JP2004002103A - Method for manufacturing carbon nano wire - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing carbon nano wire Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004002103A
JP2004002103A JP2002159342A JP2002159342A JP2004002103A JP 2004002103 A JP2004002103 A JP 2004002103A JP 2002159342 A JP2002159342 A JP 2002159342A JP 2002159342 A JP2002159342 A JP 2002159342A JP 2004002103 A JP2004002103 A JP 2004002103A
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carbon
carbon atom
cathode
anode
vacuum chamber
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JP3657574B2 (en
Inventor
Yoshinori Ando
安藤 義則
Shinraku Cho
趙 新洛
Sakae Inoue
井上 栄
Tomoko Suzuki
鈴木 智子
Makoto Jinno
神野 誠
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Japan Science and Technology Agency
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Japan Science and Technology Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain carbon nano wires W excellent in mechanical, electrical and chemical properties and used as a functional material in a wide field including a machine structural material, electronic parts and a photosemiconductor. <P>SOLUTION: The carbon nano wires W have an atomic arrangement structure in which a series of carbon atom chains C are arranged on the central line and multiwalled carbon nanotubes M having ≤1 nm diameter of the innermost shell surround the carbon atom chains C. The carbon nano wires are manufactured by evacuating a vacuum chamber 11, introducing gaseous hydrogen into the chamber 11 and causing an arc discharge between an anode 13 and a cathode 14 in an atmosphere under ≤8 kPa pressure to coat a series of carbon atom chains C with multiwalled carbon nanotubes M. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、電子材料,高強度材料,光機能材料としての展開が期待されているカーボンナノワイヤ及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
カーボンナノチューブは、六角網目の各頂点に炭素原子が配列した二次元のグラッフェンシートがナノメータオーダの極めて細い筒状に巻いている構造単位をもつ。グラッフェンシートが巻かれる軸の方向に応じて螺旋軸を含む対称性が現れ、対称性によってカーボンナノチューブの電気抵抗が金属的又は半導体的に変化する。
カーボンナノチューブは、一枚のグラッフェンシートが巻かれた単層カーボンナノチューブ,複数枚のグラッフェンシートが巻かれた多層カーボンナノチューブに分類される。多層カーボンナノチューブは、直流アーク放電により黒鉛電極を蒸発させたときの副産物である陰極堆積物から得られる。直流アーク放電の他に化学気相成長法,レーザ蒸発法,炭化ケイ素表面分解法等も採用されているが、結晶性が高い多層カーボンナノチューブの作製には直流アーク放電が優れている(日本結晶学会誌第43号(2001)第353〜359頁)。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
