JP2003267214A - Vehicle - Google Patents
VehicleInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003267214A JP2003267214A JP2002076982A JP2002076982A JP2003267214A JP 2003267214 A JP2003267214 A JP 2003267214A JP 2002076982 A JP2002076982 A JP 2002076982A JP 2002076982 A JP2002076982 A JP 2002076982A JP 2003267214 A JP2003267214 A JP 2003267214A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- perforated plate
- sound absorbing
- sound
- space
- stool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、たとえば鉄道車両
などの車両に関し、特に快適な客室を実現する車両に関
する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicle such as a railroad vehicle, and more particularly to a vehicle that realizes a comfortable cabin.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】車両、特に鉄道車両の客室の騒音に対す
る低減要求は、快適な車内空間への要求においてかなり
のウェイトを占めている。しかしながら、客室内に一旦
入った騒音を低減させる技術の開発は遅れている。2. Description of the Related Art The demand for noise reduction in passenger compartments of vehicles, especially railway vehicles, occupies a considerable weight in the demand for a comfortable interior space. However, the development of technology to reduce the noise once entering the cabin has been delayed.
【０００３】客室に備えられる腰掛は、清掃の容易性を
向上するとともに、近年、心ない乗客の悪戯による破損
を防止するために、腰掛の表皮材は、たとえば合成樹
脂、ステンレス鋼などの材料を用いている。また見栄え
の良さ、および豪華さを向上させるために、表皮材とし
て牛革など用いる腰掛も登場している。In order to improve the easiness of cleaning the stool provided in the passenger compartment, and to prevent damage due to mischief of passengers in recent years, the stool skin material is made of, for example, synthetic resin or stainless steel. I am using. In addition, stools that use cowhide as a skin material have also been introduced to improve the appearance and luxury.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしこのような腰掛
の表皮材に用いられ材料は、吸音性に非常に劣ってお
り、このような腰掛を備える客室では、その客室内に入
った騒音が、腰掛によって効果的に吸音されない。その
ため乗客に対して騒音が著しく大きくなるという問題が
ある。However, the material used for the skin material of such a stool is extremely inferior in sound absorbing property, and in a guest room equipped with such a stool, the noise that enters the guest room is Sound is not effectively absorbed by the stool. Therefore, there is a problem that the noise is significantly increased for passengers.
【０００５】本発明の目的は、客室内の騒音を低減する
ことができるようにして快適な客室を実現する車両を提
供することである。An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle that realizes a comfortable cabin by reducing noise in the cabin.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、車体内の客室
に設置される腰掛の下部に、多孔板を取付け、この多孔
板の上方に吸音用空間を形成したことを特徴とする車両
である。The present invention is a vehicle characterized in that a perforated plate is attached to a lower portion of a stool installed in a passenger compartment in a vehicle body, and a sound absorbing space is formed above the perforated plate. is there.
【０００７】また本発明は、多孔板は、多数の貫通孔が
形成された金属製または合成樹脂製のパンチングメタル
であることを特徴とする。Further, the present invention is characterized in that the perforated plate is a punching metal made of metal or synthetic resin in which a large number of through holes are formed.
【０００８】本発明に従えば、表皮材などを有する腰掛
の下部に、多孔板によって仕切られた吸音用空間を形成
する。これによって吸音用空間と多孔板の多数の貫通孔
とから成るヘルムホルツ共鳴器形の吸音構造を実現す
る。この吸音構造に、共鳴周波数ｆ０と同じ周波数の音
が当たると、多孔板の貫通孔付近の空気は、激しく振動
し、粘性損失によって音のエネルギの一部が熱エネルギ
に変換される。これによって吸音作用が生じる。こうし
てたとえば５０Ｈｚ〜５ｋＨｚの広範囲にわたる騒音を
低減し、客室内に侵入した騒音、特に床を伝って客室内
に侵入した騒音を極めて効率よく低減することができ、
静かな客室を提供することができるようになる。According to the present invention, the sound absorbing space partitioned by the perforated plate is formed in the lower portion of the seat having the skin material or the like. As a result, a Helmholtz resonator type sound absorbing structure including a sound absorbing space and a large number of through holes of a perforated plate is realized. When a sound having the same frequency as the resonance frequency f0 hits the sound absorbing structure, the air near the through holes of the porous plate vibrates violently, and a part of the sound energy is converted into heat energy by viscous loss. This produces a sound absorbing effect. In this way, it is possible to reduce noise over a wide range of, for example, 50 Hz to 5 kHz, and to extremely efficiently reduce noise that has entered the passenger compartment, particularly noise that has propagated on the floor and has entered the passenger compartment.
Be able to offer quiet rooms.
【０００９】また表皮材などを有する腰掛の下部に、多
孔板によって仕切られた吸音用空間を形成するので、多
孔板および吸音用空間は、乗客から見えにくい場所に位
置しており、見栄えが悪くなることを防止するととも
に、乗客の悪戯によって多孔板が破損することを可及的
に防止することができる。Further, since the sound absorbing space partitioned by the perforated plate is formed in the lower portion of the stool having the skin material or the like, the perforated plate and the sound absorbing space are located in places that are difficult for passengers to see, and the appearance is poor. It is possible to prevent the damage of the perforated plate due to the mischief of passengers as much as possible.
