JP2004044007A - Polylactic acid fiber - Google Patents

Polylactic acid fiber Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004044007A
JP2004044007A JP2002202067A JP2002202067A JP2004044007A JP 2004044007 A JP2004044007 A JP 2004044007A JP 2002202067 A JP2002202067 A JP 2002202067A JP 2002202067 A JP2002202067 A JP 2002202067A JP 2004044007 A JP2004044007 A JP 2004044007A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
polylactic acid
yarn
undrawn
spinning
crystallization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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JP2002202067A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroshi Kajiyama
梶山 宏史
Hideo Ueda
上田 秀夫
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kanebo Synthetic Fibers Ltd
Kanebo Ltd
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Kanebo Synthetic Fibers Ltd
Kanebo Ltd
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Priority to JP2002202067A priority Critical patent/JP2004044007A/en
Publication of JP2004044007A publication Critical patent/JP2004044007A/en
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  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a polylactic acid fiber which has excellent operability in drawing and false twisting processes and is more excellent than general-purpose fibers in terms of physical properties. <P>SOLUTION: The polylactic acid fiber comprises L-lactic acid and/or D-lactic acid as a main repeating unit, has biodegradability, ≤13.0 J/g and ≥3.0 J/g crystallization enthalpy (▵Hc). The polylactic acid undrawn yarn has preferably 0.75-15 dtex single filament fineness. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ポリ乳酸未延伸糸に関する。さらに詳しくは特定の物性を持つポリ乳酸未延伸糸を使用することで、延伸もしくは仮撚工程での操業性及び機械的特性に優れたポリ乳酸繊維を得る事ができる。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ポリ乳酸繊維については各種紡糸方法が検討されており、高速紡糸法(特開平10−37020号公報、特開平11−61561号公報)により繊維を得る方法などが開示されている。
【0003】
しかし、ポリ乳酸系繊維の場合は2000m/分以下のコンベ方法では紡糸時に結晶化が進んでいないために、延伸工程で熱ローラーでの糸揺れが大きかったり、プレートヒーター等での糸切れが発生しやすく操業性が悪い。又、糸質が不均一になるなど、得られた糸が不安定である。又、高速紡糸で得られた糸は延伸工程が無いために、強度が低い。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明では、延伸もしくは延伸仮撚工程で優れた物性、操業性が得られるポリ乳酸未延伸糸を提供するにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決する為の手段】
上述の目的は、L−乳酸及び/またはD−乳酸を主たる繰り返し単位とするポリ乳酸未延伸糸の結晶化エンタルピー(ΔHc)を13.0J/g以下3.0J/g以上にする事で達成できる。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のポリ乳酸未延伸糸は未延伸糸の結晶化エンタルピー(ΔHc)を13.0J/g以下3.0J/g以上にする事が必要である。未延伸糸の結晶化エンタルピー(ΔHc)が3.0J/g未満では未延伸糸の結晶化が進みすぎて、延伸工程で十分な延伸を掛ける事ができず強度が向上しない。又、結晶化エンタルピーが13.0J/gを超えると、十分に結晶化が進んでいないために熱安定性が悪く、延伸時にローラーでの糸揺れ(糸切れ)が大きく、操業性が悪い。又、十分に熱を加える事ができないため強度が低く、実用性に劣る。未延伸糸の結晶化エンタルピーは好ましくは10J/g以下4.0J/g以上である。
【0007】
上記未延伸糸を得るには紡糸時の紡糸ドラフト(紡糸速度/吐出線速度)を50から200の範囲で実施する事が好ましく、さらに好ましくは60から140である。
【0008】
又、紡糸速度は目的とする繊維径や最適紡糸ドラフトによって異なるが、2500m/分から5000m/分の範囲が好ましい。さらに好ましくは3500m/分から4500m/分の範囲である。
【0009】
紡糸温度についてはポリ乳酸の粘度により最適温度は異なるが、紡糸温度は210℃から250℃の範囲内であれば、紡糸時の粘度低下も少なく、最適な結晶化エンタルピーの調整が可能である。さらに好ましくは、220℃から240℃である。
【0010】
