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−5−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルチオエチル)チオメチル〕−3,7−ジチアノナン、1,10−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−5,6−ビス〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルチオエチル)チオ〕−3,6,9−トリチアデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−4,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−5,7−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−5,7−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルチオエチル)チオメチル〕−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)−4,7−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、テトラ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)アセチルメチル〕メタン、1,1,1−トリ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)アセチルメチル〕プロパン、テトラ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)アセチルメチル〕メタン、1、1,1−トリ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)アセチルメチル〕プロパン、ビス(5,6−エピチオ−3−チアヘキシル)セレニド、2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−セレナ−4−チアヘプチル)−1−(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)プロパン、1,1,3,3,−テトラキス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−2−セレナプロパン、ビス(4,5−チオエピキシ−2−チアペンチル)−3,6,9−トリセレナウンデカン−1,11−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)、1,4−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−セレナ−4−チアヘプチル)ブタン、トリス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−3−セレナ−6−チアオクタン−1,8−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)、ビス(5,6−エピチオ−3−チアヘキシル)テルレド、2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−テルラ−4−チアヘプチル)−1−(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)プロパン、1,1,3,3,−テトラキス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−2−テルラプロパン、ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−3,6,9−トリテレラウンデカン−1,11−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)、1,4−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−テルラ−4−チアヘプチル)ブタン、トリス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−3−テルラ−6−チアオクタン−1,8−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)シクロヘキサン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)シクロヘキサン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)シクロヘキシル〕メタン、 2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)シクロヘキシル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)シクロヘキシル〕スルフィド、2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオエチルチオメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1,4−ジセレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1,4−ジセレナン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1,3−ジセレナン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1,3−ジセレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1−チア−4−セレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1−チア−4−セレナン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1、3−ジセレノラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1、3−ジセレノラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1−チア−3−セレノラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1−チア−3−セレノラン、2,6−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル−1,3,5−トリセレナン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)トリシクロセレナオクタン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチルジシクロセレナノナン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)セレノファン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)セレノファン、2−(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−5−(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1−セレナシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1−セレナシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1−セレナシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1,4−ジテルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1,4−ジテルラン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1,3−ジテルラン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1,3−ジテルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1−チア−4−テルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1−チア−4−テルラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1、3−ジテルロラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1、3−ジテルロラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1−チア−3−テルロラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1−チア−3−テルロラン、2,6−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル−1,3,5−トリテルラン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチルトリシクロテルラオクタン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)ジシクロテルラノナン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)テルロファン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)テルロファン、2−(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−5−(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1−テルラシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−チアブチル)−1−テルラシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−チアペンチル)−1−テルラシクロヘキサン等、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)ベンゼン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオメチル)ベンゼン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)フェニル〕メタン、2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)フェニル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピル
チオ)フェニル〕スルフィド、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)フェニル〕スルフォン、4,4’−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルチオ)ビフェニル等のエピチオアルキルチオ基を1個以上有するエピスルフィド類、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)セレニド、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)ジセレニド、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)トリセレニド、ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)メタン、1,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)エタン、1,3−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)プロパン、1,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)プロパン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−2−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)プロパン、1,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)ブタン、1,3−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)ブタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−3−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)ブタン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)ペンタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)ペンタン、1,6−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)ヘキサン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−5−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)ヘキサン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−2−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルセレノエチル)チオ〕エタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−2−[〔2−(2−β−エピチオプロピルセレノエチル)セレノエチル〕チオ]エタン、テトラキス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)メタン、1,1,1−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)プロパン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−2−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−3−チアペンタン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−2,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−3−チアペンタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−2,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−4−チアヘキサン、1,5,6−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−3−チアヘキサン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−4,5ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−4,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−2,4,5−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,9−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−5−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−5−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルセレノエチル)セレノメチル〕−3,7−ジチアノナン、1,10−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−5,6−ビス〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルセレノエチル)チオ〕−3,6,9−トリチアデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−4,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−5,7−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−5,7−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルセレノエチル)セレノメチル〕−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)−4,7−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、テトラ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)アセチルメチル〕メタン、1,1,1−トリ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)アセチルメチル〕プロパン、テトラ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)アセチルメチル〕メタン、1、1,1−トリ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)アセチルメチル〕プロパン、ビス(5,6−エピチオ−3−セレノヘキシル)セレニド、2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−セレナ−4−セレノヘプチル)−1−(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)プロパン、1,1,3,3,−テトラキス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−2−セレナプロパン、ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−3,6,9−トリセレナウンデカン−1,11−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)、1,4−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−セレナ−4−セレノヘプチル)ブタン、トリス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−3−セレナ−6−チアオクタン−1,8−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)、ビス(5,6−エピチオ−3−セレノヘキシル)テルレド、2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−テルラ−4−セレノヘプチル)−1−(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)プロパン、1,1,3,3,−テトラキス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−2−テルラプロパン、ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−3,6,9−トリテレラウンデカン−1,11−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)、1,4−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−テルラ−4−セレノヘプチル)ブタン、トリス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−3−テルラ−6−チアオクタン−1,8−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)シクロヘキサン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)シクロヘキサン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)シクロヘキシル〕メタン、 2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)シクロヘキシル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)シクロヘキシル〕スルフィド、2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノエチルチオメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1,4−ジセレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1,4−ジセレナン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1,3−ジセレナン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1,3−ジセレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1−チア−4−セレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1−チア−4−セレナン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1、3−ジセレノラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1、3−ジセレノラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1−チア−3−セレノラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1−チア−3−セレノラン、2,6−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル−1,3,5−トリセレナン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)トリシクロセレナオクタン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)ジシクロセレナノナン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)セレノファン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)セレノファン、2−(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−5−(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1−セレナシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1−セレナシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1−セレナシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1,4−ジテルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1,4−ジテルラン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1,3−ジテルラン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1,3−ジテルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1−チア−4−テルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1−チア−4−テルラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1、3−ジテルロラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1、3−ジテルロラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1−チア−3−テルロラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1−チア−3−テルロラン、2,6−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル−1,3,5−トリテルラン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)トリシクロテルラオクタン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)ジシクロテルラノナン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)テルロファン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)テルロファン、2−(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−5−(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1−テルラシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−セレノブチル)−1−テルラシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−セレノペンチル)−1−テルラシクロヘキサン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)ベンゼン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノメチル)ベンゼン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)フェニル〕メタン、2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)フェニル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)フェニル〕スルフィド、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)フェニル〕スルフォン、4,4’−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルセレノ)ビフェニル等のエピチオアルキルセレノ基を1個以上有するエピスルフィド類、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)テルレド、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)ジテルレド、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)トリテルレド、ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)メタン、1,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)エタン、1,3−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)プロパン、1,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)プロパン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−2−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)プロパン、1,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)ブタン、1,3−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)ブタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−3−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)ブタン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテル
ロ)ペンタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)ペンタン、1,6−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)ヘキサン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−5−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)ヘキサン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−2−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルテルロエチル)チオ〕エタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−2−[〔2−(2−β−エピチオプロピルテルロエチル)テルロエチル〕チオ]エタン、テトラキス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)メタン、1,1,1−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)プロパン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−2−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−3−チアペンタン、1,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−2,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−3−チアペンタン、1−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−2,2−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−4−チアヘキサン、1,5,6−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−3−チアヘキサン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−4−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−4,5ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−4,4−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−2,4,5−トリス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,9−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−5−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−5−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルテルロエチル)セレノメチル〕−3,7−ジチアノナン、1,10−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−5,6−ビス〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルテルロエチル)チオ〕−3,6,9−トリチアデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−4,8−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピ・`オプロピルテルロ)−5,7−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−5,7−〔(2−β−エピチオプロピルテルロエチル)セレノメチル〕−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)−4,7−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、テトラ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)アセチルメチル〕メタン、1,1,1−トリ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)アセチルメチル〕プロパン、テトラ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)アセチルメチル〕メタン、1、1,1−トリ〔2−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)アセチルメチル〕プロパン、ビス(5,6−エピチオ−3−テルロヘキシル)セレニド、2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−セレナ−4−テルロヘプチル)−1−(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)プロパン、1,1,3,3,−テトラキス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−2−セレナプロパン、ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−3,6,9−トリセレナウンデカン−1,11−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)、1,4−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−セレナ−4−テルロヘプチル)ブタン、トリス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−3−セレナ−6−チアオクタン−1,8−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)、ビス(5,6−エピチオ−3−テルロヘキシル)テルレド、2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−テルラ−4−テルロヘプチル)−1−(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)プロパン、1,1,3,3,−テトラキス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−2−テルラプロパン、ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−3,6,9−トリテレラウンデカン−1,11−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)、1,4−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−2,3−ビス(6,7−エピチオ−1−テルラ−4−テルロヘプチル)ブタン、トリス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−3−テルラ−6−チアオクタン−1,8−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)シクロヘキサン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)シクロヘキサン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)シクロヘキシル〕メタン、 2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)シクロヘキシル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)シクロヘキシル〕スルフィド、2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、2,5−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロエチルチオメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1,4−ジセレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1,4−ジセレナン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1,3−ジセレナン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1,3−ジセレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1−チア−4−セレナン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1−チア−4−セレナン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1、3−ジセレノラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1、3−ジセレノラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1−チア−3−セレノラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1−チア−3−セレノラン、2,6−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル−1,3,5−トリセレナン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)トリシクロセレナオクタン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)ジシクロセレナノナン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)セレノファン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)セレノファン、2−(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−5−(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1−セレナシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1−セレナシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1−セレナシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1,4−ジテルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1,4−ジテルラン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1,3−ジテルラン、(2,4または2,5または5,6)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1,3−ジテルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1−チア−4−テルラン、(2,3または2,5または2,6または3,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1−チア−4−テルラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1、3−ジテルロラン、(2,4または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1、3−ジテルロラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1−チア−3−テルロラン、(2,4または2,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1−チア−3−テルロラン、2,6−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル−1,3,5−トリテルラン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)トリシクロテルラオクタン、ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)ジシクロテルラノナン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)テルロファン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または3,4)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)テルロファン、2−(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−5−(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1−テルラシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(3,4−エピチオ−1−テルロブチル)−1−テルラシクロヘキサン、(2,3または2,4または2,5または2,6または3,4または3,5または4,5)−ビス(4,5−エピチオ−2−テルロペンチル)−1−テルラシクロヘキサン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)ベンゼン、(1,3または1,4)−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロメチル)ベンゼン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)フェニル〕メタン、2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)フェニル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)フェニル〕スルフィド、ビス〔4−(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)フェニル〕スルフォン、4,4’−ビス(β−エピチオプロピルテルロ)ビフェニル等のエピチオアルキルテルロ基を1個以上有するエピスルフィド類、ビニルフェニルチオグリシジルエーテル、ビニルベンジルチオグリシジルエーテル、チオグリシジルメタクリレート、チオグリシジルアクリレート、アリルチオグリシジルエーテル等の不飽和基を有するエピスルフィド類、エチレンスルフィド、プロピレンスルフィド、チオグリシドール、チオグリシジル酢酸エステル、チオグリシジルプロピオン酸エステル、チオグリシジル安息香酸エステル等のその他のエピスルフィド類、さらには、以上列記のエピスルフィド化合物のエピチオ基の水素の1個以上がメチル基で置換されたエピスルフィド類等があげられる。これら(a)化合物は、単独でも、2種類以上を混合して使用してもかまわない。
(a)化合物のうち好ましいものは、下記(1)式で表される構造を1分子中に2個以上有する化合物であり、
(A) The compounds are exemplified below. 1,1-bis (epithioethyl) methane, 1- (epithioethyl) -1- (β-epithiopropyl) methane, 1,1-bis (β-epithiopropyl) methane 1- (epithioethyl) -1- (β -Epithiopropyl) ethane, 1,2-bis (β-epithiopropyl) ethane, 1- (epithioethyl) -3- (β-epithiopropyl) butane, 1,3-bis (β-epithiopropyl) Propane, 1- (epithioethyl) -4- (β-epithiopropyl) pentane, 1,4-bis (β-epithiopropyl) butane, 1- (epithioethyl) -5- (β-epithiopropyl) hexane, 1- (epithioethyl) -2- (γ-epithiobutylthio) ethane, 1- (epithioethyl) -2- [2- (γ-epithiobutylthio) ethylthio] ethane, tetrakis (β -Epithiopropyl) methane, 1,1,1-tris (β-epithiopropyl) propane, 1,3-bis (β-epithiopropyl) -1- (β-epithiopropyl) -2-thiapropane, 1,5-bis (β-epithiopropyl) -2,4-bis (β-epithiopropyl) -3-thiapentane, (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (epithioethyl) cyclohexane, (1,3 Or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropyl) cyclohexane, bis [4- (epithioethyl) cyclohexyl] methane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropyl) cyclohexyl] methane, 2,2-bis [4- (Epithioethyl) cyclohexyl] propane, 2,2-bis [4- (β-epithiopropyl) cyclohexyl] propane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropyl) cyclo Xyl] sulfide, bis [4- (epithioethyl) cyclohexyl] sulfide, 2,5-bis (epithioethyl) -1,4-dithiane, 2,5-bis (β-epithiopropyl) -1,4-dithiane, -Epithioethyl-1,2-cyclohexene sulfide, 4-epoxy-1,2-cyclohexene sulfide, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (1,2-epithioethyl) -1,4-diselenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (2,3-epithiopropyl) -1,4-diselenane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (1,2 -Epithioethyl) -1,3-diselenane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (2,4-epithiopropyl) -1,3-diselenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or , 6 or 3,5) -bis (1,2-epithioethyl) -1-thia-4-selenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (2,3-epi (Thiopropyl) -1-thia-4-selenane, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (1,2-epithioethyl) -1,3-diselenolane, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (2 , 4-Epithiopropyl) -1,3-diselenolan, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (1,2-epithioethyl) -1-thia-3-selenolan, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (2,4-epithiopropyl) -1-thia-3-selenolane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (1, 2-epithioethyl) selenophane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3, ) -Bis (2,3-epithiopropyl) selenophane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (1,2-epithioethyl) -1,4-ditelluran, (2,3 or 2 , 5 or 2,6) -bis (2,3-epithiopropyl) -1,4-ditelluran, (2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (1,2-epithioethyl) -1, 3-ditellurane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (2,4-epithiopropyl) -1,3-ditellurane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3, 5) -Bis (1,2-epithioethyl) -1-thia-4-telluran, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (2,3-epithiopropyl) -1 -Thia-4-tellurane, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (1,2-epithioethyl) ) -1,3-ditellurolan, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (2,4-epithiopropyl) -1,3-ditellurolan, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5)- Bis (1,2-epithioethyl) -1-thia-3-tellurolan, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (2,4-epithiopropyl) -1-thia-3-tellurolane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (1,2-epithioethyl) tellurophane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (2, 3- (epithiopropyl) terenophane, (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (epithioethyl) benzene, (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropyl) benzene, bis [4- (epithioethyl) ) Phenyl] methane, bis [4- (β-epi Thiopropyl) phenyl] methane, 2,2-bis [4- (epithioethyl) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [4- (β-epithiopropyl) phenyl] propane, bis [4- (epithioethyl) phenyl] sulfide , Bis [4- (β-epithiopropyl) phenyl] sulfide, bis [4- (epithioethyl) phenyl] sulfone, bis [4- (β-epithiopropyl) phenyl] sulfone, 4,4′-bis (epithioethyl ) Episulfides having a linear aliphatic skeleton such as biphenyl and 4,4'-bis (β-epithiopropyl) biphenyl; and thio such as methylthioglycidyl ether, ethylthioglycidyl ether, propylthioglycidyl ether and butylthioglycidyl ether. Glycidyl ethers, bis (β-epithiopropyl ) Ether, bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) methane, 1,2-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) ethane, 1,3-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) propane, 1,2-bis ( β-epithiopropyloxy) propane, 1- (β-epithiopropyloxy) -2- (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) propane, 1,4-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) butane, 1, 3-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) butane, 1- (β-epithiopropyloxy) -3- (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) butane, 1,5-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) Pentane, 1- (β-epithiopropyloxy) -4- (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) pentane, 1,6-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) hexane, 1- ( -Epithiopropyloxy) -5- (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) hexane, 1- (β-epithiopropyloxy) -2-[(2-β-epithiopropyloxyethyl) oxy] ethane, 1 -(Β-epithiopropyloxy) -2-[[2- (2-β-epithiopropyloxyethyl) oxyethyl] oxy] ethane, bis (5,6-epithio-3-oxahexyl) selenide, bis ( 5,6-epithio-3-oxahexyl) telluride, tetrakis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) methane, 1,1,1-tris (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) propane, 1,5-bis (β -Epithiopropyloxy) -2-([beta] -epithiopropyloxymethyl) -3-thiapentane, 1,5-bis ([beta] -epithiopropyloxy) -2, -Bis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -3-thiapentane, 1- (β-epithiopropyloxy) -2,2-bis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -4-thiahexane, 1,5 6-tris (β-epithiopropyloxy) -4- (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -3-thiahexane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) -4- (β-epithiopropyl (Oxymethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) -4,5bis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis ( β-epithiopropyloxy) -4,4-bis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) -2,4 -Tris (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) -2,5-bis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -3,6 -Dithiaoctane, 1,9-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) -5- (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -5-[(2-β-epithiopropyloxyethyl) oxymethyl] -3,7 -Dithianonane, 1,10-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) -5,6-bis [(2-β-epithiopropyloxyethyl) oxy] -3,6,9-trithiadecane, 1,11-bis (Β-epithiopropyloxy) -4,8-bis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) -5 7-bis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) -5,7-[(2-β-epithiopropyl Oxyethyl) oxymethyl] -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) -4,7-bis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -3,6, 9-trithiaundecane, (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) cyclohexane, (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) cyclohexane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropyloxy) cyclohexyl] methane, 2,2-bis [4- (β-epithiopropyloxy) cyclohexyl] propane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropyl) Loxy) cyclohexyl] sulfide, 2,5-bis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) -1,4-dithiane, 2,5-bis (β-epithiopropyloxyethyloxymethyl) -1,4-dithiane, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) -1,3-diselenolan, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-oxabutyl) (Pentyl) -1,3-diselenolan, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) -1-thia-3-selenolan, (2,4 or 2 , 5 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-oxapentyl) -1-thia-3-selenolane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) tricycloselenaoctane, bis (3 , 4-epi (Thio-1-oxabutyl) dicycloselenanane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) selenophane, (2,3 or 2 , 4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-oxapentyl) selenophane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (3,4-epithio- 1-oxabutyl) -1,4-diselenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-oxapentyl) -1,4-diselenane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) -1,3-diselenane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (4,5-epithio- 2-oxapentyl) -1,3-diselenane, (2, Or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) -1-thia-4-selenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3, 5) -Bis (4,5-epithio-2-oxapentyl) -1-thia-4-selenane, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) -1, 3-ditellolane, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-oxapentyl) -1,3-ditellolane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis ( 3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) -1-thia-3-tellurolan, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-oxapentyl) -1-thia -3-tellurolane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) Li cycloalkyl shine octane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane shine nonane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) - bis (3,4