【００１０】また本発明は、前記吸音用空間に、繊維状
吸音材を設けることを特徴とする。また本発明は、繊維
状吸音材は、グラスウールまたはロックウールであるこ
とを特徴とする。The present invention is also characterized in that a fibrous sound absorbing material is provided in the sound absorbing space. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the fibrous sound absorbing material is glass wool or rock wool.
【００１１】本発明に従えば、多孔板の吸音用空間内に
おける背後に、繊維状吸音材を配置することによって、
吸音用空間に貫通孔から入り込んだ音の粘性損失を大き
くし、吸音率を向上することができる。このような繊維
状吸音材を用いることによって、吸音の周波数特性を調
整し、客室内の音圧レベルが高い周波数を効果的に吸音
することができるようになる。According to the present invention, by disposing the fibrous sound absorbing material behind the perforated plate in the sound absorbing space,
It is possible to increase the viscous loss of the sound that has entered the sound absorbing space through the through hole and improve the sound absorbing coefficient. By using such a fibrous sound absorbing material, it becomes possible to adjust the frequency characteristic of sound absorption and effectively absorb the frequency with a high sound pressure level in the passenger compartment.
【００１２】また本発明は、腰掛の表皮材は、合成樹脂
または金属から成ることを特徴とする。Further, the present invention is characterized in that the seat cover material is made of synthetic resin or metal.
【００１３】本発明に従えば、腰掛の表皮材として、た
とえば繊維強化合成樹脂（ＦＲＰ）またはステンレス鋼
などの金属などから成るたとえば板状材料を用い、これ
によって清掃が容易になるとともに、豪華さ、見栄えの
向上を図ることができる。しかも本発明によれば、客室
内に入った騒音を効果的に吸音し、乗客を快適に保つこ
とができる。According to the present invention, for example, a plate-like material made of, for example, metal such as fiber reinforced synthetic resin (FRP) or stainless steel is used as the seat cover material, which facilitates cleaning and is luxurious. , The appearance can be improved. Moreover, according to the present invention, the noise that has entered the passenger compartment can be effectively absorbed and passengers can be kept comfortable.
【００１４】また本発明は、腰掛は、客室の側壁に配置
され、多孔板は、客室の幅方向中央に近づくにつれて高
くなるように傾斜して配置されることを特徴とする。Further, the present invention is characterized in that the stool is arranged on the side wall of the passenger compartment, and the perforated plate is arranged so as to be inclined so as to become higher toward the center of the passenger compartment in the width direction.
【００１５】本発明に従えば、多孔板と床との間の距離
が多孔板の直下方の複数の各位置毎に異なり、その距離
が一定ではなく、これによって幅広い周波数範囲で、吸
音効果を発揮することが可能になる。このような多孔板
の傾斜した構成と、前述のグラスウールまたはロックウ
ールなどの繊維状吸音材との組合せによって、客室内の
騒音の吸音すべき幅広い周波数で、優れた吸音効果を達
成することが可能になる。According to the present invention, the distance between the perforated plate and the floor is different for each of a plurality of positions immediately below the perforated plate, and the distance is not constant, which allows the sound absorbing effect to be achieved in a wide frequency range. It becomes possible to exert it. By combining the slanted structure of such a perforated plate with the above-mentioned fibrous sound absorbing material such as glass wool or rock wool, it is possible to achieve an excellent sound absorbing effect in a wide range of frequencies that should absorb the noise in the cabin. become.
【００１６】腰掛が側壁に配置され、たとえば側壁に沿
って細長く延びているたとえばベンチ状である構成で
は、客室の車両走行方向左右の幅方向における中央に近
づくにつれて高くなるように傾斜される。こうして前述
のように幅広い周波数範囲で、吸音効果を発揮すること
ができる。In a structure in which the stool is arranged on the side wall and extends, for example, along the side wall in a slender shape, for example, in the form of a bench, the seat is inclined so that it becomes higher as it approaches the center in the left-right width direction of the vehicle traveling direction. Thus, as described above, the sound absorbing effect can be exhibited in a wide frequency range.
【００１７】また本発明は、多孔板は、腰掛の下方で、
その腰掛の前端部付近と床との上下間にわたって設けら
れることを特徴とする。Further, in the present invention, the perforated plate is below the seat,
It is characterized in that it is provided between the vicinity of the front end of the stool and the floor above and below.
【００１８】本発明に従えば、腰掛の下方で床付近に
は、たとえば暖房のための電気ヒータ、消火器などの機
器が設置され、このような構成において、その腰掛の前
端部付近と床との上下間にわたって多孔板を設ける。こ
のことによってもまた、客室内の騒音を吸音する効果を
発揮することができる。According to the present invention, a device such as an electric heater for heating or a fire extinguisher is installed below the stool and near the floor. A perforated plate is provided above and below. Also by this, the effect of absorbing the noise in the passenger compartment can be exhibited.
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は、本発明の実施の一形態の
鉄道車両１の走行方向５（図１の紙面に垂直な方向）に
垂直な切断面から見た腰掛２の断面図であり、図２は、
腰掛２の床付近の腰掛２の下方から見た簡略化した斜視
図である。腰掛２は、乗客が着座する腰掛本体である表
皮材３を有する。表皮材３の着座部５１上に着座した乗
客の背中は、表皮材３の背後（図１の左方）の背当て部
５４によって支持される。1 is a cross-sectional view of a seat 2 viewed from a cross section perpendicular to a traveling direction 5 (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 1) of a railway vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Yes, Figure 2
FIG. 3 is a simplified perspective view of the stool 2 near the floor as viewed from below the stool 2. The stool 2 has a skin material 3 which is a stool body on which a passenger sits. The back of the passenger seated on the seat portion 51 of the skin material 3 is supported by the back support portion 54 behind the skin material 3 (on the left in FIG. 1).
