JP2004026526A - Reformer system - Google Patents

Reformer system Download PDF

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JP2004026526A
JP2004026526A JP2002181916A JP2002181916A JP2004026526A JP 2004026526 A JP2004026526 A JP 2004026526A JP 2002181916 A JP2002181916 A JP 2002181916A JP 2002181916 A JP2002181916 A JP 2002181916A JP 2004026526 A JP2004026526 A JP 2004026526A
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gas
plate
header
hole
fluid flow
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JP3831688B2 (en
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Keiichi Sato
佐藤 恵一
Kenji Shinya
新屋 謙治
Takayuki Goto
後藤 崇之
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reformer system, which enhances heat exchange efficiency without increasing the pressure loss of fluid, which has a simple and compact shape requiring no piping etc., and which can be incorporated into other apparatuses and inexpensively mass-produced. <P>SOLUTION: A fluid flow-passage plate is formed by punching out a plurality of fluid flow-passages. A header plate is formed by punching out header through-holes for supplying/discharging a raw material gas to/from the fluid flow-passages into a shape and punching out header through-holes for supplying/discharging a fuel gas to/from the fluid flow-passages into another shape. An intermediate plate for making the fluid flow-passage plate to form the fluid flow-passages is formed. Besides, through-holes for supplying /discharging separately the raw material gas and the fuel gas to/from the header through-holes, which have different shapes as mentioned above, are formed in each of the plates. These plates are laminated to form a laminate-type fluid passage unit. The units are prepared for the raw material gas and the fuel gas, and so composed that the through-holes of each apparatus of the system for discharging the raw material gas and the fuel gas are connected to the through-holes of other apparatuses for supplying them. In this way, the reformer system has each of its devices composed integrally. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、分散電源用などのPEFC(Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell)に適用する改質器システムに関し、特に、積層一体型として小型、安価に構成した改質器システムに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の分散電源用などに用いられる改質器は、図3に示したように、原料の水301を蒸発させる水蒸発器305、改質触媒310とバーナ309とを有し、水蒸発器305で発生させた水蒸気とメタン(CH)などのハイドロカーボンガスを含む都市ガス302などの原料ガスとの混合ガスを、バーナ309で燃焼させた約900℃の排ガスで加熱して改質触媒310で改質する改質反応装置306、この改質反応装置306で改質、生成された約650℃の水素(H)とCOガスとを含む改質ガスから水蒸気によって水素とCOガスを生成するCOガスシフト反応装置307、そしてこれらのガスが含む熱をバーナ309の燃焼用空気303と熱交換する熱回収装置311、熱交換されたガス中の残留COガスを燃焼させるCOガス燃焼装置308などで構成され、生成された改質ガス304が次工程の燃料電池などに送られるようになっていた。
【0003】
しかしながらこの図3に示した従来の改質システムでは、各装置を個別に製作しなければならずコストが高いということ、また各装置をつなぐ配管ラインなどが必要であり、その配管ラインによる放熱で熱のロスが生じたり、装置全体が大きくなって他の装置への組み込みなどが困難であるという問題があった。
【0004】
そのため特開2002−3202号公報には、一方の面に燃焼触媒を、他方の面に改質触媒を備えた薄板と、ガス流路を設けたスペーサーとを積層することによって燃焼部と改質部とを形成し、さらに気化部、予熱部を一体に設けてコンパクト化したメタノール改質装置が示されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながらこの特開2002−3202号公報に示されたメタノール改質装置は、スペーサで構成する流路が略U字状の折り返し形状となっており、単位体積あたりの交換熱量は大きくなるが流体の圧力損失が大きくなるため流路を長くすることができず、かつ、構造的に、スペーサで構成した燃焼部、改質部、気化部、予熱部などの流路への流体供給が並列的に行われ、流体流路を通らない流体が生じて熱交換効率が悪い。
