JP2003195343A - Stacked type liquid crystal display element - Google Patents
Stacked type liquid crystal display elementInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003195343A JP2003195343A JP2001394239A JP2001394239A JP2003195343A JP 2003195343 A JP2003195343 A JP 2003195343A JP 2001394239 A JP2001394239 A JP 2001394239A JP 2001394239 A JP2001394239 A JP 2001394239A JP 2003195343 A JP2003195343 A JP 2003195343A
- Authority
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- crystal display
- substrate
- substrates
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、積層型液晶表示素
子に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a multi-layer liquid crystal display device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】液晶表示素子は、基本的に一対の基板と
これら基板間に挟持された液晶層とを含んでいる。この
液晶層に駆動電圧を印加することで液晶分子の配列を制
御し、素子に入射される外光を変調して目的とする画像
の表示等を行う。2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display element basically includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between these substrates. By applying a drive voltage to the liquid crystal layer, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled, and the external light incident on the device is modulated to display a desired image.
【０００３】液晶表示方式は様々なものが提案されてい
る。近年、ネマティック液晶にカイラル材料を添加する
ことにより、室温においてコレステリック相を示すよう
にしたカイラルネマティック液晶などのコレステリック
相を示す液晶を用いた液晶表示素子が研究されている。Various liquid crystal display systems have been proposed. In recent years, a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal exhibiting a cholesteric phase such as a chiral nematic liquid crystal which exhibits a cholesteric phase at room temperature by adding a chiral material to nematic liquid crystal has been studied.
【０００４】このタイプの液晶表示素子は、例えば、カ
イラルネマティック液晶の選択反射能を利用した低消費
電力駆動可能の反射型の液晶表示素子として用い得るこ
とが知られている。It is known that this type of liquid crystal display element can be used as a reflection type liquid crystal display element which can be driven with low power consumption by utilizing the selective reflection ability of chiral nematic liquid crystal.
【０００５】このような反射型液晶表示素子では高低の
パルス電圧を印加することにより液晶をプレーナ状態
（着色状態）とフォーカルコニック状態（透明状態）に
切り替えて表示を行なうことができる。かかる液晶表示
素子では、通常、液晶層に複数の画素が形成される。こ
の場合、複数の画素それぞれで前記の表示が可能であ
る。In such a reflective liquid crystal display device, by applying high and low pulse voltages, the liquid crystal can be switched between a planar state (colored state) and a focal conic state (transparent state) for display. In such a liquid crystal display element, a plurality of pixels are usually formed in the liquid crystal layer. In this case, the above display is possible with each of the plurality of pixels.
【０００６】例えば、フルカラー表示を実現する一つの
方法として、それぞれが一対の基板間に挟持された、赤
色表示を行う赤色液晶層、緑色表示を行う緑色液晶層及
び青色表示を行う青色液晶層の少なくとも三つの液晶層
を重ねた積層型液晶表示素子を採用することができる。
このような積層型液晶表示素子では、各液晶層について
複数の画素が形成されている場合、該複数の液晶層の間
で、それぞれの液晶層に形成された複数の画素が互いに
重なり整合するとき良好な表示が行われる。For example, as one method for realizing full-color display, a red liquid crystal layer for red display, a green liquid crystal layer for green display, and a blue liquid crystal layer for blue display, which are respectively sandwiched between a pair of substrates, are provided. A laminated liquid crystal display device in which at least three liquid crystal layers are stacked can be adopted.
In such a multi-layer liquid crystal display device, when a plurality of pixels are formed for each liquid crystal layer, when a plurality of pixels formed in each liquid crystal layer are overlapped and aligned with each other between the plurality of liquid crystal layers. Good display is provided.
【０００７】ところで、一対の基板間に挟持された液晶
層を含む液晶表示素子では、液晶層を構成する液晶材料
は、通常、一対の基板間周縁部のシールにより基板間に
封入される。該シールは通常基板間に挟着されるシール
壁によりなされる。By the way, in a liquid crystal display element including a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of substrates, the liquid crystal material forming the liquid crystal layer is usually sealed between the substrates by a seal at the peripheral edge portion between the pair of substrates. The seal is usually made by a seal wall sandwiched between the substrates.
【０００８】かかる液晶表示素子の製造方法として、図
１０に例示するように、一対の基板Ｓ1 、Ｓ2 のいずれ
か（図示例ではＳ1 ）に接着剤を兼ねるシール材ＳＬを
形成しておき、台ＢＳ上に載置した一方の基板Ｓ2 の一
方の端部に液晶材料ＬＣを配置し、その上に他方の基板
Ｓ1 の一方の端部を重ね合わせ、該両基板をローラ等の
部材ＲＬで台ＢＳとの間に挟着しつつ前記一方の端部か
ら他方の端部へと液晶材料ＬＣを両基板間に押し広げ配
置しつつ両基板を貼り合わせていく方法がある。両基板
の貼り合わせにあたっては必要に応じて加熱されること
もある。なお、図示例では基板Ｓ1 に基板間ギャップを
決定するスペーサを予め配置してあり、基板Ｓ2 に基板
間ギャップを維持する、全体の強度を保持する等の目的
の樹脂構造物を予め配置してある。As a method of manufacturing such a liquid crystal display element, as shown in FIG. 10, a sealing material SL also serving as an adhesive is formed on one of a pair of substrates S 1 and S 2 (S 1 in the illustrated example). Then, the liquid crystal material LC is placed on one end of one substrate S 2 placed on the table BS, and one end of the other substrate S 1 is superposed on the liquid crystal material LC. There is a method in which the liquid crystal material LC is spread between the two substrates from one end to the other end while being sandwiched by the member RL with the base BS, and the two substrates are bonded together. When bonding the two substrates, they may be heated as necessary. In the illustrated example, spacers for determining the inter-substrate gap are pre-arranged on the substrate S 1 , and resin structures for the purpose of maintaining the inter-substrate gap, maintaining the overall strength, etc. are pre-arranged on the substrate S 2. I am doing it.
【０００９】かかる液晶材料の基板間配置を同時的に行
う基板貼り合わせ及びシール壁の硬化により液晶表示素
子を得ることができる。A liquid crystal display device can be obtained by simultaneously laminating the liquid crystal material between the substrates and bonding the substrates and curing the seal wall.
【００１０】このようにして作製した液晶表示素子であ
って、例えば赤色表示用素子、緑色表示用素子及び青色
表示用素子を積層してフルカラー表示可能の積層型液晶
表示素子を得ることもできる。In the liquid crystal display element thus manufactured, for example, a red display element, a green display element, and a blue display element can be laminated to obtain a full-color display type laminated liquid crystal display element.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、かかる
液晶材料の基板間配置を伴う基板貼り合わせによると、
未硬化のシール壁材と液晶材料が接触するため、液晶材
料に不純物が混入して液晶表示素子、或いは積層型液晶
表示素子の表示特性の劣化を招く恐れがある。However, according to the substrate bonding with the arrangement of the liquid crystal material between the substrates,
Since the uncured seal wall material and the liquid crystal material are in contact with each other, impurities may be mixed in the liquid crystal material, which may cause deterioration of display characteristics of the liquid crystal display element or the multi-layer liquid crystal display element.
【００１２】さらに、両基板貼り合わせ時に両基板間に
押し広げられていく液晶材料の一部がシール壁外へ流出
してシール壁に沿った外側の部分やさらに回り込んで基
板外面にも付着するために、積層型液晶表示素子を作る
場合、個々の液晶表示素子についてそれらを積層する前
に該流出付着した液晶材料を十分除去する手間のかかる
工程が必要となる。しかる後に複数の液晶表示素子を積
層して積層型液晶表示素子としなければならない。Further, a part of the liquid crystal material, which is spread between both substrates at the time of bonding the two substrates, flows out of the seal wall and wraps around the seal wall or the outer part along the seal wall to adhere to the outer surface of the substrate. Therefore, in the case of manufacturing a multi-layer liquid crystal display element, a laborious process of sufficiently removing the liquid crystal material that has flowed out and adhered to each of the individual liquid crystal display elements is required before stacking them. Then, a plurality of liquid crystal display elements must be laminated to form a laminated liquid crystal display element.