【００２０】図３は、鉄道車両１の簡略化した平面図で
ある。鉄道車両１の車体１０は、中心ピン１１，１２に
よって、台車に連結され、こうして鉄道車両１が構成さ
れる。この車体１０は、走行方向５に細長い客室６が、
その床７と、右および左の各側壁８，９とによって、さ
らに天井によって、形成される。腰掛２は、客室６を形
成する側壁８，９に沿ってベンチ状に図３の左右に細長
く延び、その走行方向５に間隔をあけて配置される。FIG. 3 is a simplified plan view of the railway vehicle 1. The vehicle body 10 of the railway vehicle 1 is connected to the bogie by the center pins 11 and 12, and thus the railway vehicle 1 is configured. The vehicle body 10 has a cabin 6 elongated in the traveling direction 5,
It is formed by the floor 7 and the right and left side walls 8, 9 and also by the ceiling. The stool 2 is elongated along the side walls 8 and 9 forming the passenger compartment 6 in the left-right direction in FIG. 3 and is arranged at intervals in the running direction 5.
【００２１】図４は、腰掛２の図３のセクション１６を
拡大して示す簡略化した平面図である。腰掛２は基本的
に、繊維強化合成樹脂（ＦＲＰ）またはステンレス鋼な
どの金属から成る表皮材３と、鉄道車両１の走行方向５
の前後に配置される一対の端部材１４と、これらの端部
材１４間に配置される１または複数（たとえばこの実施
の形態では２）の支持部材１５とを含む。FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic plan view of the section 16 of the stool 2 of FIG. The stool 2 is basically a skin material 3 made of metal such as fiber reinforced synthetic resin (FRP) or stainless steel, and a running direction 5 of the railway vehicle 1.
And a pair of end members 14 arranged before and after the end member 14 and one or more (for example, 2 in this embodiment) support members 15 arranged between the end members 14.
【００２２】図１を再び参照して、端部材１４は、ほぼ
Ｌ字状の端板１７を有し、一対の端板１７の前端部間に
わたって水平な断面Ｕ字状の支持体１９が延びて固定さ
れる。この支持体１９と側壁８とには、表皮材３の内方
で、ほぼＬ字状の断面を有する補強部材２１が固定され
る。表皮材３の内面と、補強部材２１の外面との間に
は、取付部材２２，２３が設けられ、これらの表皮材３
と補強部材２１とを相互に固定するとともに、着座部５
１の下方で補強部材２１との間には、隙間を埋めるライ
ナ２４が介在される。Referring again to FIG. 1, the end member 14 has a substantially L-shaped end plate 17, and a horizontal support member 19 having a U-shaped cross section extends between the front end portions of the pair of end plates 17. Fixed. A reinforcing member 21 having a substantially L-shaped cross section is fixed to the inside of the skin material 3 to the support 19 and the side wall 8. Mounting members 22 and 23 are provided between the inner surface of the skin material 3 and the outer surface of the reinforcing member 21.
And the reinforcing member 21 are fixed to each other, and the seat 5
A liner 24 that fills the gap is interposed below the reinforcing member 21 below the position 1.
【００２３】表皮材３は、乗客が着座する前述の着座部
５１と、車体１０の走行方向５に垂直な幅方向を中央寄
りの前部５２と、乗客の背後で立上って延びる背当て部
５４とを含む。前部５２は、図１に示されるように鉛直
断面内で半円状に弯曲し、取付部材２２を介して支持体
１９に固定される。表皮材３の背当て部５４は、弯曲し
た頂部５５に連続する。こうして表皮材３と端部材１４
と側壁８とによって、下方に臨む気密な吸音用空間５７
が形成される。The skin material 3 includes the above-described seating portion 51 on which a passenger sits, a front portion 52 near the center in the width direction perpendicular to the traveling direction 5 of the vehicle body 10, and a backrest extending upright behind the passenger. And a portion 54. As shown in FIG. 1, the front portion 52 is curved in a semicircular shape in the vertical cross section and is fixed to the support body 19 via the mounting member 22. The back support portion 54 of the skin material 3 is continuous with the curved top portion 55. Thus, the skin material 3 and the end member 14
Airtight sound absorbing space 57 facing downward by the side wall 8 and
Is formed.
【００２４】表皮材３の下方には、多孔板５９が配置さ
れる。この多孔板５９は、図１のようにその前部が取付
け片６１によって、また後部がもう１つの取付け片６２
によって、支持体１９と側壁８とにそれぞれ固定され
る。補強部材２１の上部は、取付け片６３によって側壁
８に固定される。補強部材２１は、車体１０の走行方向
５に沿って延びる板状であってもよいが、その走行方向
５に間隔をあけて配置されてもよい。こうして吸音用空
間５７の下部は、多孔板５９によって閉じられる。Below the skin material 3, a perforated plate 59 is arranged. As shown in FIG. 1, the perforated plate 59 has a mounting piece 61 at the front portion and another mounting piece 62 at the rear portion.