【0006】
そのため本発明においては、流体の圧力損失を増加させることなく熱交換効率を高くでき、配管などを不要としたシンプルでコンパクトな形状で、かつ、他の装置への組み込みや大量生産ができて安価な改質器システムを提供することが課題である。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため請求項1に記載した発明は、
水蒸発器、改質反応装置、COガスシフト反応装置、熱回収装置、COガス燃焼装置とからなり、原料ガスを、燃料ガスにより発生させた熱で水素を含む改質ガスに改質する改質器システムにおいて、
前記水蒸発器、改質反応装置、COガスシフト反応装置、熱回収装置、COガス燃焼装置のそれぞれを、複数の流体用流路を打ち抜いて形成した流体用流路プレートと、該流体用流路プレートにおける複数の流体用流路の両端部に対応させ、前記原料ガスの供給又は排出に供するヘッダー用貫通孔と燃料ガスの供給又は排出に供するヘッダー用貫通孔とをそれぞれ別形状で打ち抜いて形成したヘッダープレートと、前記流体用流路プレートに流体用流路を形成させる中間プレートとを積層すると共に、前記別形状としたヘッダー用貫通孔に前記原料ガスと燃料ガスを別々に供給又は排出する貫通孔を各プレートに設けて形成した積層型流路ユニットを原料ガス用と燃料ガス用に用意して積層して構成し、各装置における原料ガスと燃料ガスの排出用貫通孔を他の装置の供給用貫通孔に接続することで一体化して構成したことを特徴とする。
【0008】
このように流体用プレートの流体用流路、及び流体用流路に流体を供給、排出するヘッダー用貫通孔、ヘッダー用貫通孔に前記燃料ガスと原料ガスを供給又は排出する貫通孔をプレス加工による打ち抜きで作成することにより、短時間で大量生産が可能となると共に製造コストが安くできる。また、ヘッダー用貫通孔を燃料ガスと原料ガスの供給又は排出用でそれぞれ別形状とすると共に、これらヘッダー用貫通孔に燃料ガスと原料ガスを供給又は排出する貫通孔も夫々別々とし、かつ、水蒸発器、改質反応装置、COガスシフト反応装置、熱回収装置、COガス燃焼装置の各装置における原料ガスと燃料ガスの排出用貫通孔を他の装置の供給用貫通孔に接続したから、原料ガスと燃料ガスはそれぞれの装置を直列的に通過し、高い熱交換効率の改質器システムを提供することができる。
【0009】
そして請求項2に記載した発明は、
前記流体用流路プレートを、溝を設けた平板で構成すると共に中間プレートを用いずにヘッダープレートのみと組み合わせて前記積層流路ユニットを構成したことを特徴とする。
【0010】
このように流体用流路プレートを構成することにより、中間プレートを用いずに済むからそれだけ熱交換効率の良い改質器システムを提供することができる。
【0011】
そして改質反応装置、COガスシフト反応装置、COガス燃焼装置の流体流路に、請求項3に記載したように触媒を塗布することにより、燃料ガスは効率的に燃焼でき、従って原料ガスを効率的に改質できる改質器システムを提供することができる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に基づいて本発明の実施の形態を例示的に詳しく説明する。但し、この実施の形態に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対配置などは、特に特定的な記載がない限りはこの発明の範囲をそれのみに限定する趣旨ではなく、単なる説明例に過ぎない。
【0013】
図1は、本発明になる改質器システムの一実施例の形態を示した概略構成図(A)と、その内部における流体の流れを示した図(B)、図2は本発明になる改質器システムにおける流体流路の他の作成方法を示した図である。
【0014】
図中1は水蒸発器、2は改質反応装置、3はCOガスシフト反応装置、4は熱回収装置、5はCOガス燃焼装置であり、これら各装置は、改質反応装置2に詳細を示したように、10の低温流体用ヘッダープレート、11の低温流体用流路プレート、12の中間プレート、13の高温流体用流路プレート、14の高温流体用ヘッダープレート、15の中間プレートを複数積層して積層流路ユニットを構成し、その積層流路ユニットをさらに積層して構成している。そして、低温流体用ヘッダープレート10にはヘッダー用貫通孔20が打ち抜きで形成され、改質触媒21が低温流体用流路プレート11に打ち抜きで形成された流路22に対応した位置に塗布されている。また中間プレート12には、図上裏面に低温流体用流路プレート11の流路22に対応した位置に改質触媒21が、図上表面の高温流体用流路プレート13に打ち抜きで形成された流路24に対応した位置に燃焼触媒23が塗布されている。そしてヘッダープレート14にはヘッダー用貫通孔26が打ち抜きで形成され、図上裏面には、中間プレート12と同様高温流体用流路プレート13に形成された流路24に対応した位置に燃焼触媒23が塗布されている。そしてこれら低温流体用ヘッダープレート10、低温流体用流路プレート11、中間プレート12、高温流体用流路プレート13、高温流体用ヘッダープレート14、中間プレート15には、例えば高温流体である燃料ガスと低温流体である改質ガスをヘッダー用貫通孔を通して流路に供給、排出するための貫通孔27、28、29、30が打ち抜きで形成されている。
【0015】
また水蒸発器1には、水とメタン(CH)などのハイドロカーボンガスを含む都市ガスなどの原料ガス33を供給する供給口31、燃料ガスの燃焼後の排ガス34を排出する排出口32が設けられ、COガス燃焼装置5には、燃料ガス37の供給口35、原料ガス33が改質された改質ガス38を排出する排出口36、COガスを燃焼させるための空気40を供給する供給口39が設けられている。なお、水蒸発器1、COガスシフト反応装置3、熱回収装置4、COガス燃焼装置5は、それぞれ改質反応装置2と同様低温流体用ヘッダープレート10、低温流体用流路プレート11、中間プレート12、高温流体用流路プレート13、高温流体用ヘッダープレート14、中間プレート15が積層されて構成されているが、水蒸発器1、熱回収装置4は改質触媒21と燃焼触媒23は用いずに燃焼排ガス34の熱で水の蒸発と燃料ガス37と燃焼用空気40の予熱を行い、COガスシフト反応装置3は改質触媒21と燃焼触媒23を用いてCOガスと水蒸気から水素(H)を得る反応を行い、COガス燃焼装置5は、燃焼触媒を用いてCOガスを燃焼させる。
【0016】
また、これら水蒸発器1、改質反応装置2、COガスシフト反応装置3、熱回収装置4、COガス燃焼装置の原料ガス33、燃料ガス37をそれぞれのヘッダー用貫通孔20、26から流路22、24へ供給するための貫通孔27、28、29、30は、1つの装置の排出用貫通孔を他の装置の供給用貫通孔に接続するようにしてある。すなわち、この図1(B)において、矢印はそれぞれの装置の中における流体の流れ方向を示し、貫通孔27、28、29、30における●は図で上下の装置との間がふさがれていることを、○は同じく図で上下の装置との間が繋がっていることを示す。なお、ヘッダープレート10、14、流体用流路プレート11、13、中間プレート12、15に設けられたヘッダー用貫通孔20、26、流体用流路22、24、貫通孔27、28、29、30は、前記したようにプレス加工の打ち抜きで形成すると同形状のプレートが多くて大量生産が簡単であり、製造コストが安くなるというメリットがある。また、流体用流路22、24の幅を100μm〜500μm、本数を100本程度と多くすると、熱交換密度(伝熱面積/熱交体積)が非常に大きくなるため、改質器システム自身を非常にコンパクトに構成できる。