【００１３】よって全体として積層型液晶表示素子の製
造に極めて手間を要することになる。Therefore, it takes a lot of time and effort to manufacture the multi-layer liquid crystal display element as a whole.
【００１４】そこで本発明者は、前記の液晶材料の基板
間配置を伴う基板貼り合わせ法による液晶表示素子製造
方法に代わる方法として、予め対向する一対の基板の周
縁部を少なくとも一つの外部に連通開口する液晶材料注
入口部を残してシールした空セルを形成し、該空セルに
その注入口部から液晶材料を真空注入して液晶表示素子
を得る方法、さらにはこのようにして得た複数の液晶表
示素子を積層して積層型液晶表示素子を得る方法（例え
ば赤色表示用素子、緑色表示用素子、青色表示用素子を
積層してフルカラー表示可能の積層型液晶表示素子を得
る方法）を研究している。Therefore, the present inventor communicates the peripheral portions of a pair of opposed substrates to at least one outside in advance as an alternative method to the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element by the substrate bonding method involving the inter-substrate arrangement of the liquid crystal material. A method for forming a sealed empty cell leaving an opening for a liquid crystal material injection port, and vacuum-injecting a liquid crystal material into the empty cell from the injection port to obtain a liquid crystal display element To obtain a laminated liquid crystal display element by laminating liquid crystal display elements (for example, a method for laminating a red display element, a green display element, and a blue display element to obtain a full-color display capable laminated liquid crystal display element). I am studying.
【００１５】また、対向する一対の基板の周縁部を少な
くとも一つの外部に連通開口する液晶材料注入口部を残
してシールした複数の空セルを重ね合わせて積層型空セ
ルを形成した後、各空セルにその注入口部から液晶材料
を真空注入することで積層型液晶表示素子を得る方法も
研究している。いずれにしても前記一対の基板としてフ
ィルム基板を用いることがある。Further, after stacking a plurality of vacant cells in which the peripheral portions of a pair of opposed substrates are sealed while leaving at least one liquid crystal material injection port communicating with the outside to form a laminated vacant cell, We are also researching a method for obtaining a multi-layer liquid crystal display device by vacuum-injecting a liquid crystal material into an empty cell through the injection port. In any case, a film substrate may be used as the pair of substrates.
【００１６】このように空セルを利用する液晶表示素子
の製造方法によると、ａ）液晶材料へのシール壁材等の
不純物の混入が十分抑制される、ｂ）シール外への液晶
材料のはみ出しが抑制され、それだけ後の洗浄工程が簡
易になる等利点が多い。According to the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element using an empty cell as described above, a) the contamination of impurities such as a seal wall material into the liquid crystal material is sufficiently suppressed, and b) the protrusion of the liquid crystal material outside the seal. Is suppressed, and the subsequent cleaning process is simplified accordingly.
【００１７】また、積層型空セルを用いる積層型液晶表
示素子製造方法によると、個々の液晶表示素子を製作
し、これらを貼り合わせて積層型液晶表示素子とする場
合に比べ、液晶材料を注入後に個々の液晶表示素子部分
に押圧力等による不要なストレスが加わり難く、また、
時間のかかる液晶材料注入工程前である積層型空セルを
形成する段階で不良空セルを予め除くことや、不良の積
層型空セルを予め除くことが可能であり、それだけ効率
よく積層型液晶表示素子を製作することができる等の利
点がある。Further, according to the method of manufacturing a laminated liquid crystal display element using a laminated empty cell, a liquid crystal material is injected as compared with a case where individual liquid crystal display elements are manufactured and then laminated to form a laminated liquid crystal display element. Unnecessary stress due to pressing force is less likely to be applied to individual liquid crystal display elements later.
It is possible to remove defective empty cells in advance at the stage of forming the laminated empty cells before the time-consuming liquid crystal material injection process, or to remove defective defective empty cells in advance. There is an advantage that the element can be manufactured.
【００１８】しかし、空セルを利用して液晶表示素子や
積層型液晶表示素子を作製する場合、真空注入する液晶
材料の粘度が高いと空セルへの注入に長い時間を要す
る。基板としてフィルム基板を用いる場合、特にフィル
ム基板が薄いと、真空注入に必要な基板の復元力が弱い
ため、注入に要する時間はさらに長くなる。従って注入
に要する時間を考えるとフィルム基板は厚くするほうが
有利である。However, in the case of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element or a multi-layer liquid crystal display element using an empty cell, it takes a long time to inject into the empty cell if the liquid crystal material to be injected in vacuum has a high viscosity. When a film substrate is used as the substrate, particularly when the film substrate is thin, the time required for the injection becomes longer because the restoring force of the substrate required for vacuum injection is weak. Therefore, considering the time required for injection, it is advantageous to make the film substrate thick.
【００１９】一方、それぞれが一対の基板間に挟持さ
れ、可視光選択反射特性を有する複数の液晶層を重ねた
積層型液晶表示素子においては、複数の液晶層のそれぞ
れに複数の画素が形成されている場合、該複数の液晶層
の間で、それぞれの液晶層に形成された複数の画素がず
れると積層型液晶表示素子全体として見たときに画素ず
れとなって表示され、表示画像品質の低下につながる。
たとえ正面から観察して画素ずれが全くなくても、斜め
から観察した場合、各隣り合う液晶層間の距離が大きけ
れば大きいほど、換言すれば各隣り合う液晶層間に位置
する基板が厚ければ厚いほど、各隣り合う液晶層間で画
素が大きくずれて見えることになる。従って素子を斜め
から観察したときの画素ずれを考えると各隣り合う液晶
層間の距離は小さい方が望ましい、換言すれば各隣り合
う液晶層間に位置する基板は薄い方が望ましい。On the other hand, in a multi-layer liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers each of which is sandwiched between a pair of substrates and has a visible light selective reflection characteristic are stacked, a plurality of pixels are formed in each of the plurality of liquid crystal layers. In this case, if a plurality of pixels formed in each of the liquid crystal layers are deviated between the plurality of liquid crystal layers, they are displayed as a pixel deviation when viewed as a whole of the multi-layer liquid crystal display element. Lead to a decline.
Even if there is no pixel shift when observed from the front, when observed obliquely, the greater the distance between the adjacent liquid crystal layers, in other words, the thicker the substrate located between the adjacent liquid crystal layers. As a result, the pixels appear to be significantly displaced between the adjacent liquid crystal layers. Therefore, considering the pixel shift when the device is obliquely observed, it is preferable that the distance between the adjacent liquid crystal layers is small, in other words, the substrate located between the adjacent liquid crystal layers is preferably thin.
【００２０】本発明は、それぞれが一対のフィルム基板
間に挟持され、可視光選択反射特性を有する複数の液晶
層を重ねた積層型液晶表示素子であって、基板間に液晶
材料を速く真空注入して効率よく製造できる積層型液晶
表示素子を提供することを課題とする。The present invention is a multi-layer liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers each having a visible light selective reflection characteristic are stacked, each sandwiched between a pair of film substrates, and a liquid crystal material is quickly vacuum-injected between the substrates. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-layer liquid crystal display element that can be efficiently manufactured by performing
【００２１】ここで真空注入とは、空セル内を減圧した
うえで空セルに設けられている液晶材料注入口部に液晶
材料を配置し、配置された液晶材料の周囲雰囲気を空セ
ル内より高圧に設定して空セル内へ液晶材料を注入する
方法である。The term "vacuum injection" as used herein means that after decompressing the inside of an empty cell, a liquid crystal material is placed at a liquid crystal material injection port provided in the empty cell, and the surrounding atmosphere of the placed liquid crystal material is controlled from the inside of the empty cell. This is a method of setting a high pressure and injecting a liquid crystal material into an empty cell.