Are fixed to the support 19 and the side wall 8, respectively. The upper portion of the reinforcing member 21 is fixed to the side wall 8 by the attachment piece 63. The reinforcing member 21 may have a plate shape extending along the traveling direction 5 of the vehicle body 10, but may be arranged at intervals in the traveling direction 5. Thus, the lower part of the sound absorbing space 57 is closed by the perforated plate 59.
【００２５】図５は、多孔板５９の平面図である。多孔
板５９は、合成樹脂製またはステンレス鋼などの金属製
であり、その多孔板５９の板厚ｔは、たとえば０．５〜
３．０ｍｍであり、この多孔板５９に千鳥状に形成され
る多数の貫通孔６６は、その直径φがたとえば４．５ｍ
ｍであり、隣接する貫通孔６６の中心間の距離であるピ
ッチＬ１，Ｌ２，Ｌ３は、たとえば６ｍｍであってもよ
い。このような多孔板５９は、パンチングメタルとして
商業的に入手容易である。こうして、吸音用空間５７と
多孔板５９の貫通孔６６とからヘルムホルツ共鳴器を構
成し、このような吸音構造８１（後述の図１０参照）に
よって、騒音の吸音効果を達成する。FIG. 5 is a plan view of the perforated plate 59. The perforated plate 59 is made of synthetic resin or metal such as stainless steel, and the plate thickness t of the perforated plate 59 is, for example, 0.5 to.
The through holes 66 are 3.0 mm in length and are formed in a staggered pattern in the perforated plate 59.
The pitch L1, L2, L3, which is m and is the distance between the centers of the adjacent through holes 66, may be 6 mm, for example. Such a perforated plate 59 is easily commercially available as punching metal. Thus, the sound absorbing space 57 and the through hole 66 of the perforated plate 59 constitute a Helmholtz resonator, and such a sound absorbing structure 81 (see FIG. 10, which will be described later) achieves a noise absorbing effect.
【００２６】多孔板５９は、客室６の側壁８，９に沿っ
て細長く延びる。多孔板５９は、客室６の幅方向（図１
の左右方向、図３の上下方向）中央に近づくにつれて
（すなわち図１の右方になるにつれて）、高くなるよう
に傾斜して配置される。多孔板５９が、車体１０の床７
に対して傾斜する角度は、θ１（図１参照）である。こ
の角度θ１は、たとえば２〜１０度であってもよい。こ
うして多孔板５９が床７に平行ではなく、角度θ１だけ
傾斜していることによって、図１の左右の各位置におけ
る多孔板５９と床７との間の距離は相互に異なる。した
がって、吸音用空間５７は、幅広い周波数帯域にわたっ
て、騒音の吸収を行うことができる。The perforated plate 59 is elongated along the side walls 8 and 9 of the passenger compartment 6. The perforated plate 59 is arranged in the width direction of the passenger room 6 (see
In the left-right direction, and in the up-down direction in FIG. 3), they are arranged so as to become higher as they approach the center (that is, toward the right in FIG. 1). The perforated plate 59 is the floor 7 of the vehicle body 10.
The angle of inclination with respect to is θ1 (see FIG. 1). This angle θ1 may be, for example, 2 to 10 degrees. In this way, since the perforated plate 59 is not parallel to the floor 7 and is inclined by the angle θ1, the distances between the perforated plate 59 and the floor 7 at the left and right positions in FIG. 1 are different from each other. Therefore, the sound absorbing space 57 can absorb noise over a wide frequency band.
【００２７】吸音用空間５７には、多孔板５９上に、繊
維状吸音材６７が収納される。繊維状吸音材６７は、た
とえばグラスウールまたはロックウールなどから成って
もよい。このような吸音材６７を、多孔板５９のごく近
傍で、吸音用空間５７内に収納することによって、騒音
を吸収する周波数帯域を、広げることが可能になる。In the sound absorbing space 57, the fibrous sound absorbing material 67 is housed on the porous plate 59. The fibrous sound absorbing material 67 may be made of, for example, glass wool or rock wool. By accommodating the sound absorbing material 67 in the sound absorbing space 57 in the vicinity of the perforated plate 59, the frequency band for absorbing noise can be widened.
【００２８】上述のように、客室６内に侵入した騒音の
大部分を占める、床７を伝って客室６内に侵入した騒音
を、多孔板５９と繊維状吸音材６７とを用いることによ
って、極めて効率よく低減することができ、静かな客室
６を提供することができるようになる。床７を伝って客
室６内に侵入した騒音を低減するためには、たとえば床
７と腰掛２との間の車体１０の側壁８の客室６内に臨む
側面に吸音材を貼り付けることが考えられるが、客室６
内の床７を清掃するときに、側壁８貼り付けた吸音材が
邪魔になる。本件実施の形態では、この問題を解決し、
腰掛２に吸音構造を設けることによって、客室６内の清
掃作業の妨げになることを防止することができる。As described above, by using the perforated plate 59 and the fibrous sound absorbing material 67, the noise occupying most of the noise that has entered the passenger compartment 6 and that has entered the passenger compartment 6 through the floor 7 is obtained. It is possible to extremely efficiently reduce the number, and it becomes possible to provide a quiet guest room 6. In order to reduce the noise that has entered the passenger compartment 6 through the floor 7, it is conceivable to attach a sound absorbing material to the side surface of the side wall 8 of the vehicle body 10 between the floor 7 and the stool 2 that faces the passenger compartment 6. Guest room 6
When cleaning the floor 7 inside, the sound absorbing material attached to the side wall 8 becomes an obstacle. In the present embodiment, this problem is solved,
By providing the seat 2 with the sound absorbing structure, it is possible to prevent the cleaning work in the passenger compartment 6 from being hindered.