【0017】
以下、最初にこの図1(B)を用いて本発明の改質器システムにおける流体の流れについて説明する。なお、以下の説明では、各装置内には前記したように改質反応装置2の内部と同様なヘッダープレート10、14、流体用流路プレート11、13、中間プレート12、15等が設けられているが、説明の簡単化のため、それぞれの装置における説明をこの改質反応装置2におけるプレートと同一番号のものとして説明してゆく。
【0018】
前記したように、水蒸発器1には水とメタン(CH)やエタン(C)などのハイドロカーボンガスを含む都市ガスなどの原料ガス33を供給する供給口31、燃料ガスの燃焼後の排ガス34を排出する排出口32が設けられ、COガス燃焼装置5には燃料ガス37の供給口35、原料ガス33が改質された改質ガス38を排出する排出口36、COガスを燃焼させるための空気40を供給する供給口39が設けられている。そのため、まず燃料ガス37は、その供給口35からCOガス燃焼装置5の貫通孔27に供給され、前記したように内部に設けられたヘッダープレート14のヘッダー用貫通孔26から流体用流路プレート13の流路24に供給されて燃焼触媒23によって一部燃焼され、ヘッダープレート14のヘッダー用貫通孔26から中間プレート15の貫通孔29に排出されて次の熱回収装置4に送られる。そして、この熱回収装置4における同様な高温用流体流路で燃料ガス37と燃焼用空気40の熱効率を向上させるための予熱をおこない、さらに貫通孔27からCOガスシフト反応装置3に送られて、同様に高温用流体流路で熱を供給して貫通孔29から改質反応装置2に送られ、改質反応のための熱を供給して貫通孔27から水蒸発器1に送られて貫通孔29から排出口32排ガス34として排出される。
【0019】
一方、供給口31から供給された原料ガス33は、水蒸発器1内の貫通孔30から前記したように内部に設けられたヘッダープレート10のヘッダー用貫通孔20に供給され、さらに流体用流路プレート11の流路22に供給されて、前記流体用流路プレート13の流路24に供給されている燃料ガスの燃焼による900℃程度の熱で蒸発され、ヘッダープレート10のヘッダー用貫通孔20から流体用流路プレート11の貫通孔28に排出されて次の改質反応装置2に送られる。そして、この改質反応装置2における低温用流体流路で燃料ガスによる熱と改質触媒21で改質され、さらに貫通孔30からCOガスシフト反応装置3に送られて、COガスと水蒸気から水素(H)を得る反応が行われて貫通孔28から熱回収装置4に送られる。そして、燃料ガス37と燃焼用空気40の熱効率を向上させるための予熱がおこなわれ、貫通孔30からCOガス燃焼装置に送られてCOガスが燃焼され、貫通孔28から改質ガスとして改質ガス排出口36に排出される。
【0020】
以上が各ガスの流れであるが、以下、それぞれの装置の働きについて更に詳細に説明する。前記したように供給口31から供給された水とメタン(CH)やエタン(C)などのハイドロカーボンガスを含む都市ガスなどの原料ガス33は、水蒸発器1内に設けられた例えば15のような中間プレートの貫通孔30からヘッダープレート10のヘッダー用貫通孔20に供給され、さらに流体用流路プレート11の流路22に供給されて、前記流体用流路プレート13の流路24に供給されている燃料ガスによる熱で過熱水蒸気が生成され、ヘッダープレート10のヘッダー用貫通孔20から流体用流路プレート11の貫通孔28に排出されて次の改質反応装置2に送られる。なお、水蒸発器1の流体用流路22、24には前記したように改質触媒21や燃焼触媒23は設けられていない。
【0021】
そして改質反応装置2に送られた過熱水蒸気を含んだ原料ガスは、貫通孔28からヘッダープレート10におけるヘッダー用貫通孔20を介して流体用流路プレート11の流路22に送られる。一方、この改質反応装置2における流体用流路プレート13の流路24には前記したように燃料ガス37が送られており、ヘッダープレート14、中間プレート12に塗布された燃焼触媒23によってこの燃料ガス37が燃焼して900℃程度の熱を出し、ヘッダープレート10、中間プレート12に塗布されている改質反応を促進する改質触媒21とこの熱により、メタン(CH)やエタン(C)などのハイドロカーボンガスからなる原料ガス33が、下記の反応により水蒸気改質されて水素(H)と一酸化炭素(CO)が作られる。
メタン改質反応式:CH+HO→3H+CO
そしてこのガスは、ヘッダープレート10のヘッダー用貫通孔20から貫通孔30を介して次のCOガスシフト反応装置3に送られる。
【0022】
COガスシフト反応装置3では、貫通孔30から送られてきた水素(H)と一酸化炭素(CO)ガスがヘッダープレート10のヘッダー用貫通孔20から流体用流路プレート11の流路22に供給され、前記と同様流体用流路プレート13の流路24に流れる燃料ガス37の燃焼熱とヘッダープレート10、中間プレート12に塗布されている改質反応を促進する改質触媒21によって下記の反応により炭酸ガス(CO)と水素(H)が作られる。
COシフト反応式:CO+HO→H+CO
そしてこのガスは、ヘッダープレート10のヘッダー用貫通孔20から貫通孔28を介して次の熱回収装置4に送られる。
【0023】
そして貫通孔28から熱回収装置4に送られた炭酸ガス(CO)と水素(H)の混合ガスは、全く同様にヘッダープレート10のヘッダー用貫通孔20から流体用流路プレート11の流路22に送られ、燃料ガス37と燃焼用空気40の熱効率を向上させるための予熱がおこなわれて貫通孔30からCOガス燃焼装置5に送られる。そしてこのCOガス燃焼装置5におけるヘッダープレート10のヘッダー用貫通孔20から流体用流路プレート11の流路22に送られ、今度はヘッダープレート10と中間プレート12に形成された燃焼触媒23によって次工程である燃料電池などの被毒となるCOガスが下記反応で燃焼され、貫通孔28から改質ガス38として改質ガス排出口36に排出される。
COガス燃焼式:2CO+O→2CO
【0024】
以上が本発明になる改質システムの詳細であるが、以上の説明では流体用流路プレート11、13の流路22、24などを打ち抜きで形成し、ヘッダープレート10、14と中間プレート12、15によって流路22、24を構成すると説明したが、この流路22、24は打ち抜きだけでなく、例えば図2に示したように、平板200に流体流路201、203を切削加工、加圧成型、エッチングなどで形成したものを用い、これら流路に改質触媒や燃焼触媒202を塗布してもよい。この場合、上の平板200上の流路201上面にヘッダープレートをおいて流体流路201を形成するようにすると、それだけ熱効率がよいものが得られる。
【0025】
又以上の説明では、図1に示した流体用流路プレート11、13における流路22、24を3つで示し、一例として10の低温流体用ヘッダープレート、11の低温流体用流路プレート、12の中間プレート、13の高温流体用流路プレート、14の高温流体用ヘッダープレート、15の中間プレートを複数積層して形成した積層流路プレートを1つだけの場合を示したが、流路22と24の数、及び積層流路ユニットの数は必要に応じていくつ設けても良い。