【００２２】また本発明は、それぞれが一対のフィルム
基板間に挟持され、可視光選択反射特性を有する複数の
液晶層を重ねた積層型液晶表示素子であって、前記複数
の液晶層のそれぞれについて複数の画素が形成されてい
る場合でも、素子を斜めから観察したときの画素ずれが
抑制され、それだけ表示画像品質良好な積層型液晶表示
素子を提供することを課題とする。Further, the present invention is a multi-layer liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers each having a visible light selective reflection characteristic are stacked, each sandwiched between a pair of film substrates, wherein each of the plurality of liquid crystal layers is provided. Even when a plurality of pixels are formed, it is an object to provide a multi-layer liquid crystal display element in which a pixel shift when the element is obliquely observed is suppressed and the display image quality is as good as that.
【００２３】[0023]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記課題を解決するため
本発明は、次の積層型液晶表示素子を提供する。
（１）積層型液晶表示素子
（１−１）第１の積層型液晶表示素子
それぞれが一対のフィルム基板間に挟持され、可視光選
択反射特性を有する液晶層を複数重ねた積層型液晶表示
素子において、各隣り合う液晶層間に位置するフィルム
基板は２枚であり、最も外側に位置する各フィルム基板
の厚さが１８０μｍ以上で、且つ、各隣り合う液晶層間
に位置する２枚のフィルム基板の厚さの合計が２４０μ
ｍ以下である積層型液晶表示素子。
（１−２）第２の積層型液晶表示素子
それぞれが一対のフィルム基板間に挟持され、可視光選
択反射特性を有する液晶層を複数重ねた積層型液晶表示
素子において、前記複数の液晶層のそれぞれについて複
数の画素が所定の画素ピッチで形成されており、最も外
側に位置する各フィルム基板の厚さが１８０μｍ以上
で、且つ、各隣り合う液晶層間の距離が前記画素ピッチ
の２．５倍以下である積層型液晶表示素子。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following multilayer liquid crystal display device. (1) Multi-Layer Liquid Crystal Display Element (1-1) First Multi-Layer Liquid Crystal Display Element Each of the first multi-layer liquid crystal display elements is sandwiched between a pair of film substrates, and a multi-layer liquid crystal display element in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers having visible light selective reflection characteristics are stacked. In the above, the number of film substrates located between each adjacent liquid crystal layer is two, and the thickness of each outermost film substrate is 180 μm or more, and the two film substrates located between each adjacent liquid crystal layer are Total thickness is 240μ
A multi-layer liquid crystal display device having a thickness of m or less. (1-2) In the laminated liquid crystal display element in which each of the second laminated liquid crystal display elements is sandwiched between a pair of film substrates, and a plurality of liquid crystal layers having visible light selective reflection characteristics are stacked, A plurality of pixels are formed for each of them with a predetermined pixel pitch, the thickness of each outermost film substrate is 180 μm or more, and the distance between adjacent liquid crystal layers is 2.5 times the pixel pitch. The following is a multi-layer liquid crystal display device.
【００２４】本発明に係る第１及び第２の積層型液晶表
示素子としては、積層型空セル、例えば、対向する一対
のフィルム基板の周縁部を少なくとも一つの外部に連通
開口する液晶材料注入口部を残してシールした複数の空
セルが重ね合わされた積層型空セルを用い、該積層型空
セルの各空セルにその液晶材料注入口部から該空セル用
の液晶材料を真空注入する製造方法によって得られるも
のを例示できる。The first and second multi-layer liquid crystal display elements according to the present invention include a multi-layer empty cell, for example, a liquid crystal material injection port that opens the peripheral portions of a pair of opposed film substrates to at least one outside. Using a laminated empty cell in which a plurality of sealed empty cells are stacked, and a liquid crystal material for the empty cell is vacuum-injected into each empty cell of the laminated empty cell from its liquid crystal material injection port. The thing obtained by the method can be illustrated.
【００２５】本発明に係る第１及び第２の積層型液晶表
示素子が積層型空セルを用いて得られるものであると
き、かかる積層型空セルとして次のものを例示できる。
（２）積層型空セル
（２−１）第１の積層型空セル
対向する一対のフィルム基板の周縁部を少なくとも一つ
の外部に連通開口する液晶材料注入口部を残してシール
した複数の空セルが重ね合わされた積層型空セルにおい
て、各隣り合う空セル間に位置するフィルム基板は２枚
であり、最も外側に位置する各フィルム基板の厚さが１
８０μｍ以上で、且つ、各隣り合う空セル間に位置する
２枚のフィルム基板の厚さの合計が２４０μｍ以下であ
る積層型空セル。
（２−２）第２の積層型空セル
対向する一対のフィルム基板の周縁部を少なくとも一つ
の外部に連通開口する液晶材料注入口部を残してシール
した複数の空セルが重ね合わされた積層型空セルにおい
て、前記複数の空セルはそれぞれ複数の画素が所定の画
素ピッチで形成され得るものであり、最も外側に位置す
る各フィルム基板の厚さが１８０μｍ以上で、且つ、各
隣り合う空セル内空間部（液晶層となる部分）間の距離
が前記画素ピッチの２．５倍以下である積層型空セル。When the first and second multi-layer liquid crystal display elements according to the present invention are obtained by using the multi-layer empty cell, the following can be exemplified as the multi-layer empty cell. (2) Stacked empty cell (2-1) First stacked empty cell A plurality of sealed cells leaving a liquid crystal material injection port communicating with at least one peripheral edge of a pair of opposing film substrates. In a laminated empty cell in which cells are stacked, two film substrates are located between adjacent empty cells, and the thickness of each outermost film substrate is 1
A laminated empty cell having a thickness of 80 μm or more, and a total thickness of two film substrates located between adjacent empty cells is 240 μm or less. (2-2) Second laminated empty cell Laminated type in which a plurality of empty cells that are sealed by leaving a pair of opposed film substrates facing each other with at least one liquid crystal material injection port that is open to the outside are stacked. In the empty cells, a plurality of pixels can be formed at a predetermined pixel pitch in each of the empty cells, and the thickness of each outermost film substrate is 180 μm or more, and each adjacent empty cell. A stacked empty cell in which a distance between inner space portions (portions to be liquid crystal layers) is 2.5 times or less the pixel pitch.
【００２６】本発明に係る第１及び第２の積層型液晶表
示素子は、次のいずれかの製造方法によって得ることが
できる。
（３）積層型液晶表示素子の製造方法
（３−１）第１の製造方法
対向する一対のフィルム基板の周縁部を少なくとも一つ
の外部に連通開口する液晶材料注入口部を残してシール
した複数の空セルが重ね合わされた積層型空セルであっ
て各隣り合う空セル間に位置するフィルム基板は２枚で
あり、最も外側に位置する各フィルム基板の厚さが１８
０μｍ以上で、且つ、各隣り合う空セル間に位置する２
枚のフィルム基板の厚さの合計が２４０μｍ以下である
積層型空セルを形成する積層型空セル形成工程と、前記
積層型空セルを構成する各空セルにその液晶材料注入口
部から該空セル用の液晶材料を真空注入する液晶材料注
入工程とを含む積層型液晶表示素子の製造方法。The first and second multilayer liquid crystal display elements according to the present invention can be obtained by any of the following manufacturing methods. (3) Method of manufacturing multi-layer liquid crystal display element (3-1) First method of manufacturing A plurality of film substrates are sealed with a peripheral edge of a pair of opposed film substrates leaving at least one liquid crystal material injection port communicating with the outside. Is a laminated type empty cell in which the empty cells are stacked, and the number of film substrates located between each adjacent empty cells is two, and the thickness of each film substrate located on the outermost side is 18
0 μm or more and located between adjacent empty cells 2
A laminated empty cell forming step of forming a laminated empty cell in which the total thickness of the film substrates is 240 μm or less, and each empty cell constituting the laminated empty cell is filled from the liquid crystal material injection port to the empty cell. A method for manufacturing a multi-layer liquid crystal display device, comprising a step of injecting a liquid crystal material for a cell under vacuum.