アーク放電雰囲気に水素原子を含むCH等のガスを用いるほど多層カーボンナノチューブの結晶性が高くなり(安藤他,Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32(1993), L107,35(1996), 4451及びFullerene Sci. Tech. 4(1996), 1027)、純粋な水素ガス雰囲気中で直流アーク放電により最も良質の多層カーボンナノチューブが作製される(安藤他,Carbon 35(1997), 775)。作製された多層カーボンナノチューブは、赤外線照射で容易に精製される(安藤他,Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37(1998), L61及び37(1998), 4846)。
本発明者等は、得られた多層カーボンナノチューブの物性を種々調査・検討した。調査・検討の結果、従来から知られているラマンピークでは説明できないピークがラマン測定で1850/cm付近に現れ、水素ガスの分圧を下げるほどピーク強度が強くなることを見出した。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、ラマン測定で観察される1850/cm付近のピークの原因を解明する過程で完成されたものであり、高純度水素ガスの圧力を低下した雰囲気中で直流アーク放電することにより、炭素原子が一連になった炭素原子チェーンがカーボンナノチューブの中心に配列され、機能性が格段に高められたカーボンナノワイヤを提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
本発明のカーボンナノワイヤは、その目的を達成するため、炭素原子が一連になった炭素原子チェーンが中心線上に配列され、最内殻直径1nm以下の多層カーボンナノチューブが炭素原子チェーンの周囲にある原子の配列構造をもつことを特徴とする。
真空チャンバを真空排気した後、水素ガスを真空チャンバに導入し、圧力8kPa以下の雰囲気中で黒鉛製の陰極/陽極間に直流アーク放電させると、炭素原子が一連になった炭素原子チェーンが多層カーボンナノチューブの中心線上に配列した構造が形成される。
【0006】
【作用及び実施の形態】
本発明に従ったカーボンナノワイヤWは、たとえば図1のモデルで示すように、最内殻直径が1nm以下の細い多層カーボンナノチューブMをもち、炭素原子からなる一連のチェーンCが多層カーボンナノチューブMの中心線上に配列されている。中心線上に炭素原子チェーンCが配列されていることから、従来の多層カーボンナノチューブに比較して機械的強度に優れ、炭素原子チェーンC自体の高い電気伝導度を活用し、従来にない機能をもつ電子機器デバイス,光学素子への応用も期待できる。
【0007】
炭素原子チェーンCを中心にもつカーボンナノワイヤWは、直流アーク放電で多層カーボンナノチューブを作製する際に水素ガス雰囲気の圧力を下げることにより製造される。
直流アーク放電法では、設備構成を図2に示すアーク蒸発装置10が使用される。アーク蒸発装置10は、真空チャンバ11に配置した載置台12に陽極13を搭載している。陰極14は、陽極13に対向して電極ホルダ15で保持されている。陽極13,陰極14には高純度の黒鉛電極が使用され、陽極13がカーボンナノワイヤWのソースになる。
【0008】
駆動機構20のモータ21R,21Lはスラスタ22R,22Lに直結して真空チャンバ11に対して昇降可能に配置され、スラスタ22R,22Lの昇降軸23R,23Lが真空チャンバ11内に突出している。昇降軸23R,23Lは、固定ネジ24R,24Lを介して電極ホルダ15に固定されている。固定フランジ25R,25Lに挿通されている昇降軸23R,23Lがスラスタ22R,22Lで上下方向に送られ、電極ホルダ15に固定されている陰極14が陽極13に対し所定間隙に設定される。
真空チャンバ11は、油拡散ポンプ等の真空ポンプ31で真空吸引され、雰囲気圧が1.3×10−3Pa程度の高真空になった段階で給気管32から高純度の水素ガスGが送り込まれる。
【0009】
陽極13,陰極14には、アーク放電の発生に必要な電圧が直流電源41から印加される。直流電源41の陽極側及び陰極側は、制御機構42からの制御指令が入力される入出力回路43に結線されている。陽極13,陰極14間に印加されている電圧からアーク放電状態を制御機構42で演算し、アーク放電で発生した陰極堆積物Dの成長に応じて陰極14の昇降,回転を調整する制御信号sを入出力回路43からモータ21R,21Lに出力すると、安定条件下でのアーク放電が可能となり品質が揃った陰極堆積物Dが得られる。
【0010】
真空チャンバ11をたとえば1.3×10−3Paの高真空に減圧した後、水素ガスGを真空チャンバ11に送り込み、陽極13/陰極14間で直流アーク放電させると陽極13が蒸発する。陽極13の蒸発によって煤Sの一部は、陰極堆積物Dとして直上の陰極14に堆積する。陽極13,陰極14の竪型配置(図示)に代え、水平対向,横置き配置でも同様に陰極堆積物Dが陰極14の先端に堆積する。
陰極堆積物Dは、多層カーボンナノチューブを含む物質であるが、水素ガス圧力が低い放電雰囲気中で直流アーク放電すると多層カーボンナノチューブの中心線上に炭素原子チェーンCが配列された構造が形成される。
【0011】
水素ガス雰囲気中でグラファイト電極をアーク蒸発させると、炭素原子が集合した炭素クラスタが生じ、炭素クラスタが相互に積み重なることによりカーボンナノチューブに成長する。炭素クラスタの終端が全て水素原子で終わっているため、内方,外方の双方に向かってカーボンナノチューブの成長が進み、結果として多層カーボンナノチューブMが形成される。
雰囲気の水素ガス圧力低下に応じて炭素の蒸発量が減少し、アーク温度が上昇する。アーク温度の上昇は、作製される多層カーボンナノチューブMの結晶性を向上させ、炭素原子が連なった炭素原子チェーンCが形成される確率も大きくする。その結果、多層カーボンナノチューブMの内側にも盛んに細かいチューブが形成され、最終的に細かくなる閾値を超えたところで一連の炭素原子チェーンCが生成する。水素ガスの圧力低下に従って炭素原子チェーンCの生成が促進されるが、炭素原子チェーンCの生成に及ぼす水素ガスの圧力低下にも限界がある。