【0026】
又以上の説明では、水蒸発器1、改質反応装置2、COガスシフト反応装置3、熱回収装置4、COガス燃焼装置5を、それぞれ積層流路プレートを積層して作成すると説明したが、それぞれの装置をモジュールとして作成できるよう構成し、そのモジュールにそれぞれの装置における触媒を塗布して組み合わせて連結するようにしても良い。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
以上記載の如く請求項1に記載した本発明によれば、流体用プレートの流体用流路、及び流体用流路に流体を供給、排出するヘッダー用貫通孔、ヘッダー用貫通孔に前記燃料ガスと原料ガスを供給又は排出する貫通孔をプレス加工による打ち抜きで作成することにより、短時間で大量生産が可能となると共に製造コストが安くできる、また、ヘッダー用貫通孔を燃料ガスと原料ガスの供給又は排出用でそれぞれ別形状とすると共にこれらヘッダー用貫通孔に燃料ガスと原料ガスを供給又は排出する貫通孔も夫々別とし、かつ、水蒸発器、改質反応装置、COガスシフト反応装置、熱回収装置、COガス燃焼装置の各装置における原料ガスと燃料ガスの排出用貫通孔を他の装置の供給用貫通孔に接続したから、原料ガスと燃料ガスはそれぞれの装置を直列的に通過し、高い熱交換効率の改質器システムを提供することができる。
【0028】
そして請求項2に記載した本発明によれば、流体用流路プレートを溝を設けた平板で構成すると共に、中間プレートを用いずにヘッダープレートのみと組み合わせて前記積層流路ユニットを構成することにより、中間プレートを用いずに済むからそれだけ熱交換効率の良い改質器システムを提供することができる。
【0029】
さらに請求項3に記載した本発明によれば、改質反応装置、COガスシフト反応装置、COガス燃焼装置の流体流路に、請求項3に記載したように触媒を塗布することにより、燃料ガスは効率的に燃焼でき、従って原料ガスを効率的に改質できる改質器システムを提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明になる改質器システムの一実施例の形態を示した概略構成図(A)と、その内部における流体の流れを示した図(B)である。
【図2】本発明になる改質器システムにおける流体流路の他の作成方法例を示した図である。
【図3】従来の改質器システムを説明するための図である。
【符号の説明】
1 水蒸発器
2 改質反応装置
3 COガスシフト反応装置
4 熱回収装置
5 COガス燃焼装置
10 低温流体用ヘッダープレート
11 低温流体用流路プレート
12 中間プレート
13 高温流体用流路プレート
14 高温流体用ヘッダープレート
15 中間プレート
20 ヘッダー用貫通孔
21 改質触媒
22 流路
23 燃焼触媒
24 流路
26 ヘッダー用貫通孔
27、28、29、30 貫通孔
31 原料ガス供給口
32 排ガス排出口
33 原料ガス
34 排ガス
35 燃料ガス供給口、
36 改質ガス排出口
37 燃料ガス
38 改質ガス
39 空気供給口
40 空気
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a reformer system applied to a PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) for a distributed power source or the like, and more particularly to a reformer system configured as a small-sized and inexpensive integrated lamination type.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As shown in FIG. 3, a conventional reformer used for a distributed power source includes a water evaporator 305 for evaporating water 301 as a raw material, a reforming catalyst 310, and a burner 309. A mixed gas of steam generated in the above and a raw material gas such as a city gas 302 containing a hydrocarbon gas such as methane (CH 4 ) is heated by an exhaust gas of about 900 ° C. burned by a burner 309 to form a reforming catalyst 310. A reforming reactor 306 reforming with the reforming reactor 306 converts hydrogen and CO 2 gas by steam from a reformed gas containing hydrogen (H 2 ) and CO gas of about 650 ° C. reformed and generated by the reforming reactor 306. The generated CO gas shift reaction device 307, the heat recovery device 311 for exchanging heat contained in these gases with the combustion air 303 of the burner 309, and the C for burning residual CO gas in the heat exchanged gas Is constituted by a gas combustion device 308, the reformed gas 304 produced had become to be sent such as the fuel cell of the next step.
[0003]
However, in the conventional reforming system shown in FIG. 3, each device must be manufactured individually, which is costly. Further, a piping line for connecting each device is required. There has been a problem in that heat loss occurs, and the entire device becomes large, making it difficult to incorporate it into other devices.