【００２９】また表皮材３を有する腰掛２の下部に、多
孔板５９によって仕切られた吸音用空間５７を形成する
ので、多孔板５９および吸音用空間５７は、乗客から見
えにくい場所に位置しており、見栄えが悪くなることを
防止するとともに、乗客の悪戯によって多孔板５９が破
損することを可及的に防止することができる。Further, since the sound absorbing space 57 partitioned by the perforated plate 59 is formed in the lower portion of the stool 2 having the skin material 3, the perforated plate 59 and the sound absorbing space 57 are located in a place where passengers cannot easily see them. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the appearance of the perforated plate 59 from being deteriorated and to prevent the perforated plate 59 from being damaged by the mischief of the passenger.
【００３０】図６は、本発明の実施の他の形態の一部の
断面図である。この実施の形態は前述の実施の形態に類
似し、対応する部分には同一の参照符を付す。注目すべ
きはこの実施の形態では、腰掛２の下方で、その表皮材
１３の前部５２が設けられる前端部６９の下部付近と床
７との上下間にわたって、多孔板７１が設けられる。腰
掛２の直下方には、機器、たとえば暖房のための電気ヒ
ータ７２が配置されてもよい。電気ヒータ７２からの加
熱された空気は、多孔板７１の多数の貫通孔６６を挿通
して流れ、客室６の暖房を行う。このような図６に示さ
れる構成でもまた、吸音効果を達成することができる。
図６の実施の形態では、図１〜図５の実施の形態におけ
る多孔板５９および吸音材６７は省略される。FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is similar to the above-described embodiment, and corresponding parts are designated by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the perforated plate 71 is provided below the seat 2 and above and below the floor 7 near the lower portion of the front end 69 where the front portion 52 of the skin material 13 is provided. A device, for example, an electric heater 72 for heating may be arranged immediately below the seat 2. The heated air from the electric heater 72 flows through the through holes 66 of the perforated plate 71 to heat the passenger compartment 6. The structure shown in FIG. 6 can also achieve the sound absorbing effect.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the porous plate 59 and the sound absorbing material 67 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 are omitted.
【００３１】図７は、本発明の実施のさらに他の形態の
多孔板７４の一部の斜視図である。この多孔板７４は、
その断面が矩形の波形であって、底部７５と頂部７６
と、これらの底部７５と頂部７６とを結ぶ連結部７７と
を周期的に繰返して、形成される。これらの底部７５、
頂部７６および連結部７７に、多数の貫通孔６６を形成
する。これによって貫通孔６６の孔数を、前述の実施の
形態における多孔板５９の孔数に比べて多くすることが
でき、吸音効果を高めることができる。FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a part of a perforated plate 74 according to still another embodiment of the present invention. This perforated plate 74 is
The cross-section is rectangular corrugated, with bottom 75 and top 76
And a connecting portion 77 connecting the bottom portion 75 and the top portion 76 are periodically repeated to be formed. These bottoms 75,
A large number of through holes 66 are formed in the top portion 76 and the connecting portion 77. As a result, the number of through holes 66 can be made larger than that of the perforated plate 59 in the above-described embodiment, and the sound absorbing effect can be enhanced.
【００３２】図８は、本発明の実施のさらに他の形態の
多孔板７８の斜視図である。この多孔板７８は、三角形
状に繰返された傾斜面７９を有し、これらの傾斜面７９
に、多数の貫通孔６６が形成される。このような多孔板
７８もまた、前述の多孔板５９に比べて孔数を多くし、
吸音効果を高めることができる。FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a perforated plate 78 according to still another embodiment of the present invention. The perforated plate 78 has inclined surfaces 79 that are repeated in a triangular shape.
A large number of through holes 66 are formed therein. Such a perforated plate 78 also has a larger number of holes than the perforated plate 59 described above,
The sound absorption effect can be enhanced.
【００３３】図９は、図１〜図８に示される各実施の形
態における吸音作用の原理を説明するための図である。
図９（１）に示されるように、仮想的な隔壁である多孔
板５９によって、吸音用空間５７が、各貫通孔６６毎に
仕切られているものと想定すると、図９（２）のとおり
となる。この図９（２）に示される吸音用空間５７ａ
と、その空間５７ａに連なる単一の貫通孔６６は、ヘル
ムホルツ共鳴器の系を構成し、このようなヘルムホルツ
共鳴器形吸音構造の共鳴周波数ｆ０は、次式（１）で示
されるとおりである。FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the sound absorbing action in each of the embodiments shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 9 (1), assuming that the sound absorbing space 57 is partitioned by each through hole 66 by a perforated plate 59 which is a virtual partition wall, as shown in FIG. 9 (2). Becomes The sound absorbing space 57a shown in FIG. 9 (2).
And a single through hole 66 connected to the space 57a constitutes a system of the Helmholtz resonator, and the resonance frequency f0 of such a Helmholtz resonator type sound absorbing structure is as shown by the following expression (1). .