【0012】
作製されたカーボンナノワイヤWは、多層カーボンナノチューブM及び炭素原子チェーンCが複合された構造をもち、異なる2種の電子結合sp,spを同時に含む新規の炭素同素体である。
カーボンナノワイヤWを高分解能の透過型電子顕微鏡(HRTEM)で観察すると、チューブの軸に平行な等間隔の縞模様が軸対称に観察され、チューブの中心線上に縞模様と類似の線状コントラストが観察される。線状コントラストは、多層カーボンナノチューブMの一番内側のチューブの中に炭素原子チェーンCが含まれていることを示す。ラマン測定の結果では、炭素原子チェーンC特有のピークが1850/cm近傍に複数検出される。ピーク強度は、水素ガスの圧力が低くなるほど強くなり、より多くのカーボンナノワイヤWが生成していることが窺われる。
【0013】
多層カーボンナノチューブMは、電子状態がspで、カイラリティに応じて電気伝導度が金属的又は半導体的に変わる。他方、炭素原子チェーンCは、電子状態がspであり、電気伝導度が高く金属的な特性を示す。したがって、多層カーボンナノチューブMの中心に金属的な性質を備えた炭素原子チェーンCを入れたカーボンナノワイヤWは、炭素原子チェーンCの挿入が部分的である場合、作製のままで金属/半導体の接合もできていることになり、新しいタイプの電子素子としての応用が期待される。
【0014】
機械的特性に関しても、中心に炭素原子チェーンCが挿入されている構造から従来の多層カーボンナノチューブよりも高い強度を呈する。炭素自体が高耐熱性の材料であるため、高強度炭素複合材料としてスペースシャトル,原子炉用隔壁等への応用が期待される。
カーボンナノワイヤWの先端にあるキャップを外すと、曲率が最も大きな炭素原子チェーンCが表面に露出する。先端キャップが外されたカーボンナノワイヤWは、フィールドエミッションのチップとして有望である。
カーボンナノワイヤWの先端にあるキャップは、たとえば空気中で500℃に数分加熱することにより容易に取り外せる。中心にある炭素原子チェーンCは、キャップを外した状態で最表面に出ており、理想的に最大の曲率をもつワイヤであり、金属的な電気伝導性を持っている。したがって、フィールドエミッションのチップに使用すると、チップ先端の曲率に比例して高い電場がかけられ、より低い実効電圧での電子の取出しが可能になる。
【0015】
カーボンナノワイヤWは、曲率の最も大きな炭素原子チェーンCが高強度の多層カーボンナノチューブMで保護された形態になっている。したがって、走査型トンネル顕微鏡のプローブにカーボンナノワイヤWを使用すると、最高の機械的強度をもつ高分解能のプローブが得られる。
カーボンナノワイヤW自体の電気伝導度が高く、従来の多層カーボンナノチューブとの接合も可能なため、ナノメータオーダの電子材料、電子チップとしての応用も期待される。更に、中心の炭素原子チェーンCをハンドリングできると、ナノベアリングとしての展開も可能となる。
【0016】
【実施例】
純粋なグラファイトから作製された直径10mmの陰極14(上部電極)及び直径6mmの陽極13(下部電極)を真空チャンバ11に入れ、陰極14,陽極13を上下に2mm離して対向配置した。真空ポンプ31で真空チャンバ11を真空排気し、真空度1.3×10−3Paに達した時点で真空チャンバ11を真空封止し、雰囲気圧が6kPaになるまで給気管32から純粋な水素ガスを真空チャンバ11に送り込んだ。
水素ガス雰囲気中で直流電源41から25Vの直流電圧を陰極14,陽極13に印加し、アーク放電を1分間継続させた。アーク放電によって陽極13が蒸発し、煤Sが発生した。煤Sの一部は、炭素原子チェーンCの中心に多層カーボンナノチューブMが存在するカーボンナノワイヤWを含む物質であり、陰極堆積物Dとして陰極14の表面に堆積した。1分間のアーク放電で、厚み1mm程度の陰極堆積物Dが得られた。
【0017】
陰極堆積物Dを陰極14から石英台に移し、試料位置の温度が500℃になるように赤外線照射し、500℃に30分加熱保持することにより陰極堆積物Dを精製した。加熱処理された陰極堆積物Dを観察すると、炭素原子チェーンC及びカーボンナノワイヤWの混合物がマット状になっていた。マット状混合物をミクロラマン測定したところ、1850/cm近傍にカーボンナノワイヤW特有のピークが検出された。カーボンナノワイヤWの生成効率が高いほど、大きなピーク強度であった。
【0018】
多層カーボンナノチューブM,カーボンナノワイヤWの何れであるかは、マット状混合物から取り出した個々のファイバを銀膜上に分散させ,表面増強ラマン測定で1850/cm近傍のピークを検出することにより判定できる。また、ナノロボットを用いたナノマニピュレータの技術が確立されると、マット状混合物から分離された個々のファイバの電気伝導度や機械的強度を測定し、理論的な予想値との一致性如何によって多層カーボンナノチューブM又はカーボンナノワイヤWの判定が可能となる。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように、本発明のカーボンナノワイヤは、多層カーボンナノチューブの中心線上に一連の炭素原子チェーンが配列されているので、従来の多層カーボンナノチューブに比較して機械的強度に優れている。また、異なる二つの電子結合sp,spをもち、多層カーボンナノチューブより更に高い電気伝導度を示す。カーボンナノワイヤの特異な構造を活用し、走査型トンネル電子顕微鏡の高強度プローブ,高機能の電子デバイス用素子,光学素子等として用途展開される。しかも、キャップを外して中心の炭素原子チェーンが飛び出した状態にすると、曲率が理想的に極大で金属的な電気伝導度を示すナノファイバが得られ、フィールドエミッションチップを始めとして高性能の電子素子材料として使用される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に従ったカーボンナノワイヤのモデル図