本発明に使用するポリ乳酸の相対粘度が2.5〜3.5の範囲あるポリ乳酸を用いることが好ましい。そのようなポリ乳酸を用いると製糸性及び、延伸特性の点で好ましい。さらに好ましくは、2.7〜3.2である。
【0011】
本発明に用いるポリ乳酸はL−乳酸、D−乳酸あるいは乳酸の2量体であるL−ラクチドやD−ラクチドあるいはメゾラクチドを原料とするものであるが、結晶性を有するポリ乳酸を用いることで糸の結晶性上げ強度を上げる事ができる。ポリ乳酸のL−体の比率は95%以上である事が好ましい。さらに好ましくは、98%以上である。
【0012】
又、糸の結晶性を向上させるために、酸化チタン、炭酸カルシウム、タルク等の無機粒子を添加することが出来る。添加量は好ましくは0.1〜3wt%の範囲内で用いる。
【0013】
また、ポリ乳酸未延伸糸の沸水収縮率は75%以下である事が好ましい。75%以下であれば延伸や延伸仮撚工程での糸切れも少なく良好である。沸水収縮率は更に好ましくは50%であり、特に好ましくは、16〜40%である。
【0014】
ポリ乳酸未延伸糸の単糸繊度は好ましくは0.75〜15dtexである。上記範囲内であれば、通常の溶融紡糸法で、未延伸糸の結晶化エンタルピーを延伸に適した範囲に調整する事ができる。単糸繊度はさらに好ましくは、1.0〜10dtexである。
【0015】
本発明のポリ乳酸未延伸糸を使用した延伸糸の延伸方法は、通常の熱延伸方法であれば特に問題はないが生産性を考慮して700m/分以上である事が好ましい。
【0016】
又、得られた延伸糸の引張強度は、3.5cN/dtex以上であり、沸水収縮率も15%以下である事が好ましい。
【0017】
本発明のポリ乳酸未延伸糸を使用した仮撚糸の製造方法は通常の延伸同時仮撚方法であれば特に問題はなく、ベルトタイプ、ピンタイプ、フリクションタイプのどの仮撚機でも使用可能である。仮撚速度は生産性を考慮して500m/分以上である事が好ましい。
【0018】
又、得られた仮撚糸の引張強度は、2.8cN/dtex以上であり、復元収縮率(CR)が10%以上である事が好ましい。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により具体的に本発明を説明する。最初に、ポリマー物性の分析方法を紹介する。
【0020】
<結晶化エンタルピー>
リガク製Thermoplus DSC8230を使用して、昇温速度10℃/分にて30℃〜200℃の温度範囲にて測定した。
【0021】
<相対粘度ηrel>
フェノール/テトラクロロエタン=60/40(質量比)の混合溶媒に試料を1g/dLの濃度になるよう溶解し、20℃でウベローデ粘度管を用いて相対粘度を測定した。
【0022】
(L体の測定)
樹脂を加水分解させ、1.0Nメタノール性水酸化ナトリウム溶液を溶媒として高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC:島津製 LC10AD型)を使ってL体の比率を求めた。
【0023】
(強伸度の測定)
島津製作所製引っ張り試験機(RTM−100)を用い、試料長20cm、速度20cm/分で引っ張り試験を行った。破断強度を引っ張り強度、破断伸度を伸度とした。
【0024】
(伸縮復元率)
試料に表示繊度の1/10gの初期荷重を与え、かせ長40cm捲き数10回の小かせを作製し、これに表示繊度の1/10×20gの重荷重をかけて、温度20±2℃の水中に3分間浸漬し、かせ長(a)を測定し、次いで重荷重を取り除いて2分間放置した後再びかせ長(b)を測定し、次式により算出した。
伸縮復元率(%)=(a−b)/a×100
【0025】
(沸水収縮率)
初期値50cmの試料に初期過重200mgをかけて沸騰水中に15分間浸漬し、5分間風乾した後、次式により沸水収縮率を求めた。
沸水収縮率(%)=(初期試料長−収縮後の試料長)/初期試料長×100
【0026】
実施例1〜3
溶液粘度2.95、L体の比率が98.8%のポリ乳酸を120℃で24時間乾燥した後、紡糸温度230℃にて、孔径0.25mmを有する紡糸ノズルより空中に押し出し、2500、4000、4500m/分で未延伸糸銘柄122dtex/24fで巻き取った。
【0027】
得られたポリ乳酸未延伸糸をローラーヒーター/プレートヒータータイプの延伸機にて120℃/135℃で、750m/分の速度で延伸し、延伸糸を得た。
【0028】
得られた、ポリ乳酸未延伸糸の結晶化エンタルピーは12.0〜4.6J/gであり、得られた延伸糸もいずれも引張強度は4cN/dtex以上であり、延伸性も良好であった。
【0029】
実施例4〜6
実施例1〜3と同じポリ乳酸を使用し同じ紡糸温度条件で、巻取速度2500,4000,4500m/分にて未延伸糸銘柄:84dtex/48fのポリ乳酸未延伸糸を得た。
【0030】
得られたポリ乳酸未延伸糸を村田機械製の33Hマッハクリンパーを使用し、ヒーター温度130℃、仮撚速度500m/分にて延伸同時仮撚を実施した。
【0031】
ポリ乳酸未延伸糸の結晶化エンタルピーは11.5〜4.2J/gであり、得られた仮撚糸もいずれも引張強度は2.8cN/dtex以上であり、仮撚性も良好であった。
【0032】
比較例1
紡糸速度を1000m/分とする以外は実施例4と同様にして得たポリ乳酸未延伸糸を、33Hマッハクリンパーを使用し、ヒーター温度130℃、仮撚速度500m/分にて延伸同時仮撚を実施した。しかしながら、ポリ乳酸繊維の結晶化エンタルピーが16J/gと高いために、糸の耐熱性が悪く延伸時にヒーターに接触すると糸切れが発生し、得られた仮撚糸も強度が低く実用上使用する事は出来ない。
【0033】
比較例2
紡糸速度を5500m/分する以外は実施例4と同様にして得たポリ乳酸未延伸糸を、33Hマッハクリンパーを使用し、ヒーター温度130℃、仮撚速度500m/分にて延伸同時仮撚を実施した。しかしながら、ポリ乳酸繊維の結晶化エンタルピーが2.8J/gと低く未延伸糸の結晶化が進みすぎて、延伸時に延伸倍率を上げる事ができず得られた仮撚糸も強度が低い。
【0034】
【表1】

Figure 2004044007
【0035】
【表2】
Figure 2004044007
【0036】
【表3】
Figure 2004044007
【0037】
【発明の効果】