【００２７】この製造方法において、前記積層型空セル
形成工程は、例えば、複数種類の所定厚さの複数のフィ
ルム基板を準備する基板準備工程と、対向する一対のフ
ィルム基板の周縁部を少なくとも一つの外部に連通開口
する液晶材料注入口部を残してシールした空セルを形成
する工程であって前記所定厚さの複数のフィルム基板の
うちの一対のフィルム基板の少なくとも一方に接着剤を
兼ねるシール材を、外部に連通開口する液晶材料注入口
部を残して設けるシール材配置工程と、前記少なくとも
一方にシール材が設けられた両基板を、該シール材を間
にして貼り合わせていく基板貼り合わせ工程とを含む空
セル形成工程と、前記空セル形成工程にて形成された複
数の空セルを、最も外側に位置する各フィルム基板の厚
さが１８０μｍ以上になるように、且つ、各隣り合う空
セル間に位置する２枚のフィルム基板の厚さの合計が２
４０μｍ以下になるように積層する空セル積層工程とを
含むものを挙げることができる。
（３−２）第２の製造方法
対向する一対のフィルム基板の周縁部を少なくとも一つ
の外部に連通開口する液晶材料注入口部を残してシール
した複数の空セルが重ね合わされた積層型空セルであっ
て前記複数の空セルはそれぞれ複数の画素が所定の画素
ピッチで形成され得るものであり、最も外側に位置する
各フィルム基板の厚さが１８０μｍ以上で、且つ、各隣
り合う空セル内空間部間の距離が前記画素ピッチの２．
５倍以下である積層型空セルを形成する積層型空セル形
成工程と、前記積層型空セルを構成する各空セルにその
液晶材料注入口部から該空セル用の液晶材料を真空注入
する液晶材料注入工程とを含む積層型液晶表示素子の製
造方法。In this manufacturing method, the laminated empty cell forming step includes, for example, a substrate preparing step of preparing a plurality of film substrates having a plurality of kinds of predetermined thicknesses, and at least one peripheral portion of a pair of opposing film substrates. A step of forming a sealed empty cell leaving a liquid crystal material injection port communicating with the outside of one of the plurality of film substrates having a predetermined thickness and also serving as an adhesive for at least one of a pair of film substrates A sealing material arranging step in which a sealing material is provided to leave a liquid crystal material injection port that is open to the outside, and both substrates having a sealing material provided on at least one of them are bonded with the sealing material in between. The empty cell forming step including the aligning step and the plurality of empty cells formed in the empty cell forming step have a thickness of each film substrate located at the outermost side of 180 μm or more. So that, and, the sum of the thicknesses of the two film substrate positioned between empty cells mutually each adjacent two
And the empty cell stacking step of stacking so as to have a thickness of 40 μm or less. (3-2) Second Manufacturing Method Laminated empty cell in which a plurality of empty cells sealed by leaving a pair of opposed film substrates sealed with a liquid crystal material injection port communicating with at least one outside open In the plurality of empty cells, a plurality of pixels can be formed at a predetermined pixel pitch, the outermost film substrates each have a thickness of 180 μm or more, and in each of the adjacent empty cells. The distance between the space parts is 2.
A laminated empty cell forming step of forming a laminated empty cell of 5 times or less, and a liquid crystal material for the empty cell is vacuum-injected into each empty cell forming the laminated empty cell from its liquid crystal material injection port. A method of manufacturing a multi-layer liquid crystal display device, which includes a liquid crystal material injection step.
【００２８】この製造方法において、前記積層型空セル
形成工程は、例えば、複数種類の所定厚さの複数のフィ
ルム基板を準備する基板準備工程と、対向する一対のフ
ィルム基板の周縁部を少なくとも一つの外部に連通開口
する液晶材料注入口部を残してシールした空セルを形成
する工程であって前記所定厚さの複数のフィルム基板の
うちの一対のフィルム基板の少なくとも一方に接着剤を
兼ねるシール材を、外部に連通開口する液晶材料注入口
部を残して設けるシール材配置工程と、前記少なくとも
一方にシール材が設けられた両基板を、該シール材を間
にして貼り合わせていく基板貼り合わせ工程とを含む空
セル形成工程と、前記空セル形成工程にて形成された複
数の空セルを、最も外側に位置する各フィルム基板の厚
さが１８０μｍ以上になるように、且つ、各隣り合う空
セル空間部間の距離が前記画素ピッチの２．５倍以下に
なるように積層する空セル積層工程とを含むものを挙げ
ることができる。In this manufacturing method, the laminated empty cell forming step includes, for example, a substrate preparing step of preparing a plurality of film substrates having a plurality of kinds of predetermined thicknesses, and at least one of the peripheral portions of the pair of opposing film substrates. A step of forming a sealed empty cell leaving a liquid crystal material injection port communicating with the outside of one of the plurality of film substrates having a predetermined thickness and also serving as an adhesive for at least one of a pair of film substrates A sealing material arranging step in which a sealing material is provided to leave a liquid crystal material injection port that is open to the outside, and both substrates having a sealing material provided on at least one of them are bonded with the sealing material in between. The empty cell forming step including the aligning step and the plurality of empty cells formed in the empty cell forming step have a thickness of each film substrate located at the outermost side of 180 μm or more. So that, and may include those the distance between empty cell space mutually respective neighboring and an empty cell lamination step of laminating to be less than 2.5 times the pixel pitch.
【００２９】また前記積層型空セル形成工程は、１又は
２種類以上の所定厚さの複数のフィルム基板を準備する
基板準備工程と、対向する一対のフィルム基板の周縁部
を少なくとも一つの外部に連通開口する液晶材料注入口
部を残してシールした空セルを形成する工程であって前
記所定厚さの複数のフィルム基板のうちの一対のフィル
ム基板の少なくとも一方に接着剤を兼ねるシール材を、
外部に連通開口する液晶材料注入口部を残して設けるシ
ール材配置工程と、前記少なくとも一方にシール材が設
けられた両基板を、該シール材を間にして貼り合わせて
いく基板貼り合わせ工程とを含む空セル形成工程とを含
み、さらに、前記空セル形成工程にて形成された空セル
を前記一対のフィルム基板のいずれか一方とみなすとと
もに次に貼り合わすべき前記所定厚さの複数の基板のう
ちの１枚のフィルム基板を前記他方の基板とみなして、
形成すべき積層型空セルにおいて最も外側に位置する各
フィルム基板の厚さが１８０μｍ以上になるように、且
つ、各隣り合う空セル空間部間の距離が前記画素ピッチ
の２．５倍以下になるように前記シール材配置工程及び
前記基板貼り合わせ工程を繰り返すことで既に形成され
た空セルに１枚ずつ次のフィルム基板を貼り合わせてい
き、積層型空セルを形成してもよい。In the laminated empty cell forming step, a substrate preparing step of preparing a plurality of film substrates having a predetermined thickness of one or more kinds, and a peripheral portion of a pair of film substrates facing each other are provided outside at least one outside. In the step of forming a sealed empty cell leaving a liquid crystal material injection port portion that is open for communication, at least one of a pair of film substrates of the plurality of film substrates of the predetermined thickness, a sealing material also serving as an adhesive,
A sealing material arranging step for leaving a liquid crystal material injection port that communicates with the outside, and a substrate bonding step for bonding both substrates provided with a sealing material on at least one of them with the sealing material in between. And the empty cell formed in the empty cell forming step is regarded as one of the pair of film substrates and a plurality of substrates having the predetermined thickness to be bonded next. Considering one of the film substrates as the other substrate,
In the laminated empty cell to be formed, the thickness of each outermost film substrate is 180 μm or more, and the distance between adjacent empty cell spaces is 2.5 times or less the pixel pitch. By repeating the sealing material arranging step and the substrate bonding step as described above, the next film substrate may be bonded one by one to the already formed empty cells to form a laminated empty cell.