【図2】カーボンナノワイヤの作製に使用されるアーク蒸発装置の説明図
【符号の説明】
W:カーボンナノワイヤ  M:多層カーボンナノチューブ  C:炭素原子チェーン D:陰極堆積物  S:煤  G:水素ガス
10:アーク蒸発装置  11:真空チャンバ  13:陽極  14:陰極
31:真空ポンプ  32:給気管
41:直流電源  42:制御機構
[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a carbon nanowire expected to be developed as an electronic material, a high-strength material, and an optical functional material, and a method for manufacturing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A carbon nanotube has a structural unit in which a two-dimensional graphene sheet in which carbon atoms are arranged at each apex of a hexagonal network is wound in a very thin cylindrical shape on the order of nanometers. Symmetry including a helical axis appears according to the direction of the axis around which the graphene sheet is wound, and the electrical resistance of the carbon nanotube changes metallically or semiconductorly due to the symmetry.
Carbon nanotubes are classified into single-walled carbon nanotubes on which one graphene sheet is wound and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on which a plurality of graphene sheets are wound. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are obtained from cathode deposits that are by-products of evaporating graphite electrodes by DC arc discharge. In addition to DC arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition, laser evaporation, silicon carbide surface decomposition, etc. have been adopted, but DC arc discharge is excellent for producing multicrystalline carbon nanotubes with high crystallinity (Nippon Crystal Journal of the Society of Japan No. 43 (2001) pp. 353-359).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The crystallinity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes increases with the use of a gas such as CH 4 containing hydrogen atoms in an arc discharge atmosphere (Ando et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 (1993), L107, 35 (1996), 4451). And Fullerene Sci. Tech. 4 (1996), 1027), and the highest quality multi-walled carbon nanotubes are produced by DC arc discharge in a pure hydrogen gas atmosphere (Ando et al., Carbon 35 (1997), 775). The produced multi-walled carbon nanotube is easily purified by infrared irradiation (Ando et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37 (1998), L61 and 37 (1998), 4846).