延伸および延伸仮撚工程での操業性・物性に優れたポリ乳酸繊維を得る事ができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an undrawn polylactic acid yarn. More specifically, by using a polylactic acid undrawn yarn having specific physical properties, a polylactic acid fiber having excellent operability and mechanical properties in a drawing or false twisting step can be obtained.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various spinning methods are being studied for polylactic acid fibers, and methods for obtaining fibers by a high-speed spinning method (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 10-37020 and 11-61561) are disclosed.
[0003]
However, in the case of a polylactic acid-based fiber, crystallization does not progress during spinning with a conveyor method of 2000 m / min or less. Easy to operate and poor operability. Further, the obtained yarn is unstable, for example, the yarn quality becomes uneven. Further, the yarn obtained by high-speed spinning has a low strength because there is no drawing step.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an undrawn polylactic acid yarn that can obtain excellent physical properties and operability in a drawing or drawing false twisting step.
[0005]
[Means for solving the problem]
The above object is achieved by setting the crystallization enthalpy (ΔHc) of an undrawn yarn of polylactic acid containing L-lactic acid and / or D-lactic acid as a main repeating unit to 13.0 J / g or less and 3.0 J / g or more. it can.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The undrawn yarn of the polylactic acid of the present invention needs to have a crystallization enthalpy (ΔHc) of the undrawn yarn of 13.0 J / g or less and 3.0 J / g or more. When the crystallization enthalpy (ΔHc) of the undrawn yarn is less than 3.0 J / g, the crystallization of the undrawn yarn is excessively advanced, so that sufficient drawing cannot be performed in the drawing step and the strength is not improved. On the other hand, if the enthalpy of crystallization exceeds 13.0 J / g, thermal stability is poor due to insufficient crystallization, and yarn sway (yarn breakage) with a roller during stretching is large, resulting in poor operability. In addition, since sufficient heat cannot be applied, the strength is low and the practicability is poor. The crystallization enthalpy of the undrawn yarn is preferably 10 J / g or less and 4.0 J / g or more.
[0007]
In order to obtain the above undrawn yarn, the spinning draft (spinning speed / discharge linear speed) during spinning is preferably performed in the range of 50 to 200, more preferably 60 to 140.
[0008]
The spinning speed varies depending on the target fiber diameter and the optimum spinning draft, but is preferably in the range of 2500 m / min to 5000 m / min. More preferably, it is in the range of 3500 m / min to 4500 m / min.
[0009]
The optimum spinning temperature varies depending on the viscosity of the polylactic acid. However, if the spinning temperature is in the range of 210 ° C. to 250 ° C., a decrease in the viscosity during spinning is small, and the optimal crystallization enthalpy can be adjusted. More preferably, the temperature is from 220 ° C to 240 ° C.