【００３０】なお、前記の真空注入とは、前記積層型空
セルの各空セル内を減圧したうえで該各空セルに設けら
れている液晶材料注入口部に該空セル用の液晶材料を配
置し、該配置された液晶材料の周囲雰囲気を該各空セル
内より高圧に設定して該各空セル内へ液晶材料を注入す
る方法である。The vacuum injection means that the pressure inside each empty cell of the laminated empty cell is reduced and then the liquid crystal material for the empty cell is introduced into the liquid crystal material injection port provided in each empty cell. It is a method of arranging, and setting the ambient atmosphere of the arranged liquid crystal material to a higher pressure than in each of the empty cells and injecting the liquid crystal material into each of the empty cells.
【００３１】このように本発明に係る第１及び第２の積
層型液晶表示素子は、積層型空セルを用い、該積層型空
セルの各空セルにその注入口部から液晶材料を真空注入
する製造方法によって得られるものでもよいが、次のい
ずれかの製造方法によって得られるものでもよい。
（３−３）第３の製造方法
複数種類の所定厚さの複数のフィルム基板を準備する基
板準備工程と、一対のフィルム基板間に挟持され、可視
光選択反射特性を有する液晶層を含む液晶表示素子を形
成する工程であって前記所定厚さの複数の基板のうちの
一対のフィルム基板の少なくとも一方に接着剤を兼ねる
シール材を設けるシール材配置工程と、前記一対のフィ
ルム基板の少なくとも一方に液晶材料を配置する液晶材
料配置工程と、前記少なくとも一方にシール材が形成さ
れ、少なくとも一方に液晶材料が配置された両基板を、
該液晶材料を該両基板間に広げつつ該シール材及び該液
晶材料を間にして貼り合わせていく基板貼り合わせ工程
とを含む液晶表示素子形成工程と、前記液晶表示素子形
成工程にて形成された複数の液晶表示素子を、最も外側
に位置する各フィルム基板の厚さが１８０μｍ以上にな
るように、且つ、各隣り合う液晶層間に位置する２枚の
フィルム基板の厚さの合計が２４０μｍ以下になるよう
に積層する液晶表示素子積層工程とを含む積層型液晶表
示素子の製造方法。
（３−４）第４の製造方法
複数種類の所定厚さの複数のフィルム基板を準備する基
板準備工程と、一対のフィルム基板間に挟持され、可視
光選択反射特性を有する液晶層を含み、前記液晶層につ
いて複数の画素が所定のピッチで形成されている液晶表
示素子を形成する工程であって前記所定厚さの複数の基
板のうちの一対のフィルム基板の少なくとも一方に接着
剤を兼ねるシール材を設けるシール材配置工程と、前記
一対のフィルム基板の少なくとも一方に液晶材料を配置
する液晶材料配置工程と、前記少なくとも一方にシール
材が形成され、少なくとも一方に液晶材料が配置された
両基板を、該液晶材料を該両基板間に広げつつ該シール
材及び該液晶材料を間にして貼り合わせていく基板貼り
合わせ工程とを含む液晶表示素子形成工程と、前記液晶
表示素子形成工程にて形成された複数の液晶表示素子
を、最も外側に位置する各フィルム基板の厚さが１８０
μｍ以上になるように、且つ、各隣り合う液晶層間の距
離が前記画素ピッチの２．５倍以下になるように積層す
る液晶表示素子積層工程とを含む積層型液晶表示素子の
製造方法。As described above, the first and second multi-layer liquid crystal display elements according to the present invention use the multi-layer empty cells, and the liquid crystal material is vacuum-injected into the respective empty cells of the multi-layer empty cells from the injection port. However, it may be obtained by any one of the following production methods. (3-3) Third Manufacturing Method A liquid crystal including a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of film substrates and having a visible light selective reflection property, and a substrate preparing step of preparing a plurality of film substrates having a plurality of kinds of predetermined thicknesses. In the step of forming a display element, a sealing material disposing step of providing a sealing material that also serves as an adhesive on at least one of a pair of film substrates of the plurality of substrates having the predetermined thickness, and at least one of the pair of film substrates. A liquid crystal material arranging step of arranging a liquid crystal material in
A liquid crystal display element forming step including a step of adhering the liquid crystal material between the substrates while adhering the liquid crystal material with the sealant and the liquid crystal material in between, and the liquid crystal display element forming step. In addition, the plurality of liquid crystal display elements are arranged such that the outermost film substrates have a thickness of 180 μm or more, and the total thickness of the two film substrates located between the adjacent liquid crystal layers is 240 μm or less. A method of manufacturing a multi-layer liquid crystal display element, the method including: (3-4) Fourth manufacturing method including a substrate preparation step of preparing a plurality of film substrates having a plurality of types of predetermined thicknesses, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of film substrates and having visible light selective reflection characteristics, A step of forming a liquid crystal display element in which a plurality of pixels are formed at a predetermined pitch on the liquid crystal layer, and a seal which also serves as an adhesive on at least one of a pair of film substrates of the plurality of substrates having the predetermined thickness. A sealing material arranging step of providing a sealing material, a liquid crystal material arranging step of arranging a liquid crystal material on at least one of the pair of film substrates, and both substrates on which a sealing material is formed on at least one side and a liquid crystal material is arranged on at least one side And a liquid crystal display element forming step including a substrate bonding step of bonding the liquid crystal material between the substrates while spreading the liquid crystal material between the substrates. Serial liquid crystal display device forming a plurality of liquid crystal display device formed in step, the thickness of each film substrate located on the outermost side 180
A method for manufacturing a multi-layer liquid crystal display element, which comprises a step of laminating liquid crystal display elements such that the distance between adjacent liquid crystal layers is 2.5 μm or more and the distance between adjacent liquid crystal layers is 2.5 times or less the pixel pitch.
【００３２】本発明に係る第１の積層型液晶表示素子並
びに前記第１の積層型空セル及び前記第１、第３の製造
方法によって得られる積層型液晶表示素子では、前記複
数の液晶層のそれぞれについて複数の画素が形成されて
いてもよい。In the first multi-layer liquid crystal display element according to the present invention, the first multi-layer empty cell, and the multi-layer liquid crystal display element obtained by the first and third manufacturing methods, A plurality of pixels may be formed for each.
【００３３】いずれにしても、前記複数の液晶層のそれ
ぞれについて複数の画素が形成されている場合、前記複
数の液晶層を挟持している一対のフィルム基板、或いは
前記空セルを構成する一対のフィルム基板は、それら基
板の対向する面のそれぞれに間隔をおいて所定方向に平
行に並んだ複数の帯状の電極が所定のピッチで、且つ、
両基板を基板面に垂直な方向から見たときそれら帯状電
極が互いに交差するように形成されていてもよい。こう
することで前記各帯状電極の交差する部分で前記複数の
画素が形成される。In any case, when a plurality of pixels are formed for each of the plurality of liquid crystal layers, a pair of film substrates sandwiching the plurality of liquid crystal layers or a pair of film cells forming the empty cell are formed. The film substrate has a plurality of strip-shaped electrodes arranged in parallel in a predetermined direction at intervals on respective opposing surfaces of the substrate at a predetermined pitch, and
The strip electrodes may be formed so as to intersect each other when the two substrates are viewed from the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface. By doing so, the plurality of pixels are formed at the intersections of the strip electrodes.