-Epithio-1-oxabutyl) tellurophan, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-oxapentyl) tellurophan, (2,3 or 2,5 Or 2,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) -1,4-ditelluran, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-oxabutyl) (Pentyl) -1,4-ditelluran, (2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-oxabutyl) -1,3-ditelluran, (2,4 or 2,5 Or 2,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-oxapentyl) -1,3-ditelluran, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (3,4- Epithio-1-oxabutyl) -1-thia-4-tellura , (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-oxapentyl) -1-thia-4-tellurane, (1,3 or 1,4) -Bis (β-epithiopropyloxy) benzene, (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropyloxymethyl) benzene, bis [4- (β-epithiopropyl) phenyl] methane, , 2-bis [4- (β-epithiopropylthio) phenyl] propane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropylthio) phenyl] sulfide, bis [4- (β-epithiopropylthio) phenyl] sulfone Having one or more epithioalkyloxy groups, such as 4,4'-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) biphenyl, bis (β-epithiopropyl) sulfide, bis (β-epithiothio) Ropyl) disulfide, bis (β-epithiopropyl) trisulfide, bis (β-epithiopropylthio) methane, 1,2-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) ethane, 1,3-bis (β-epi Thiopropylthio) propane, 1,2-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) propane, 1- (β-epithiopropylthio) -2- (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) propane, 1,4-bis (Β-epithiopropylthio) butane, 1,3-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) butane, 1- (β-epithiopropylthio) -3- (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) butane, 1,5-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) pentane, 1- (β-epithiopropylthio) -4- (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) pentane, 1,6-bis (β-epithiopro Ruthio) hexane, 1- (β-epithiopropylthio) -5- (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) hexane, 1- (β-epithiopropylthio) -2-[(2-β-epithiopropyl Thioethyl) thio] ethane, 1- (β-epithiopropylthio) -2-[[2- (2-β-epithiopropylthioethyl) thioethyl] thio] ethane, tetrakis (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl ) Methane, 1,1,1-tris (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) propane, 1,5-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) -2- (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) -3-thiapentane 1,5-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) -2,4-bis (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) -3-thiapentane, 1- (β-epithiopropylthio) -2,2-bis (Β Epithiopropylthiomethyl) -4-thiahexane, 1,5,6-tris (β-epithiopropylthio) -4- (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) -3-thiahexane, 1,8-bis (β -Epithiopropylthio) -4- (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) -4,5bis (β-epithiopropylthio) Methyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) -4,4-bis (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis ( β-epithiopropylthio) -2,4,5-tris (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) -2,5-bis (Β-epithio Propylthiomethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,9-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) -5- (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) -5-[(2-β-epithiopropylthioethyl ) Thiomethyl] -3,7-dithianonane, 1,10-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) -5,6-bis [(2-β-epithiopropylthioethyl) thio] -3,6,9- Trithiadecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) -4,8-bis (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithio Thiopropylthio) -5,7-bis (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) -5,7-[( 2-β-epithiopropylthioe Tyl) thiomethyl] -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) -4,7-bis (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) -3,6,9- Trithiaundecane, tetra [2- (β-epithiopropylthio) acetylmethyl] methane, 1,1,1-tri [2- (β-epithiopropylthio) acetylmethyl] propane, tetra [2- (β -Epithiopropylthiomethyl) acetylmethyl] methane, 1,1,1-tri [2- (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) acetylmethyl] propane, bis (5,6-epithio-3-thiahexyl) selenide, 2,3-bis (6,7-epithio-1-selena-4-thiaheptyl) -1- (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) propane, 1,1,3,3-tetrakis (4,5 Epithio-2-thiapentyl) -2-selenapropane, bis (4,5-thioepoxy-2-thiapentyl) -3,6,9-triselenaundecane-1,11-bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) ), 1,4-bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -2,3-bis (6,7-epithio-1-selena-4-thiaheptyl) butane, tris (4,5-epithio-2) -Thiapentyl) -3-selena-6-thiaoctane-1,8-bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl), bis (5,6-epithio-3-thiahexyl) telluride, 2,3-bis (6 , 7-Epithio-1-tellura-4-thiaheptyl) -1- (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) propane, 1,1,3,3, -tetrakis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) − -Tellurapropane, bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -3,6,9-tritereoundoundane-1,11-bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl), 1,4-bis ( 3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -2,3-bis (6,7-epithio-1-tellura-4-thiaheptyl) butane, tris (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -3-tellura- 6-thiaoctane-1,8-bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl), (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropylthio) cyclohexane, (1,3 or 1,4 ) -Bis (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) cyclohexane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropylthio) cyclohexyl] methane, 2,2-bis [4- (β-epithiopropylthio) cyclohexyl] Propane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropylthio) cyclohexyl] sulfide, 2,5-bis (β-epithiopropylthiomethyl) -1,4-dithiane, 2,5-bis (β-epithiopropyl Thioethylthiomethyl) -1,4-dithiane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1,4-diselenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1,4-diselenane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 5,6) -bis (3,4-epithio- 1-thiabutyl) -1,3-diselenane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 5,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1,3-diselenane, (2,3 or 2 , 5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis ( , 4-Epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1-thia-4-selenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1 -Thia-4-selenane, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1,3-diselenolane, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (4, 5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1,3-diselenolane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1-thia-3-selenolane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1-thia-3-selenolan, 2,6-bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1,3,5-triselenane, bis (3,4-epithio-1 Thiabutyl) tricycloselenaoctane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyldicycloselenananane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (3,4-epithio- 1-thiabutyl) selenophane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) selenophane, 2- (4,5-epithio-2) -Thiapentyl) -5- (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1-selenacyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or 3,5 or 4, 5) -Bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1-selenacyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or 3,5 or 4,5) -Bis (4,5- Epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1-selenacyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1,4-ditelluran, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1,4-ditelluran, (2,4 or 2,5 or 5,6) -bis (3,4-epithio- 1-thiabutyl) -1,3-ditellurane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 5,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1,3-ditellane, (2,3 or 2 , 5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1-thia-4-telluran, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -Bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1-thia 4-tellurane, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1,3-ditellurolan, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio) -2-thiapentyl) -1,3-ditellolane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1-thia-3-tellurolane, 4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1-thia-3-tellurolan, 2,6-bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl-1, 3,5-tritellurane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyltricyclotelluraoctane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) dicyclotelluranonane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2 , 5 or 3,4) -bis (3,4 Epithio-1-thiabutyl) tellurophan, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) tellurophan, 2- (4,5-epithio-2) -Thiapentyl) -5- (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1-telluracyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or 3,5 or 4, 5) -Bis (3,4-epithio-1-thiabutyl) -1-telluracyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or 3,5 or 4,5) (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropylthio) benzene, (1,3 or 1,4) such as -bis (4,5-epithio-2-thiapentyl) -1-telluracyclohexane -Bis (β-d Thiopropylthiomethyl) benzene, bis [4- (β-epithiopropylthio) phenyl] methane, 2,2-bis [4- (β-epithiopropylthio) phenyl] propane, bis [4- (β- Epithiopropyl
Episulfides having one or more epithioalkylthio groups such as thio) phenyl] sulfide, bis [4- (β-epithiopropylthio) phenyl] sulfone, and 4,4′-bis (β-epithiopropylthio) biphenyl , Bis (β-epithiopropyl) selenide, bis (β-epithiopropyl) diselenide, bis (β-epithiopropyl) triselenide, bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) methane, 1,2-bis (β- Epithiopropylseleno) ethane, 1,3-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) propane, 1,2-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) propane, 1- (β-epithiopropylseleno) -2- (Β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) propane, 1,4-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) butane, 1,3-bis (β-epithi Propylseleno) butane, 1- (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) butane, 1,5-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) pentane, 1- (β-epi Thiopropylseleno) -4- (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) pentane, 1,6-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) hexane, 1- (β-epithiopropylseleno) -5- (β-epi Thiopropylselenomethyl) hexane, 1- (β-epithiopropylselenoethyl) -2-[(2-β-epithiopropylselenoethyl) thio] ethane, 1- (β-epithiopropylseleno) -2- [ [2- (2-β-epithiopropylselenoethyl) selenoethyl] thio] ethane, tetrakis (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) methane, 1,1,1-tris (β- (Pithiopropylselenomethyl) propane, 1,5-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) -2- (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -3-thiapentane, 1,5-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) ) -2,4-Bis (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -3-thiapentane, 1- (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -2,2-bis (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -4-thiahexane 1,5,6-tris (β-epithiopropylseleno) -4- (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -3-thiahexane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) -4- ( β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) -4,5bis (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -3 6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) -4,4-bis (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropyl) Seleno) -2,4,5-tris (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) -2,5-bis (β-epithio) Propylselenomethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,9-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) -5- (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -5-[(2-β-epithiopropylselenoethyl ) Selenomethyl] -3,7-dithianonane, 1,10-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) -5,6-bis [(2-β-epithiopropylselenoethyl) thio] -3,6,9- G Thiadecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) -4,8-bis (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epi Thiopropylseleno) -5,7-bis (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) -5,7-[( 2-β-epithiopropylselenoethyl) selenomethyl] -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) -4,7-bis (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl ) -3,6,9-Trithiaundecane, tetra [2- (β-epithiopropylseleno) acetylmethyl] methane, 1,1,1-tri [2- (β-epithiopropylseleno) acetylmethyl Propane, tetra [2- (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) acetylmethyl] methane, 1,1,1-tri [2- (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) acetylmethyl] propane, bis (5,6- Epithio-3-selenohexyl) selenide, 2,3-bis (6,7-epithio-1-selena-4-selenoheptyl) -1- (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) propane, 1,1, 3,3, -tetrakis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -2-selenapropane, bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -3,6,9-triselenaundecane-1, 11-bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl), 1,4-bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -2,3-bis (6,7-epithio-1-selena-4-) Sele Heptyl) butane, tris (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -3-selena-6-thiaoctane-1,8-bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl), bis (5,6-epithio) -3-selenohexyl) telluride, 2,3-bis (6,7-epithio-1-tellura-4-selenoheptyl) -1- (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) propane, 1,1,3 , 3, -Tetrakis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -2-tellurapropane, bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -3,6,9-tritereoundedecane-1,11 -Bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl), 1,4-bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -2,3-bis (6,7-epithio-1-tellura-4-seleno) Heptyl) pig , Tris (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -3-tellura-6-thiaoctane-1,8-bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl), (1,3 or 1,4)- Bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) cyclohexane, (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) cyclohexane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropylseleno) cyclohexyl] methane, 2 , 2-bis [4- (β-epithiopropylseleno) cyclohexyl] propane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropylseleno) cyclohexyl] sulfide, 2,5-bis (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl)- 1,4-dithiane, 2,5-bis (β-epithiopropylselenoethylthiomethyl) -1,4-dithiane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 ) -Bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -1,4-diselenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -1 , 4-Diselenane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 5,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -1,3-diselenane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 5,6 ) -Bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -1,3-diselenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-) Selenobutyl) -1-thia-4-selenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -1-thia-4-selenane , (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobu) L) -1,3-diselenolan, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -1,3-diselenolan, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4, 5) -Bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -1-thia-3-selenolane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) ) -1-Thia-3-selenolan, 2,6-bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl-1,3,5-triselenane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) tricycloselena Octane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) dicycloselenanane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) seleno Fan, (2, 3 or 2 4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) selenophane, 2- (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -5- (3,4-epithio -1-selenobutyl) -1-selenacyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or 3,5 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1 -Selenobutyl) -1-selenacyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or 3,5 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-seleno (Pentyl) -1-selenacyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -1,4-ditelluran, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (4,5-e (Phithio-2-selenopentyl) -1,4-ditelluran, (2,4 or 2,5 or 5,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -1,3-ditelluran, 4 or 2,5 or 5,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -1,3-ditelluran, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -1-thia-4-telluran, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) ) -1-Thia-4-telluran, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -1,3-ditellurolan, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -1,3-ditellolane (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -1-thia-3-tellurolan, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -1-thia-3-tellurolan, 2,6-bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl-1,3,5-tritellurane, bis (3 4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) tricyclotelluraoctane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) dicyclotelluranonane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis ( 3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) tellurophan, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) tellurophan, 2- (4,4 5-epithio-2-se Nopentyl) -5- (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -1-telluracyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or 3,5 or 4,5 ) -Bis (3,4-epithio-1-selenobutyl) -1-telluracyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or 3,5 or 4,5)- Bis (4,5-epithio-2-selenopentyl) -1-telluracyclohexane, (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) benzene, (1,3 or 1,4)- Bis (β-epithiopropylselenomethyl) benzene, bis [4- (β-epithiopropylseleno) phenyl] methane, 2,2-bis [4- (β-epithiopropylseleno) phenyl] propane, bis [ -(Β-epithiopropylseleno) phenyl] sulfide, bis [4- (β-epithiopropylseleno) phenyl] sulfone, epithioalkylseleno such as 4,4′-bis (β-epithiopropylseleno) biphenyl Episulfides having one or more groups, bis (β-epithiopropyl) telluride, bis (β-epithiopropyl) ditelluride, bis (β-epithiopropyl) tritelluride, bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) methane, 1,2-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) ethane, 1,3-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) propane, 1,2-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) propane, 1- (β- Epithiopropyltelluro) -2- (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) propane, 1,4-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) Butane, 1,3-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) butane, 1- (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -3- (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) butane, 1,5-bis (β-epi Thiopropyl ter
B) pentane, 1- (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -4- (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) pentane, 1,6-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) hexane, 1- (β-epithio Propyltelluro) -5- (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) hexane, 1- (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -2-[(2-β-epithiopropyltelluroethyl) thio] ethane, 1- (β -Epithiopropyltelluro) -2-[[2- (2- [beta] -epithiopropyltelluroethyl) telluroethyl] thio] ethane, tetrakis ([beta] -epithiopropyltelluromethyl) methane, 1,1,1-tris ( β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) propane, 1,5-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -2- (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -3-thiapentane, 5-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -2,4-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -3-thiapentane, 1- (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -2,2-bis (β- Epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -4-thiahexane, 1,5,6-tris (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -4- (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -3-thiahexane, 1,8-bis (β -Epithiopropyltelluro) -4- (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -4,5bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) Methyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -4,4-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8- Bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -2,4,5-tris (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -2,5 -Bis (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,9-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -5- (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -5-[(2- β-epithiopropyltelluroethyl) selenomethyl] -3,7-dithianonane, 1,10-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -5,6-bis [(2-β-epithiopropyltelluroethyl) thio] -3,6,9-trithiadecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -4,8-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1 1-bis (β-epi.`propylpropyltelluro) -5,7-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropyl) Telluro) -5,7-[(2-β-epithiopropyltelluroethyl) selenomethyl] -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) -4,7- Bis (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, tetra [2- (β-epithiopropyltelluro) acetylmethyl] methane, 1,1,1-tri [2- (β -Epithiopropyltelluro) acetylmethyl] propane, tetra [2- (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) acetylmethyl] methane, 1,1,1-tri [2- (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) acetate Methyl] propane, bis (5,6-epithio-3-tellurohexyl) selenide, 2,3-bis (6,7-epithio-1-selena-4-telluroheptyl) -1- (3,4-epithio-1- Tellurobutyl) propane, 1,1,3,3-tetrakis (4,5-epithio-2-telluropentyl) -2-selenapropane, bis (4,5-epithio-2-telluropentyl) -3,6,9- Triselenaundecane-1,11-bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl), 1,4-bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -2,3-bis (6,7-epithio- 1-Selena-4-telluroheptyl) butane, tris (4,5-epithio-2-tellulopentyl) -3-selena-6-thiaoctane-1,8-bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellulobuti) ), Bis (5,6-epithio-3-tellurohexyl) telluride, 2,3-bis (6,7-epithio-1-tellura-4-telluroheptyl) -1- (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) Propane, 1,1,3,3-tetrakis (4,5-epithio-2-telluropentyl) -2-tellurapropane, bis (4,5-epithio-2-tellulopentyl) -3,6,9-triterella Undecane-1,11-bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl), 1,4-bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -2,3-bis (6,7-epithio-1- Tellurium-4-telluroheptyl) butane, tris (4,5-epithio-2-tellulopentyl) -3-tellura-6-thiaoctane-1,8-bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl), (1,3 Also Is 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) cyclohexane, (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) cyclohexane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropyltelluro) ) Cyclohexyl] methane, 2,2-bis [4- (β-epithiopropyltelluro) cyclohexyl] propane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropyltelluro) cyclohexyl] sulfide, 2,5-bis (β-epi Thiopropyltelluromethyl) -1,4-dithiane, 2,5-bis (β-epithiopropyltelluroethylthiomethyl) -1,4-dithiane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1,4-diselenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-telluropenti) ) -1,4-diselenane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 5,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1,3-diselenane, (2,4 or 2,5 or (5,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-telluropentyl) -1,3-diselenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (3,4-epithio- 1-tellurobutyl) -1-thia-4-selenane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-tellulopentyl) -1-thia-4- Selenane, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1,3-diselenolane, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2) -Telluropentyl) -1,3-diselenolan, (2,4 or 2,5 or more) Is 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1-thia-3-selenolan, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2 -Telluropentyl) -1-thia-3-selenolan, 2,6-bis (4,5-epithio-2-tellulopentyl-1,3,5-triselenane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) tricyclo Selenaoctane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) dicycloselenanane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) Selenophane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-tellulopentyl) selenophane, 2- (4,5-epithio-2-telllopentyl)- 5- (3, 4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1-selenacyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or 3,5 or 4,5) -bis (3,4- Epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1-selenacyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or 3,5 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio- 2-telluropentyl) -1-selenacyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1,4-ditelluran, (2,3 or 2, 5 or 2,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-tellulopentyl) -1,4-ditelluran, (2,4 or 2,5 or 5,6) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-) Tellurobutyl) -1,3-ditell , (2,4 or 2,5 or 5,6) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-telluropentyl) -1,3-ditelluran, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3, 5) -Bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1-thia-4-telluran, (2,3 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,5) -bis (4,5-epithio- 2-telluropentyl) -1-thia-4-telluran, (2,4 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1,3-ditellolane, (2,4 or 4,5 ) -Bis (4,5-epithio-2-telluropentyl) -1,3-ditellolane, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1- Thia-3-tellurolan, (2,4 or 2,5 or 4,5)- (4,5-epithio-2-telluropentyl) -1-thia-3-tellurolan, 2,6-bis (4,5-epithio-2-tellulopentyl-1,3,5-tritellurane, bis (3,4 -Epithio-1-tellurobutyl) tricyclotelluraoctane, bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) dicyclotelluranonane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (3 , 4-Epithio-1-tellurobutyl) tellurophan, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 3,4) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-tellulopentyl) tellurophan, 2- (4,5- Epithio-2-tellulopentyl) -5- (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1-telluracyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or Is 3,5 or 4,5) -bis (3,4-epithio-1-tellurobutyl) -1-telluracyclohexane, (2,3 or 2,4 or 2,5 or 2,6 or 3,4 or 3 , 5 or 4,5) -bis (4,5-epithio-2-tellulopentyl) -1-telluracyclohexane, (1,3 or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropyltelluro) benzene, (1, 3 or 1,4) -bis (β-epithiopropyltelluromethyl) benzene, bis [4- (β-epithiopropyltelluro) phenyl] methane, 2,2-bis [4- (β-epithiopropyltelluro) ) Phenyl) propane, bis [4- (β-epithiopropyltelluro) phenyl] sulfide, bis [4- (β-epithiopropyltelluro) phenyl] sulfone, 4,4′-bis (β-epithiop Episulfides having at least one epithioalkyltelluro group such as pyrtelluro) biphenyl; and episulfides having an unsaturated group such as vinylphenylthioglycidyl ether, vinylbenzylthioglycidyl ether, thioglycidyl methacrylate, thioglycidyl acrylate, and allylthioglycidyl ether. And other episulfides such as ethylene sulfide, propylene sulfide, thioglycidol, thioglycidyl acetate, thioglycidyl propionate, thioglycidyl benzoate, and one of the hydrogens of the epithio group of the episulfide compounds listed above. These include episulfides substituted with a methyl group. These compounds (a) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Preferred among the compounds (a) are compounds having two or more structures represented by the following formula (1) in one molecule,
より好ましくは、下記(2)式で表される構造である化合物であり、
特に好ましくは、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)スルフィド、又はビス(β−エピチオプロピル)ジスルフィドである。
More preferably, it is a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (2),
Particularly preferred is bis (β-epithiopropyl) sulfide or bis (β-epithiopropyl) disulfide.
本発明で使用する(b)化合物である、硫黄原子および/またはセレン原子を有する無機化合物は、(a)化合物、(b)化合物および(c)化合物の合計を100重量部とした場合、0.1〜50重量部使用するが、好ましくは0.5〜45重量部、特に好ましくは5〜40重量部である。
(b)化合物を以下に例示する。硫黄原子を有する無機化合物の具体例としては、硫黄、硫化水素、硫化セレン、二硫化炭素、セレノ硫化炭素、硫化アンモニウム、二酸化硫黄、三酸化硫黄等の硫黄酸化物、チオ炭酸塩、硫酸およびその塩、硫酸水素塩、亜硫酸塩、次亜硫酸塩、過硫酸塩、チオシアン酸塩、チオ硫酸塩、二塩化硫黄、塩化チオニル、チオホスゲン等のハロゲン化物、硫化硼素、硫化窒素、硫化珪素、硫化リン、硫化砒素、金属硫化物、金属水硫化物等、セレン原子を有する無機化合物とは、硫黄原子を含む無機化合物の具体例として挙げたセレノ硫化炭素、硫化セレンを除き、この条件を満たす無機化合物をすべて包括する。具体例としては、セレン、セレン化水素、二酸化セレン、二セレン化炭素、セレン化アンモニウム、二酸化セレン等のセレン酸化物、セレン酸およびその塩、亜セレン酸およびその塩、セレン酸水素塩、セレノ硫酸およびその塩、セレノピロ硫酸およびその塩、四臭化セレン、オキシ塩化セレン等のハロゲン化物、セレノシアン酸塩、セレン化硼素、セレン化リン、セレン化砒素、金属のセレン化物等があげられる。これら硫黄原子およびセレン原子を有する無機化合物は、単独でも、2種類以上を混合して使用してもかまわない。
(b)化合物のうち好ましいものは、硫黄原子を有する無機化合物であり、特に好ましくは、硫黄である。
The inorganic compound having a sulfur atom and / or a selenium atom, which is the compound (b) used in the present invention, is 0% when the total of the compound (a), the compound (b) and the compound (c) is 100 parts by weight. 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 45 parts by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 40 parts by weight.
(B) The compounds are exemplified below. Specific examples of the inorganic compound having a sulfur atom include sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, selenium sulfide, carbon disulfide, selenocarbon sulfide, ammonium sulfide, sulfur oxide, sulfur oxides such as sulfur trioxide, thiocarbonate, sulfuric acid and the like. Salts, bisulfites, sulfites, hyposulfites, persulfates, thiocyanates, thiosulfates, sulfur dichloride, thionyl chloride, halides such as thiophosgene, boron sulfide, nitrogen sulfide, silicon sulfide, phosphorus sulfide, Inorganic compounds having a selenium atom, such as arsenic sulfide, metal sulfide, metal hydrosulfide, etc. All inclusive. Specific examples include selenium oxides such as selenium, hydrogen selenide, selenium dioxide, carbon diselenide, ammonium selenide, selenium dioxide, selenic acid and its salts, selenous acid and its salts, hydrogen selenate, Sulfuric acid and its salts, selenopirosulfuric acid and its salts, halides such as selenium tetrabromide and selenium oxychloride, selenocyanates, boron selenide, phosphorus selenide, arsenic selenide, metal selenides and the like can be mentioned. These inorganic compounds having a sulfur atom and a selenium atom may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
(B) Among the compounds, preferred are inorganic compounds having a sulfur atom, and particularly preferred is sulfur.