The present inventors have investigated and examined various properties of the obtained multi-walled carbon nanotube. As a result of investigation and examination, it was found that a peak that cannot be explained by the conventionally known Raman peak appears at around 1850 / cm by Raman measurement, and that the peak intensity increases as the partial pressure of hydrogen gas decreases.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been completed in the process of elucidating the cause of the peak around 1850 / cm observed in Raman measurement. It is an object of the present invention to provide a carbon nanowire in which a chain of atoms is arranged at the center of a carbon nanotube and whose functionality is significantly improved.
[0005]
In order to achieve the object, the carbon nanowire of the present invention has a carbon atom chain in which a series of carbon atoms are arranged on a center line, and a multi-walled carbon nanotube having an innermost shell diameter of 1 nm or less has an atomic structure around the carbon atom chain. It is characterized by having an array structure of
After evacuating the vacuum chamber, a hydrogen gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and a direct current arc discharge is caused between a graphite cathode and an anode in an atmosphere of a pressure of 8 kPa or less. A structure arranged on the center line of the carbon nanotube is formed.
[0006]
[Action and Embodiment]
The carbon nanowire W according to the present invention has a thin multi-walled carbon nanotube M having an innermost shell diameter of 1 nm or less, for example, as shown in the model of FIG. They are arranged on the center line. Since the carbon atom chains C are arranged on the center line, they have excellent mechanical strength compared to conventional multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and utilize the high electrical conductivity of the carbon atom chains C themselves and have functions that have not existed before. It can also be expected to be applied to electronic equipment devices and optical elements.
[0007]
The carbon nanowire W having the carbon atom chain C at the center is manufactured by lowering the pressure of a hydrogen gas atmosphere when producing a multi-walled carbon nanotube by DC arc discharge.
In the DC arc discharge method, an arc evaporator 10 whose equipment configuration is shown in FIG. 2 is used. The arc evaporator 10 has an anode 13 mounted on a mounting table 12 arranged in a vacuum chamber 11. The cathode 14 is held by the electrode holder 15 so as to face the anode 13. High-purity graphite electrodes are used for the anode 13 and the cathode 14, and the anode 13 serves as a source of the carbon nanowires W.
[0008]
The motors 21R, 21L of the drive mechanism 20 are directly connected to the thrusters 22R, 22L and arranged so as to be able to move up and down with respect to the vacuum chamber 11, and the elevating shafts 23R, 23L of the thrusters 22R, 22L project into the vacuum chamber 11. The elevating shafts 23R, 23L are fixed to the electrode holder 15 via fixing screws 24R, 24L. The elevating shafts 23R, 23L inserted through the fixed flanges 25R, 25L are sent vertically by the thrusters 22R, 22L, and the cathode 14 fixed to the electrode holder 15 is set at a predetermined gap with respect to the anode 13.
The vacuum chamber 11 is evacuated by a vacuum pump 31 such as an oil diffusion pump, and high-purity hydrogen gas G is fed from an air supply pipe 32 when the atmospheric pressure becomes a high vacuum of about 1.3 × 10 −3 Pa. It is.
[0009]
A voltage required for generating arc discharge is applied to the anode 13 and the cathode 14 from a DC power supply 41. The anode side and the cathode side of the DC power supply 41 are connected to an input / output circuit 43 to which a control command from a control mechanism 42 is input. The control mechanism 42 calculates an arc discharge state from a voltage applied between the anode 13 and the cathode 14 and adjusts the elevation and rotation of the cathode 14 according to the growth of the cathode deposit D generated by the arc discharge. Is output from the input / output circuit 43 to the motors 21R and 21L, arc discharge can be performed under stable conditions, and a cathode deposit D of uniform quality can be obtained.
[0010]
After reducing the pressure in the vacuum chamber 11 to a high vacuum of, for example, 1.3 × 10 −3 Pa, the hydrogen gas G is fed into the vacuum chamber 11 and a direct current arc discharge is caused between the anode 13 and the cathode 14, whereby the anode 13 evaporates. A part of the soot S is deposited on the cathode 14 immediately above as a cathode deposit D by the evaporation of the anode 13. Similarly to the vertical arrangement (illustration) of the anode 13 and the cathode 14, the cathode deposit D is similarly deposited on the tip of the cathode 14 in a horizontally opposed, horizontal arrangement.