【００３４】[0034]
【数１】 [Equation 1]
【００３５】上式（１）において、ｃは空気中の音速
度、βは開口率、Ｈは吸音用空間５７ａの多孔板５９の
板厚方向の厚み、ｔは多孔板５９の板厚、φは貫通孔６
６が真円であるときにおける内径である。In the above equation (1), c is the speed of sound in air, β is the aperture ratio, H is the thickness of the sound absorbing space 57a in the plate thickness direction of the porous plate 59, t is the plate thickness of the porous plate 59, and φ is Is through hole 6
The inner diameter when 6 is a perfect circle.
【００３６】上式（１）から、たとえば、より低い周波
数の音を吸音したい場合には、板厚ｔを大きくすればよ
く、より高い周波数の音を吸音したい場合には、板厚ｔ
を小さくすれば良い。また、多孔板５９の隣合う貫通孔
６６同士の間隔（ピッチ）Ｌ１〜からＬ３（図５参照）
を小さくすれば、貫通孔６６に臨む吸音用空間５７ａの
容積が小さくなるので、吸音できる音の周波数を高くす
ることができる。また貫通孔６６の内径φは、小さいほ
うが好ましい。このように、吸音用空間５７ａの厚みＨ
を調整することなく、換言すれば、腰掛２の吸音用空間
５７となる内空間の形状および寸法を調整することな
く、多孔板５９の厚みｔ、貫通孔６６の内径φおよび貫
通孔６６のピッチの少なくともいずれか１つを調整する
ことによって、共鳴周波数ｆ０を、吸音させたい音の周
波数に容易に合わせることができる。From the above equation (1), for example, when it is desired to absorb a sound of a lower frequency, the plate thickness t should be increased, and when a sound of a higher frequency should be absorbed, the plate thickness t.
Should be small. Further, the intervals (pitch) L1 to L3 between the adjacent through holes 66 of the porous plate 59 (see FIG. 5).
If the value is made smaller, the volume of the sound absorbing space 57a facing the through hole 66 becomes smaller, so that the frequency of sound that can be absorbed can be increased. The inner diameter φ of the through hole 66 is preferably small. Thus, the thickness H of the sound absorbing space 57a is
Of the perforated plate 59, the inner diameter φ of the through holes 66, and the pitch of the through holes 66 without adjusting the shape and size of the inner space that becomes the sound absorbing space 57 of the stool 2. The resonance frequency f0 can be easily adjusted to the frequency of the sound to be absorbed by adjusting at least one of the above.
【００３７】この吸音構造に、共鳴周波数ｆ０と同じ周
波数の音が当ると、貫通孔６６の空気は激しく振動し、
粘性損失によって音のエネルギの一部が熱エネルギに変
換される。これによって吸音作用が達成される。多孔板
５９の背後に、前述のように繊維状吸音材６７を配置す
ることによって、粘性損失を大きくし、吸音率αを高め
ることができる。When a sound having the same frequency as the resonance frequency f0 hits the sound absorbing structure, the air in the through hole 66 vibrates violently,
A part of sound energy is converted into heat energy by viscous loss. This achieves a sound absorbing effect. By disposing the fibrous sound absorbing material 67 behind the porous plate 59 as described above, the viscous loss can be increased and the sound absorption coefficient α can be increased.
【００３８】また多孔板５９と繊維状吸音材６７とを用
いる場合、多孔板５９の開口率βを３０％未満にする
と、繊維状吸音材６７による吸音効果よりも、ヘルムホ
ルツ共鳴器形吸音構造による吸音効果の方が大きくな
り、多孔板５９の開口率βを３０％以上にすると、ヘル
ムホルツ共鳴器形吸音構造による吸音効果よりも、繊維
状吸音材６７による吸音効果の方が大きくなる。When the perforated plate 59 and the fibrous sound absorbing material 67 are used, if the aperture ratio β of the perforated plate 59 is less than 30%, the sound absorption effect of the fibrous sound absorbing material 67 is more than that of the Helmholtz resonator type sound absorbing structure. When the aperture ratio β of the porous plate 59 is set to 30% or more, the sound absorbing effect by the fibrous sound absorbing material 67 becomes larger than the sound absorbing effect by the Helmholtz resonator type sound absorbing structure.
【００３９】図１０は、本発明の吸音構造８１の吸音率
αを説明するための図である。入射する音の強さをＩｉ
とし、その吸音構造８１からの反射音の強さをＩｒとし
たとき、吸音率αは、次式（２）で示される。
α ＝ １ − Ｉｒ／Ｉｉ …（２）FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the sound absorption coefficient α of the sound absorbing structure 81 of the present invention. The intensity of the incident sound is Ii
And the intensity of the reflected sound from the sound absorbing structure 81 is Ir, the sound absorption coefficient α is expressed by the following equation (2). α = 1−Ir / Ii (2)
【００４０】図１１は、図１〜図５に示される本発明の
実施の形態における本件発明者の実験結果を示すグラフ
である。第１ライン８３は、前述の図１〜図５に示され
るように、多孔板５９と繊維状吸音材６７とを用いるこ
とによって得られた吸音率αを示す。第２ライン８４
は、図１〜図５の構成における多孔板５９を省略すると
ともに繊維状吸音材６７を省略した構成における吸音率
αの特性を示す。本件発明によれば、多孔板５９および
繊維状吸音材６７を用いて吸音構造を構成することによ
って、吸音率αを高めることができることが確認され
た。FIG. 11 is a graph showing the experimental results of the inventor of the present invention in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. The first line 83 indicates the sound absorption coefficient α obtained by using the perforated plate 59 and the fibrous sound absorbing material 67, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 described above. Second line 84
Shows the characteristic of the sound absorption coefficient α in the configuration in which the porous plate 59 is omitted and the fibrous sound absorbing material 67 is omitted in the configurations of FIGS. 1 to 5. According to the present invention, it was confirmed that the sound absorption coefficient α can be increased by forming the sound absorbing structure using the porous plate 59 and the fibrous sound absorbing material 67.