本発明で使用する(c)化合物である、メルカプト基を1分子あたり1個以上有する化合物は、(a)化合物、(b)化合物及び(c)化合物の合計を100重量部とした場合、1〜50重量部使用するが、好ましくは3〜40重量部、特に好ましくは5〜30重量部である。
(c)化合物を以下に例示する。メチルメルカプタン、エチルメルカプタン、n−プロピルメルカプタン、n−ブチルメルカプタン、アリルメルカプタン、n−ヘキシルメルカプタン、n−オクチルメルカプタン、n−デシルメルカプタン、n−ドデシルメルカプタン、n−テトラデシルメルカプタン、n−ヘキサデシルメルカプタン、n−オクタデシルメルカプタン、シクロヘキシルメルカプタン、i−プロピルメルカプタン、t−ブチルメルカプタン、t−ノニルメルカプタン、t−ドデシルメルカプタン、フェニルメルカプタン、ベンジルメルカプタン、3−メチルフェニルメルカプタン、4−メチルフェニルメルカプタン、4−クロロベンジルメルカプタン、4−ビニルベンジルメルカプタン、3−ビニルベンジルメルカプタン、メチルメルカプトプロピオネート、2−メルカプトエタノール、3−メルカプト−1,2−プロパンジオール、2−メルカプト−1,3−プロパンジオール、メルカプト酢酸、メルカプトグリコール酸、メルカプトプロピオン酸、メタンジチオール、1,2−ジメルカプトエタン、1,2−ジメルカプトプロパン、1,3−ジメルカプトプロパン、2,2−ジメルカプトプロパン、1,4−ジメルカプトブタン、1,6−ジメルカプトヘキサン、ビス(メルカプトメチル)エーテル、ビス(2−メルカプトエチル)エーテル、ビス(メルカプトメチル)スルフィド、ビス(2−メルカプトエチル)スルフィド、ビス(1,2−ジメルカプトエチル)スルフィド、ビス(2,3−ジメルカプトプロピル)スルフィド、1,2−ビス(2−メルカプトエチルオキシ)エタン、1,2−ビス(2−メルカプトエチルチオ)エタン、2,3−ジメルカプト−1−プロパノール、1,3−ジメルカプト−2−プロパノール、1,2,3−トリメルカプトプロパン、2−メルカプトメチル−1,3−ジメルカプトプロパン、2−メルカプトメチル−1,4−ジメルカプトブタン、2−(2−メルカプトエチルチオ)−1,3−ジメルカプトプロパン、4−メルカプトメチル−1,8−ジメルカプト−3,6−ジチアオクタン、2,4−ジメルカプトメチル−1,5−ジメルカプト−3−チアペンタン、4,8−ジメルカプトメチル−1,11−ジメルカプト−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、4,7−ジメルカプトメチル−1,11−ジメルカプト−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、5,7−ジメルカプトメチル−1,11−ジメルカプト−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,2,7−トリメルカプト−4,6−ジチアヘプタン、1,2,9−トリメルカプト−4,6,8−トリチアノナン、1,2,10,11−テトラメルカプト−4,6,8−トリチアウンデカン、1,2,12,13−テトラメルカプト−4,6,8,10−テトラチアトリデカン、1,1,1−トリス(メルカプトメチル)プロパン、テトラキス(メルカプトメチル)メタン、エチレングリコールビス(2−メルカプトアセテート)、エチレングリコールビス(3−メルカプトプロピオネート)、ジエチレングリコールビス(2−メルカプトアセテート)、ジエチレングリコールビス(3−メルカプトプロピオネート)、1,4−ブタンジオールビス(2−メルカプトアセテート)、1,4−ブタンジオールビス(3−メルカプトプロピオネート)、トリメチロールプロパントリス(2−メルカプトアセテート)、トリメチロールプロパントリス(3−メルカプトプロピオネート)、 ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス(2−メルカプトセテート)、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス(3−メルカプトプロピオネート)、1,2−ジメルカプトシクロヘキサン、1,3−ジメルカプトシクロヘキサン、1,4−ジメルカプトシクロヘキサン、1,3−ビス(メルカプトメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,4−ビス(メルカプトメチル)シクロヘキサン、2,5−ビス(メルカプトメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、2,5−ビス(2−メルカプトエチル)−1,4−ジチアン、2,5−ビス(2−メルカプトエチルチオメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、2,5−ビス(メルカプトメチル)−1−チアン、2,5−ビス(2−メルカプトエチル)−1−チアン、2,5−ビス(メルカプトメチル)チオフェン、1,2−ジメルカプトベンゼン、1,3−ジメルカプトベンゼン、1,4−ジメルカプトベンゼン、1,3−ビス(メルカプトメチル)ベンゼン、1,4−ビス(メルカプトメチル)ベンゼン、2,2’−ジメルカプトビフェニル、4、4’−ジメルカプトビフェニル、ビス(4−メルカプトフェニル)メタン、2,2−ビス(4−メルカプトフェニル)プロパン、ビス(4−メルカプトフェニル)エーテル、ビス(4−メルカプトフェニル)スルフィド、ビス(4−メルカプトフェニル)スルホン、ビス(4−メルカプトメチルフェニル)メタン、2,2−ビス(4−メルカプトメチルフェニル)プロパン、ビス(4−メルカプトメチルフェニル)エーテル、ビス(4−メルカプトメチルフェニル)スルフィド、4−ヒドロキシチオフェノール、メルカプト安息香酸等があげられる。これらメルカプタン類は、単独でも、2種類以上を混合して使用してもかまわない。
(b)化合物のうち好ましいものは、メルカプト基を1分子あたり2個以上有するポリメルカプト化合物であり、特に好ましくは、スルフィド結合を1分子あたり1個以上有するポリメルカプト化合物である。
The compound (c) having one or more mercapto groups per molecule, which is used in the present invention, is 1 compound when the total of the compound (a), the compound (b) and the compound (c) is 100 parts by weight. It is used in an amount of 50 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 40 parts by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight.
(C) The compounds are exemplified below. Methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, n-propyl mercaptan, n-butyl mercaptan, allyl mercaptan, n-hexyl mercaptan, n-octyl mercaptan, n-decyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, n-tetradecyl mercaptan, n-hexadecyl mercaptan N-octadecyl mercaptan, cyclohexyl mercaptan, i-propyl mercaptan, t-butyl mercaptan, t-nonyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, phenyl mercaptan, benzyl mercaptan, 3-methylphenyl mercaptan, 4-methylphenyl mercaptan, 4-chlorophenyl Benzyl mercaptan, 4-vinylbenzyl mercaptan, 3-vinylbenzyl mercaptan, methyl mercaptopropionate, -Mercaptoethanol, 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol, 2-mercapto-1,3-propanediol, mercaptoacetic acid, mercaptoglycolic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, methanedithiol, 1,2-dimercaptoethane, 1, 2-dimercaptopropane, 1,3-dimercaptopropane, 2,2-dimercaptopropane, 1,4-dimercaptobutane, 1,6-dimercaptohexane, bis (mercaptomethyl) ether, bis (2-mercapto Ethyl) ether, bis (mercaptomethyl) sulfide, bis (2-mercaptoethyl) sulfide, bis (1,2-dimercaptoethyl) sulfide, bis (2,3-dimercaptopropyl) sulfide, 1,2-bis ( 2-mercaptoethyloxy) ethane, 1,2 Bis (2-mercaptoethylthio) ethane, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol, 1,3-dimercapto-2-propanol, 1,2,3-trimercaptopropane, 2-mercaptomethyl-1,3-di Mercaptopropane, 2-mercaptomethyl-1,4-dimercaptobutane, 2- (2-mercaptoethylthio) -1,3-dimercaptopropane, 4-mercaptomethyl-1,8-dimercapto-3,6-dithiaoctane 2,4-dimercaptomethyl-1,5-dimercapto-3-thiapentane, 4,8-dimercaptomethyl-1,11-dimercapto-3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 4,7-dimercaptomethyl -1,11-dimercapto-3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 5,7-dimercaptomethyl-1,11-di Mercapto-3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,2,7-trimercapto-4,6-dithiaheptane, 1,2,9-trimercapto-4,6,8-trithianonane, 1,2,10, 11-tetramercapto-4,6,8-trithiaundecane, 1,2,12,13-tetramercapto-4,6,8,10-tetrathiatridecane, 1,1,1-tris (mercaptomethyl) Propane, tetrakis (mercaptomethyl) methane, ethylene glycol bis (2-mercaptoacetate), ethylene glycol bis (3-mercaptopropionate), diethylene glycol bis (2-mercaptoacetate), diethylene glycol bis (3-mercaptopropionate) , 1,4-butanediol bis (2-mercaptoacetate), 1, -Butanediol bis (3-mercaptopropionate), trimethylolpropanetris (2-mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropanetris (3-mercaptopropionate), pentaerythritol tetrakis (2-mercaptoacetate), pentaerythritol Tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate), 1,2-dimercaptocyclohexane, 1,3-dimercaptocyclohexane, 1,4-dimercaptocyclohexane, 1,3-bis (mercaptomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,4-bis (Mercaptomethyl) cyclohexane, 2,5-bis (mercaptomethyl) -1,4-dithiane, 2,5-bis (2-mercaptoethyl) -1,4-dithiane, 2,5-bis (2-mercaptoethyl Thiomethyl) -1,4- Thian, 2,5-bis (mercaptomethyl) -1-thiane, 2,5-bis (2-mercaptoethyl) -1-thiane, 2,5-bis (mercaptomethyl) thiophene, 1,2-dimercaptobenzene 1,3-dimercaptobenzene, 1,4-dimercaptobenzene, 1,3-bis (mercaptomethyl) benzene, 1,4-bis (mercaptomethyl) benzene, 2,2′-dimercaptobiphenyl, 4, 4'-dimercaptobiphenyl, bis (4-mercaptophenyl) methane, 2,2-bis (4-mercaptophenyl) propane, bis (4-mercaptophenyl) ether, bis (4-mercaptophenyl) sulfide, bis (4 -Mercaptophenyl) sulfone, bis (4-mercaptomethylphenyl) methane, 2,2-bis (4-mercap Tomethylphenyl) propane, bis (4-mercaptomethylphenyl) ether, bis (4-mercaptomethylphenyl) sulfide, 4-hydroxythiophenol, mercaptobenzoic acid and the like. These mercaptans may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
Among the compounds (b), preferred are those having two or more mercapto groups per molecule, and particularly preferred are those having one or more sulfide bonds per molecule.
(a)化合物、(b)化合物及び(c)化合物からなる樹脂用組成物を重合して光学材料を得る際に、必要に応じて重合触媒を添加することができる。重合触媒としては、アミン類、ホスフィン類、第4級アンモニウム塩類、第4級ホスホニウム塩類、第3級スルホニウム塩類、第2級ヨードニウム塩類、鉱酸類、ルイス酸類、有機酸類、ケイ酸類、四フッ化ホウ酸類、過酸化物、アゾ系化合物、アルデヒドとアンモニア系化合物の縮合物、グアニジン類、チオ尿素類、チアゾール類、スルフェンアミド類、チウラム類、ジチオカルバミン酸塩類、キサントゲン酸塩類、酸性リン酸エステル類を挙げることができる。以下にこれらの代表的な具体例を示す。 When polymerizing the resin composition comprising the compound (a), the compound (b) and the compound (c) to obtain an optical material, a polymerization catalyst can be added as necessary. Examples of the polymerization catalyst include amines, phosphines, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, tertiary sulfonium salts, secondary iodonium salts, mineral acids, Lewis acids, organic acids, silicic acids, and tetrafluoride. Boric acids, peroxides, azo compounds, condensates of aldehydes and ammonia compounds, guanidines, thioureas, thiazoles, sulfenamides, thiurams, dithiocarbamates, xanthates, acid phosphates And the like. The following are typical examples of these.
(1)エチルアミン、n−プロピルアミン、sec−プロピルアミン、n−ブチルアミン、sec−ブチルアミン、i−ブチルアミン、tert−ブチルアミン、ペンチルアミン、ヘキシルアミン、ヘプチルアミン、オクチルアミン、デシルアミン、ラウリルアミン、ミスチリルアミン、1,2−ジメチルヘキシルアミン、3−ペンチルアミン、2−エチルヘキシルアミン、アリルアミン、アミノエタノール、1−アミノプロパノール、2−アミノプロパノール、アミノブタノール、アミノペンタノール、アミノヘキサノール、3−エトキシプロピルアミン、3−プロポキシプロピルアミン、3−イソプロポキシプロピルアミン、3−ブトキシプロピルアミン、3−イソブトキシプロピルアミン、3−(2−エチルヘキシロキシ)プロピルアミン、アミノシクロペンタン、アミノシクロヘキサン、アミノノルボルネン、アミノメチルシクロヘキサン、アミノベンゼン、ベンジルアミン、フェネチルアミン、α−フェニルエチルアミン、ナフチルアミン、フルフリルアミン等の1級アミン;エチレンジアミン、1,2−ジアミノプロパン、1,3−ジアミノプロパン、1,2−ジアミノブタン、1,3−ジアミノブタン、1,4−ジアミノブタン、1,5−ジアミノペンタン、1,6−ジアミノヘキサン、1,7−ジアミノヘプタン、1,8−ジアミノオクタン、ジメチルアミノプロピルアミン、ジエチルアミノプロピルアミン、ビス−(3−アミノプロピル)エーテル、1,2−ビス−(3−アミノプロポキシ)エタン、1,3−ビス−(3−アミノプロポキシ)−2,2’−ジメチルプロパン、アミノエチルエタノールアミン、1,2−、1,3−あるいは1,4−ビスアミノシクロヘキサン、1,3−あるいは1,4−ビスアミノメチルシクロヘキサン、1,3−あるいは1,4−ビスアミノエチルシクロヘキサン、1,3−あるいは1,4−ビスアミノプロピルシクロヘキサン、水添4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、2−あるいは4−アミノピペリジン、2−あるいは4−アミノメチルピペリジン、2−あるいは4−アミノエチルピペリジン、N−アミノエチルピペリジン、N−アミノプロピルピペリジン、N−アミノエチルモルホリン、N−アミノプロピルモルホリン、イソホロンジアミン、メンタンジアミン、1,4−ビスアミノプロピルピペラジン、o−、m−、あるいはp−フェニレンジアミン、2,4−あるいは2,6−トリレンジアミン、2,4−トルエンジアミン、m−アミノベンジルアミン、4−クロロ−o−フェニレンジアミン、テトラクロロ−p−キシリレンジアミン、4−メトキシ−6−メチル−m−フェニレンジアミン、m−、あるいはp−キシリレンジアミン、1,5−あるいは、2,6−ナフタレンジアミン、ベンジジン、4,4’−ビス(o−トルイジン)、ジアニシジン、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、2,2−(4,4’−ジアミノジフェニル)プロパン、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−チオジアニリン、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、4,4’−ジアミノジトリルスルホン、メチレンビス(o−クロロアニリン)、3,9−ビス(3−アミノプロピル)2,4,8,10−テトラオキサスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン、ジエチレントリアミン、イミノビスプロピルアミン、メチルイミノビスプロピルアミン、ビス(ヘキサメチレン)トリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、ペンタエチレンヘキサミン、N−アミノエチルピペラジン、N−アミノプロピルピペラジン、1,4−ビス(アミノエチルピペラジン)、1,4−ビス(アミノプロピルピペラジン)、2,6−ジアミノピリジン、ビス(3,4−ジアミノフェニル)スルホン等の1級ポリアミン;ジエチルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、ジ−n−ブチルアミン、ジ−sec−ブチルアミン、ジイソブチルアミン、ジ−n−ペンチルアミン、ジ−3−ペンチルアミン、ジヘキシルアミン、オクチルアミン、ジ(2−エチルヘキシル)アミン、メチルヘキシルアミン、ジアリルアミン、ピロリジン、ピペリジン、2−、3−、4−ピコリン、2,4−、2,6−、3,5−ルペチジン、ジフェニルアミン、N−メチルアニリン、N−エチルアニリン、ジベンジルアミン、メチルベンジルアミン、ジナフチルアミン、ピロール、インドリン、インドール、モルホリン等の2級アミン;N,N’−ジメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,2−ジアミノプロパン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,3−ジアミノプロパン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,2−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,3−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,4−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,5−ジアミノペンタン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,6−ジアミノヘキサン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,7−ジアミノヘプタン、N,N’−ジエチルエチレンジアミン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,2−ジアミノプロパン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,3−ジアミノプロパン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,2−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,3−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,4−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,6−ジアミノヘキサン、ピペラジン、2−メチルピペラジン、2,5−あるいは2,6−ジメチルピペラジン、ホモピペラジン、1,1−ジ−(4−ピペリジル)メタン、1,2−ジ−(4−ピペリジル)エタン、1,3−ジ−(4−ピペリジル)プロパン、1,4−ジ−(4−ピペリジル)ブタン、テトラメチルグアニジン等の2級ポリアミン;トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリ−n−プロピルアミン、トリ−iso−プロピルアミン、トリ−1,2−ジメチルプロピルアミン、トリ−3−メトキシプロピルアミン、トリ−n−ブチルアミン、トリ−iso−ブチルアミン、トリ−sec−ブチルアミン、トリ−ペンチルアミン、トリ−3−ペンチルアミン、トリ−n−ヘキシルアミン、トリ−n−オクチルアミン、トリ−2−エチルヘキシルアミン、トリ−ドデシルアミン、トリ−ラウリルアミン、ジシクロヘキシルエチルアミン、シクロヘキシルジエチルアミン、トリ−シクロヘキシルアミン、N,N−ジメチルヘキシルアミン、N−メチルジヘキシルアミン、N,N−ジメチルシクロヘキシルアミン、N−メチルジシクロヘキシルアミン、N、N−ジエチルエタノールアミン、N、N−ジメチルエタノールアミン、N−エチルジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、トリベンジルアミン、N,N−ジメチルベンジルアミン、ジエチルベンジルアミン、トリフェニルアミン、N,N−ジメチルアミノ−p−クレゾール、N,N−ジメチルアミノメチルフェノール、2−(N,N−ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノール、N,N−ジメチルアニリン、N,N−ジエチルアニリン、ピリジン、キノリン、N−メチルモルホリン、N−メチルピペリジン、2−(2−ジメチルアミノエトキシ)−4−メチル−1,3,2−ジオキサボルナン等の3級アミン;テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、ピラジン、N,N’−ジメチルピペラジン、N,N’−ビス((2−ヒドロキシ)プロピル)ピペラジン、ヘキサメチレンテトラミン、N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチル−1,3−ブタンアミン、2−ジメチルアミノ−2−ヒドロキシプロパン、ジエチルアミノエタノール、N,N,N−トリス(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)アミン、2,4,6−トリス(N,N−ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノール、ヘプタメチルイソビグアニド等の3級ポリアミン;イミダゾール、N−メチルイミダゾール、2−メチルイミダゾール、4−メチルイミダゾール、N−エチルイミダゾール、2−エチルイミダゾール、4−エチルイミダゾール、N−ブチルイミダゾール、2−ブチルイミダゾール、N−ウンデシルイミダゾール、2−ウンデシルイミダゾール、N−フェニルイミダゾール、2−フェニルイミダゾール、N−ベンジルイミダゾール、2−ベンジルイミダゾール、1−ベンジル−2−メチルイミダゾール、N−(2’−シアノエチル)−2−メチルイミダゾール、N−(2’−シアノエチル)−2−ウンデシルイミダゾール、N−(2’−シアノエチル)−2−フェニルイミダゾール、3,3−ビス−(2−エチル−4−メチルイミダゾリル)メタン、2−メルカプトイミダゾール、2−メルカプト−N−メチルイミダゾール、2−メルカプトベンゾイミダゾール、3−メルカプト−4−メチル−4H−1,2,4−トリアゾール、5−メルカプト−1−メチル−テトラゾール、2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール、アルキルイミダゾールとイソシアヌール酸の付加物、アルキルイミダゾールとホルムアルデヒドの縮合物等の各種イミダゾール類;1,8−ジアザビシクロ(5,4,0)ウンデセン−7、1,5−ジアザビシクロ(4,3,0)ノネン−5、6−ジブチルアミノ−1,8−ジアザビシクロ(5,4,0)ウンデセン−7等のアミジン類;等に代表されるアミン系化合物、
(2)(1)のアミン類とボランおよび三フッ化ホウ素とのコンプレックス、
(3)トリメチルホスフィン、トリエチルホスフィン、トリ−iso−プロピルホスフィン、トリ−n−ブチルホスフィン、トリ−n−ヘキシルホスフィン、トリ−n−オクチルホスフィン、トリシクロヘキシルホスフィン、トリフェニルホスフィン、トリベンジルホスフィン、トリス(2−メチルフェニル)ホスフィン、トリス(3−メチルフェニル)ホスフィン、トリス(4−メチルフェニル)ホスフィン、トリス(ジエチルアミノ)ホスフィン、トリス(4−メチルフェニル)ホスフィン、ジメチルフェニルホスフィン、ジエチルフェニルホスフィン、ジシクロヘキシルフェニルホスフィン、エチルジフェニルホスフィン、ジフェニルシクロヘキシルホスフィン、クロロジフェニルホスフィン等のホスフィン類、
(4)テトラメチルアンモニウムクロライド、テトラメチルアンモニウムブロマイド、テトラメチルアンモニウムアセテート、テトラエチルアンモニウムクロライド、テトラエチルアンモニウムブロマイド、テトラエチルアンモニウムアセテート、テトラ−n−ブチルアンモニウムフルオライド、テトラ−n−ブチルアンモニウムクロライド、テトラ−n−ブチルアンモニウムブロマイド、テトラ−n−ブチルアンモニウムヨーダイド、テトラ−n−ブチルアンモニウムアセテート、テトラ−n−ブチルアンモニウムボロハイドライド、テトラ−n−ブチルアンモニウムヘキサフルオロホスファイト、テトラ−n−ブチルアンモニウムハイドロゲンサルファイト、テトラ−n−ブチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボーレート、テトラ−n−ブチルアンモニウムテトラフェニルボーレート、テトラ−n−ブチルアンモニウムパラトルエンスルフォネート、テトラ−n−ヘキシルアンモニウムクロライド、テトラ−n−ヘキシルアンモニウムブロマイド、テトラ−n−ヘキシルアンモニウムアセテート、テトラ−n−オクチルアンモニウムクロライド、テトラ−n−オクチルアンモニウムブロマイド、テトラ−n−オクチルアンモニウムアセテート、トリメチル−n−オクチルアンモニウムクロライド、トリメチルデシルアンモニウムクロライド、トリメチルドデシルアンモニウムクロライド、トリメチルセチルアンモニウムクロライド、トリメチルラウリルアンモニウムクロライド、トリメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、トリメチルベンジルアンモニウムブロマイド、トリエチル−n−オクチルアンモニウムクロライド、トリエチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、トリエチルベンジルアンモニウムブロマイド、トリ−n−ブチル−n−オクチルアンモニウムクロライド、トリ−n−ブチルベンジルアンモニウムフルオライド、トリ−n−ブチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、トリ−n−ブチルベンジルアンモニウムブロマイド、トリ−n−ブチルベンジルアンモニウムヨーダイド、n−ブチルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、n−オクチルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、デシルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、ドデシルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、セチルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、ラウリルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、メチルトリフェニルアンモニウムクロライド、メチルトリベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、メチルトリフェニルアンモニウムブロマイド、メチルトリベンジルアンモニウムブロマイド、エチルトリフェニルアンモニウムクロライド、エチルトリベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、エチルトリフェニルアンモニウムブロマイド、エチルトリベンジルアンモニウムブロマイド、n−ブチルトリフェニルアンモニウムクロライド、n−ブチルトリベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、n−ブチルトリフェニルアンモニウムブロマイド、n−ブチルトリベンジルアンモニウムブロマイド、1−メチルピリジニウムクロライド、1−メチルピリジニウムブロマイド、1−エチルピリジニウムクロライド、1−エチルピリジニウムブロマイド、1−n−ブチルピリジニウムクロライド、1−n−ブチルピリジニウムブロマイド、1−n−ヘキシルピリジニウムクロライド、1−n−ヘキシルピリジニウムブロマイド、1−n−オクチルピリジニウムブロマイド、1−n−ドデシルピリジニウムクロライド、1−n−ドデシルピリジニウムブロマイド、1−n−セチルピリジニウムクロライド、1−n−セチルピリジニウムブロマイド、1−フェニルピリジニウムクロライド、1−フェニルピリジニウムブロマイド、1−ベンジルピリジニウムクロライド、1−ベンジルピリジニウムブロマイド、1−メチルピコリニウムクロライド、1−メチルピコリニウムブロマイド、1−エチルピコリニウムクロライド、1−エチルピコリニウムブロマイド、1−n−ブチルピコリニウムクロライド、1−n−ブチルピコリニウムブロマイド、1−n−ヘキシルピコリニウムクロライド、1−n−ヘキシルピコリニウムブロマイド、1−n−オクチルピコリニウムクロライド、1−n−オクチルピコリニウムブロマイド、1−n−ドデシルピコリニウムクロライド、1−n−ドデシルピコリニウムブロマイド、1−n−セチルピコリニウムクロライド、1−n−セチルピコリニウムブロマイド、1−フェニルピコリニウムクロライド、1−フェニルピコリニウムブロマイド1−ベンジルピコリニウムクロライド、1−ベンジルピコリニウムブロマイド等の4級アンモニウム塩、
(5)テトラメチルホスホニウムクロライド、テトラメチルホスホニウムブロマイド、テトラエチルホスホニウムクロライド、テトラエチルホスホニウムブロマイド、テトラ−n−ブチルホスホニウムクロライド、テトラ−n−ブチルホスホニウムブロマイド、テトラ−n−ブチルホスホニウムヨーダイド、テトラ−n−ヘキシルホスホニウムブロマイド、テトラ−n−オクチルホスホニウムブロマイド、メチルトリフェニルホスホニウムブロマイド、メチルトリフェニルホスホニウムヨーダイド、エチルトリフェニルホスホニウムブロマイド、エチルトリフェニルホスホニウムヨーダイド、n−ブチルトリフェニルホスホニウムブロマイド、n−ブチルトリフェニルホスホニウムヨーダイド、n−ヘキシルトリフェニルホスホニウムブロマイド、n−オクチルトリフェニルホスホニウムブロマイド、テトラフェニルホスホニウムブロマイド、テトラキスヒドロキシメチルホスホニウムクロライド、テトラキスヒドロキシメチルホスホニウムブロマイド、テトラキスヒドロキシエチルホスホニウムクロライド、テトラキスヒドロキシブチルホスホニウムクロライド等のホスホニウム塩、
(6)トリメチルスルホニウムブロマイド、トリエチルスルホニウムブロマイド、トリ−n−ブチルスルホニウムクロライド、トリ−n−ブチルスルホニウムブロマイド、トリ−n−ブチルスルホニウムヨーダイド、トリ−n−ブチルスルホニウムテトラフルオロボーレート、トリ−n−ヘキシルスルホニウムブロマイド、トリ−n−オクチルスルホニウムブロマイド、トリフェニルスルホニウムクロライド、トリフェニルスルホニウムブロマイド、トリフェニルスルホニウムヨーダイド等のスルホニウム塩。
(7)ジフェニルヨードニウムクロライド、ジフェニルヨードニウムブロマイド、ジフェニルヨードニウムヨーダイド等のヨードニウム塩、