[0004]
For this reason, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-3202 discloses that a combustion section is reformed by laminating a thin plate provided with a combustion catalyst on one surface and a reforming catalyst on the other surface and a spacer provided with a gas flow path. And a compact methanol reforming apparatus in which a vaporizing section and a preheating section are integrally provided.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the methanol reformer disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-3202, the flow path formed by the spacer has a substantially U-shaped folded shape, and the amount of heat exchanged per unit volume increases, but the flow rate of the fluid increases. Since the pressure loss increases, the flow path cannot be lengthened, and structurally, fluid supply to the flow path such as the combustion section, reforming section, vaporization section, As a result, a fluid that does not pass through the fluid flow path is generated, resulting in poor heat exchange efficiency.
[0006]
Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to increase the heat exchange efficiency without increasing the pressure loss of the fluid, to have a simple and compact shape that eliminates the need for piping, etc. The challenge is to provide a simple reformer system.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention described in claim 1 for solving the above-mentioned problem is as follows.
A reformer that consists of a water evaporator, a reforming reactor, a CO gas shift reactor, a heat recovery device, and a CO gas combustion device, and reforms a raw material gas into a reformed gas containing hydrogen with the heat generated by the fuel gas In the vessel system,
A fluid flow path plate formed by punching a plurality of fluid flow paths, each of the water evaporator, the reforming reaction apparatus, the CO gas shift reaction apparatus, the heat recovery apparatus, and the CO gas combustion apparatus; Corresponding to both ends of the plurality of fluid flow paths in the plate, a header through-hole for supplying or discharging the raw material gas and a header through-hole for supplying or discharging the fuel gas are formed by punching in different shapes. Header plate and an intermediate plate for forming a fluid passage in the fluid passage plate, and separately supplying or discharging the raw material gas and the fuel gas to the header through hole having the different shape. Laminated flow path units formed by providing through holes in each plate are prepared and laminated for the source gas and the fuel gas. The output through hole, characterized by being configured integrally by connecting to the supply through-hole of the other devices.
[0008]
As described above, the fluid flow path of the fluid plate, the header through-hole for supplying and discharging the fluid to the fluid flow path, and the through-hole for supplying or discharging the fuel gas and the raw material gas to the header through-hole are pressed. In this case, mass production can be performed in a short time and manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, the header through-holes have different shapes for the supply or discharge of the fuel gas and the raw material gas, and the through-holes for supplying or discharging the fuel gas and the raw material gas to the header through-holes are separately provided, and Since the raw gas and fuel gas discharge through holes in each of the water evaporator, reforming reaction device, CO gas shift reaction device, heat recovery device, and CO gas combustion device were connected to the supply through holes of other devices, The raw material gas and the fuel gas pass through the respective devices in series, thereby providing a reformer system with high heat exchange efficiency.
[0009]
And the invention described in claim 2 is:
The flow path plate for a fluid is constituted by a flat plate provided with a groove, and the laminated flow path unit is constituted by combining only a header plate without using an intermediate plate.
[0010]
By configuring the fluid flow path plate in this way, it is not necessary to use an intermediate plate, so that a reformer system with high heat exchange efficiency can be provided.
[0011]
By applying a catalyst to the fluid passages of the reforming reaction device, the CO gas shift reaction device, and the CO gas combustion device as described in claim 3, the fuel gas can be burned efficiently, and thus the raw material gas can be efficiently used. It is possible to provide a reformer system that can be reformed effectively.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be illustratively described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to them unless otherwise specified, and are merely mere descriptions. This is just an example.
[0013]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram (A) showing an embodiment of a reformer system according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 (B) shows a flow of a fluid in the reformer system, and FIG. 2 is the present invention. It is a figure showing other ways of making a fluid channel in a reformer system.
[0014]
In the figure, 1 is a water evaporator, 2 is a reforming reactor, 3 is a CO gas shift reactor, 4 is a heat recovery device, and 5 is a CO gas combustion device. As shown, a plurality of 10 low-temperature fluid header plates, 11 low-temperature fluid channel plates, 12 intermediate plates, 13 high-temperature fluid channel plates, 14 high-temperature fluid header plates, and 15 intermediate plates are provided. The laminated channel unit is formed by lamination, and the laminated channel unit is further laminated. A header through hole 20 is formed in the low-temperature fluid header plate 10 by punching, and a reforming catalyst 21 is applied to a position corresponding to the channel 22 formed by punching in the low-temperature fluid channel plate 11. I have. In the intermediate plate 12, a reforming catalyst 21 is formed by punching the high-temperature fluid flow path plate 13 on the upper surface in a position corresponding to the flow path 22 of the low-temperature fluid flow path plate 11 on the lower surface in the figure. The combustion catalyst 23 is applied to a position corresponding to the flow path 24. A header through-hole 26 is formed in the header plate 14 by punching. On the rear surface in the figure, the combustion catalyst 23 is formed at a position corresponding to the flow path 24 formed in the high-temperature fluid flow path plate 13 similarly to the intermediate plate 12. Is applied. The low-temperature fluid header plate 10, the low-temperature fluid channel plate 11, the intermediate plate 12, the high-temperature fluid channel plate 13, the high-temperature fluid header plate 14, and the intermediate plate 15 include, for example, fuel gas as a high-temperature fluid. Through holes 27, 28, 29, and 30 for supplying and discharging the reformed gas, which is a low-temperature fluid, to the flow path through the header through hole are formed by punching.