The cathode deposit D is a substance containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes. However, when DC arc discharge is performed in a discharge atmosphere having a low hydrogen gas pressure, a structure in which carbon atom chains C are arranged on the center line of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is formed.
[0011]
When a graphite electrode is arc-evaporated in a hydrogen gas atmosphere, carbon clusters in which carbon atoms are aggregated are generated, and the carbon clusters are stacked on each other to grow into carbon nanotubes. Since the terminal ends of the carbon clusters are all terminated by hydrogen atoms, the growth of the carbon nanotubes proceeds inward and outward, and as a result, the multi-walled carbon nanotube M is formed.
As the hydrogen gas pressure in the atmosphere decreases, the amount of carbon evaporation decreases, and the arc temperature increases. The increase in the arc temperature improves the crystallinity of the produced multi-walled carbon nanotube M, and increases the probability that a carbon atom chain C in which carbon atoms are connected is formed. As a result, a fine tube is actively formed inside the multi-walled carbon nanotube M, and a series of carbon atom chains C is generated at a point where the threshold value is finally exceeded. Although the generation of the carbon atom chain C is promoted as the pressure of the hydrogen gas decreases, the reduction in the pressure of the hydrogen gas on the generation of the carbon atom chain C is also limited.
[0012]
The manufactured carbon nanowire W has a structure in which the multi-walled carbon nanotube M and the carbon atom chain C are combined, and is a novel carbon allotrope containing two different types of electron bonds sp 2 and sp at the same time.
When the carbon nanowires W are observed with a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), equidistant stripes parallel to the axis of the tube are observed axisymmetrically, and a linear contrast similar to the stripe on the center line of the tube is observed. To be observed. The linear contrast indicates that the carbon atom chain C is included in the innermost tube of the multi-walled carbon nanotube M. As a result of the Raman measurement, a plurality of peaks specific to the carbon atom chain C are detected near 1850 / cm. The peak intensity increases as the pressure of the hydrogen gas decreases, indicating that more carbon nanowires W have been generated.
[0013]
The multi-walled carbon nanotube M has an electronic state of sp 2 , and its electrical conductivity changes metallically or semi-conductively according to chirality. On the other hand, the carbon atom chain C has an electronic state of sp, has high electric conductivity, and exhibits metallic characteristics. Accordingly, when the carbon atom chain C having a metallic property is inserted at the center of the multi-walled carbon nanotube M, the carbon / metal semiconductor W Therefore, application as a new type of electronic device is expected.
[0014]
With respect to the mechanical properties, it has a higher strength than the conventional multi-walled carbon nanotube due to the structure in which the carbon atom chain C is inserted at the center. Since carbon itself is a material having high heat resistance, its application as a high-strength carbon composite material to space shuttles, reactor partition walls, and the like is expected.
When the cap at the tip of the carbon nanowire W is removed, the carbon atom chain C having the largest curvature is exposed on the surface. The carbon nanowire W with the tip cap removed is promising as a field emission chip.
The cap at the tip of the carbon nanowire W can be easily removed, for example, by heating at 500 ° C. for several minutes in air. The carbon atom chain C at the center is exposed to the outermost surface with the cap removed, is a wire having an ideally maximum curvature, and has metallic electrical conductivity. Therefore, when used for a chip of field emission, a high electric field is applied in proportion to the curvature of the tip of the chip, and extraction of electrons at a lower effective voltage becomes possible.
[0015]
The carbon nanowire W has a form in which a carbon atom chain C having the largest curvature is protected by a high-strength multi-walled carbon nanotube M. Therefore, when the carbon nanowire W is used as the probe of the scanning tunneling microscope, a high-resolution probe having the highest mechanical strength can be obtained.
Since the electrical conductivity of the carbon nanowires W itself is high and can be bonded to conventional multi-walled carbon nanotubes, application as a nanometer-order electronic material or electronic chip is also expected. Further, if the central carbon atom chain C can be handled, it can be developed as a nanobearing.