(8)塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、燐酸、炭酸等の鉱酸類およびこれらの半エステル類。
(9)3フッ化硼素、3フッ化硼素のエーテラート等に代表されるルイス酸類。
(10)有機酸類およびこれらの半エステル類、
(11)ケイ酸、四フッ化ホウ酸、
(12)クミルパーオキシネオデカノエート、ジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジアリルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジ−n−プロピルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジミリスチルパーオキシジカーボネート、クミルパーオキシネオヘキサノエート、tert−ヘキシルパーオキシネオデカノエート、tert−ブチルパーオキシネオデカノエート、tert−ヘキシルパーオキシネオヘキサノエート、tert−ブチルパーオキシネオヘキサノエート、2,4−ジクロロベンゾイルパーオキサイド、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、ジクミルパーオキサイド、ジ−ter−ブチルパーオキサイド等のパーオキサイド類;クメンヒドロパーオキサイド、tert−ブチルヒドロパーオキサイド等の過酸化物、
(13)2,2’−アゾビス(4−メトキシ−2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)、2,2’−アゾビス(2−シクロプロピルプロピオニトリル)、2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)、2,2’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、2,2’−アゾビス(2−メチルブチロニトリル)、1,1’−アゾビス(シクロヘキサン−1−カルボニトリル)、1−〔(1−シアノ−1−メチルエチル)アゾ〕ホルムアミド、2−フェニルアゾ−4−メトキシ−2,4−ジメチル−バレロニトリル2、2’−アゾビス(2−メチルプロパン)、2、2’−アゾビス(2、4、4−トリメチルペンタン)等のアゾ系化合物、
(14)アセトアルデヒドとアンモニアの反応物、ホルムアルデヒドとパライルイジンの縮合物、アセトアルデヒドとパライルイジンの縮合物、ホルムアルデヒドとアニリンの反応物、アセトアルデヒドとアニリンの反応物、ブチルアルデヒドとアニリンの反応物、ホルムアルデヒドとアセトアルデヒドとアニリンの反応物、アセトアルデヒドとブチルアルデヒドとアニリンの反応物、ブチルアルデヒドとモノブチルアミンの縮合物、ブチルアルデヒドとブチリデンアニリンの反応物、ヘプトアルデヒドとアニリンの反応物、トリクロトニリデン−テトラミンの反応物、α−エチル−β−プロピルアクロレインとアニリンの縮合物、ホルムアルデヒドとアルキルイミダゾールの縮合物等のアルデヒドとアミン系化合物の縮合物、
(15)ジフェニルグアニジン、フェニルトリルグアニジン、フェニルキシリルグアニジン、トリルキシリルグアニジン、ジオルトトリルグアニジン、オルトトリルグアニド、ジフェニルグアニジンフタレート、テトラメチルグアニジン、ジカテコールホウ酸のジオルトトリルグアニジン塩等のグアニジン類、
(16)チオカルボアニリド、ジオルトトリルチオ尿素、エチレンチオ尿素、ジエチルチオ尿素、ジブチルチオ尿素、ジラウリルチオ尿素、トリメチルチオ尿素、ジメチルエチルチオ尿素、テトラメチルチオ尿素、等のチオ尿素類、
(17)2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、ジベンゾチアジルジスルフィド、2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾールのシクロヘキシルアミン塩、2−(2,4−ジニトロフェニルチオ)ベンゾチアゾール、2−(モルホリノジチオ)ベンゾチアゾール、2−(2,6−ジメチル−4−モルホリノチオ)ベンゾチアゾール、N,N−ジエチルチオカルバモイル−2−ベンゾチアゾリルスルフィド、1,3−ビス(2−ベンゾチアゾリルメルカプトメチル)尿素、ベンゾチアジアジルチオベンゾエート、2−メルカプトチアゾリン、2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾールのナトリウム塩、2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾールの亜鉛塩、ジベンゾチアジルジスルフィドと塩化亜鉛の錯塩等のチアゾール類、
(18)N−シクロヘキシル−2−ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド、N−tert−ブチル−2−ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド、N−tert−オクチル−2−ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド、N−オキシジエチレン−2−ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド、N,N−ジエチル−2−ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド、N,N−ジイソプロピル−2−ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド、N,N−ジシクロヘキシル−2−ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド等のスルフェンアミド類、
(19)テトラメチルチウラムモノスルフィド、テトラエチルチウラムモノスルフィド、テトラブチルチウラムモノスルフィド、ジペンタメチレンチウラムモノスルフィド、テトラメチルチウラムジスルフィド、テトラエチルチウラムジスルフィド、テトラブチルチウラムジスルフィド、N,N’−ジメチル−N,N’−ジフェニルチウラムジスルフィド、N,N’−ジエチル−N,N’−ジフェニルチウラムジスルフィド、ジペンタメチレンチウラムジスルフィド、ジペンタメチレンチウラムテトラスルフィド、環状チウラム等のチウラム類、
(20)ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム、ジエチルジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム、ジブチルジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム、ペンタメチレンジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム、シクロヘキシルエチルジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸カリウム、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸鉛、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、ジエチルジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、ジブチルジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、ジベンジルジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、ペンタメチレンジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、ジメチルペンタメチレンジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、エチルフェニルジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸ビスマス、ジエチルジチオカルバミン酸カドミウム、ペンタメチレンジチオカルバミン酸カドミウム、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸セレン、ジエチルジチオカルバミン酸セレン、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸テルル、ジエチルジチオカルバミン酸テルル、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸鉄、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸銅、ジエチルジチオカルバミン酸ジエチルアンモニウム、ジブチルジチオカルバミン酸N,N−シクロヘキシルアンモニウム、ペンタメチレンジチオカルバミン酸ピペリジン、シクロヘキシルエチルジチオカルバミン酸シクロヘキシルエチルアンモニウムナトリウム、メチルペンタメチレンジチオカルバミン酸ピペコリン、ペンタメチレンジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛とピペリジンの錯化合物等のジチオカルバミン酸塩類、
(21)イソプロピルキサントゲン酸ナトリウム、イソプロピルキサントゲン酸亜鉛、ブチルキサントゲン酸亜鉛、ジブチルキサントゲン酸ジスルフィド等のキサントゲン酸塩類、
(22)モノ−および/またはジメチルリン酸、モノ−および/またはジエチルリン酸、モノ−および/またはジプロピルリン酸、モノ−および/またはジブチルリン酸、モノ−および/またはジヘキシルリン酸、モノ−および/またはジオクチルリン酸、モノ−および/またはジデシルリン酸、モノ−および/またはジドデシルリン酸、モノ−および/またはジフェニルリン酸、モノ−および/またはジベンジルリン酸、モノ−および/またはジデカノ−ルリン酸等の酸性リン酸エステル類。
以上、樹脂用組成物を重合硬化する際の重合触媒を例示したが、重合硬化を発現するものであれば、これら列記化合物に限定されるものではない。また、これらは単独でも2種類以上を混合して使用してもかまわない。重合触媒の添加量は、樹脂用組成物100重量部に対して、0.0005〜5.0重量部であり、好ましくは0.0001〜3.0重量部である。
(1) Ethylamine, n-propylamine, sec-propylamine, n-butylamine, sec-butylamine, i-butylamine, tert-butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, decylamine, laurylamine, mystylamine Lamine, 1,2-dimethylhexylamine, 3-pentylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, allylamine, aminoethanol, 1-aminopropanol, 2-aminopropanol, aminobutanol, aminopentanol, aminohexanol, 3-ethoxypropylamine 3-propoxypropylamine, 3-isopropoxypropylamine, 3-butoxypropylamine, 3-isobutoxypropylamine, 3- (2-ethylhexyloxy) propylamine Primary amines such as aminocyclopentane, aminocyclohexane, aminonorbornene, aminomethylcyclohexane, aminobenzene, benzylamine, phenethylamine, α-phenylethylamine, naphthylamine, and furfurylamine; ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminopropane, 3-diaminopropane, 1,2-diaminobutane, 1,3-diaminobutane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,8 -Diaminooctane, dimethylaminopropylamine, diethylaminopropylamine, bis- (3-aminopropyl) ether, 1,2-bis- (3-aminopropoxy) ethane, 1,3-bis- (3-aminopropoxy)- 2,2'-dimethyl Propane, aminoethylethanolamine, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-bisaminocyclohexane, 1,3- or 1,4-bisaminomethylcyclohexane, 1,3- or 1,4-bisamino Ethylcyclohexane, 1,3- or 1,4-bisaminopropylcyclohexane, hydrogenated 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2- or 4-aminopiperidine, 2- or 4-aminomethylpiperidine, 2- or 4-amino Ethyl piperidine, N-aminoethyl piperidine, N-aminopropyl piperidine, N-aminoethyl morpholine, N-aminopropyl morpholine, isophorone diamine, menthanediamine, 1,4-bisaminopropyl piperazine, o-, m-, or p -Phenylenediamine, 2,4 Or 2,6-tolylenediamine, 2,4-toluenediamine, m-aminobenzylamine, 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine, tetrachloro-p-xylylenediamine, 4-methoxy-6-methyl-m- Phenylenediamine, m- or p-xylylenediamine, 1,5- or 2,6-naphthalenediamine, benzidine, 4,4'-bis (o-toluidine), dianisidine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,2- (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl) propane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-thiodianiline, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-diaminoditolylsulfone, methylenebis (O-chloroaniline), 3,9-bis (3-aminopropyl) 2,4,8,10-tetrao Saspiro [5,5] undecane, diethylenetriamine, iminobispropylamine, methyliminobispropylamine, bis (hexamethylene) triamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, N-amino Primary polyamines such as propylpiperazine, 1,4-bis (aminoethylpiperazine), 1,4-bis (aminopropylpiperazine), 2,6-diaminopyridine, bis (3,4-diaminophenyl) sulfone; diethylamine; Dipropylamine, di-n-butylamine, di-sec-butylamine, diisobutylamine, di-n-pentylamine, di-3-pentylamine, dihexylamine, octylamine, di (2-ethylhexyl) amine, methyl Lehexylamine, diallylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, 2-, 3-, 4-picoline, 2,4-, 2,6-, 3,5-lupetidine, diphenylamine, N-methylaniline, N-ethylaniline, dibenzylamine And secondary amines such as methylbenzylamine, dinaphthylamine, pyrrole, indoline, indole and morpholine; N, N'-dimethylethylenediamine, N, N'-dimethyl-1,2-diaminopropane, N, N'-dimethyl- 1,3-diaminopropane, N, N′-dimethyl-1,2-diaminobutane, N, N′-dimethyl-1,3-diaminobutane, N, N′-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobutane, N , N'-dimethyl-1,5-diaminopentane, N, N'-dimethyl-1,6-diaminohexane, N, N'-dimethyl-1,7 Diaminoheptane, N, N'-diethylethylenediamine, N, N'-diethyl-1,2-diaminopropane, N, N'-diethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N, N'-diethyl-1,2- Diaminobutane, N, N'-diethyl-1,3-diaminobutane, N, N'-diethyl-1,4-diaminobutane, N, N'-diethyl-1,6-diaminohexane, piperazine, 2-methyl Piperazine, 2,5- or 2,6-dimethylpiperazine, homopiperazine, 1,1-di- (4-piperidyl) methane, 1,2-di- (4-piperidyl) ethane, 1,3-di- ( Secondary polyamines such as 4-piperidyl) propane, 1,4-di- (4-piperidyl) butane and tetramethylguanidine; trimethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine Tri-iso-propylamine, tri-1,2-dimethylpropylamine, tri-3-methoxypropylamine, tri-n-butylamine, tri-iso-butylamine, tri-sec-butylamine, tri-pentylamine, tri- 3-pentylamine, tri-n-hexylamine, tri-n-octylamine, tri-2-ethylhexylamine, tri-dodecylamine, tri-laurylamine, dicyclohexylethylamine, cyclohexyldiethylamine, tri-cyclohexylamine, N, N -Dimethylhexylamine, N-methyldihexylamine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methyldicyclohexylamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanol Amine, triethanolamine, tribenzylamine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, diethylbenzylamine, triphenylamine, N, N-dimethylamino-p-cresol, N, N-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2- (N , N-dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, N, N-dimethylaniline, N, N-diethylaniline, pyridine, quinoline, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, 2- (2-dimethylaminoethoxy) -4-methyl Tertiary amines such as -1,3,2-dioxabornane; tetramethylethylenediamine, pyrazine, N, N′-dimethylpiperazine, N, N′-bis ((2-hydroxy) propyl) piperazine, hexamethylenetetramine, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-1,3-butanamine 2-dimethylamino-2-hydroxypropane, diethylaminoethanol, N, N, N-tris (3-dimethylaminopropyl) amine, 2,4,6-tris (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, heptamethyliso Tertiary polyamines such as biguanides; imidazole, N-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, N-ethylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 4-ethylimidazole, N-butylimidazole, 2-butylimidazole, N -Undecylimidazole, 2-undecylimidazole, N-phenylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, N-benzylimidazole, 2-benzylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, N- (2'-cyanoethyl)- -Methylimidazole, N- (2'-cyanoethyl) -2-undecylimidazole, N- (2'-cyanoethyl) -2-phenylimidazole, 3,3-bis- (2-ethyl-4-methylimidazolyl) methane 2-mercaptoimidazole, 2-mercapto-N-methylimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 3-mercapto-4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, 5-mercapto-1-methyl-tetrazole, Imidazoles such as 1,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, adducts of alkylimidazole and isocyanuric acid, and condensates of alkylimidazole and formaldehyde; 1,8-diazabicyclo (5,4,0) undecene- 7,1,5-diazabicyclo (4,3,0) nonene-5,6- Butylamino-1,8-diazabicyclo (5,4,0) amidines undecene -7; amine compound typified by,
(2) a complex of the amines of (1) with borane and boron trifluoride,
(3) trimethylphosphine, triethylphosphine, tri-iso-propylphosphine, tri-n-butylphosphine, tri-n-hexylphosphine, tri-n-octylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, tribenzylphosphine, tris (2-methylphenyl) phosphine, tris (3-methylphenyl) phosphine, tris (4-methylphenyl) phosphine, tris (diethylamino) phosphine, tris (4-methylphenyl) phosphine, dimethylphenylphosphine, diethylphenylphosphine, dicyclohexyl Phosphines such as phenylphosphine, ethyldiphenylphosphine, diphenylcyclohexylphosphine, and chlorodiphenylphosphine;
(4) tetramethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium acetate, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium acetate, tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, tetra-n-butylammonium chloride, tetra-n -Butylammonium bromide, tetra-n-butylammonium iodide, tetra-n-butylammonium acetate, tetra-n-butylammonium borohydride, tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphite, tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sal Phyte, tetra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetra-n-butyl Ammonium tetraphenyl borate, tetra-n-butylammonium paratoluenesulfonate, tetra-n-hexylammonium chloride, tetra-n-hexylammonium bromide, tetra-n-hexylammonium acetate, tetra-n-octylammonium chloride, Tetra-n-octyl ammonium bromide, tetra-n-octyl ammonium acetate, trimethyl-n-octyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl decyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl dodecyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl cetyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl lauryl ammonium chloride, trimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl benzyl Benzyl ammonium bromide, trie Tri-n-octyl ammonium chloride, triethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, triethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, tri-n-butyl-n-octyl ammonium chloride, tri-n-butyl benzyl ammonium fluoride, tri-n-butyl benzyl ammonium chloride, tri-n-butyl benzyl ammonium chloride -N-butylbenzylammonium bromide, tri-n-butylbenzylammonium iodide, n-butyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, n-octyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, decyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, cetyldimethylbenzylammonium Chloride, lauryldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, methyl L-triphenylammonium chloride, methyltribenzylammonium chloride, methyltriphenylammonium bromide, methyltribenzylammonium bromide, ethyltriphenylammonium chloride, ethyltribenzylammonium chloride, ethyltriphenylammonium bromide, ethyltribenzylammonium bromide, n-butyl Triphenylammonium chloride, n-butyltribenzylammonium chloride, n-butyltriphenylammonium bromide, n-butyltribenzylammonium bromide, 1-methylpyridinium chloride, 1-methylpyridinium bromide, 1-ethylpyridinium chloride, 1-ethyl Pyridinium bromide, 1-n-butyl Lydinium chloride, 1-n-butylpyridinium bromide, 1-n-hexylpyridinium chloride, 1-n-hexylpyridinium bromide, 1-n-octylpyridinium bromide, 1-n-dodecylpyridinium chloride, 1-n-dodecylpyridinium Bromide, 1-n-cetylpyridinium chloride, 1-n-cetylpyridinium bromide, 1-phenylpyridinium chloride, 1-phenylpyridinium bromide, 1-benzylpyridinium chloride, 1-benzylpyridinium bromide, 1-methylpicolinium chloride, 1 -Methylpicolinium bromide, 1-ethylpicolinium chloride, 1-ethylpicolinium bromide, 1-n-butylpicolinium chloride, 1-n-butyl Lupicolinium bromide, 1-n-hexylpicolinium chloride, 1-n-hexylpicolinium bromide, 1-n-octylpicolinium chloride, 1-n-octylpicolinium bromide, 1-n-dodecylpicolinium chloride, 1-n-dodecylpicolinium bromide, 1-n-cetylpicolinium chloride, 1-n-cetylpicolinium bromide, 1-phenylpicolinium chloride, 1-phenylpicolinium bromide 1-benzylpicolinium chloride, 1-benzyl Quaternary ammonium salts such as picolinium bromide,
(5) Tetramethylphosphonium chloride, tetramethylphosphonium bromide, tetraethylphosphonium chloride, tetraethylphosphonium bromide, tetra-n-butylphosphonium chloride, tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide, tetra-n-butylphosphonium iodide, tetra-n- Hexylphosphonium bromide, tetra-n-octylphosphonium bromide, methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, methyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, n-butyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, n-butyltrimide Phenylphosphonium iodide, n-hexyltriphenylphosphonium bromide De, n- octyl triphenylphosphonium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride, tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium bromide, tetrakis hydroxyethyl phosphonium chloride, tetrakis hydroxybutyl phosphonium chloride phosphonium salts ride like,
(6) trimethylsulfonium bromide, triethylsulfonium bromide, tri-n-butylsulfonium chloride, tri-n-butylsulfonium bromide, tri-n-butylsulfonium iodide, tri-n-butylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate, tri-n- Sulfonium salts such as hexylsulfonium bromide, tri-n-octylsulfonium bromide, triphenylsulfonium chloride, triphenylsulfonium bromide, and triphenylsulfonium iodide.