【００４１】図１１に示すように、第１ライン８３は、
第２ライン８４よりも全体的に吸音率αが向上している
のは、広い周波数帯域において吸音効果のある繊維状吸
音材６による吸音効果であると考えられる。また、たと
えば１／３オクターブバンド中心周波数が５００Ｈｚで
は、第１ライン８３は、第２ライン８４に比べて、非常
に吸音率αが高くなっているのは、多孔板５９を含むヘ
ルムホルツ共鳴器形吸音構造の共鳴周波数ｆ０と１／３
オクターブバンド中心周波数５００Ｈｚとが、ほぼ一致
しているためであると考えられる。この吸音率αは、客
室内空間全体の残響時間の実験値と客室内表面積から算
出したものであり、本発明のみによって達成される吸音
率ではない。したがって本件発明者によれば、本発明の
みの吸音率は、図１１のライン８３とライン８４の差以
上にあると考えられる。As shown in FIG. 11, the first line 83 is
It is considered that the sound absorption coefficient α is improved as compared with the second line 84 due to the sound absorbing effect of the fibrous sound absorbing material 6 having a sound absorbing effect in a wide frequency band. Further, for example, when the center frequency of the 1/3 octave band is 500 Hz, the sound absorption coefficient α of the first line 83 is much higher than that of the second line 84 because the Helmholtz resonator type including the porous plate 59 is used. Resonance frequency f0 and 1/3 of sound absorption structure
It is considered that this is because the center frequency of the octave band is approximately equal to 500 Hz. The sound absorption coefficient α is calculated from the experimental value of the reverberation time of the entire cabin space and the surface area in the cabin, and is not the sound absorption coefficient achieved only by the present invention. Therefore, according to the present inventor, it is considered that the sound absorption coefficient of the present invention alone is more than the difference between the line 83 and the line 84 in FIG.
【００４２】上述の実施の形態において、腰掛２の表皮
材３は、吸音性に劣る材料となっているが、たとえばば
ね部材などのクッションが設けられている布張りの腰掛
に、上述の実施の形態における多孔板５９と吸音用空間
５７と繊維状吸音材６７とを設けることによって、同様
の効果を得ることができる。In the above-described embodiment, the skin material 3 of the stool 2 is a material having a poor sound absorbing property. However, for example, the above-described embodiment is applied to the upholstered stool provided with a cushion such as a spring member. By providing the perforated plate 59, the sound absorbing space 57, and the fibrous sound absorbing material 67 in the form, the same effect can be obtained.
【００４３】上述の実施の形態において、車両は鉄道車
両１としたが、これに限ることなく、バスなどの自動車
としてもよい。また上述の実施の形態の腰掛２は、船舶
および航空機などの客室に備えるようにしても、同様の
効果を得ることができる。In the above-described embodiment, the vehicle is the railway vehicle 1, but the vehicle is not limited to this and may be an automobile such as a bus. The same effect can be obtained even if the stool 2 of the above-described embodiment is provided in a passenger compartment such as a ship or an aircraft.
【００４４】[0044]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、鉄道車両の客室内の騒
音を、多孔板と吸音用空間との組合せによって吸音し、
騒音を低減することができ、快適な客室が実現される。According to the present invention, the noise in the passenger compartment of the railway vehicle is absorbed by the combination of the perforated plate and the sound absorbing space,
Noise can be reduced and comfortable guest rooms are realized.
【００４５】吸音用空間に繊維状吸音材を設け、また多
孔板を客室の床に対して傾斜することによって、広い周
波数範囲の騒音を、低減することができる。By providing a fibrous sound absorbing material in the sound absorbing space and inclining the perforated plate with respect to the floor of the passenger compartment, noise in a wide frequency range can be reduced.
【図１】本発明の実施の一形態の鉄道車両１の走行方向
（図１の紙面に垂直な方向）に垂直な切断面から見た腰
掛２の断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a seat 2 viewed from a cross section perpendicular to a traveling direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 1) of a railway vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】腰掛２の床付近の腰掛２の下方から見た簡略化
した斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a simplified perspective view of the stool 2 near the floor as seen from below the stool 2.
【図３】鉄道車両１の簡略化した平面図である。FIG. 3 is a simplified plan view of the railway vehicle 1.
【図４】図３のセクション１６を拡大して示す腰掛２の
腰掛本体３を示す簡略化した平面図である。FIG. 4 is a simplified plan view showing a stool body 3 of the stool 2 showing the section 16 of FIG. 3 in an enlarged manner.
【図５】多孔板５９の平面図である。FIG. 5 is a plan view of a perforated plate 59.