[0016]
【Example】
A cathode 14 (upper electrode) having a diameter of 10 mm and an anode 13 (lower electrode) having a diameter of 6 mm made of pure graphite were placed in a vacuum chamber 11, and the cathode 14 and the anode 13 were opposed to each other with a distance of 2 mm vertically. The vacuum chamber 11 is evacuated by the vacuum pump 31, and when the degree of vacuum reaches 1.3 × 10 −3 Pa, the vacuum chamber 11 is vacuum-sealed, and pure hydrogen is supplied from the air supply pipe 32 until the atmospheric pressure becomes 6 kPa. The gas was sent into the vacuum chamber 11.
In a hydrogen gas atmosphere, a DC voltage of 25 V was applied to the cathode 14 and the anode 13 from the DC power supply 41, and the arc discharge was continued for 1 minute. The anode 13 was evaporated by the arc discharge, and soot S was generated. Part of the soot S is a substance including the carbon nanowires W in which the multi-walled carbon nanotubes M exist at the center of the carbon atom chain C, and was deposited on the surface of the cathode 14 as the cathode deposit D. By the arc discharge for one minute, the cathode deposit D having a thickness of about 1 mm was obtained.
[0017]
The cathode deposit D was transferred from the cathode 14 to a quartz table, irradiated with infrared rays so that the temperature at the sample position became 500 ° C., and heated and maintained at 500 ° C. for 30 minutes to purify the cathode deposit D. Observation of the heat-treated cathode deposit D revealed that the mixture of the carbon atom chains C and the carbon nanowires W was in a mat shape. As a result of micro-Raman measurement of the mat-like mixture, a peak unique to the carbon nanowire W was detected at around 1850 / cm. The higher the production efficiency of the carbon nanowires W, the higher the peak intensity.
[0018]
Whether it is the multi-walled carbon nanotube M or the carbon nanowire W can be determined by dispersing individual fibers taken out of the mat-like mixture on a silver film and detecting a peak near 1850 / cm by surface enhanced Raman measurement. . Also, once the technology of nanomanipulators using nanorobots has been established, the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of individual fibers separated from the mat-like mixture are measured, and depending on whether they match the theoretically predicted values. The multi-walled carbon nanotube M or the carbon nanowire W can be determined.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the carbon nanowire of the present invention has a higher mechanical strength than a conventional multi-walled carbon nanotube because a series of carbon atom chains are arranged on the center line of the multi-walled carbon nanotube. In addition, it has two different electron bonds sp 2 and sp and exhibits higher electric conductivity than the multi-walled carbon nanotube. Utilizing the unique structure of carbon nanowires, it will be used as a high-intensity probe for scanning tunneling electron microscopes, high-performance electronic device elements, optical elements, etc. In addition, when the cap is removed and the central carbon atom chain protrudes, nanofibers with ideally maximum curvature and metallic electrical conductivity are obtained, and high-performance electronic devices such as field emission chips Used as material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a model diagram of a carbon nanowire according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an arc evaporator used for producing the carbon nanowire.
W: carbon nanowire M: multi-walled carbon nanotube C: carbon atom chain D: cathode deposit S: soot G: hydrogen gas 10: arc evaporator 11: vacuum chamber 13: anode 14: cathode 31: vacuum pump 32: air supply tube 41 : DC power supply 42: Control mechanism

Claims (2)

炭素原子が一連になった炭素原子チェーンが中心線上に配列され、最内殻直径1nm以下の多層カーボンナノチューブが炭素原子チェーンの周囲にある炭素原子の配列構造をもつことを特徴とするカーボンナノワイヤ。A carbon nanowire wherein a carbon atom chain in which a series of carbon atoms are arranged on a center line, and a multi-walled carbon nanotube having an innermost shell diameter of 1 nm or less has a carbon atom arrangement structure around the carbon atom chain. 真空チャンバを真空排気した後、水素ガスを真空チャンバに導入し、圧力8kPa以下の雰囲気中で黒鉛製の陽極/陰極間にアーク放電を発生させ、炭素原子が一連になった炭素原子チェーンが多層カーボンナノチューブの中心線上に配列した構造を形成することを特徴とするカーボンナノワイヤの製造方法。After evacuating the vacuum chamber, hydrogen gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber, an arc discharge is generated between the graphite anode and cathode in an atmosphere of a pressure of 8 kPa or less, and a carbon atom chain having a series of carbon atoms is multilayered. A method for producing a carbon nanowire, comprising forming a structure arranged on a center line of a carbon nanotube.
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