[0015]
In addition, the water evaporator 1 has a supply port 31 for supplying a raw material gas 33 such as city gas including water and a hydrocarbon gas such as methane (CH 4 ), and an exhaust port 32 for discharging an exhaust gas 34 after burning the fuel gas. The CO gas combustion device 5 is supplied with a supply port 35 for a fuel gas 37, an outlet 36 for discharging a reformed gas 38 obtained by reforming the source gas 33, and air 40 for burning the CO gas. Supply port 39 is provided. The water evaporator 1, the CO gas shift reaction device 3, the heat recovery device 4, and the CO gas combustion device 5 are each composed of a low-temperature fluid header plate 10, a low-temperature fluid flow path plate 11, an intermediate plate, as in the reforming reaction device 2. 12, a high-temperature fluid flow path plate 13, a high-temperature fluid header plate 14, and an intermediate plate 15 are laminated, but the water evaporator 1 and the heat recovery device 4 use the reforming catalyst 21 and the combustion catalyst 23. Instead, the heat of the combustion exhaust gas 34 evaporates water and preheats the fuel gas 37 and the combustion air 40, and the CO gas shift reactor 3 uses the reforming catalyst 21 and the combustion catalyst 23 to convert hydrogen (H) from CO gas and water vapor. 2 ) is performed, and the CO gas combustion device 5 burns the CO gas using the combustion catalyst.
[0016]
The water evaporator 1, the reforming reaction device 2, the CO gas shift reaction device 3, the heat recovery device 4, the raw material gas 33 and the fuel gas 37 of the CO gas combustion device flow from the header through holes 20 and 26 respectively. The through holes 27, 28, 29, 30 for supplying to the 22, 22 connect the discharge through holes of one device to the supply through holes of another device. That is, in FIG. 1B, arrows indicate the flow direction of the fluid in each device, and ● in the through holes 27, 28, 29, 30 indicates that the space between the upper and lower devices is closed in the figure. ○ indicates that the upper and lower devices are connected in the same figure. In addition, header through holes 20 and 26 provided in header plates 10 and 14, fluid flow path plates 11 and 13, intermediate plates 12 and 15, fluid flow paths 22 and 24, and through holes 27, 28 and 29, As described above, when formed by stamping by press working as described above, there are many plates having the same shape, mass production is easy, and there is an advantage that the manufacturing cost is low. Further, if the width of the fluid flow paths 22 and 24 is increased to 100 μm to 500 μm and the number thereof is increased to about 100, the heat exchange density (heat transfer area / heat exchange volume) becomes extremely large. It can be made very compact.
[0017]
Hereinafter, the flow of the fluid in the reformer system of the present invention will be described first with reference to FIG. In the following description, the header plates 10 and 14, the fluid flow plates 11 and 13, and the intermediate plates 12 and 15 which are similar to the inside of the reforming reaction device 2 are provided in each device as described above. However, for the sake of simplicity, the description of each device will be described as having the same number as the plate in the reforming reaction device 2.
[0018]
As described above, the water evaporator 1 has a supply port 31 for supplying water and a raw material gas 33 such as a city gas including a hydrocarbon gas such as methane (CH 4 ) or ethane (C 2 H 8 ), and a fuel gas supply port 31. An outlet 32 for discharging exhaust gas 34 after combustion is provided. The CO gas combustion device 5 has a supply port 35 for fuel gas 37, an outlet 36 for discharging reformed gas 38 obtained by reforming the raw material gas 33, CO 2 A supply port 39 for supplying air 40 for burning gas is provided. Therefore, first, the fuel gas 37 is supplied from the supply port 35 to the through hole 27 of the CO gas combustion device 5, and as described above, the fuel gas 37 is supplied from the header through hole 26 of the header plate 14 provided therein to the fluid passage plate. The fuel is supplied to the flow path 24 of the thirteen and partially burned by the combustion catalyst 23, discharged from the header through hole 26 of the header plate 14 to the through hole 29 of the intermediate plate 15, and sent to the next heat recovery device 4. Then, preheating for improving the thermal efficiency of the fuel gas 37 and the combustion air 40 is performed in a similar high-temperature fluid flow path in the heat recovery device 4, and further sent to the CO gas shift reaction device 3 from the through hole 27. Similarly, heat is supplied in the high-temperature fluid flow path and sent to the reforming reaction device 2 from the through hole 29, and heat for the reforming reaction is supplied and sent to the water evaporator 1 from the through hole 27 and penetrated. The gas is discharged from the hole 29 as an exhaust port 32 as an exhaust gas 34.
[0019]
On the other hand, the raw material gas 33 supplied from the supply port 31 is supplied from the through hole 30 in the water evaporator 1 to the header through hole 20 of the header plate 10 provided therein as described above, The fuel gas supplied to the flow path 22 of the flow path plate 11 and supplied to the flow path 24 of the fluid flow path plate 13 is evaporated by the heat of about 900 ° C. due to the combustion of the fuel gas. From 20, the gas is discharged to the through hole 28 of the fluid flow path plate 11 and sent to the next reforming reaction device 2. Then, the fuel is reformed by the heat of the fuel gas and the reforming catalyst 21 in the low-temperature fluid flow path in the reforming reaction device 2, and further sent to the CO gas shift reaction device 3 through the through-hole 30 to convert the CO gas and steam into hydrogen. The reaction for obtaining (H 2 ) is performed and sent to the heat recovery device 4 from the through hole 28. Then, preheating for improving the thermal efficiency of the fuel gas 37 and the combustion air 40 is performed, the CO gas is sent from the through hole 30 to the CO gas combustion device, and the CO gas is burned, and the reformed gas is reformed as the reformed gas from the through hole 28. The gas is discharged to the gas discharge port 36.