[0010]
It is preferable to use polylactic acid in which the relative viscosity of the polylactic acid used in the present invention is in the range of 2.5 to 3.5. Use of such a polylactic acid is preferred in terms of the spinning properties and the stretching properties. More preferably, it is 2.7-3.2.
[0011]
The polylactic acid used in the present invention is made from L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid or a dimer of lactic acid, L-lactide, D-lactide or mesolactide as a raw material. The crystallinity raising strength of the yarn can be increased. It is preferable that the ratio of the L-form of polylactic acid is 95% or more. More preferably, it is 98% or more.
[0012]
Further, in order to improve the crystallinity of the yarn, inorganic particles such as titanium oxide, calcium carbonate and talc can be added. The addition amount is preferably used in the range of 0.1 to 3% by weight.
[0013]
Further, the boiling water shrinkage of the undrawn polylactic acid yarn is preferably 75% or less. If it is 75% or less, there is little yarn breakage in the drawing or drawing false twisting step, which is good. The boiling water shrinkage is more preferably 50%, and particularly preferably 16 to 40%.
[0014]
The single yarn fineness of the undrawn polylactic acid yarn is preferably 0.75 to 15 dtex. Within the above range, the enthalpy of crystallization of the undrawn yarn can be adjusted to a range suitable for drawing by a usual melt spinning method. The single yarn fineness is more preferably 1.0 to 10 dtex.
[0015]
The drawing method of the drawn yarn using the polylactic acid undrawn yarn of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a normal heat drawing method, but is preferably 700 m / min or more in consideration of productivity.
[0016]
Further, the tensile strength of the obtained drawn yarn is preferably 3.5 cN / dtex or more, and the boiling water shrinkage is preferably 15% or less.
[0017]
The method for producing a false twisted yarn using the polylactic acid undrawn yarn of the present invention is not particularly problematic as long as it is a normal drawing simultaneous false twisting method, and any belt type, pin type, or friction type false twisting machine can be used. . The false twist speed is preferably at least 500 m / min in consideration of productivity.
[0018]
Further, the tensile strength of the obtained false twisted yarn is preferably 2.8 cN / dtex or more, and the restoration shrinkage (CR) is preferably 10% or more.
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. First, a method for analyzing polymer physical properties will be introduced.
[0020]
<Crystalization enthalpy>
The measurement was performed using a Rigaku Thermoplus DSC8230 at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min in a temperature range of 30 ° C to 200 ° C.
[0021]
<Relative viscosity ηrel>
The sample was dissolved in a mixed solvent of phenol / tetrachloroethane = 60/40 (mass ratio) to a concentration of 1 g / dL, and the relative viscosity was measured at 20 ° C. using an Ubbelohde viscosity tube.
[0022]
(Measurement of L-body)
The resin was hydrolyzed, and the ratio of L-form was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC: Shimadzu LC10AD type) using 1.0N methanolic sodium hydroxide solution as a solvent.
[0023]
(Measurement of strength and elongation)
Using a tensile tester (RTM-100) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, a tensile test was performed at a sample length of 20 cm and a speed of 20 cm / min. The breaking strength was defined as the tensile strength, and the breaking elongation was defined as the elongation.
[0024]
(Elastic restoration rate)
An initial load of 1/10 g of the indicated fineness is applied to the sample, and a small skein of skein length of 40 cm and ten windings is prepared. Was immersed in water for 3 minutes, and the skein length (a) was measured. Then, the heavy load was removed and the skein length (b) was measured again, and the skein length (b) was measured again.
Expansion / contraction restoration rate (%) = (ab) / a × 100
[0025]
(Boiling water shrinkage)
A sample having an initial value of 50 cm was immersed in boiling water for 15 minutes with an initial load of 200 mg, air-dried for 5 minutes, and then the boiling water shrinkage was determined by the following equation.
Boiling water shrinkage (%) = (initial sample length−sample length after shrinkage) / initial sample length × 100
[0026]
Examples 1-3
After drying polylactic acid having a solution viscosity of 2.95 and a ratio of L-form of 98.8% at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, it was extruded into the air at a spinning temperature of 230 ° C. from a spinning nozzle having a pore diameter of 0.25 mm. It was wound at a rate of 4000 and 4500 m / min with an undrawn yarn brand of 122 dtex / 24f.
[0027]
The obtained undrawn polylactic acid yarn was drawn at a speed of 750 m / min at 120 ° C./135° C. using a roller heater / plate heater type drawing machine to obtain a drawn yarn.