(7) iodonium salts such as diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium bromide, and diphenyliodonium iodide;
(8) Mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and carbonic acid and half esters thereof.
(9) Lewis acids represented by boron trifluoride etherate of boron trifluoride.
(10) Organic acids and their half esters,
(11) silicic acid, boric acid tetrafluoride,
(12) Cumyl peroxy neodecanoate, diisopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, diallyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-n-propyl peroxy dicarbonate, dimyristyl peroxy dicarbonate, cumyl peroxy neo hexanoate, tert- Hexyl peroxy neodecanoate, tert-butyl peroxy neodecanoate, tert-hexyl peroxy neohexanoate, tert-butyl peroxy neohexanoate, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide , Peroxides such as dicumyl peroxide and di-tert-butyl peroxide; peroxides such as cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide;
(13) 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-cyclopropylpropionitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2,4- Dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), 1- [ (1-cyano-1-methylethyl) azo] formamide, 2-phenylazo-4-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropane), 2,2′-azobis ( Azo compounds such as (2,4,4-trimethylpentane),
(14) Reactant of acetaldehyde and ammonia, condensate of formaldehyde and paraylidine, condensate of acetaldehyde and paraylidine, reactant of formaldehyde and aniline, reactant of acetaldehyde and aniline, reactant of butyraldehyde and aniline, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde Aniline reactant, acetaldehyde / butyraldehyde / aniline reactant, butyraldehyde / monobutylamine condensate, butyraldehyde / butylideneaniline reactant, heptaldehyde / aniline reactant, tricrotonylidene-tetramine reaction Aldehydes and amine compounds, such as condensates of α-ethyl-β-propyl acrolein and aniline, condensates of formaldehyde and alkyl imidazole,
(15) Diphenyl guanidine, phenyl tolyl guanidine, phenyl xylyl guanidine, tolyl xyl guanidine, diol tolyl guanidine, ortho tolyl guanide, diphenyl guanidine phthalate, tetramethyl guanidine, diort tolyl guanidine salt of dicatechol boric acid, etc. Guanidines,
(16) thioureas such as thiocarbanilide, diortitolylthiourea, ethylenethiourea, diethylthiourea, dibutylthiourea, dilaurylthiourea, trimethylthiourea, dimethylethylthiourea, and tetramethylthiourea;
(17) 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, dibenzothiazyldisulfide, cyclohexylamine salt of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2- (2,4-dinitrophenylthio) benzothiazole, 2- (morpholinodithio) benzothiazole, 2- ( 2,6-dimethyl-4-morpholinothio) benzothiazole, N, N-diethylthiocarbamoyl-2-benzothiazolyl sulfide, 1,3-bis (2-benzothiazolylmercaptomethyl) urea, benzothiadiazine Thiazoles such as ruthiobenzoate, 2-mercaptothiazoline, sodium salt of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, zinc salt of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, complex salt of dibenzothiazyldisulfide and zinc chloride,
(18) N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, N-tert-octyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, N-oxydiethylene -2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, N, N-diethyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, N, N-diisopropyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothia Sulfenamides such as jilsulfenamide,
(19) tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, tetraethylthiuram monosulfide, tetrabutylthiuram monosulfide, dipentamethylenethiuram monosulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetrabutylthiuram disulfide, N, N'-dimethyl-N, Thiurams such as N'-diphenylthiuram disulfide, N, N'-diethyl-N, N'-diphenylthiuram disulfide, dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide, dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide, and cyclic thiuram;
(20) sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate, sodium pentamethylenedithiocarbamate, sodium cyclohexylethyldithiocarbamate, potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate, lead dimethyldithiocarbamate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, zinc diethyldithiocarbamate, Zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate, zinc pentamethylenedithiocarbamate, zinc dimethylpentamethylenedithiocarbamate, zinc ethylphenyldithiocarbamate, bismuth dimethyldithiocarbamate, cadmium diethyldithiocarbamate, cadmium pentamethylenedithiocarbamate, dimethyldithio Selenium rubamate, selenium diethyldithiocarbamate, tellurium dimethyldithiocarbamate, tellurium diethyldithiocarbamate, iron dimethyldithiocarbamate, copper dimethyldithiocarbamate, diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate, N, N-cyclohexylammonium dibutyldithiocarbamate, piperidine pentamethylenedithiocarbamate Dithiocarbamic acid salts such as sodium cyclohexylethylammonium cyclohexylethyldithiocarbamate, pipecoline methylpentamethylenedithiocarbamate, a complex compound of zinc pentamethylenedithiocarbamate and piperidine,
(21) xanthates such as sodium isopropylxanthogenate, zinc isopropylxanthogenate, zinc butylxanthogenate, and dibutylxanthogenate disulfide;
(22) mono- and / or dimethyl phosphate, mono- and / or diethyl phosphate, mono- and / or dipropyl phosphate, mono- and / or dibutyl phosphate, mono- and / or dihexyl phosphate, mono- and / or Or acidic acids such as dioctyl phosphate, mono- and / or didecyl phosphate, mono- and / or didodecyl phosphate, mono- and / or diphenyl phosphate, mono- and / or dibenzyl phosphate, mono- and / or didecanol phosphate Phosphate esters.
As described above, the polymerization catalyst for polymerizing and curing the resin composition has been exemplified, but the present invention is not limited to these listed compounds as long as they exhibit polymerization curing. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the polymerization catalyst to be added is 0.0005 to 5.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.0001 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the resin composition.
樹脂用組成物を重合硬化する際に、必要に応じて重合調整剤を添加することができる。重合調整剤は、長期周期律表における第13〜16族のハロゲン化物を挙げることができる。以下にこれらの代表的な具体例を示す。 (4) When polymerizing and curing the resin composition, a polymerization modifier can be added as necessary. Examples of the polymerization regulator include halides of Groups 13 to 16 in the long-term periodic table. The following are typical examples of these.
(1)四塩化ケイ素、メチルトリクロロシラン、ジメチルジクロロシラン、トリメチルクロロシラン、エチルトリクロロシラン、ジエチルジクロロシラン、トリエチルクロロシラン、プロピルトリクロロシラン、ジプロピルジクロロシラン、トリプロピルクロロシラン、n−ブチルトリクロロシラン、ジn−ブチルジクロロシラン、トリn−ブチルクロロシラン、t−ブチルトリクロロシラン、ジt−ブチルジクロロシラン、トリt−ブチルクロロシラン、オクチルトリクロロシラン、ジオクチルジクロロシラン、トリオクチルクロロシラン、フェニルトリクロロシラン、ジフェニルジクロロシラン、トリフェニルクロロシラン、アリルクロロジメチルシラン、トリクロロアリルシラン、t−ブチルクロロジメチルシラン、ジフェニルーt−ブチルクロロシラン、t−ブトキシクロロジフェニルシラン、トリメチル(2−クロロアリル)シラン、トリメチルクロロメチルシラン、n−ブチルクロロジメチルシラン、およびこれらの塩素の全部または一部をフッ素、臭素、ヨウ素へ変えた化合物等のケイ素ハロゲン化物、
(2)四塩化ゲルマニウム、メチルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジメチルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリメチルゲルマニウムクロライド、エチルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジエチルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリエチルゲルマニウムクロライド、プロピルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジプロピルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリプロピルゲルマニウムクロライド、n−ブチルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジn−ブチルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリn−ブチルゲルマニウムクロライド、t−ブチルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジt−ブチルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリt−ブチルゲルマニウムクロライド、アミルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジアミルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリアミルゲルマニウムクロライド、オクチルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジオクチルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリオクチルゲルマニウムクロライド、フェニルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジフェニルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリフェニルゲルマニウムクロライド、トルイルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジトルイルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリトルイルゲルマニウムクロライド、ベンジルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジベンジルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリベンジルゲルマニウムクロライド、シクロヘキシルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジシクロヘキシルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリシクロヘキシルゲルマニウムクロライド、ビニルゲルマニウムトリクロライド、ジビニルゲルマニウムジクロライド、トリビニルゲルマニウムクロライド、アリルトリクロロゲルマン、ビス(クロロメチル)ジメチルゲルマン、クロロメチルトリクロロゲルマン、t−ブチルジメチルクロロゲルマン、カルボキシエチルトリクロロゲルマン、クロロメチルトリメチルゲルマン、ジクロロメチルトリメチルゲルマン、3−クロロプロピルトリクロロゲルマン、フェニルジメチルクロロゲルマン、3−(トリクロロゲルミル)プロピオニルクロライド、およびこれらの塩素の全部または一部をフッ素、臭素、ヨウ素へ変えた化合物等のゲルマニウムハロゲン化物、
(3)四塩化スズ、ジエチルジクロロシラン、ジメチルスズジクロライド、トリメチルスズクロライド、エチルスズトリクロライド、ジエチルスズジクロライド、トリエチルスズクロライド、プロピルスズトリクロライド、ジプロピルスズジクロライド、トリプロピルスズクロライド、n−ブチルスズトリクロライド、ジn−ブチルスズジクロライド、トリn−ブチルスズクロライド、t−ブチルスズトリクロライド、ジt−ブチルスズジクロライド、トリt−ブチルスズクロライド、アミルスズトリクロライド、ジアミルスズジクロライド、トリアミルスズクロライド、オクチルスズトリクロライド、ジオクチルスズジクロライド、トリオクチルスズクロライド、フェニルスズトリクロライド、ジフェニルスズジクロライド、トリフェニルスズクロライド、トルイルスズトリクロライド、ジトルイルスズジクロライド、トリトルイルスズクロライド、ベンジルスズトリクロライド、ジベンジルスズジクロライド、トリベンジルスズクロライド、シクロヘキシルスズトリクロライド、ジシクロヘキシルスズジクロライド、トリシクロヘキシルスズクロライド、ビニルスズトリクロライド、ジビニルスズジクロライド、トリビニルスズクロライド、ブチルクロロジヒドロキシスズ、ビス(2,4−ペンタジオナート)ジクロロスズ、カルボメトキシエチルトリクロロスズ、クロロメチルトリメチルスズ、ジアリルジクロロスズ、ジブチルブトキシクロロスズ、トリn−ペンチルクロロスズ、およびこれらの塩素の全部または一部をフッ素、臭素、ヨウ素へ変えた化合物等のスズハロゲン化物、
(4)五塩化アンチモン、メチルアンチモンテトラクロライド、ジメチルアンチモントリクロライド、トリメチルアンチモンジクロライド、テトラメチルアンチモンクロライド、エチルアンチモンテトラクロライド、ジエチルアンチモントリクロライド、トリエチルアンチモンジクロライド、テトラエチルアンチモンクロライド、ブチルアンチモンテトラクロライド、ジブチルアンチモントリクロライド、トリブチルアンチモンジクロライド、テトラブチルアンチモンクロライド、フェニルアンチモンテトラクロライド、ジフェニルアンチモントリクロライド、トリフェニルアンチモンジクロライド、テトラフェニルアンチモンクロライド、およびこれらの塩素の全部または一部をフッ素、臭素、ヨウ素へ変えた化合物等のアンチモンハロゲン化物、
(5)塩化アルミニウム、塩化インジウム、塩化タリウム、三塩化リン、五塩化リン、塩化ビスマス等の塩化物およびこれらの塩素の全部または一部をフッ素、臭素、ヨウ素へ変えた化合物、ジフェニルクロロホウ素、フェニルジクロロホウ素、ジエチルクロロガリウム、ジメチルクロロインジウム、ジエチルクロロタリウム、ジフェニルクロロタリウム、エチルジクロロホスフィン、ブチルジクロロホスフィン、トリフェニルホスフィンジクロライド、ジフェニルクロロヒ素、テトラフェニルクロロヒ素、ジフェニルジクロロセレン、フェニルクロロセレン、ジフェニルジクロロテルル等のハロゲンと炭化水素基を有する化合物およびこれらの塩素の全部または一部をフッ素、臭素、ヨウ素へ変えた化合物、クロロフェノール、ジクロロフェノール、トリクロロフェノール、クロロアニリン、ジクロロアニリン、クロロニトロベンゼン、ジクロロニトロベンゼン、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、トリクロロベンゼン、クロロアセトフェノン、クロロトルエン、クロロニトロアニリン、クロロベンジルシアナイド、クロロベンズアルデヒド、クロロベンゾトリクロライド、クロロナフタレン、ジクロロナフタレン、クロロチオフェノール、ジクロロチオフェノール、メタリルクロライド、塩化ベンジル、塩化ベンジルクロライド、クロロ酢酸、ジクロロ酢酸、トリクロロ酢酸、クロロコハク酸、シュウ酸ジクロライド、トリグリコールジクロライド、メタンスルホニルクロライド、クロロ安息香酸、クロロサリチル酸、4,5−ジクロロフタル酸、3,5−ジクロロサリチル酸、イソプロピルクロライド、アリルクロライド、エピクロロヒドリン、クロロメチルチイラン、プロピレンクロロヒドリン、クロラニル、ジクロロジシアノベンゾキノン、ジクロロフェン、ジクロロ−1,4−ベンゾキノン、ジクロロベンゾフェノン、N−クロロフタルイミド、1,3−ジクロロ−2−プロパノール、2,3−ジクロロプロピオン酸メチル、p−クロロベンゼンスルホン酸、2−クロロプロピオン酸エチル、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素等の炭化水素のハロゲン置換体や安息香酸クロライド、フタル酸クロライド、イソフタル酸クロライド、テレフタル酸クロライド、メタクリル酸クロライド、コハク酸クロライド、フマル酸クロライド、ニコチン酸クロライド、クロロニコチン酸クロライド、オレイン酸クロライド、塩化ベンゾイル、クロロベンゾイルクロライド、プロピオン酸クロライド等の酸クロライドに代表される有機ハロゲン化物およびこれらの塩素の全部または一部をフッ素、臭素、ヨウ素へ変えたその他のハロゲン化合物等が挙げられる。
これら重合調整剤は単独でも2種類以上を混合して使用してもかまわない。これらのうち好ましいものはケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ、アンチモンのハロゲン化物である。より好ましいものはケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ、アンチモンの塩化物であり、さらに好ましくはアルキル基を有するゲルマニウム、スズ、アンチモンの塩化物である。最も好ましいものの具体例はジブチルスズジクロライド、ブチルスズトリクロライド、ジオクチルスズジクロライド、オクチルスズトリクロライド、ジブチルジクロロゲルマニウム、ブチルトリクロロゲルマニウム、ジフェニルジクロロゲルマニウム、フェニルトリクロロゲルマニウム、トリフェニルアンチモンジクロライドである。
(1) Silicon tetrachloride, methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, ethyltrichlorosilane, diethyldichlorosilane, triethylchlorosilane, propyltrichlorosilane, dipropyldichlorosilane, tripropylchlorosilane, n-butyltrichlorosilane, di-n -Butyldichlorosilane, tri-n-butylchlorosilane, t-butyltrichlorosilane, di-t-butyldichlorosilane, tri-t-butylchlorosilane, octyltrichlorosilane, dioctyldichlorosilane, trioctylchlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane, diphenyldichlorosilane, Triphenylchlorosilane, allylchlorodimethylsilane, trichloroallylsilane, t-butylchlorodimethylsilane, diphenyl-t- Tylchlorosilane, t-butoxychlorodiphenylsilane, trimethyl (2-chloroallyl) silane, trimethylchloromethylsilane, n-butylchlorodimethylsilane, and compounds in which all or part of these chlorines have been converted to fluorine, bromine, iodine, etc. A silicon halide,
(2) Germanium tetrachloride, methyl germanium trichloride, dimethyl germanium dichloride, trimethyl germanium chloride, ethyl germanium trichloride, diethyl germanium dichloride, triethyl germanium chloride, propyl germanium trichloride, dipropyl germanium dichloride, tripropyl germanium chloride, n- Butyl germanium trichloride, di-n-butyl germanium dichloride, tri-n-butyl germanium chloride, t-butyl germanium trichloride, di-t-butyl germanium dichloride, tri-t-butyl germanium chloride, amyl germanium trichloride, diamyl germanium dichloride, Triamyl germanium chloride Octylgermanium trichloride, dioctylgermanium dichloride, trioctylgermanium chloride, phenylgermanium trichloride, diphenylgermanium dichloride, triphenylgermanium chloride, toluylgermanium trichloride, ditolylgermanium dichloride, tritoluylgermanium chloride, benzylgermanium trichloride, dibenzyl Germanium dichloride, tribenzylgermanium chloride, cyclohexylgermanium trichloride, dicyclohexylgermanium dichloride, tricyclohexylgermanium chloride, vinylgermanium trichloride, divinylgermanium dichloride, trivinylgermanium chloride, Ali Trichlorogermane, bis (chloromethyl) dimethylgermane, chloromethyltrichlorogermane, t-butyldimethylchlorogermane, carboxyethyltrichlorogermane, chloromethyltrimethylgermane, dichloromethyltrimethylgermane, 3-chloropropyltrichlorogermane, phenyldimethylchlorogermane, Germanium halides such as 3- (trichlorogermyl) propionyl chloride, and compounds in which all or part of these chlorines have been converted to fluorine, bromine, and iodine;
(3) tin tetrachloride, diethyldichlorosilane, dimethyltin dichloride, trimethyltin chloride, ethyltin trichloride, diethyltin dichloride, triethyltin chloride, propyltin trichloride, dipropyltin dichloride, tripropyltin chloride, n-butyltin Trichloride, di-n-butyltin dichloride, tri-n-butyltin chloride, t-butyltin trichloride, di-t-butyltin dichloride, tri-t-butyltin chloride, amyltin trichloride, diamyltin dichloride, triamyltin chloride, octyltin Trichloride, dioctyltin dichloride, trioctyltin chloride, phenyltin trichloride, diphenyltin dichloride, triphenyl Zuchloride, toluyltin trichloride, ditolutintin dichloride, tritolutintin chloride, benzyltin trichloride, dibenzyltin dichloride, tribenzyltin chloride, cyclohexyltin trichloride, dicyclohexyltin dichloride, tricyclohexyltin chloride, vinyltin trichloride Chloride, divinyltin dichloride, trivinyltin chloride, butylchlorodihydroxytin, bis (2,4-pentadionate) dichlorotin, carbomethoxyethyltrichlorotin, chloromethyltrimethyltin, diallyldichlorotin, dibutylbutoxychlorotin, tri-n -Tin halides such as pentylchlorotin and compounds in which all or part of these chlorines have been converted to fluorine, bromine and iodine Monster,
(4) Antimony pentachloride, methylantimony tetrachloride, dimethylantimony trichloride, trimethylantimony dichloride, tetramethylantimony chloride, ethylantimony tetrachloride, diethylantimony trichloride, triethylantimony dichloride, tetraethylantimony chloride, butylantimony tetrachloride, dibutyl Antimony trichloride, tributylantimony dichloride, tetrabutylantimony chloride, phenylantimony tetrachloride, diphenylantimony trichloride, triphenylantimony dichloride, tetraphenylantimony chloride, and all or part of these chlorines to fluorine, bromine and iodine Antimony halides Monster,
(5) chlorides such as aluminum chloride, indium chloride, thallium chloride, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, bismuth chloride, and compounds in which all or part of these chlorines have been converted to fluorine, bromine, and iodine; diphenylchloroboron; Phenyldichloroboron, diethylchlorogallium, dimethylchloroindium, diethylchlorothallium, diphenylchlorothallium, ethyldichlorophosphine, butyldichlorophosphine, triphenylphosphine dichloride, diphenylchloroarsenic, tetraphenylchloroarsenic, diphenyldichloroselenium, phenylchloroselenium, Compounds having halogen and hydrocarbon groups, such as diphenyldichlorotellurium, and compounds in which all or part of these chlorines have been converted to fluorine, bromine, and iodine, chlorophenol, dichlorophenol Knol, trichlorophenol, chloroaniline, dichloroaniline, chloronitrobenzene, dichloronitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, chloroacetophenone, chlorotoluene, chloronitroaniline, chlorobenzyl cyanide, chlorobenzaldehyde, chlorobenzotrichloride, chloronaphthalene , Dichloronaphthalene, chlorothiophenol, dichlorothiophenol, methallyl chloride, benzyl chloride, benzyl chloride, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, chlorosuccinic acid, oxalic acid dichloride, triglycol dichloride, methanesulfonyl chloride, chlorobenzoic acid , Chlorosalicylic acid, 4,5-dichlorophthalic acid, 3,5-dichlorosalicyl , Isopropyl chloride, allyl chloride, epichlorohydrin, chloromethylthiirane, propylene chlorohydrin, chloranil, dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone, dichlorophen, dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone, dichlorobenzophenone, N-chlorophthalimide, 1,3- Halogen-substituted hydrocarbons such as dichloro-2-propanol, methyl 2,3-dichloropropionate, p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, ethyl 2-chloropropionate, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzoic acid chloride, and phthalic acid Chloride, isophthalic acid chloride, terephthalic acid chloride, methacrylic acid chloride, succinic acid chloride, fumaric acid chloride, nicotinic acid chloride, chloronicotinic acid chloride, oleic acid chloride Organic halides typified by acid chlorides such as chloride, benzoyl chloride, chlorobenzoyl chloride, and propionic acid chloride, and other halogen compounds in which all or part of these chlorines have been changed to fluorine, bromine, and iodine.