[0020]
The above is the flow of each gas. Hereinafter, the operation of each device will be described in more detail. As described above, the water supplied from the supply port 31 and the raw material gas 33 such as a city gas including a hydrocarbon gas such as methane (CH 4 ) or ethane (C 2 H 8 ) are provided in the water evaporator 1. For example, the fluid is supplied from the through hole 30 of the intermediate plate such as 15 to the header through hole 20 of the header plate 10, further supplied to the flow channel 22 of the fluid flow channel plate 11, and The superheated steam is generated by the heat of the fuel gas supplied to the flow channel 24, discharged from the header through hole 20 of the header plate 10 to the through hole 28 of the fluid flow channel plate 11, and Sent to In addition, the reforming catalyst 21 and the combustion catalyst 23 are not provided in the fluid flow paths 22 and 24 of the water evaporator 1 as described above.
[0021]
The raw material gas containing the superheated steam sent to the reforming reaction device 2 is sent from the through hole 28 to the flow path 22 of the fluid flow path plate 11 through the header through hole 20 in the header plate 10. On the other hand, the fuel gas 37 is sent to the flow path 24 of the fluid flow path plate 13 in the reforming reaction apparatus 2 as described above, and the fuel gas 37 is supplied by the combustion catalyst 23 applied to the header plate 14 and the intermediate plate 12. The fuel gas 37 burns to generate heat of about 900 ° C., and the reforming catalyst 21 applied to the header plate 10 and the intermediate plate 12 to promote the reforming reaction and the heat, thereby producing methane (CH 4 ) and ethane ( The raw material gas 33 composed of a hydrocarbon gas such as C 2 H 8 ) is steam-reformed by the following reaction to produce hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO).
Methane reforming reaction formula: CH 4 + H 2 O → 3H 2 + CO
Then, this gas is sent from the header through hole 20 of the header plate 10 to the next CO gas shift reactor 3 through the through hole 30.
[0022]
In the CO gas shift reaction device 3, hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) gas sent from the through holes 30 are transferred from the header through holes 20 of the header plate 10 to the flow channels 22 of the fluid flow channel plate 11. The combustion heat of the fuel gas 37 that is supplied and flows through the flow path 24 of the fluid flow path plate 13 in the same manner as described above, and the reforming catalyst 21 that promotes the reforming reaction applied to the header plate 10 and the intermediate plate 12 is used as follows. The reaction produces carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ).
CO shift reaction formula: CO + H 2 O → H 2 + CO 2
Then, this gas is sent from the header through hole 20 of the header plate 10 to the next heat recovery device 4 through the through hole 28.
[0023]
Then, the mixed gas of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) sent from the through hole 28 to the heat recovery device 4 similarly flows from the header through hole 20 of the header plate 10 to the fluid passage plate 11. The fuel gas 37 and the combustion air 40 are sent to the flow path 22 to be preheated to improve the thermal efficiency of the fuel gas 37 and the combustion air 40. Then, the gas is sent from the header through hole 20 of the header plate 10 of the CO gas combustion device 5 to the flow path 22 of the fluid flow path plate 11, and then the combustion catalyst 23 formed on the header plate 10 and the intermediate plate 12 causes the next combustion. The poisoning CO gas of the fuel cell or the like in the process is burned by the following reaction, and is discharged from the through hole 28 as the reformed gas 38 to the reformed gas outlet 36.
CO gas combustion type: 2CO + O 2 → 2CO 2
[0024]
The above is the details of the reforming system according to the present invention. In the above description, the channels 22, 24 of the fluid channel plates 11, 13 are formed by punching, and the header plates 10, 14 and the intermediate plate 12, Although the flow paths 22 and 24 have been described as being constituted by 15, the flow paths 22 and 24 are not only punched, but also, for example, as shown in FIG. A reforming catalyst or a combustion catalyst 202 may be applied to these channels using a member formed by molding, etching, or the like. In this case, if the fluid flow path 201 is formed by placing a header plate on the upper surface of the flow path 201 on the upper flat plate 200, a material having higher thermal efficiency can be obtained.
[0025]
In the above description, the flow paths 22 and 24 in the flow path plates 11 and 13 shown in FIG. 1 are shown by three, and as examples, 10 low-temperature fluid header plates, 11 low-temperature fluid flow path plates, Although only one laminated channel plate formed by laminating a plurality of 12 intermediate plates, 13 high-temperature fluid channel plates, 14 high-temperature fluid header plates, and 15 intermediate plates is shown, Any number of 22 and 24 and the number of laminated channel units may be provided as needed.
[0026]
In the above description, the water evaporator 1, the reforming reaction device 2, the CO gas shift reaction device 3, the heat recovery device 4, and the CO gas combustion device 5 are described as being formed by laminating laminated channel plates. Each device may be configured so as to be made as a module, and the catalyst of each device may be applied to the module and connected in combination.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, as described above, the fluid passage of the fluid plate, the header through-hole for supplying and discharging the fluid to the fluid passage, and the fuel gas in the header through-hole are provided. By creating a through hole for supplying or discharging the raw material gas by punching by press working, mass production can be performed in a short time and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.In addition, the through hole for the header can be formed by the fuel gas and the raw material gas. Each of the through holes for supplying or discharging the fuel gas and the raw material gas to these header through holes is also different from each other for supplying or discharging, and a water evaporator, a reforming reactor, a CO gas shift reactor, The source gas and fuel gas discharge through holes in each of the heat recovery device and CO gas combustion device were connected to the supply through holes of other devices, so that the source gas and fuel gas Passing through the location in series, it is possible to provide a reformer system of high heat exchange efficiency.
[0028]
According to the present invention described in claim 2, the fluid flow path plate is formed of a flat plate having a groove, and the stacked flow path unit is formed by combining only the header plate without using the intermediate plate. As a result, it is not necessary to use an intermediate plate, so that it is possible to provide a reformer system having high heat exchange efficiency.