[0028]
The crystallization enthalpy of the obtained undrawn polylactic acid yarn was 12.0 to 4.6 J / g, the tensile strength of each of the obtained drawn yarns was 4 cN / dtex or more, and the drawability was good. Was.
[0029]
Examples 4 to 6
Using the same polylactic acid as in Examples 1 to 3, and under the same spinning temperature conditions, at a winding speed of 2,500, 4000, 4500 m / min, an undrawn yarn of 84 dtex / 48f was obtained.
[0030]
Using a 33H Mach crimper manufactured by Murata Machinery, the obtained undrawn polylactic acid yarn was subjected to simultaneous simultaneous false twisting at a heater temperature of 130 ° C and a false twist speed of 500 m / min.
[0031]
The crystallization enthalpy of the undrawn polylactic acid yarn was 11.5 to 4.2 J / g, and the resulting false twisted yarn had a tensile strength of 2.8 cN / dtex or more, and the false twistability was also good. .
[0032]
Comparative Example 1
Polylactic acid unstretched yarn obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the spinning speed is set to 1000 m / min, using a 33H Mach crimper at a heater temperature of 130 ° C and a false twisting speed of 500 m / min. Was carried out. However, since the crystallization enthalpy of polylactic acid fiber is as high as 16 J / g, the heat resistance of the yarn is poor and the yarn breaks when it comes into contact with the heater during drawing, and the obtained false twisted yarn has low strength and must be used for practical use. Can not.
[0033]
Comparative Example 2
A polylactic acid unstretched yarn obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the spinning speed is set to 5500 m / min, was subjected to simultaneous false twisting at a heater temperature of 130 ° C and a false twist speed of 500 m / min using a 33H Mach crimper. Carried out. However, the crystallization enthalpy of the polylactic acid fiber is as low as 2.8 J / g, and the crystallization of the undrawn yarn is too advanced, so that the draw ratio cannot be increased at the time of drawing, and the obtained false twisted yarn also has low strength.
[0034]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004044007
[0035]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004044007
[0036]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004044007
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
Polylactic acid fibers having excellent operability and physical properties in the drawing and drawing false twisting steps can be obtained.

Claims (4)

L−乳酸及び/またはD−乳酸を主たる繰り返し単位とするポリ乳酸からなり、結晶化エンタルピー(ΔHc)が13.0J/g以下3.0J/g以上であることを特徴とするポリ乳酸未延伸糸。Unstretched polylactic acid comprising polylactic acid having L-lactic acid and / or D-lactic acid as a main repeating unit and having an crystallization enthalpy (ΔHc) of 13.0 J / g or less and 3.0 J / g or more. yarn. 単糸繊度が0.75〜15デシテックス(dtex)であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のポリ乳酸未延伸糸。The polylactic acid unstretched yarn according to claim 1, wherein the single yarn fineness is 0.75 to 15 dtex. 請求項1〜2いずれかに記載のポリ乳酸未延伸糸を延伸加工した、延伸糸。A drawn yarn obtained by drawing the undrawn polylactic acid yarn according to claim 1. 請求項1〜2いずれかに記載のポリ乳酸未延伸糸を延伸仮撚加工した、仮撚糸。A false twisted yarn obtained by subjecting the undrawn polylactic acid yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 2 to draw false twisting.
JP2002202067A 2002-07-11 2002-07-11 Polylactic acid fiber Pending JP2004044007A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005200800A (en) * 2004-01-19 2005-07-28 Toray Ind Inc False twist yarn of polylactic acid and method for producing the same
JP2005299067A (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-10-27 Toray Ind Inc Polylactic acid fiber
KR101623849B1 (en) 2014-12-08 2016-05-24 한국화학연구원 Stereo tri-block polylactide fiber and prepration method thereof

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005200800A (en) * 2004-01-19 2005-07-28 Toray Ind Inc False twist yarn of polylactic acid and method for producing the same
JP4525082B2 (en) * 2004-01-19 2010-08-18 東レ株式会社 Polylactic acid false twisted yarn and method for producing the same
JP2005299067A (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-10-27 Toray Ind Inc Polylactic acid fiber
JP4617872B2 (en) * 2004-03-15 2011-01-26 東レ株式会社 Polylactic acid fiber
KR101623849B1 (en) 2014-12-08 2016-05-24 한국화학연구원 Stereo tri-block polylactide fiber and prepration method thereof

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