【００３４】前記第１及び第２の製造方法の空セル形成
工程並びに前記第３及び第４の製造方法の液晶表示素子
形成工程は、前記一対のフィルム基板のそれぞれに間隔
をおいて所定方向に平行に並んだ複数の帯状の電極を所
定のピッチで形成する電極形成工程を含んでいてもよ
い。この場合、前記基板貼り合わせ工程では、前記帯状
電極が形成された両基板を、該両基板上の帯状電極が基
板面に垂直な方向から見て互いに交差するように貼り合
わせていけばよい。In the empty cell forming step of the first and second manufacturing methods and the liquid crystal display element forming step of the third and fourth manufacturing methods, the pair of film substrates are spaced apart from each other in a predetermined direction. An electrode forming step of forming a plurality of strip-shaped electrodes arranged in parallel at a predetermined pitch may be included. In this case, in the substrate bonding step, both substrates on which the belt-shaped electrodes are formed may be bonded so that the belt-shaped electrodes on the both substrates intersect each other when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface.
【００３５】前記第１から第４の製造方法では、前記基
板貼り合わせ工程の両基板の貼り合わせにあたっては必
要に応じて両基板を加熱してもよい。前記空セル形成工
程及び前記液晶表示素子形成工程は、前記一対のフィル
ム基板の少なくとも一方に基板間ギャップを決定するス
ペーサを配置する工程を含んでいてもよいし、前記一対
のフィルム基板の少なくとも一方に基板間ギャップを維
持する、全体の強度を保持する等の目的の樹脂構造物を
配置する工程を含んでいてもよい。In the first to fourth manufacturing methods, both substrates may be heated as necessary when the two substrates are bonded in the substrate bonding step. The empty cell forming step and the liquid crystal display element forming step may include a step of disposing a spacer that determines a gap between the substrates on at least one of the pair of film substrates, and at least one of the pair of film substrates. The step of arranging a resin structure for the purpose of maintaining the gap between the substrates and maintaining the overall strength may be included.
【００３６】本発明に係る第１の積層型液晶表示素子並
びに前記第１の積層型空セル及び前記第１、第３の製造
方法によって得られる積層型液晶表示素子によると、素
子を斜めから観察したときの画素ずれに影響する各隣り
合う液晶層間部分に存在する２枚のフィルム基板は、厚
さの合計が２４０μｍ以下と比較的薄いので、前記複数
の液晶層のそれぞれについて複数の画素が形成されてい
る場合でも、素子を斜めから観察したときの画素ずれが
抑制され、それだけ表示画像品質が良好である。According to the first multi-layer liquid crystal display element, the first multi-layer empty cell, and the multi-layer liquid crystal display element obtained by the first and third manufacturing methods according to the present invention, the elements are observed obliquely. Since the two film substrates existing in the respective adjacent liquid crystal layer portions that affect the pixel shift at the time of being relatively thin with a total thickness of 240 μm or less, a plurality of pixels are formed for each of the plurality of liquid crystal layers. Even when it is displayed, the pixel shift when the device is obliquely observed is suppressed, and the display image quality is good.
【００３７】さらに、本発明に係る第１の積層型液晶表
示素子並びに前記第１の積層型空セル及び前記第１の製
造方法によって得られる積層型液晶表示素子によると、
前記の画素ずれに影響しない最も外側は、それぞれの厚
さが１８０μｍ以上と比較的厚いフィルム基板で構成さ
れているので、基板間に液晶材料を速く真空注入して効
率よく製造できる。Further, according to the first multi-layer liquid crystal display element, the first multi-layer empty cell and the multi-layer liquid crystal display element obtained by the first manufacturing method according to the present invention,
Since the outermost portion that does not affect the pixel shift is composed of a relatively thick film substrate having a thickness of 180 μm or more, a liquid crystal material can be quickly vacuum-injected between the substrates for efficient manufacture.
【００３８】前記第１の積層型液晶表示素子並びに前記
第１の積層型空セル及び前記第１、第３の製造方法によ
って得られる積層型液晶表示素子では、各隣り合う液晶
層間に位置する２枚のフィルム基板の厚さの合計は２４
０μｍ以下であるが、その下限値としては、それには限
定されないが１６０μｍ程度を例示できる。前記最も外
側に位置する各フィルム基板の厚さは１８０μｍ以上で
あるが、その上限値としては、それには限定されないが
３００μｍ程度を例示できる。前記各隣り合う液晶層間
に位置する２枚のフィルム基板それぞれの厚さとして
は、１２０μｍ以下を例示でき、その下限値としては、
それには限定されないが８０μｍ程度を例示できる。In the first multi-layer liquid crystal display element, the first multi-layer empty cell, and the multi-layer liquid crystal display element obtained by the first and the third manufacturing methods, two adjacent liquid crystal layers are provided. The total thickness of the film substrate is 24
The lower limit value is 0 μm or less, but the lower limit value is not limited thereto, and may be about 160 μm. The thickness of each of the outermost film substrates is 180 μm or more, and the upper limit thereof is not limited to this but may be about 300 μm. An example of the thickness of each of the two film substrates located between the adjacent liquid crystal layers is 120 μm or less, and the lower limit thereof is
Although not limited thereto, about 80 μm can be exemplified.
【００３９】いずれにしても、前記各隣り合う液晶層間
に位置する２枚のフィルム基板は該２枚のフィルム基板
間に設けられた接着層にて互いに接着されていてもよ
い。この場合、該２枚のフィルム基板の合計厚さと該接
着層の厚さの合計としては、２５０μｍ以下を例示で
き、その下限値としては、それには限定されないが２０
０μｍ程度を例示できる。In any case, the two film substrates located between the adjacent liquid crystal layers may be bonded to each other by an adhesive layer provided between the two film substrates. In this case, the total thickness of the two film substrates and the total thickness of the adhesive layer may be 250 μm or less, and the lower limit thereof is not limited to 20 μm.
For example, it can be about 0 μm.
【００４０】本発明に係る第２の積層型液晶表示素子並
びに前記第２の積層型空セル及び前記第２、第４の製造
方法によって得られる積層型液晶表示素子によると、素
子を斜めから観察したときの画素ずれに影響する各隣り
合う液晶層間の距離は、前記画素ピッチの２．５倍以下
と比較的小さいので、素子を斜めから観察したときの画
素ずれが抑制され、それだけ表示画像品質が良好であ
る。According to the second multi-layer liquid crystal display element, the second multi-layer empty cell and the multi-layer liquid crystal display element obtained by the second and fourth manufacturing methods according to the present invention, the elements are observed obliquely. Since the distance between adjacent liquid crystal layers that influences the pixel shift when the above is relatively small is 2.5 times the pixel pitch or less, the pixel shift when the device is obliquely observed is suppressed, and the display image quality is as much as that. Is good.
【００４１】さらに、本発明に係る第２の積層型液晶表
示素子並びに前記第２の積層型空セル及び前記第２の製
造方法によって得られる積層型液晶表示素子によると、
前記の画素ずれに影響しない最も外側は、それぞれの厚
さが１８０μｍ以上と比較的厚いフィルム基板で構成さ
れているので、基板間に液晶材料を速く真空注入して効
率よく製造できる。Further, according to the second multi-layer liquid crystal display element, the second multi-layer empty cell and the multi-layer liquid crystal display element obtained by the second manufacturing method according to the present invention,
Since the outermost portion that does not affect the pixel shift is composed of a relatively thick film substrate having a thickness of 180 μm or more, a liquid crystal material can be quickly vacuum-injected between the substrates for efficient manufacture.
【００４２】前記第２の積層型液晶表示素子並びに前記
第２の積層型空セル及び前記第２、第４の製造方法によ
って得られる積層型液晶表示素子では、各隣り合う液晶
層間の距離は前記画素ピッチの２．５倍以下であるが、
実際上の距離としては、それには限定されないが１８０
μｍ〜３００μｍ程度を例示できる。前記最も外側に位
置する各フィルム基板の厚さは１８０μｍ以上である
が、その上限値としては、それには限定されないが３０
０μｍ程度を例示できる。In the second multi-layer liquid crystal display element, the second multi-layer empty cell, and the multi-layer liquid crystal display element obtained by the second and fourth manufacturing methods, the distance between adjacent liquid crystal layers is the above. Although it is less than 2.5 times the pixel pitch,
The actual distance is, but not limited to, 180
For example, it can be about μm to 300 μm. The thickness of each of the outermost film substrates is 180 μm or more, but the upper limit thereof is not limited to this, but is 30 μm.
