JP2003531302A5 - - Google Patents
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- JP2003531302A5 JP2003531302A5 JP2001578724A JP2001578724A JP2003531302A5 JP 2003531302 A5 JP2003531302 A5 JP 2003531302A5 JP 2001578724 A JP2001578724 A JP 2001578724A JP 2001578724 A JP2001578724 A JP 2001578724A JP 2003531302 A5 JP2003531302 A5 JP 2003531302A5
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- current
- voltage
- signal
- coating
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 64
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000630 rising Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000002381 Plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007745 plasma electrolytic oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cells Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010003664 Atrial septal defect Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hafnium Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001646071 Prioneris Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxyl anion Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrafluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkali metal oxoacid salt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR00/05321 | 2000-04-26 | ||
FR0005321A FR2808291B1 (fr) | 2000-04-26 | 2000-04-26 | Procede electrolytique d'oxydation pour l'obtention d'un revetement ceramique a la surface d'un metal |
PCT/FR2001/001269 WO2001081658A1 (fr) | 2000-04-26 | 2001-04-25 | Procede electrolytique d'oxydation pour l'obtention d'un revêtement ceramique a la surface d'un metal |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2003531302A JP2003531302A (ja) | 2003-10-21 |
JP2003531302A5 true JP2003531302A5 (fr) | 2005-05-26 |
Family
ID=8849614
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001578724A Pending JP2003531302A (ja) | 2000-04-26 | 2001-04-25 | プラズママイクロアーク酸化用の電解法 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6808613B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1276920B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2003531302A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100868547B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100482867C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE517200T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU775598B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR0110339A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2405485A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2808291B1 (fr) |
IL (2) | IL152307A0 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2268325C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001081658A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003083181A2 (fr) * | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-09 | Isle Coat Limited | Procede et dispositif permettant de former des revetements en ceramique sur des metaux et des alliages, et revetements produits selon ledit procede |
GB2386907B (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2005-10-26 | Isle Coat Ltd | Process and device for forming ceramic coatings on metals and alloys, and coatings produced by this process |
JP4365415B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-12 | 2009-11-18 | アレクサンドロビチ ニキフォロフ,アレクセイ | マイクロアーク酸化によるバルブ金属部品の高接着性の厚い保護コーティングを生産する方法 |
DE102004026159B3 (de) * | 2004-05-28 | 2006-02-16 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von elektronischen Bauelementen, deren Verwendung zur Herstellung integrierter Schaltungen und damit hergestelltes elektronisches Bauelement |
FR2877018B1 (fr) * | 2004-10-25 | 2007-09-21 | Snecma Moteurs Sa | Procede d'oxydation micro arc pour la fabrication d'un revetement sur un substrat metallique, et son utilisation |
KR100872679B1 (ko) * | 2004-11-05 | 2008-12-10 | 니혼 파커라이징 가부시키가이샤 | 금속의 전해 세라믹 코팅방법, 금속의 전해 세라믹 코팅용 전해액 및 금속재료 |
DE102005011322A1 (de) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-14 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxyd- und Silikatschichten auf Metalloberflächen |
FR2889205B1 (fr) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-11-30 | Eads Astrium Sas Soc Par Actio | Revetement pour dispositif externe de controle thermo-optique d'elements de vehicules spatiaux, son procede de formation par micro-arcs en milieu ionise, et dispositif recouvert de ce revetement |
CN1769526B (zh) * | 2005-12-02 | 2010-08-25 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | 钢铁管件内壁陶瓷化处理方法及其装置 |
US7910221B2 (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2011-03-22 | La Jolla Bioengineering Institute | Biocompatible titanium alloys |
KR100780280B1 (ko) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-11-28 | 주식회사 아이메탈아이 | 금속체의 표면처리방법 |