【図６】本発明の実施の他の形態の一部の断面図であ
る。FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の実施のさらに他の形態の多孔板７４の
一部の斜視図である。FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a part of a perforated plate 74 according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
【図８】本発明の実施のさらに他の形態の多孔板７８の
斜視図である。FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a perforated plate 78 according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】図１〜図８に示される各実施の形態における吸
音作用の原理を説明するための図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the principle of sound absorbing action in each of the embodiments shown in FIGS.
【図１０】吸音構造８１の吸音率αを説明するための図
である。10 is a diagram for explaining the sound absorption coefficient α of the sound absorbing structure 81. FIG.
【図１１】図１〜図５に示される本発明の実施の形態に
おける本件発明者の実験結果を示すグラフである。FIG. 11 is a graph showing an experimental result of the present inventor in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.
１ 鉄道車両 ２ 腰掛 ３ 表皮材 ５ 走行方向 ６ 客室 ７ 床 ８，９ 側壁 １０ 車体 １４ 端部材 １５ 支持部材 ５１ 着座部 ５７ 吸音用空間 ５９，７１，７４，７８ 多孔板 ６６ 貫通孔 ６７ 繊維状吸音材 ６９ 前端部 1 railway vehicle 2 stool 3 skin material 5 traveling direction 6 guest rooms 7 floors 8,9 Side wall 10 car body 14 End member 15 Support member 51 Seat 57 Sound absorption space 59,71,74,78 Perforated plate 66 through hole 67 Fibrous sound absorbing material 69 front end
Claims (8)
に、多孔板を取付け、この多孔板の上方に吸音用空間を
形成したことを特徴とする車両。1. A vehicle characterized in that a perforated plate is attached to a lower portion of a stool installed in a passenger compartment in a vehicle body, and a sound absorbing space is formed above the perforated plate.
属製または合成樹脂製のパンチングメタルであることを
特徴とする請求項１記載の車両。2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the perforated plate is a punching metal made of metal or synthetic resin in which a large number of through holes are formed.
ることを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の車両。3. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a fibrous sound absorbing material is provided in the sound absorbing space.
ックウールであることを特徴とする請求項３記載の車
両。4. The vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the fibrous sound absorbing material is glass wool or rock wool.
ら成ることを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の車両。5. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the seat cover material is made of synthetic resin or metal.
置されることを特徴とする請求項１〜５のいずれかに記
載の車両。6. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the perforated plate is arranged to be inclined with respect to the floor of the passenger compartment.
ように傾斜して配置されることを特徴とする請求項６記
載の車両。7. The vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the stool is arranged on the side wall of the passenger compartment, and the perforated plate is arranged so as to be inclined so as to become higher as it approaches the center of the passenger compartment in the width direction.
端部付近と床との上下間にわたって設けられることを特
徴とする請求項１記載の車両。8. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the perforated plate is provided below the seat, and between the vicinity of the front end of the seat and the upper and lower sides of the floor.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2002076982A JP3778864B2 (en) | 2002-03-19 | 2002-03-19 | vehicle |
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| JP2002076982A JP3778864B2 (en) | 2002-03-19 | 2002-03-19 | vehicle |
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| JP3778864B2 JP3778864B2 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2002076982A Expired - Fee Related JP3778864B2 (en) | 2002-03-19 | 2002-03-19 | vehicle |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2880310A1 (en) | 2005-01-03 | 2006-07-07 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Seat e.g. rear seat, for e.g. car, has part located between orifices of reinforcement units` cavities and external atmosphere to constitute upholstery part for forming thin layer to establish communication between cavities and cab interior |
| JP2006219061A (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-24 | Univ Chuo | Method and structure for reducing cabin noise in rolling stock |
| FR2899537A1 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2007-10-12 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Sound absorbing device for e.g. bench seat of motor vehicle, has sheet made of thermoformable or porous acoustic material and thermoformed to obtain hemispherical, parallelepiped and pyramidal shapes constituting resonators, respectively |
| FR2917056A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-12 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Fascia for being fixed under windscreen in automobile, has cross-sectional ribs absorbing noise produced in zone located under fascia, where each rib includes plane wall provided with micro perforations perpendicular to ribs |
| JP2009046062A (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2009-03-05 | Nippon Sharyo Seizo Kaisha Ltd | Railway vehicle |
-
2002
- 2002-03-19 JP JP2002076982A patent/JP3778864B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2880310A1 (en) | 2005-01-03 | 2006-07-07 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Seat e.g. rear seat, for e.g. car, has part located between orifices of reinforcement units` cavities and external atmosphere to constitute upholstery part for forming thin layer to establish communication between cavities and cab interior |
| JP2006219061A (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-24 | Univ Chuo | Method and structure for reducing cabin noise in rolling stock |
| FR2899537A1 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2007-10-12 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Sound absorbing device for e.g. bench seat of motor vehicle, has sheet made of thermoformable or porous acoustic material and thermoformed to obtain hemispherical, parallelepiped and pyramidal shapes constituting resonators, respectively |
| FR2917056A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-12 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Fascia for being fixed under windscreen in automobile, has cross-sectional ribs absorbing noise produced in zone located under fascia, where each rib includes plane wall provided with micro perforations perpendicular to ribs |
| JP2009046062A (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2009-03-05 | Nippon Sharyo Seizo Kaisha Ltd | Railway vehicle |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3778864B2 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
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