For example, it can be about 0 μm.
【００４３】本発明に係る第１、第２の積層型液晶表示
素子並びに前記第１、第２の積層型空セル及び前記第１
から第４の製造方法によって得られる積層型液晶表示素
子のいずれにおいても、最も外側に位置する各フィルム
基板は、それぞれの厚さが１８０μｍ以上と比較的厚い
フィルム基板で構成されているので、積層型液晶表示素
子全体の剛性の点においても有利である。The first and second multi-layer liquid crystal display elements according to the present invention, the first and second multi-layer empty cells, and the first
In any of the multi-layer liquid crystal display elements obtained by the fourth manufacturing method, the outermost film substrates are composed of relatively thick film substrates with a thickness of 180 μm or more. It is also advantageous in terms of the rigidity of the whole type liquid crystal display element.
【００４４】[0044]
【発明の実施の形態】図１にフルカラー表示を行える反
射型の積層型液晶表示素子の一例の概略断面図を示す。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a reflective laminated liquid crystal display element capable of full color display.
【００４５】図１に示す積層型液晶表示素子は、それぞ
れが一対のフィルム基板（１、２）、（３、４）、
（５、６）間に挟持され、可視光選択反射特性を有する
複数の液晶層（青色液晶層２１、緑色液晶層２２、赤色
液晶層２３）を重ねたものであり、青（Ｂ）、緑
（Ｇ）、赤（Ｒ）のそれぞれの色で表示できる液晶表示
素子Ｂ、Ｇ、Ｒの３層積層構造になっている。The multi-layer liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1 has a pair of film substrates (1, 2), (3, 4),
A plurality of liquid crystal layers (blue liquid crystal layer 21, green liquid crystal layer 22, red liquid crystal layer 23) sandwiched between (5, 6) and having visible light selective reflection characteristics are stacked, and blue (B), green It has a three-layer laminated structure of liquid crystal display elements B, G, and R capable of displaying in respective colors of (G) and red (R).
【００４６】各液晶表示素子は、一対の対向する樹脂フ
ィルム基板間に液晶材料を配置するとともにその周囲を
シール壁１０で封止したものである。Each liquid crystal display element is one in which a liquid crystal material is disposed between a pair of opposing resin film substrates and the periphery thereof is sealed by a seal wall 10.
【００４７】素子Ｂには青色表示用の液晶材料Ｌｂが、
素子Ｇには緑色表示用の液晶材料Ｌｇが、素子Ｒには赤
色表示用の液晶材料Ｌｒが配置されている。各液晶材料
は所定の色の光を選択反射可能のものである。A liquid crystal material Lb for displaying blue is provided in the element B,
A liquid crystal material Lg for green display is arranged in the element G, and a liquid crystal material Lr for red display is arranged in the element R. Each liquid crystal material can selectively reflect light of a predetermined color.
【００４８】各液晶表示素子Ｂ、Ｇ、Ｒにおける上側基
板１、３、５の内面にはＩＴＯ（インジウム錫酸化物）
などの透明電極７１及び配向膜８がこの順序で設けられ
ており、下側基板２、４、６の内面には透明電極７２及
び配向膜８がこの順序で設けられている。ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) is formed on the inner surfaces of the upper substrates 1, 3, and 5 of the liquid crystal display devices B, G, and R.
The transparent electrode 71 and the alignment film 8 are provided in this order, and the transparent electrode 72 and the alignment film 8 are provided in this order on the inner surfaces of the lower substrates 2, 4, and 6.
【００４９】各液晶表示素子Ｂ、Ｇ、Ｒにおいて対向す
る透明電極７１、７２はいずれも間隔をおいて所定方向
に平行に並んだ複数本の帯状電極であり、平面からみた
ときそれら帯状電極が互いに直交するように設けられて
いる。これら電極７１、７２の交差する部分で複数の画
素が所定の画素ピッチＰで形成されている。The transparent electrodes 71, 72 facing each other in each of the liquid crystal display devices B, G, R are a plurality of strip electrodes arranged in parallel in a predetermined direction at intervals, and these strip electrodes are seen in a plan view. It is provided so as to be orthogonal to each other. A plurality of pixels are formed at a predetermined pixel pitch P at the intersections of the electrodes 71 and 72.
【００５０】各液晶表示素子Ｂ、Ｇ、Ｒにおける基板
（１、２）、（３、４）、（５、６）間には前記液晶材
料のほか、スペーサ９ａ、９ａ、９ｂも配置されてい
る。このスペーサが両基板間の間隙を所定のものに維持
している。なお、基板間には基板間ギャップを維持す
る、素子全体の強度を保持する等のための樹脂構造物が
設けられていてもよい。In addition to the above liquid crystal material, spacers 9a, 9a, 9b are arranged between the substrates (1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6) in each liquid crystal display element B, G, R. There is. This spacer maintains a predetermined gap between both substrates. A resin structure may be provided between the substrates to maintain the gap between the substrates and to maintain the strength of the entire device.
【００５１】各液晶層（２１、２２、２３）は液晶材料
（Ｌｂ、Ｌｇ、Ｌｒ）、シール壁１０、配向膜８、スペ
ーサ（９ａ、９ａ、９ｂ）、電極７１、７２などを含ん
でいる。各隣り合う液晶層（２１、２２）、（２２、２
３）間に位置するフィルム基板（２、３）、（４、５）
は２枚である。そして各隣合う液晶層（２１、２２）、
（２２、２３）間に位置する２枚のフィルム基板（２、
３）、（４、５）は該両基板（２、３）、（４、５）間
に設けられた接着層、ここでは透明な接着剤（接着シー
ト）乃至粘着剤（粘着シート）１１ａ、１１ｂにより互
いに接着されている。Each liquid crystal layer (21, 22, 23) includes a liquid crystal material (Lb, Lg, Lr), a seal wall 10, an alignment film 8, spacers (9a, 9a, 9b), electrodes 71, 72 and the like. . Each adjacent liquid crystal layer (21, 22), (22, 2)
3) Film substrates (2, 3), (4,5) located between
Is two. And each adjacent liquid crystal layer (21, 22),
Two film substrates (2, 23 located between (22, 23)
3) and (4, 5) are adhesive layers provided between the substrates (2, 3) and (4, 5), and here, a transparent adhesive (adhesive sheet) or adhesive (adhesive sheet) 11a, They are adhered to each other by 11b.
【００５２】また光を入射させる側とは反対側の基板の
外面（裏面）には、必要に応じて、可視光吸収層が設け
られる。ここでは赤色素子Ｒにおける基板６の裏面に黒
色の可視光吸収層１２が設けられている。If necessary, a visible light absorbing layer is provided on the outer surface (back surface) of the substrate opposite to the side on which light is incident. Here, a black visible light absorbing layer 12 is provided on the back surface of the substrate 6 in the red element R.
【００５３】この積層型液晶表示素子は、積層型空セ
ル、ここでは、対向する一対のフィルム基板の周縁部を
少なくとも一つの外部に連通開口する液晶材料注入口部
を残してシールした複数の空セルが重ね合わされた積層
型空セルを用い、該積層型空セルの各空セルにその液晶
材料注入口部から該空セル用の液晶材料を真空注入する
ことで得られるものである。This multi-layer liquid crystal display element is composed of a multi-layer empty cell, in this case, a plurality of empty cells in which the peripheral edges of a pair of opposed film substrates are sealed leaving at least one liquid crystal material injection port communicating with the outside. It is obtained by using a laminated empty cell in which cells are stacked and vacuum-injecting the liquid crystal material for the empty cell into each empty cell of the laminated empty cell from the liquid crystal material injection port.