US20080047837A1 (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2008-02-28 | Birss Viola I | Method for anodizing aluminum-copper alloy |
DE102006052170A1 (de) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-08 | Steinert Elektromagnetbau Gmbh | Anodische Oxidschicht für elektrische Leiter, insbesondere Leiter aus Aluminium, Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer anodischen Oxidschicht und elektrischer Leiter mit anodischer Oxidschicht |
US20080248214A1 (en) * | 2007-04-09 | 2008-10-09 | Xueyuan Nie | Method of forming an oxide coating with dimples on its surface |
TWI335674B (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2011-01-01 | Univ Nat Taiwan | Methos for forming an insulating layer over a silicon carbide substrate, silicon carbide transistors and methods for fabricating the same |
CN101365305A (zh) * | 2007-08-07 | 2009-02-11 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 便携式电子装置外壳及其制备方法 |
US20090056090A1 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-05 | Thomas Bunk | Memorial article and method thereof |
GB0720982D0 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2007-12-05 | Plasma Coatings Ltd | Method of forming a bioactive coating |
ZA200906786B (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-05-26 | Internat Advanced Res Ct Arci | A process for continuous coating deposition and an apparatus for carrying out the process |
GB2469115B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2013-08-21 | Keronite Internat Ltd | Process for the enhanced corrosion protection of valve metals |
JP5432985B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-10 | 2014-03-05 | 株式会社アルバック | メカニカルブースターポンプ、ターボ分子ポンプ又はドライポンプを構成する部材の表面処理方法及びこの表面処理方法により処理されたメカニカルブースターポンプ、ターボ分子ポンプ又はドライポンプ |
CN101660190B (zh) * | 2009-09-18 | 2010-12-29 | 西北有色金属研究院 | 一种外科植入用钛及钛合金表面黑色保护膜的制备方法 |
CN101845655B (zh) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-09-28 | 西安理工大学 | 一种低能耗阳极渐入式微弧氧化处理方法及装置 |
FR2966533B1 (fr) | 2010-10-21 | 2014-02-21 | Astrium Sas | Organe de frottement pour l'assemblage de deux pieces. |
CN102140665B (zh) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-07-11 | 北京交通大学 | 一种am60镁合金表面薄层厚度均匀处理方法 |
CN102181907B (zh) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-07-11 | 北京交通大学 | 一种am60镁合金表面薄层处理方法 |
CN102127791B (zh) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-06-27 | 北京交通大学 | 一种az91镁合金表面厚层处理方法 |
CN102181909B (zh) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-07-11 | 北京交通大学 | 一种az91镁合金表面薄层处理方法 |
CN102127789B (zh) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-06-27 | 北京交通大学 | 一种am60镁合金表面厚层处理方法 |
KR101336443B1 (ko) * | 2011-04-26 | 2013-12-04 | 영남대학교 산학협력단 | 고내식성 마그네슘 합금 산화피막의 제조방법 |
CN102330095B (zh) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-10-09 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 一种钢基材料表面的Al2O3涂层制备方法 |
CN103695980B (zh) * | 2012-09-27 | 2016-04-13 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种铝合金表面单层微弧氧化陶瓷膜的制备方法 |
CN103695981B (zh) * | 2012-09-27 | 2016-03-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种铝合金表面微弧氧化膜功能化设计的方法 |
US9123651B2 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2015-09-01 | Lam Research Corporation | Dense oxide coated component of a plasma processing chamber and method of manufacture thereof |
CN103334143B (zh) * | 2013-07-15 | 2016-01-20 | 湖南大学 | 一种锆合金表面快速制备耐磨氧化锆和氧化铝混合涂层的微弧氧化方法 |
JP2015137739A (ja) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-30 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 摺動部用部材およびその製造方法 |
US10077717B2 (en) | 2014-10-01 | 2018-09-18 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Corrosion and abrasion resistant coating |
EP3359711A1 (fr) | 2015-12-16 | 2018-08-15 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Procédé de dépôt de revêtements protecteurs à base de titane sur aluminium |
RU167518U1 (ru) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-01-10 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В.И. Ульянова (Ленина)" (СПбГЭТУ "ЛЭТИ") | Установка для получения пористых анодных оксидов металлов и полупроводников |
EP3485068A4 (fr) | 2016-07-13 | 2020-04-22 | Iontra LLC | Procédés, dispositifs et compositions électrochimiques |
CN106801241A (zh) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-06-06 | 广东飞翔达科技有限公司 | 一种在金属零件上产生陶瓷保护涂层的装置以及方法 |
FR3087208B1 (fr) | 2018-10-16 | 2020-10-30 | Irt Antoine De Saint Exupery | Procede de traitement de surface de pieces en aluminium |
CN109183115A (zh) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-11 | 北京杜尔考特科技有限公司 | 一种表面覆有超硬微弧氧化陶瓷膜的铝合金的制备方法 |
CN110361313B (zh) * | 2019-07-11 | 2022-04-05 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种定量评价磷化膜孔隙率的电化学测试方法 |
FR3110605B1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 | 2023-06-30 | Lag2M | Procede et installation de traitement de pieces metalliques par oxydation micro-arc |