These polymerization modifiers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, preferred are silicon, germanium, tin and antimony halides. More preferred are chlorides of silicon, germanium, tin and antimony, and even more preferred are chlorides of germanium, tin and antimony having an alkyl group. Specific examples of the most preferred are dibutyltin dichloride, butyltin trichloride, dioctyltin dichloride, octyltin trichloride, dibutyldichlorogermanium, butyltrichlorogermanium, diphenyldichlorogermanium, phenyltrichlorogermanium, triphenylantimony dichloride.
重合調整剤の添加量は、光学材料用組成物100重量部に対して、0.0005〜5.0重量部であり、好ましくは0.0001〜3.0重量部である。
耐酸化性、耐候性、染色性、強度、屈折率等の各種性能改良を目的として組成成分の化合物と一部もしくは全部と反応可能な化合物を添加して重合硬化することも可能である。この場合は、反応のために必要に応じて公知の重合触媒を別途加えることができる。
The addition amount of the polymerization modifier is 0.0005 to 5.0 parts by weight, and preferably 0.0001 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the composition for optical materials.
For the purpose of improving various properties such as oxidation resistance, weather resistance, dyeing properties, strength, and refractive index, it is also possible to carry out polymerization and curing by adding a compound capable of reacting partially or entirely with a compound of a composition component. In this case, a known polymerization catalyst can be separately added as necessary for the reaction.
組成成分の一部もしくは全部と反応可能な化合物として、エポキシ化合物類、イソ(チオ)シアネート類、カルボン酸類、カルボン酸無水物類、フェノール類、アミン類、ビニル化合物類、アリル化合物類、アクリル化合物類、メタクリル化合物類等が挙げられる。以下にこれらの代表的な具体例を示す。
(1)エチレンオキサイド、プロピレオキサイド等のモノエポキシ化合物類、ヒドロキノン、カテコール、レゾルシン、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ビスフェノールエーテル、ハロゲン化ビスフェノールA、ノボラック樹脂等の多価フェノール化合物とエピハロヒドリンの縮合により製造されるフェノール系エポキシ化合物、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、1、3−プロパンジオール、1、4−ブタンジオール、1、6−ヘキサンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、グリセリン、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、1、3−および1、4−シクロヘキサンジオール、1、3−および1、4−シクロヘキサンジメタノール、水添ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールA・エチレンオキサイド付加物、ビスフェノールA・プロピレンオキサイド付加物等のアルコール化合物とエピハロヒドリンの縮合により製造されるアルコール系エポキシ化合物、上述のアルコールおよびフェノール化合物とジイソシアネート等から製造されるウレタン系エポキシ化合物、酢酸、プロピオン酸、安息香酸、アジピン酸、セバチン酸、ドデカンジカルボン酸、ダイマー酸、フタル酸、イソ、テレフタル酸、テトラヒドロフタル酸、メチルテトラヒドロフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロフタル酸、ヘット酸、ナジック酸、マレイン酸、コハク酸、フマール酸、トリメリット酸、ベンゼンテトラカルボン酸、ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸、ナフタリンジカルボン酸、ジフェニルジカルボン酸、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸等のカルボン酸化合物とエピハロヒドリンの縮合により製造されるグリシジルエステル系エポキシ化合物、エチレンジアミン、1,2−ジアミノプロパン、1,3−ジアミノプロパン、1,2−ジアミノブタン、1,3−ジアミノブタン、1,4−ジアミノブタン、1,5−ジアミノペンタン、1,6−ジアミノヘキサン、1,7−ジアミノヘプタン、1,8−ジアミノオクタン、ビス−(3−アミノプロピル)エーテル、1,2−ビス−(3−アミノプロポキシ)エタン、1,3−ビス−(3−アミノプロポキシ)−2,2’−ジメチルプロパン、1,2−、1,3−あるいは1,4−ビスアミノシクロヘキサン、1,3−あるいは1,4−ビスアミノメチルシクロヘキサン、1,3−あるいは1,4−ビスアミノエチルシクロヘキサン、1,3−あるいは1,4−ビスアミノプロピルシクロヘキサン、水添4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、イソホロンジアミン、1,4−ビスアミノプロピルピペラジン、m−、あるいはp−フェニレンジアミン、2,4−あるいは2,6−トリレンジアミン、m−、あるいはp−キシリレンジアミン、1,5−あるいは、2,6−ナフタレンジアミン、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、2,2−(4,4’−ジアミノジフェニル)プロパン、N,N’−ジメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,2−ジアミノプロパン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,3−ジアミノプロパン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,2−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,3−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,4−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,5−ジアミノペンタン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,6−ジアミノヘキサン、N,N’−ジメチル−1,7−ジアミノヘプタン、N,N’−ジエチルエチレンジアミン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,2−ジアミノプロパン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,3−ジアミノプロパン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,2−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,3−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,4−ジアミノブタン、N,N’−ジエチル−1,6−ジアミノヘキサン、ピペラジン、2−メチルピペラジン、2,5−あるいは2,6−ジメチルピペラジン、ホモピペラジン、1,1−ジ−(4−ピペリジル)−メタン、1,2−ジ−(4−ピペリジル)−エタン、1,3−ジ−(4−ピペリジル)−プロパン、1,4−ジ−(4−ピペリジル)−ブタンとエピハロヒドリンの縮合により製造されるアミン系エポキシ化合物、ビス(β−エポキシプロピル)スルフィド、ビス(β−エポキシプロピル)ジスルフィド、ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)メタン、ビス(β−エポキシプロピルジチオ)メタン、1,2−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)エタン、1,3−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)プロパン、1,2−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)プロパン、1−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−2−(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)プロパン、1,4−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)ブタン、1,3−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)ブタン、1−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−3−(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)ブタン、1,5−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)ペンタン、1−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−4−(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)ペンタン、1,6−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)ヘキサン、1−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−5−(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)ヘキサン、1−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−2−〔(2−β−エポキシプロピルチオエチル)チオ〕エタン、1−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−2−[〔2−(2−β−エポキシプロピルチオエチル)チオエチル〕チオ]エタン、テトラキス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)メタン、1,1,1−トリス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)プロパン、1,5−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−2−(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−3−チアペンタン、1,5−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−2,4−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−3−チアペンタン、1−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−2,2−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−4−チアヘキサン、1,5,6−トリス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−4−(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−3−チアヘキサン、1,8−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−4−(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−4,5ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−4,4−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−2,4,5−トリス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,8−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−2,5−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−3,6−ジチアオクタン、1,9−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−5−(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−5−〔(2−β−エポキシプロピルチオエチル)チオメチル〕−3,7−ジチアノナン、1,10−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−5,6−ビス〔(2−β−エポキシプロピルチオエチル)チオ〕−3,6,9−トリチアデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−4,8−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−5,7−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−5,7−〔(2−β−エポキシプロピルチオエチル)チオメチル〕−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,11−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)−4,7−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−3,6,9−トリチアウンデカン、1,3および1,4−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)シクロヘキサン、1,3および1,4−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)シクロヘキサン、ビス〔4−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)シクロヘキシル〕メタン、2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)シクロヘキシル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)シクロヘキシル〕スルフィド、2,5−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、2,5−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオエチルチオメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、1,3および1,4−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)ベンゼン、1,3および1,4−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオメチル)ベンゼン、ビス〔4−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)フェニル〕メタン、2,2−ビス〔4−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)フェニル〕プロパン、ビス〔4−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)フェニル〕スルフィド、ビス〔4−(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)フェニル〕スルフォン、4,4’−ビス(β−エポキシプロピルチオ)ビフェニル等の含硫エポキシ化合物、3、4−エポキシシクロヘキシル−3、4−エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート、ビニルシクリヘキサンジオキサイド、2−(3、4−エポキシシクロヘキシル)−5、5−スピロ−3、4−エポキシシクロヘキサン−メタ−ジオキサン、ビス(3、4−エポキシシクロヘキシル)アジペート等の脂環式エポキシ化合物、シクロペンタジエンエポキシド、エポキシ化大豆油、エポキシ化ポリブタジエン、ビニルシクロヘキセンエポキシド等の不飽和化合物のエポキシ化により製造されるエポキシ化合物、ビニルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、ビニルベンジルグリシジルエーテル、グリシジルメタクリレート、グリシジルアクリレート、アリルグリシジルエーテル等の不飽和基を有するエポキシ化合物、等のエポキシ化合物類、
(2)メチルイソシアネート、エチルイソシアネート、プロピルイソシアネート、iso−プロピルイソシアネート、n−ブチルイソシアネート、sec−ブチルイソシアネート、tert−ブチルイソシアネート、ペンチルイソシアネート、ヘキシルイソシアネート、オクチルイソシアネート、ドデシルイソシアネート、シクロヘキシルイソシアネート、フェニルイソシアネート、トルイルイソシアネート等のモノイソシアネート類、ジエチレンジイソシアネート、テトラメチレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、シクロヘキサンジイソシアネート、1,3−ビス(イソシアナトメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,4−ビス(イソシアナトメチル)シクロヘキサン、イソホロンジイソシアネート、2,5−ビス(イソシアナトメチル)ノルボルネン、2,6−ビス(イソシアナトメチル)デカヒドロナフタレン、2,5−ジイソシアナト−1,4−ジチアン、2,5−ビス(イソシアナトメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、2,6−ビス(イソシアナトメチル)−1,4−ジチアン、リジントリイソシアネート、2,4−トリレンジイソシアネート、2,6−トリレンジイソシアネート、o−トリジンジイソシアネート、4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、ジフェニルエーテルジイソシアネート、3−(2’−イソシアネートシクロヘキシル)プロピルイソシアネート、トリス(フェニルイソシアネート)チオホスフェート、イソプロピリデンビス(シクロヘキシルイソシアネート)、2,2’−ビス(4−イソシアネートフェニル)プロパン、トリフェニルメタントリイソシアネート、ビス(ジイソシアネートトリル)フェニルメタン、4,4’,4’’−トリイソシアネート−2,5−ジメトキシフェニルアミン、3,3’−ジメトキシベンジジン−4,4’−ジイソシアネート、1,3−フェニレンジイソシアネート、1,4−フェニレンジイソシアネート、4,4’−ジイソシアナトビフェニル、4,4’−ジイソシアナト−3,3’−ジメチルビフェニル、ジシクロヘキシルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアナト、1,1’−メチレンビス(4−イソシアナトベンゼン)、1,1’−メチレンビス(3−メチル−4−イソシアナトベンゼン)、m−キシリレンジイソシアネート、p−キシリレンジイソシアネート、1,3−ビス(1−イソシアネート−1−メチルエチル)ベンゼン、1,4−ビス(1−イソシアネート−1−メチルエチル)ベンゼン、1,3−ビス(2−イソシアナト−2−プロピル)ベンゼン、2,6−ビス(イソシアナトメチル)ナフタレン、1,5−ナフタレンジイソシアネート、ビス(イソシアネートメチル)テトラヒドロジシクロペンタジエン、ビス(イソシアネートメチル)ジシクロペンタジエン、ビス(イソシアネートメチル)テトラヒドロチオフェン、ビス(イソシアネートメチル)チオフェン、2,5−ジイソシアネートメチルノルボルネン、ビス(イソシアネートメチル)アダマンタン、3,4−ジイソシアネートセレノファン、2,6−ジイソシアネート−9−セレナビシクロノナン、ビス(イソシアネートメチル)セレノファン、3,4−ジイソシアネート−2,5−ジセレノラン、ダイマー酸ジイソシアネート、1,3,5−トリ(1−イソシアナトヘキシル)イソシアヌル酸等のポリイソシアネート類、これらのポリイソシアネート類のビュレット型反応による二量体、これらのポリイソシアネート類の環化三量体およびこれらのポリイソシアネート類とアルコールもしくはチオールの付加物等のイソシアネート類、さらには、上記のイソシアネート基を1分子あたり1個以上有する化合物のイソシアネート基の全部または一部をイソチオシアネート基に変えたイソチオシアネート類、
(3)(1)のエポキシ化合物のところで説明したエピハロヒドリンと反応させる相手の原料として例示したカルボン酸類、
(4)(1)のエポキシ化合物のところで説明したエピハロヒドリンと反応させる相手の原料として例示したカルボン酸の無水物類、
(5)(1)のエポキシ化合物のところで説明したエピハロヒドリンと反応させる相手の原料として例示したフェノール類、
(6)(1)のエポキシ化合物のところで説明したエピハロヒドリンと反応させる相手の原料として例示したアミン類、
(7)ビニルエーテル、エチルビニルエーテル、イソブチルビニルエーテル、2−エチルヘキシルビニルエーテル、フェニルビニルエーテル、ベンジルビニルエーテル、2−クロロエチルビニルエーテル、シクロヘキシルビニルエーテル、ビニルグリシジルエーテル、ビニルアルコール、メチルビニルカルビノール、エチレングリコールモノビニルエーテル、エチレングリコールジビニルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノビニルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジビニルエーテル、テトラメチレングリコールモノビニルエーテル、ジビニルスルフィド、ビニルエチルスルフィド、ビニルフェニルスルフィド、メチルビニルケトン、ジビニルジカーボネイト、ビニルジグリコールカーボネイト、ビニレンカーボネイト、酢酸ビニル、クロロ酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル、ヘキサン酸ビニル、2−エチルヘキサン酸ビニル、アジピン酸ジビニル、安息香酸ビニル、サリチル酸ビニル、アクリル酸ビニル、メタクリル酸ビニル、ビニルブロマイド、ビニルアイオダイド、ビニルリン酸、ビニル尿素、スチレン、2−メチルスチレン、3−メチルスチレン、4−メチルスチレン、α−メチルスチレン、2,4,6−トリメチルスチレン、4−t−ブチルスチレン、スチルベン、ビニルフェノール、3−ビニルベンジルアルコール、4−ビニルベンジルアルコール、2−(4−ビニルフェニルチオ)エタノール、2−(3−ビニルフェニルチオ)エタノール、2−(4−ビニルベンジルチオ)エタノール、2−(3−ビニルベンジルチオ)エタノール、1,3−ビス(4−ビニルベンジルチオ)−2−プロパノール、1,3−ビス(3−ビニルベンジルチオ)−2−プロパノール、2,3−ビス(4−ビニルベンジルチオ)−1−プロパノール、2,3−ビス(3−ビニルベンジルチオ)−1−プロパノール、シンナミルアルコール、シンナムアルデヒド、1,3−ジビニルベンゼン、1,4−ジビニルベンゼン、トリビニルベンゼン、ジビニルフタレート、2−クロロスチレン、3−クロロスチレン、4−クロロスチレン、3−クロロメチルスチレン、4−クロロメチルスチレン、4−アミノスチレン、3−シアノメチルスチレン、4−シアノメチルスチレン、4−ビニルビフェニル、2,2’−ジビニルビフェニル、4,4’−ジビニルビフェニル、2,2’−ジスチリルエーテル、4,4’−ジスチリルエーテル、2,2’−ジスチリルスルフィド、4,4’−ジスチリルスルフィド、2,2−ビス(4−ビニルフェニル)プロパン、ビス(4−ビニルフェニル)エーテル、2,2−ビス(4−ビニロキシフェニル)プロパン等のビニル化合物類、
(8)(7)のビニル化合物類で例示した化合物のビニル基の一部もしくは全部がアリル基に置き換わったアリル化合物類、
(9)メチルアクリレート、エチルアクリレート、プロピルアクリレート、ブチルアクリレート、シクロヘキシルアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、3−ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、3−フェノキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンモノアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシエチルイソシアヌレートモノアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシエチルイソシアヌレートジアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシエチルシアヌレートモノアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシエチルシアヌレートジアクリレート、エチレングリコールジアクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジアクリレート、1,3−ブチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、プロピレングリコールジアクリレート、1、3−プロパンジオールジアクリレート、1,3−ブタンジオールジアクリレート、1、4−ブタンジオールジアクリレート、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールジアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシ−1,3−ジアクリロキシプロパン、2,2−ビス〔4−(アクリロキシエトキシ)フェニル〕プロパン、2,2−ビス〔4−(アクリロキシエトキシ)シクロヘキシル〕プロパン、2,2−ビス〔4−(2−ヒドロキシ−3−アクリロキシプロポキシ)フェニル〕プロパン、2,2−ビス〔4−(アクリロキシ・ジエトキシ)フェニル〕プロパン、2,2−ビス〔4−(アクリロキシ・ポリエトキシ)フェニル〕プロパン、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールモノアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールジアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート、ビス(2,2,2−トリメチロールエチル)エーテルのペンタアクリレート、ビス(2,2,2−トリメチロールエチル)エーテルのヘキサアクリレート、ビス(4−アクロイルチオフェニル)スルフィド等のアクリル化合物類、
(10)(9)のアクリル化合物類で例示した化合物のアクリル基の一部もしくは全部がメタクリル基に置き換わったメタクリル化合物類。
Compounds that can react with some or all of the components include epoxy compounds, iso (thio) cyanates, carboxylic acids, carboxylic anhydrides, phenols, amines, vinyl compounds, allyl compounds, and acrylic compounds And methacrylic compounds. The representative specific examples are shown below.