[0029]
According to the present invention described in claim 3, the catalyst is applied to the fluid flow path of the reforming reaction device, the CO gas shift reaction device, and the CO gas combustion device as described in claim 3, so that the fuel gas is applied. Can provide a reformer system that can efficiently combust and therefore efficiently reform the raw material gas.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram (A) showing an embodiment of a reformer system according to the present invention, and a diagram (B) showing a flow of a fluid in the interior thereof.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another example of a method for creating a fluid flow path in the reformer system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a conventional reformer system.
[Explanation of symbols]
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 water evaporator 2 reforming reaction device 3 CO gas shift reaction device 4 heat recovery device 5 CO gas combustion device 10 low temperature fluid header plate 11 low temperature fluid passage plate 12 intermediate plate 13 high temperature fluid passage plate 14 high temperature fluid Header plate 15 Intermediate plate 20 Header through hole 21 Reforming catalyst 22 Channel 23 Combustion catalyst 24 Channel 26 Header through holes 27, 28, 29, 30 Through holes 31 Source gas supply port 32 Exhaust gas exhaust port 33 Source gas 34 Exhaust gas 35 Fuel gas supply port,
36 reformed gas outlet 37 fuel gas 38 reformed gas 39 air supply port 40 air

Claims (3)

水蒸発器、改質反応装置、COガスシフト反応装置、熱回収装置、COガス燃焼装置とからなり、原料ガスを、燃料ガスにより発生させた熱で水素を含む改質ガスに改質する改質器システムにおいて、
前記水蒸発器、改質反応装置、COガスシフト反応装置、熱回収装置、COガス燃焼装置のそれぞれを、複数の流体用流路を打ち抜いて形成した流体用流路プレートと、該流体用流路プレートにおける複数の流体用流路の両端部に対応させ、前記原料ガスの供給又は排出に供するヘッダー用貫通孔と燃料ガスの供給又は排出に供するヘッダー用貫通孔とをそれぞれ別形状で打ち抜いて形成したヘッダープレートと、前記流体用流路プレートに流体用流路を形成させる中間プレートとを積層すると共に、前記別形状としたヘッダー用貫通孔に前記原料ガスと燃料ガスを別々に供給又は排出する貫通孔を各プレートに設けて形成した積層型流路ユニットを原料ガス用と燃料ガス用に用意して積層して構成し、各装置における原料ガスと燃料ガスの排出用貫通孔を他の装置の供給用貫通孔に接続することで一体化して構成したことを特徴とする改質器システム。
A reformer that consists of a water evaporator, a reforming reactor, a CO gas shift reactor, a heat recovery device, and a CO gas combustion device, and reforms a raw material gas into a reformed gas containing hydrogen with the heat generated by the fuel gas In the vessel system,
A fluid flow path plate formed by punching a plurality of fluid flow paths, each of the water evaporator, the reforming reaction apparatus, the CO gas shift reaction apparatus, the heat recovery apparatus, and the CO gas combustion apparatus; Corresponding to both ends of the plurality of fluid flow paths in the plate, a header through-hole for supplying or discharging the raw material gas and a header through-hole for supplying or discharging the fuel gas are formed by punching in different shapes. Header plate and an intermediate plate for forming a fluid passage in the fluid passage plate, and separately supplying or discharging the raw material gas and the fuel gas to the header through hole having the different shape. Laminated flow path units formed by providing through holes in each plate are prepared and laminated for the source gas and the fuel gas. Reformer system, characterized in that the through hole is configured by integrating by connecting to the supply through-hole of the other devices out.
前記流体用流路プレートを、溝を設けた平板で構成すると共に中間プレートを用いずにヘッダープレートのみと組み合わせて前記積層流路ユニットを構成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載した改質器システム。2. The reforming device according to claim 1, wherein the fluid channel plate is formed of a flat plate having a groove, and the stacked channel unit is formed by combining only a header plate without using an intermediate plate. 3. Instrument system. 前記改質反応装置、COガスシフト反応装置、COガス燃焼装置における流体流路に触媒を塗布したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載した改質器システム。3. The reformer system according to claim 1, wherein a catalyst is applied to a fluid passage in each of the reforming reaction device, the CO gas shift reaction device, and the CO gas combustion device. 4.
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JP2004356003A (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-16 Sony Corp Reactor, its manufacturing method, reformer, and power supply system
JP2005317285A (en) * 2004-04-27 2005-11-10 Ebara Ballard Corp Fuel treatment device, fuel cell power generation system, and heat insulation structure
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JP2008529953A (en) * 2005-04-01 2008-08-07 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド Hydrogen production apparatus and hydrogen production method using the same
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US7763220B2 (en) 2004-06-29 2010-07-27 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Reformer, fuel cell system having the same, and method of manufacturing the same
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JP2004356003A (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-16 Sony Corp Reactor, its manufacturing method, reformer, and power supply system
JP4587016B2 (en) * 2003-05-30 2010-11-24 ソニー株式会社 Reactor and manufacturing method thereof, reformer, power supply system
JP2005317285A (en) * 2004-04-27 2005-11-10 Ebara Ballard Corp Fuel treatment device, fuel cell power generation system, and heat insulation structure
JP4624712B2 (en) * 2004-04-27 2011-02-02 株式会社荏原製作所 Fuel processing apparatus and fuel cell power generation system
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US7763220B2 (en) 2004-06-29 2010-07-27 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Reformer, fuel cell system having the same, and method of manufacturing the same
JP2008529953A (en) * 2005-04-01 2008-08-07 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド Hydrogen production apparatus and hydrogen production method using the same
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JP2014517804A (en) * 2011-05-09 2014-07-24 コリア インスティテュート オブ エナジー リサーチ Laminated hydrocarbon reformer using microchannel heater
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