FR3111146A1 (fr) | 2021-06-03 | 2021-12-10 | Lag2M | Installation de traitement de pieces metalliques par oxydation micro-arc |
FR3124806A1 (fr) | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-06 | Lag2M | Equipment de traitement au défilé de pièces par oxydation micro-arc |
CN113881995B (zh) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-03-24 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | 一种冷板风道内部微弧氧化的方法 |
Family Cites Families (19)
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DE257274C (fr) | 1900-01-01 | |||
US4468293A (en) * | 1982-03-05 | 1984-08-28 | Olin Corporation | Electrochemical treatment of copper for improving its bond strength |
US4923574A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1990-05-08 | Uri Cohen | Method for making a record member with a metallic antifriction overcoat |
DD257274B1 (de) * | 1987-02-02 | 1991-05-29 | Karl Marx Stadt Tech Hochschul | Verfahren zur herstellung dekorativer oberflaechen auf metallen |
US5147515A (en) * | 1989-09-04 | 1992-09-15 | Dipsol Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Method for forming ceramic films by anode-spark discharge |
SU1767043A1 (ru) * | 1990-01-25 | 1992-10-07 | Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского Проектно-Конструкторского И Технологического Института Электромашиностроения | Способ микродугового анодировани |
US5071527A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1991-12-10 | University Of Dayton | Complete oil analysis technique |
US5141602A (en) * | 1991-06-18 | 1992-08-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | High-productivity method and apparatus for making customized interconnections |
RU2023762C1 (ru) * | 1991-06-27 | 1994-11-30 | Научно-техническое бюро "Энергия" Московского межотраслевого объединения "Ингеоком" | Способ нанесения покрытий на алюминиевые сплавы |
JP2875680B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-17 | 1999-03-31 | 株式会社東芝 | 基材表面の微小孔又は微細凹みの充填又は被覆方法 |
JPH06297639A (ja) * | 1993-04-13 | 1994-10-25 | Sky Alum Co Ltd | フィルム積層アルミニウム材およびフィルム積層用アルミニウム材の製造方法 |
RU2070622C1 (ru) * | 1993-06-24 | 1996-12-20 | Василий Александрович Большаков | Способ нанесения керамического покрытия на металлическую поверхность микродуговым анодированием и электролит для его осуществления |
WO1995018250A1 (fr) * | 1993-12-29 | 1995-07-06 | Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Inzhenerny Tsentr 'agromet' | Procede de production d'un revetement sur des metaux a conductivite unipolaire |
IL109857A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1998-06-15 | Almag Al | Electrolytic process and apparatus for coating metals |
US5605615A (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1997-02-25 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for plating metals |
US5720866A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-02-24 | Ara Coating, Inc. | Method for forming coatings by electrolyte discharge and coatings formed thereby |
JP2000510530A (ja) * | 1997-03-11 | 2000-08-15 | アルマッグ アル | 金属被覆方法、および金属被覆装置 |
AU747068C (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 2002-11-07 | Isle Coat Limited | Method for producing hard protection coatings on articles made of aluminium alloys |
US6197178B1 (en) * | 1999-04-02 | 2001-03-06 | Microplasmic Corporation | Method for forming ceramic coatings by micro-arc oxidation of reactive metals |
-
2000
- 2000-04-26 FR FR0005321A patent/FR2808291B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-04-25 RU RU2002128612/02A patent/RU2268325C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-25 BR BR0110339-3A patent/BR0110339A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-25 KR KR1020027014269A patent/KR100868547B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-25 IL IL15230701A patent/IL152307A0/xx active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-25 US US10/018,709 patent/US6808613B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-25 WO PCT/FR2001/001269 patent/WO2001081658A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-25 EP EP01929704A patent/EP1276920B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-25 JP JP2001578724A patent/JP2003531302A/ja active Pending
- 2001-04-25 AT AT01929704T patent/ATE517200T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-25 AU AU56407/01A patent/AU775598B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-04-25 CN CNB01808656XA patent/CN100482867C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-25 CA CA002405485A patent/CA2405485A1/fr not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-10-15 IL IL152307A patent/IL152307A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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