(1) Manufactured by condensing epihalohydrin with monoepoxy compounds such as ethylene oxide and propyleoxide, polyhydric phenol compounds such as hydroquinone, catechol, resorcin, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol ether, halogenated bisphenol A, and novolak resin. Phenolic epoxy compounds, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol Alcohols such as 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, bisphenol A / ethylene oxide adducts, bisphenol A / propylene oxide adducts Alcohol-based epoxy compound produced by condensation of a compound and epihalohydrin, urethane-based epoxy compound produced from the above-mentioned alcohol and phenol compound and diisocyanate, acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, Dimer acid, phthalic acid, iso, terephthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, methyltetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, heptic acid, nadic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, trimellitic acid, benzase Glycidyl ester-based epoxy compounds, ethylenediamines, and glycidyl ester-based epoxy compounds produced by condensation of carboxylic acid compounds such as tetracarboxylic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, diphenyldicarboxylic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid with epihalohydrin; 1,2-diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,2-diaminobutane, 1,3-diaminobutane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1, 7-diaminoheptane, 1,8-diaminooctane, bis- (3-aminopropyl) ether, 1,2-bis- (3-aminopropoxy) ethane, 1,3-bis- (3-aminopropoxy) -2 , 2'-dimethylpropane, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1 4-bisaminocyclohexane, 1,3- or 1,4-bisaminomethylcyclohexane, 1,3- or 1,4-bisaminoethylcyclohexane, 1,3- or 1,4-bisaminopropylcyclohexane, hydrogenated 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, isophoronediamine, 1,4-bisaminopropylpiperazine, m- or p-phenylenediamine, 2,4- or 2,6-tolylenediamine, m- or p-xylylenediamine Amine, 1,5- or 2,6-naphthalenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,2- (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl) propane, N, N ' -Dimethylethylenediamine, N, N'-dimethyl-1,2-diaminopropane, N, N '-Dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N, N'-dimethyl-1,2-diaminobutane, N, N'-dimethyl-1,3-diaminobutane, N, N'-dimethyl-1,4- Diaminobutane, N, N'-dimethyl-1,5-diaminopentane, N, N'-dimethyl-1,6-diaminohexane, N, N'-dimethyl-1,7-diaminoheptane, N, N'- Diethylethylenediamine, N, N'-diethyl-1,2-diaminopropane, N, N'-diethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N, N'-diethyl-1,2-diaminobutane, N, N'- Diethyl-1,3-diaminobutane, N, N′-diethyl-1,4-diaminobutane, N, N′-diethyl-1,6-diaminohexane, piperazine, 2-methylpiperazine, 2,5- or 2 , 6-dimethylpi Lazine, homopiperazine, 1,1-di- (4-piperidyl) -methane, 1,2-di- (4-piperidyl) -ethane, 1,3-di- (4-piperidyl) -propane, 1,4 -Amine-based epoxy compounds produced by condensation of di- (4-piperidyl) -butane and epihalohydrin, bis (β-epoxypropyl) sulfide, bis (β-epoxypropyl) disulfide, bis (β-epoxypropylthio) methane , Bis (β-epoxypropyldithio) methane, 1,2-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) ethane, 1,3-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) propane, 1,2-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) ) Propane, 1- (β-epoxypropylthio) -2- (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) propane, 1,4-bis (β-epoxypro Ruthio) butane, 1,3-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) butane, 1- (β-epoxypropylthio) -3- (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) butane, 1,5-bis (β-epoxypropyl) Thio) pentane, 1- (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) pentane, 1,6-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) hexane, 1- (β-epoxypropylthio)- 5- (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) hexane, 1- (β-epoxypropylthio) -2-[(2-β-epoxypropylthioethyl) thio] ethane, 1- (β-epoxypropylthio) -2 -[[2- (2-β-epoxypropylthioethyl) thioethyl] thio] ethane, tetrakis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) methane, 1,1,1- Lis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) propane, 1,5-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) -2- (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) -3-thiapentane, 1,5-bis (β-epoxypropylthio ) -2,4-bis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) -3-thiapentane, 1- (β-epoxypropylthio) -2,2-bis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) -4-thiahexane, 5,6-tris (β-epoxypropylthio) -4- (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) -3-thiahexane, 1,8-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) -4- (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl ) -3,6-Dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) -4,5bis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane Tan, 1,8-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) -4,4-bis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) -2, 4,5-tris (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) -3,6-dithiaoctane, 1,8-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) -2,5-bis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) -3,6 -Dithiaoctane, 1,9-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) -5- (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) -5-[(2-β-epoxypropylthioethyl) thiomethyl] -3,7-dithianonane, , 10-Bis (β-epoxypropylthio) -5,6-bis [(2-β-epoxypropylthioethyl) thio] -3,6,9-trithiadecane, 1,11-bis (β-epoxy Propylthio) -4,8-bis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) -5,7-bis (β-epoxypropyl Thiomethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) -5,7-[(2-β-epoxypropylthioethyl) thiomethyl] -3,6,9 -Trithiaundecane, 1,11-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) -4,7-bis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) -3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 1,3 and 1,4- Bis (β-epoxypropylthio) cyclohexane, 1,3 and 1,4-bis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) cyclohexane, bis [4- (β-epoxypropylthio) cyclohexyl Sil] methane, 2,2-bis [4- (β-epoxypropylthio) cyclohexyl] propane, bis [4- (β-epoxypropylthio) cyclohexyl] sulfide, 2,5-bis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl ) -1,4-Dithiane, 2,5-bis (β-epoxypropylthioethylthiomethyl) -1,4-dithiane, 1,3 and 1,4-bis (β-epoxypropylthio) benzene, 1, 3 and 1,4-bis (β-epoxypropylthiomethyl) benzene, bis [4- (β-epoxypropylthio) phenyl] methane, 2,2-bis [4- (β-epoxypropylthio) phenyl] propane , Bis [4- (β-epoxypropylthio) phenyl] sulfide, bis [4- (β-epoxypropylthio) phenyl] sulfone, 4,4 ′ Sulfur-containing epoxy compounds such as bis (β-epoxypropylthio) biphenyl and the like, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, vinylcyclohexanedioxide, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) -5 , 5-spiro-3,4-epoxycyclohexane-meta-dioxane, alicyclic epoxy compounds such as bis (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) adipate, cyclopentadiene epoxide, epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized polybutadiene, vinylcyclohexene epoxide Epoxy compounds produced by epoxidation of unsaturated compounds such as vinyl phenyl glycidyl ether, vinyl benzyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, allyl glycidyl ether Epoxy compounds having an unsaturated group such as, epoxy compounds such as,
(2) methyl isocyanate, ethyl isocyanate, propyl isocyanate, iso-propyl isocyanate, n-butyl isocyanate, sec-butyl isocyanate, tert-butyl isocyanate, pentyl isocyanate, hexyl isocyanate, octyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, Monoisocyanates such as toluyl isocyanate, diethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane , Isophoro Diisocyanate, 2,5-bis (isocyanatomethyl) norbornene, 2,6-bis (isocyanatomethyl) decahydronaphthalene, 2,5-diisocyanato-1,4-dithiane, 2,5-bis (isocyanatomethyl) -1,4-dithiane, 2,6-bis (isocyanatomethyl) -1,4-dithiane, lysine triisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, o-tolidine diisocyanate, 4 , 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, diphenyl ether diisocyanate, 3- (2'-isocyanatocyclohexyl) propyl isocyanate, tris (phenylisocyanate) thiophosphate, isopropylidene bis (cyclohexyl isocyanate), 2,2'-bis (4-i Cyanatephenyl) propane, triphenylmethanetriisocyanate, bis (diisocyanatotolyl) phenylmethane, 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -triisocyanate-2,5-dimethoxyphenylamine, 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine-4,4 '-Diisocyanate, 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diisocyanatobiphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4' -Diisocyanato, 1,1'-methylenebis (4-isocyanatobenzene), 1,1'-methylenebis (3-methyl-4-isocyanatobenzene), m-xylylene diisocyanate, p-xylylene diisocyanate, 1,3 -Bis (1-isocyanate-1-me Ethyl) benzene, 1,4-bis (1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl) benzene, 1,3-bis (2-isocyanato-2-propyl) benzene, 2,6-bis (isocyanatomethyl) naphthalene, 1 , 5-Naphthalenediisocyanate, bis (isocyanatomethyl) tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene, bis (isocyanatomethyl) dicyclopentadiene, bis (isocyanatomethyl) tetrahydrothiophene, bis (isocyanatomethyl) thiophene, 2,5-diisocyanatomethylnorbornene, bis ( (Isocyanatomethyl) adamantane, 3,4-diisocyanateselenophane, 2,6-diisocyanate-9-selenacyclocyclononane, bis (isocyanatomethyl) selenophane, 3,4-diisocyanate Polyisocyanates such as -2,5-diselenolan, dimer acid diisocyanate, and 1,3,5-tri (1-isocyanatohexyl) isocyanuric acid; dimers of these polyisocyanates by a Bullet-type reaction; Cyclic trimers of isocyanates and isocyanates such as adducts of these polyisocyanates and alcohols or thiols, and all or some of the isocyanate groups of the compounds having one or more isocyanate groups per molecule. Isothiocyanates in which has been changed to an isothiocyanate group,
(3) Carboxylic acids exemplified as the starting material to be reacted with the epihalohydrin described in the epoxy compound of (1),
(4) Carboxylic anhydrides exemplified as the raw material to be reacted with the epihalohydrin described in the epoxy compound of (1),
(5) Phenols exemplified as a raw material of a partner to be reacted with epihalohydrin described in the epoxy compound of (1),
(6) amines exemplified as a raw material of a partner to be reacted with epihalohydrin described for the epoxy compound of (1),
(7) Vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, phenyl vinyl ether, benzyl vinyl ether, 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, vinyl glycidyl ether, vinyl alcohol, methyl vinyl carbinol, ethylene glycol monovinyl ether, ethylene glycol Divinyl ether, diethylene glycol monovinyl ether, diethylene glycol divinyl ether, tetramethylene glycol monovinyl ether, divinyl sulfide, vinyl ethyl sulfide, vinyl phenyl sulfide, methyl vinyl ketone, divinyl dicarbonate, vinyl diglycol carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate, chloro Vinyl acrylate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl hexanoate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, divinyl adipate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl salicylate, vinyl acrylate, vinyl methacrylate, vinyl bromide, vinyl iodide, vinyl phosphoric acid, Vinylurea, styrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene, 4-t-butylstyrene, stilbene, vinylphenol, 3-vinylbenzyl Alcohol, 4-vinylbenzyl alcohol, 2- (4-vinylphenylthio) ethanol, 2- (3-vinylphenylthio) ethanol, 2- (4-vinylbenzylthio) ethanol, 2- (3-vinylbenzylthio) Ethanol, 1,3-bis (4- (Vinylbenzylthio) -2-propanol, 1,3-bis (3-vinylbenzylthio) -2-propanol, 2,3-bis (4-vinylbenzylthio) -1-propanol, 2,3-bis (3 -Vinylbenzylthio) -1-propanol, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamaldehyde, 1,3-divinylbenzene, 1,4-divinylbenzene, trivinylbenzene, divinylphthalate, 2-chlorostyrene, 3-chlorostyrene, 4- Chlorostyrene, 3-chloromethylstyrene, 4-chloromethylstyrene, 4-aminostyrene, 3-cyanomethylstyrene, 4-cyanomethylstyrene, 4-vinylbiphenyl, 2,2'-divinylbiphenyl, 4,4'- Divinyl biphenyl, 2,2'-distyryl ether, 4,4'-distyryl ether , 2,2'-distyryl sulfide, 4,4'-distyryl sulfide, 2,2-bis (4-vinylphenyl) propane, bis (4-vinylphenyl) ether, 2,2-bis (4-vinyl Vinyl compounds such as (roxyphenyl) propane,
(8) Allyl compounds in which some or all of the vinyl groups of the compounds exemplified as the vinyl compounds of (7) are replaced with allyl groups;
(9) Methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 3-phenoxy-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, trimethylolpropane mono Acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate monoacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate diacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl cyanurate monoacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl cyanurate diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3 -Butylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate Polyethylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-propanediol diacrylate, 1,3-butanediol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate Acrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, 2-hydroxy-1,3-diacryloxypropane, 2,2-bis [4- (acryloxyethoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [4- (acryloxyethoxy) Cyclohexyl] propane, 2,2-bis [4- (2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [4- (acryloxydiethoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [ 4- (Acrylo (Poly-polyethoxy) phenyl] propane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol monoacrylate, pentaerythritol diacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaacrylate of bis (2,2,2-trimethylolethyl) ether Acrylic compounds such as hexaacrylate of bis (2,2,2-trimethylolethyl) ether and bis (4-acroylthiophenyl) sulfide;
(10) Methacryl compounds in which some or all of the acrylic groups of the compounds exemplified as the acrylic compounds in (9) are replaced by methacryl groups.
(a)化合物と(b)化合物は、それぞれ一部または全部を注型前に重合触媒および/または重合調整剤の存在下または非存在下、撹拌下または非撹拌下で−100〜160℃で、0.1〜480時間かけて予備的に反応せしめた後、樹脂用組成物を調製する事も可能である。特に、樹脂用組成物中の化合物に固体成分が含まれ、ハンドリングが容易でない場合はこの予備的な反応が効果的である。この予備的な反応条件は、好ましくは−10〜120℃で0.1〜240時間、より好ましくは0〜100℃で0.1〜120時間、特に好ましくは20〜80℃で0.1〜60時間である。さらには、この予備的な反応により、(b)化合物を10%以上(反応前を100%とする)消費させておく(予備的な反応前を100%とする)ことが好ましく、20%以上消費させておくことがより好ましい。予備的な反応は、大気、窒素または酸素等の気体の存在下、常圧もしくは加減圧による密閉下、または減圧下等の任意の雰囲気下で行ってよい。減圧下で反応を行う場合は常圧に比べ、反応を促進する硫化水素が除去されるため、通常、反応が穏和に進行する。また、この予備的な反応の際には、(c)化合物、性能改良剤として使用する組成成分の一部もしくは全部と反応可能な化合物、紫外線吸収剤などの各種添加剤を加えて行っても構わない。また、この予備的な反応物について液体クロマトグラフィーおよび/または粘度および/または比重および/または屈折率を測定することは、反応進行度を検知し、反応を制御することにより一定の光学材料を製造する上で、好ましい。中でも、液体クロマトグラフィーおよび/または屈折率を測定する手法が高感度であることから好ましく、さらには、屈折率を測定する手法が簡便であることから最も好ましい。これらの測定に関しては、インライン型の装置を使ったほうが、時差なく反応をモニタリングでき便利である。特に減圧及び加圧密閉の場合にサンプル取り出しが省略できるので有効である。例えば、屈折率を測定する場合、反応物をサンプリングしてアッベ屈折率計やプルフリッヒ屈折率計を使用するのが従来からの一般的な手法ではあるが、インライン型屈折率計を反応器に設置して測定したほうが、時差なく、反応を追跡できる。具体的には、屈折率計の検出部を予備反応又は脱気処理を行っている組成物にあらかじめ浸漬させておくことで、該組成物の一部を外部に取り出して測定することなく、同時連続的に反応液の屈折率を測定することができる。反応の進行に伴い、屈折率は上昇するので、ある屈折率のレベルで反応を制御すれば、精度よく一定の反応率が得られ、均質な光学材料を製造することが可能となる。 The compound (a) and the compound (b) may be partially or entirely in the presence or absence of a polymerization catalyst and / or a polymerization regulator at −100 to 160 ° C. with or without stirring, before or after casting. After preliminarily reacting for 0.1 to 480 hours, it is also possible to prepare a resin composition. This preliminary reaction is particularly effective when the compound in the resin composition contains a solid component and handling is not easy. The preliminary reaction conditions are preferably 0.1 to 240 hours at -10 to 120 ° C, more preferably 0.1 to 120 hours at 0 to 100 ° C, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 120 hours at 20 to 80 ° C. 60 hours. Further, it is preferable that the compound (b) be consumed by 10% or more (100% before the reaction) (100% before the preliminary reaction), and 20% or more by the preliminary reaction. More preferably, it is consumed. The preliminary reaction may be carried out in an arbitrary atmosphere such as the atmosphere, in the presence of a gas such as nitrogen or oxygen, in a closed atmosphere at normal pressure or under reduced pressure, or under reduced pressure. When the reaction is carried out under reduced pressure, hydrogen sulfide which promotes the reaction is removed as compared with normal pressure, so that the reaction usually proceeds gently. In addition, the preliminary reaction may be carried out by adding a compound (c), a compound capable of reacting with some or all of the components used as a performance improving agent, and various additives such as an ultraviolet absorber. I do not care. In addition, liquid chromatography and / or measuring viscosity and / or specific gravity and / or refractive index of the preliminary reaction product can be used to produce a certain optical material by detecting the progress of the reaction and controlling the reaction. It is preferable in doing. Above all, liquid chromatography and / or a method of measuring a refractive index is preferable because of high sensitivity, and furthermore, a method of measuring a refractive index is most preferable because it is simple. For these measurements, it is more convenient to use an in-line type device because the reaction can be monitored without time lag. In particular, in the case of pressure reduction and pressure sealing, it is effective because the sample can be omitted. For example, when measuring the refractive index, it is conventional practice to sample the reactants and use an Abbe refractometer or Pulfrich refractometer, but an inline refractometer is installed in the reactor. The reaction can be tracked without time lag by measuring the time. Specifically, by previously immersing the detection unit of the refractometer in the composition that has been subjected to the preliminary reaction or the degassing treatment, a part of the composition is not taken out and measured at the same time. The refractive index of the reaction solution can be continuously measured. Since the refractive index increases with the progress of the reaction, if the reaction is controlled at a certain refractive index level, a constant reaction rate can be accurately obtained, and a homogeneous optical material can be manufactured.
屈折率は温度により変化するのでサンプリングして測定する際にはサンプル及び検出部分を一定の基準温度に制御することが重要である。インライン方式の場合は検出部分の温度は変動するので、あらかじめ検出部の温度と屈折率を基準温度に直した場合の屈折率の関係を求めておく必要がある。測定温度、屈折率、基準温度での屈折率の関係は多重回帰により、容易に求められる。したがって、インライン型屈折率計は、あらかじめ測定温度近傍での屈折率から基準温度への屈折率の関係を求めておけば、測定温度に関係なく基準温度の屈折率へ自動的に変換可能な温度補正機能が付与されたものが好ましい。 Since the refractive index changes depending on the temperature, when sampling and measuring, it is important to control the sample and the detection portion to a constant reference temperature. In the case of the in-line method, since the temperature of the detecting portion fluctuates, it is necessary to find in advance the relationship between the temperature of the detecting portion and the refractive index when the refractive index is converted to the reference temperature. The relationship between the measurement temperature, the refractive index, and the refractive index at the reference temperature can be easily obtained by multiple regression. Therefore, if the relationship between the refractive index near the measurement temperature and the refractive index from the reference temperature is determined in advance, the inline refractometer can automatically convert the refractive index to the reference temperature regardless of the measurement temperature. The one provided with the correction function is preferable.
インライン型屈折率計としては発光ダイオードを光源としてプリズム反射光の角度をCCDセルで識別する方式等が挙げられるが、これに限られるものではない。 Examples of the inline refractometer include a method in which a light emitting diode is used as a light source and the angle of prism reflected light is identified by a CCD cell, but the present invention is not limited to this.
本発明の光学材料製造方法において、公知の酸化防止剤、ブルーイング剤、紫外線吸収剤、消臭剤、等の添加剤を加えて、得られる材料の実用性をより向上せしめることはもちろん可能である。また、本発明の光学材料は重合中に型から剥がれやすい場合には公知の外部および/または内部密着性改善剤を添加し、または型から剥がれにくい場合には公知の外部および/または内部離型性改善剤を添加して、得られる光学材料と型の密着性または離型性を向上せしめることも有効である。 In the optical material manufacturing method of the present invention, it is of course possible to further improve the practicality of the obtained material by adding known antioxidants, bluing agents, ultraviolet absorbers, deodorants, and other additives. is there. When the optical material of the present invention is easily separated from the mold during polymerization, a known external and / or internal adhesion improving agent is added. When the optical material is hard to be removed from the mold, a known external and / or internal mold release is used. It is also effective to add a property improver to improve the adhesiveness or releasability between the obtained optical material and the mold.
本発明では樹脂用組成物をあらかじめ脱気処理を行うが、これにより本発明の課題である光学材料の高度な透明性が達成される。脱気処理は、(a)化合物、(b)化合物、(c)化合物、組成成分の一部もしくは全部と反応可能な化合物、重合触媒、重合調整剤、添加剤の混合前、混合時あるいは混合後に、減圧下に行う。好ましくは、混合時あるいは混合後に、減圧下に行う。処理条件は、0.001〜50torrの減圧下、1分間〜24時間、0℃〜100℃で行う。減圧度は、好ましくは0.005〜25torrであり、より好ましくは0.01〜10torrであり、これらの範囲で減圧度を可変しても構わない。脱気時間は、好ましくは5分間〜18時間であり、より好ましくは10分間〜12時間である。脱気の際の温度は、好ましくは5℃〜80℃であり、より好ましくは10℃〜60℃であり、これらの範囲で温度を可変しても構わない。脱気処理の際は、撹拌、気体の吹き込み、超音波などによる振動などによって、樹脂用組成物の界面を更新することは、脱気効果を高める上で好ましい操作である。 で は In the present invention, the resin composition is subjected to a degassing treatment in advance, whereby the high transparency of the optical material, which is the subject of the present invention, is achieved. The deaeration treatment is performed before, during or during mixing of the compound (a), the compound (b), the compound (c), a compound capable of reacting with some or all of the components, a polymerization catalyst, a polymerization regulator, and an additive. Later, under reduced pressure. Preferably, it is performed under reduced pressure during or after mixing. The treatment is performed under reduced pressure of 0.001 to 50 torr for 1 minute to 24 hours at 0 ° C to 100 ° C. The degree of decompression is preferably 0.005 to 25 torr, more preferably 0.01 to 10 torr, and the degree of decompression may be varied in these ranges. The deaeration time is preferably from 5 minutes to 18 hours, more preferably from 10 minutes to 12 hours. The temperature at the time of deaeration is preferably 5 ° C to 80 ° C, more preferably 10 ° C to 60 ° C, and the temperature may be varied in these ranges. In the degassing treatment, renewing the interface of the resin composition by stirring, gas blowing, vibration by ultrasonic waves or the like is a preferable operation for enhancing the degassing effect.
本発明においては、脱気処理により除去される主成分は従来技術で除去目的とされる水分や炭酸ガスなどとは異なり、硫化水素である。この硫化水素を一定レベルで除去可能な本発明で見いだされた条件の脱気処理により、得られる光学材料の高度な透明性が得られる。また、その他の溶存ガスや低分子量のメルカプタン等の低沸点物等も除去される場合もあるが、本発明の効果に大きな影響を及ぼさない。脱気処理が本発明の範囲外で不足の場合、すなわち、減圧度および/または時間および/または温度が不足する場合、高度な透明性が得られない。一方、脱気処理が本発明の範囲外で過剰の場合、減圧度および/または時間および/または温度が過剰の場合、モノマーの増粘やゲル化や急速重合、レンズ色調の悪化などを引き起こす。 In the present invention, the main component to be removed by the degassing treatment is hydrogen sulfide, unlike water, carbon dioxide, and the like, which are removed in the prior art. By the degassing treatment under the conditions found in the present invention, which can remove hydrogen sulfide at a certain level, a high transparency of the obtained optical material can be obtained. In addition, other dissolved gases and low-boiling substances such as low-molecular-weight mercaptan may be removed, but they do not significantly affect the effects of the present invention. If the degassing treatment is insufficient outside the scope of the present invention, that is, if the degree of pressure reduction and / or the time and / or the temperature is insufficient, a high degree of transparency cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the degassing treatment is excessive outside the range of the present invention, and if the degree of pressure reduction and / or the time and / or the temperature is excessive, thickening, gelation or rapid polymerization of the monomer, deterioration of the lens color tone, etc. will be caused.
また、脱気処理を行う組成物について液体クロマトグラフィーおよび/または粘度および/または比重および/または屈折率を測定することは、脱気効果を確認し、一定の光学材料を製造する上で好ましい。中でも、粘度および/または屈折率を測定する手法が高感度であることから好ましく、さらには、屈折率を測定する手法が簡便であることから最も好ましい。この場合の測定に関しても、インライン型屈折率計などのインライン型の装置を使ったほうが、時差なく、脱気進行度合いを追跡できる。特にこの場合は減圧からのサンプル取り出しが省略できるので有効である。具体的には、脱気により、屈折率は上昇するので、ある屈折率のレベルで脱気を制御すれば、精度よく脱気効果が得られ、均質な光学材料を製造することが可能となる。 Further, it is preferable to perform liquid chromatography and / or measure viscosity and / or specific gravity and / or refractive index of the composition to be subjected to degassing in order to confirm the degassing effect and to produce a certain optical material. Above all, a method for measuring the viscosity and / or the refractive index is preferable because of high sensitivity, and a method for measuring the refractive index is most preferable because the method is simple. Regarding the measurement in this case, the use of an in-line type device such as an in-line type refractometer can track the progress of degassing without a time difference. In this case, it is particularly effective because the sample removal from the reduced pressure can be omitted. Specifically, since the degassing increases the refractive index, if degassing is controlled at a certain refractive index level, a degassing effect can be obtained with high accuracy, and a homogeneous optical material can be manufactured. .
この場合も予備的な反応の場合と同様に、屈折率は温度により変化するのでサンプリングして測定する際にはサンプル及び検出部分を一定の基準温度に制御することが重要であり、また前述の運用方式でインライン型屈折率計も好適に使用できる。 In this case as well, as in the case of the preliminary reaction, the refractive index changes with temperature, so when sampling and measuring, it is important to control the sample and the detection part to a constant reference temperature. An in-line refractometer can also be suitably used in the operation system.
光学材料の製造方法は、詳しく述べるならば以下の通りである。(a)化合物、(b)化合物、(c)化合物、組成成分の一部もしくは全部と反応可能な化合物、重合触媒、重合調整剤、密着性改善剤または離型性改善剤、酸化防止剤、ブルーイング剤、紫外線吸収剤、消臭剤、各種性能改良添加剤等の添加剤は、全て同一容器内で同時に撹拌下に混合しても、各原料を段階的に添加混合しても、数成分を別々に混合後さらに同一容器内で再混合しても良い。各原料および添加剤等はいかなる順序で混合しても構わない。さらに、各成分の2種類以上をあらかじめ、前述の方法で予備的な反応を行った後、混合しても構わない。混合にあたり、設定温度、これに要する時間等は基本的には各成分が十分に混合される条件であればよいが、過剰の温度、時間は各原料、添加剤間の好ましくない反応が起こり、さらには粘度の上昇をきたし注型操作を困難にする等適当ではない。混合温度は−50℃から100℃程度の範囲で行われるべきであり、好ましい温度範囲は−30℃から70℃、さらに好ましいのは、−5℃から50℃である。混合時間は、1分から12時間、好ましくは5分から10時間、最も好ましいのは5分から6時間程度である。また、必要に応じて、活性エネルギー線を遮断して混合してもかまわない。その後、前述の方法で脱気処理を行う。さらには、これらの樹脂用組成物および/または混合前の各原料を0.05〜10μm程度の孔径を有するフィルターで不純物等を濾過し精製することは本発明の光学材料の品質をさらに高める上からも好ましい。ガラスや金属製の型に注入後、電気炉や活性エネルギー線発生装置等による重合硬化を行うが、重合時間は0.1〜100時間、通常1〜48時間であり、重合温度は−10〜160℃、通常−10〜140℃である。重合は所定の重合温度で所定時間のホールド、0.1℃〜100℃/hの昇温、0.1℃〜100℃/hの降温およびこれらの組み合わせで行うことができる。また、重合終了後、材料を50から150℃の温度で5分から5時間程度アニール処理を行う事は、光学材料の歪を除くために好ましい処理である。さらに必要に応じて染色、ハードコート、反射防止、防曇性、耐衝撃性付与等表面処理を行うことができる。 The method for producing the optical material will be described in detail below. (A) a compound, (b) a compound, (c) a compound, a compound capable of reacting with some or all of the composition components, a polymerization catalyst, a polymerization regulator, an adhesion improver or a mold release improver, an antioxidant, Additives such as bluing agents, ultraviolet absorbers, deodorants, and various performance-improving additives can all be mixed in the same container under stirring at the same time, The components may be separately mixed and then remixed in the same container. The raw materials, additives, and the like may be mixed in any order. Furthermore, two or more of the components may be mixed in advance after performing a preliminary reaction by the above-described method. Upon mixing, the set temperature, the time required for the mixing, etc. may be basically any conditions under which each component is sufficiently mixed, but an excessive temperature and time may cause an undesired reaction between each raw material and additive, Further, it is not appropriate, for example, because the viscosity increases and the casting operation becomes difficult. The mixing temperature should be in the range of -50 ° C to 100 ° C, the preferred temperature range is -30 ° C to 70 ° C, more preferably -5 ° C to 50 ° C. The mixing time is 1 minute to 12 hours, preferably 5 minutes to 10 hours, and most preferably about 5 minutes to 6 hours. Further, if necessary, the active energy rays may be cut off and mixed. After that, the deaeration process is performed by the method described above. Further, by purifying the resin composition and / or each raw material before mixing with a filter having a pore size of about 0.05 to 10 μm to purify impurities and the like, it is possible to further improve the quality of the optical material of the present invention. Is also preferred. After pouring into a glass or metal mold, polymerization and curing are performed by an electric furnace, an active energy ray generator, or the like. The polymerization time is 0.1 to 100 hours, usually 1 to 48 hours, and the polymerization temperature is -10 to -10. 160 ° C, usually -10 to 140 ° C. The polymerization can be carried out by holding at a predetermined polymerization temperature for a predetermined time, raising the temperature from 0.1 ° C to 100 ° C / h, lowering the temperature from 0.1 ° C to 100 ° C / h, or a combination thereof. After the polymerization is completed, annealing the material at a temperature of 50 to 150 ° C. for about 5 minutes to 5 hours is a preferable treatment for removing distortion of the optical material. Further, if necessary, surface treatment such as dyeing, hard coating, anti-reflection, anti-fogging property and impact resistance can be performed.
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。なお、得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性は以下の試験法により評価した。
屈折率(ne)、アッベ数(νd)は、アッベ屈折計を用い、25℃で測定した。
透明性は、10mm厚の平板を暗室内で蛍光灯下、黒紙を背景にして観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
A:くもりが見えない
B:くもりが薄く見える
C:くもりがはっきり見えるが、蛍光灯から離すと見えなくなる
D:くもりがはっきり見え、さらに蛍光灯から離してもみえる
耐熱性は、サンプルを厚さ2.5mmに切り出し、5kg荷重ビカット法で針が0.1mm侵入した温度を測定した。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The refractive index, Abbe number, transparency and heat resistance of the obtained optical material were evaluated by the following test methods.
The refractive index (ne) and Abbe number (νd) were measured at 25 ° C. using an Abbe refractometer.
The transparency was evaluated by observing a flat plate having a thickness of 10 mm under a fluorescent lamp in a dark room against a background of black paper, and the following criteria.
A: No cloudiness is visible B: Cloudy looks thin C: Cloudy is clearly visible, but disappears when removed from fluorescent light D: Cloudy is clearly visible, and the heat resistance that can be seen even when separated from fluorescent light is determined by the thickness of the sample The sample was cut into 2.5 mm, and the temperature at which the needle penetrated 0.1 mm was measured by a 5 kg load Vicat method.
実施例1
ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)スルフィド(以下a−1化合物と呼ぶ)85重量部、硫黄(以下b−1化合物と呼ぶ)10重量部をよく混合し均一とした。次いで、ビス(2−メルカプトエチル)スルフィド5重量部(以下c−1化合物と呼ぶ)、テトラブチルホスホニウムブロマイド0.1重量部を加え、よく混合し均一とした。得られた樹脂用組成物を、1torr、1時間、20℃の条件下で脱気処理した。この組成物を2枚のガラス板とガスケットから構成される、厚さ10mmのモールドに注入し、20℃で20時間加熱し、次いで40℃で5時間加熱し、次いで60℃で5時間加熱し、その後60℃から100℃まで10時間かけて100℃まで一定速度昇温させ、最後に100℃で2時間加熱し、重合硬化させた。放冷後、モールドから離型し、硬化した光学材料を得た。得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Example 1
85 parts by weight of bis (β-epithiopropyl) sulfide (hereinafter referred to as “a-1 compound”) and 10 parts by weight of sulfur (hereinafter referred to as “b-1 compound”) were mixed well and made uniform. Next, 5 parts by weight of bis (2-mercaptoethyl) sulfide (hereinafter, referred to as c-1 compound) and 0.1 part by weight of tetrabutylphosphonium bromide were added and mixed well to make uniform. The obtained resin composition was degassed at 1 torr for 1 hour at 20 ° C. This composition was poured into a 10 mm thick mold composed of two glass plates and a gasket, heated at 20 ° C. for 20 hours, then heated at 40 ° C. for 5 hours, and then heated at 60 ° C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was raised from 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. over a period of 10 hours to 100 ° C. at a constant rate, and finally heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours to polymerize and cure. After cooling, the mold was released from the mold to obtain a cured optical material. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material.
実施例2〜9
表1に示す脱気処理条件にする以外は、実施例1を繰り返した。得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Examples 2 to 9
Example 1 was repeated except that the degassing conditions shown in Table 1 were used. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material.
実施例10
a−1化合物のかわりに、ビス(β−エピチオプロピル)ジスルフィド(以下a−2化合物と呼ぶ)を使用する以外は、実施例1を繰り返した。得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Example 10
Example 1 was repeated except that bis (β-epithiopropyl) disulfide (hereinafter referred to as a-2 compound) was used instead of the a-1 compound. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material.
実施例11
b−1化合物のかわりに、硫化セレン(以下b−2化合物と呼ぶ)5重量部使用し、a−1化合物を90重量部使用する以外は、実施例1を繰り返した。得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Example 11
Example 1 was repeated except that 5 parts by weight of selenium sulfide (hereinafter referred to as b-2 compound) was used instead of the b-1 compound, and 90 parts by weight of the a-1 compound were used. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material.
実施例12
c−1化合物のかわりに、ビス(2,3−ジメルカプトプロピル)スルフィド(以下c−2化合物と呼ぶ)を使用する以外は、実施例1を繰り返した。得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Example 12
Example 1 was repeated except that bis (2,3-dimercaptopropyl) sulfide (hereinafter referred to as compound c-2) was used instead of compound c-1. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material.
実施例13
a−1化合物85重量部、b−1化合物10重量部をよく混合し均一とした。次いで、トリメチルチオ尿素0.1重量部を加え、65℃で予備的な反応を、b−1化合物が50%消費されるまで行った。b−1化合物の消費率は、HPLC分析(GPCモード)で行った。その後20℃に冷却し、c−1化合物5重量部、テトラブチルホスホニウムブロマイド0.1重量部、トリフェニルアンチモンジクロライド0.1重量部を加え、よく混合し均一とした。得られた樹脂用組成物を、1torr、1時間、20℃の条件下で脱気処理した。この組成物を2枚のガラス板とガスケットから構成される、厚さ10mmのモールドに注入し、20℃で20時間加熱し、次いで40℃で5時間加熱し、次いで60℃で5時間加熱し、その後60℃から100℃まで10時間かけて100℃まで一定速度昇温させ、最後に100℃で2時間加熱し、重合硬化させた。放冷後、モールドから離型し、硬化した光学材料を得た。得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Example 13
85 parts by weight of the a-1 compound and 10 parts by weight of the b-1 compound were mixed well and made uniform. Then, 0.1 part by weight of trimethylthiourea was added, and a preliminary reaction was performed at 65 ° C. until the b-1 compound was consumed by 50%. The consumption rate of the compound b-1 was determined by HPLC analysis (GPC mode). Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to 20 ° C., and 5 parts by weight of the c-1 compound, 0.1 part by weight of tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, and 0.1 part by weight of triphenylantimony dichloride were added and mixed well to obtain a uniform mixture. The obtained resin composition was degassed at 1 torr for 1 hour at 20 ° C. This composition was poured into a 10 mm thick mold composed of two glass plates and a gasket, heated at 20 ° C. for 20 hours, then heated at 40 ° C. for 5 hours, and then heated at 60 ° C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was raised from 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. over a period of 10 hours to 100 ° C. at a constant rate, and finally heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours to polymerize and cure. After cooling, the mold was released from the mold to obtain a cured optical material. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material.
実施例14〜16
a−1化合物、b−1化合物およびc−1化合物を表1に示す重量部に変化させる以外は、実施例13を繰り返した。得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Examples 14 to 16
Example 13 was repeated except that the a-1 compound, the b-1 compound, and the c-1 compound were changed to parts by weight shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material.
Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the optical material.
実施例17
インライン型屈折率計を装着した反応フラスコで、a−1化合物80重量部、b−1化合物15重量部を60℃でよく混合し均一とした。この時点のインライン型屈折率計による屈折率(nD、20℃変換値)は、1.6505であった。次いで、2−メルカプト−N−メチルイミダゾール0.5重量部を加え、1torrの減圧下、60℃で予備的な反応を、屈折率(nD、20℃変換値)が、1.6580になるまで行った。時間は90分を要し、HPLC分析(GPCモード)によるb−1化合物の消費率は50%であった。その後20℃に冷却し、c−1化合物5重量部、テトラブチルホスホニウムブロマイド0.1重量部、ジn−ブチルスズジクロライド0.2重量部を加え、よく混合し均一とした。この時点の屈折率(nD、20℃変換値)は、1.6560であった。得られた樹脂用組成物を、1torr、20℃の条件下で、屈折率(nD、20℃変換値)が1.6580になるまで、脱気処理した。時間は1時間を要した。この組成物を2枚のガラス板とガスケットから構成される、厚さ10mmのモールドに注入し、20℃で20時間加熱し、次いで40℃で5時間加熱し、次いで60℃で5時間加熱し、その後60℃から100℃まで10時間かけて100℃まで一定速度昇温させ、最後に100℃で2時間加熱し、重合硬化させた。放冷後、モールドから離型し、硬化した光学材料を得た。得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Example 17
In a reaction flask equipped with an inline refractometer, 80 parts by weight of the a-1 compound and 15 parts by weight of the b-1 compound were mixed well at 60 ° C. to make uniform. At this point, the refractive index (nD, converted value at 20 ° C.) by the in-line refractometer was 1.6505. Then, 0.5 part by weight of 2-mercapto-N-methylimidazole was added, and a preliminary reaction was performed at 60 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 1 torr until the refractive index (nD, converted value at 20 ° C.) reached 1.6580. went. The time required 90 minutes, and the consumption rate of the b-1 compound by HPLC analysis (GPC mode) was 50%. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to 20 ° C., and 5 parts by weight of the c-1 compound, 0.1 part by weight of tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, and 0.2 part by weight of di-n-butyltin dichloride were added, mixed well, and made uniform. At this time, the refractive index (nD, converted value at 20 ° C.) was 1.6560. The obtained resin composition was degassed under the conditions of 1 torr and 20 ° C. until the refractive index (nD, converted value at 20 ° C.) reached 1.6580. It took one hour. This composition was poured into a 10 mm thick mold composed of two glass plates and a gasket, heated at 20 ° C. for 20 hours, then heated at 40 ° C. for 5 hours, and then heated at 60 ° C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was raised from 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. over a period of 10 hours to 100 ° C. at a constant rate, and finally heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours to polymerize and cure. After cooling, the mold was released from the mold to obtain a cured optical material. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material.
実施例18
予備的な反応な反応温度を60℃から65℃へ変え、脱気処理の減圧度を1torrから10torrへ変える以外は実施例17を繰り返した。この際の予備的な反応および脱気処理は、実施例17と同一の屈折率となるまで行った。すなわち、予備的な反応および脱気処理はインライン型屈折率計による屈折率(nD、20℃変換値)が、いずれも1.6580になるまで行い、時間はそれぞれ1時間および2時間を要した。得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Example 18
Example 17 was repeated except that the preliminary reaction temperature was changed from 60 ° C. to 65 ° C., and the degree of vacuum for the degassing treatment was changed from 1 torr to 10 torr. The preliminary reaction and deaeration at this time were performed until the refractive index became the same as that of Example 17. That is, the preliminary reaction and the degassing treatment were performed until the refractive index (nD, converted value at 20 ° C.) by the in-line refractometer became 1.6580, and it took 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. . Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material.
比較例1
脱気処理を行わない以外は、実施例1を繰り返した。得られた光学材料には、多数の気泡が入っていた。得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Comparative Example 1
Example 1 was repeated except that no degassing treatment was performed. The obtained optical material contained many bubbles. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material.
比較例2〜6
表1に示す脱気処理条件にする以外は、実施例1を繰り返した。比較例4および比較例5では、樹脂用組成物がそれぞれ、急速重合およびゲル化してしまったために、モールドに注入できず、光学材料が得られなかった。得られた比較例の光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Comparative Examples 2 to 6
Example 1 was repeated except that the degassing conditions shown in Table 1 were used. In Comparative Examples 4 and 5, the resin composition was rapidly polymerized and gelled, respectively, and thus could not be injected into the mold, and no optical material was obtained. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material of the comparative example.
比較例7〜9
比較例7、比較例8および比較例9は、脱気処理を行わない以外は、それぞれ、実施例10、実施例11および実施例12を繰り返した。得られた光学材料には、多数の気泡が入っていた。得られた光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。
Comparative Examples 7 to 9
In Comparative Examples 7, 8, and 9, Examples 10, 11, and 12 were repeated, except that the degassing treatment was not performed. The obtained optical material contained many bubbles. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material.
比較例10〜13
a−1化合物および/またはb−1化合物および/またはc−1化合物を抜いた表1に示す重量部の組成に変化させ、以外は、比較例1を繰り返した。比較例13では、b−1化合物がc−1化合物に完全に溶解せず、そのまま注入したが、硬化せず光学材料が得られなかった。得られた比較例の光学材料の屈折率、アッベ数、透明性および耐熱性の測定結果を表1に示した。比較例10〜12では、(b)および/または(c)化合物が含まれていなかったため、本発明の脱気処理を行わずとも、透明性には問題がなかった。
Comparative Examples 10 to 13
Comparative Example 1 was repeated except that the composition was changed to the parts by weight shown in Table 1 in which the a-1 compound and / or the b-1 compound and / or the c-1 compound were omitted. In Comparative Example 13, the compound b-1 was not completely dissolved in the compound c-1 and was injected as it was, but was not cured and no optical material was obtained. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the refractive index, Abbe number, transparency, and heat resistance of the obtained optical material of the comparative example. In Comparative Examples 10 to 12, since the compounds (b) and / or (c) were not contained, there was no problem in transparency even without performing the degassing treatment of the present invention.
Claims (6)
(b)硫黄原子および/またはセレン原子を有する無機化合物と、
(c)メルカプト基を1分子あたり1個以上有する化合物とからなる樹脂用組成物を重合させる光学材料の製造方法において、あらかじめ該樹脂用組成物を0.001〜50torrの減圧下、1分間〜24時間、0℃〜100℃で脱気処理させることを特徴とする光学材料の製造方法。 (A) a compound having at least one structure represented by the following formula (1) in one molecule:
(B) an inorganic compound having a sulfur atom and / or a selenium atom;
(C) In a method for producing an optical material in which a resin composition comprising a compound having one or more mercapto groups per molecule is polymerized, the resin composition is preliminarily prepared under a reduced pressure of 0.001 to 50 torr for 1 minute to A method for producing an optical material, comprising degassing at 0 ° C. to 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
An optical material obtained by the manufacturing method according to claim 1.
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