【００５４】この積層型液晶表示素子では、素子観察側
Ｓに最も近いフィルム基板、つまり青色素子Ｂの観察側
Ｓに位置する上基板１には比較的厚いフィルム基板を用
いている。基板１の厚さ（図中ａ）は１８０μｍ以上で
ある。この厚さａとしては、例えば、１８０μｍ〜３０
０μｍ程度が望ましい。同様に素子観察側Ｓから最も遠
いフィルム基板、つまり赤色素子Ｒの観察側Ｓとは反対
側に位置する下基板６にも比較的厚いフィルム基板を用
いている。基板６の厚さ（図中ｄ）も１８０μｍ以上で
ある。この厚さｄについても、例えば、１８０μｍ〜３
００μｍ程度が望ましい。In this laminated liquid crystal display element, a film substrate closest to the element observation side S, that is, the upper substrate 1 located on the observation side S of the blue element B is a relatively thick film substrate. The thickness of the substrate 1 (a in the figure) is 180 μm or more. The thickness a is, for example, 180 μm to 30 μm.
About 0 μm is desirable. Similarly, a relatively thick film substrate is used as the lower substrate 6 located farthest from the element observing side S, that is, the lower substrate 6 located on the opposite side of the red element R from the observing side S. The thickness of the substrate 6 (d in the figure) is also 180 μm or more. Also for this thickness d, for example, 180 μm to 3
About 00 μm is desirable.
【００５５】これら以外の基板、つまり青色素子Ｂの素
子観察側Ｓとは反対側に位置する下基板２、緑色素子Ｇ
の上基板３と下基板４、赤色素子Ｒの観察側Ｓに位置す
る上基板５には比較的薄いフィルム基板を用いている。
基板２の厚さ（図中ｂ１）と基板３の厚さ（図中ｂ２）
の合計ｂ１＋ｂ２、基板４の厚さ（図中ｃ１）と基板５
の厚さ（図中ｃ２）の合計ｃ１＋ｃ２はいずれも２４０
μｍ以下である。この厚さ合計ｂ１＋ｂ２、ｃ１＋ｃ２
としては、例えば、いずれも１６０μｍ〜２４０μｍ程
度であることが望ましい。また、基板２、３、４、５の
厚さｂ１、ｂ２、ｃ１、ｃ２はいずれも１２０μｍ以下
である。この厚さｂ１、ｂ２、ｃ１、ｃ２としては、例
えば、いずれも８０μｍ〜１２０μｍ程度であることが
望ましい。さらに、接着層１１ａの厚さ（図中ｂ３）と
基板２、３の厚さの合計ｂ１＋ｂ３＋ｂ２（図中ｂ）、
接着層１１ｂの厚さ（図中ｃ３）と基板４、５の厚さの
合計ｃ１＋ｃ３＋ｃ２（図中ｃ）はいずれも２５０μｍ
以下である。この厚さ合計ｂ、ｃとしては、例えば、い
ずれも２００μｍ〜２５０μｍ程度であることが望まし
い。Substrates other than these, that is, the lower substrate 2 located on the side opposite to the element observation side S of the blue element B, the green element G
A relatively thin film substrate is used for the upper substrate 3, the lower substrate 4, and the upper substrate 5 located on the observation side S of the red element R.
Thickness of substrate 2 (b1 in the figure) and thickness of substrate 3 (b2 in the figure)
B1 + b2, the thickness of the substrate 4 (c1 in the figure) and the substrate 5
The total thickness (c2 in the figure) of c1 + c2 is 240
μm or less. This total thickness b1 + b2, c1 + c2
For example, it is desirable that both are about 160 μm to 240 μm. The thicknesses b1, b2, c1, c2 of the substrates 2, 3, 4, 5 are all 120 μm or less. It is desirable that the thicknesses b1, b2, c1 and c2 are, for example, about 80 μm to 120 μm. Further, the total thickness b1 + b3 + b2 (b in the figure) of the adhesive layer 11a (b3 in the figure) and the thickness of the substrates 2 and 3,
The total thickness c1 + c3 + c2 (c in the figure) of the adhesive layer 11b (c3 in the figure) and the thickness of the substrates 4 and 5 is 250 μm.
It is the following. It is desirable that the total thicknesses b and c are, for example, about 200 μm to 250 μm.
【００５６】なお、基板に用いることができる材料とし
ては、例えば、ポリエーテルスルフォン、ポリエチレン
テレフタレート、ポリカーボネートなどを挙げることが
できる。但し、それに限定されるものではなく、その他
の各種の樹脂材料を用いることもできる。Materials that can be used for the substrate include, for example, polyether sulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, and polycarbonate. However, the resin material is not limited thereto, and various other resin materials can be used.
【００５７】この積層型液晶表示素子では、青色、緑
色、赤色の各液晶層２１、２２、２３がいずれも可視光
選択反射状態になると白色の表示になり、青色、緑色、
赤色の各液晶層２１、２２、２３がいずれも可視光透過
状態になると可視光吸収層１２による黒色の表示にな
る。各液晶層２１、２２、２３の透過−選択反射状態を
任意に設定することによってフルカラー表示が可能であ
る。つまり、各液晶層２１、２２、２３に形成されてい
る複数の画素それぞれでフルカラー表示が可能である。
そして各液晶層２１、２２、２３の間で、それぞれの液
晶層２１、２２、２３に形成されている複数の画素が互
いに重なり整合するとき良好な表示が行われる。In this laminated liquid crystal display element, when each of the blue, green and red liquid crystal layers 21, 22 and 23 is in the visible light selective reflection state, white display is performed, and blue, green and
When each of the red liquid crystal layers 21, 22, and 23 is in the visible light transmitting state, the visible light absorbing layer 12 displays black. Full color display is possible by arbitrarily setting the transmission-selective reflection state of each liquid crystal layer 21, 22, 23. That is, full color display is possible with each of the plurality of pixels formed in each of the liquid crystal layers 21, 22, and 23.
Good display is performed between the liquid crystal layers 21, 22, and 23 when a plurality of pixels formed in the liquid crystal layers 21, 22, and 23 overlap and are aligned with each other.
【００５８】このような積層型液晶表示素子において
は、各液晶層２１、２２、２３に形成されている複数の
画素それぞれでフルカラー表示を行うため、各隣り合う
液晶層（２１、２２）、（２２、２３）の間隔ｂ、ｃが
素子を斜め方向から観察した場合の画素ずれに大きく影
響する。例えば青色液晶層２１と緑色液晶層２２の間に
は青色素子Ｂ下基板２、接着層１１ａ、緑色素子Ｇ上基
板３などが存在しており、これらの厚さの合計ｂが大き
ければ大きいほど素子を斜め方向から観察した場合の青
色液晶素子Ｂの画素と緑色液晶素子Ｇの画素との間の画
素ずれが大きくなる。一方、最も外側に位置する各フィ
ルム基板、ここでは青色素子Ｂ上基板１と赤色素子Ｒ下
基板６（以下外側基板という）の厚さａ、ｄは前記の画
素ずれに対しては影響しない。In such a multi-layer liquid crystal display device, full color display is performed in each of the plurality of pixels formed in each of the liquid crystal layers 21, 22 and 23, so that the adjacent liquid crystal layers (21, 22), ( The intervals b and c of (22, 23) greatly affect the pixel shift when the device is observed from an oblique direction. For example, the blue element B lower substrate 2, the adhesive layer 11a, the green element G upper substrate 3 and the like are present between the blue liquid crystal layer 21 and the green liquid crystal layer 22, and the larger the total b of these is, the larger The pixel shift between the pixel of the blue liquid crystal element B and the pixel of the green liquid crystal element G becomes large when the element is observed from an oblique direction. On the other hand, the thicknesses a and d of the outermost film substrates, here, the blue element B upper substrate 1 and the red element R lower substrate 6 (hereinafter referred to as outer substrates) have no influence on the pixel shift.
【００５９】そこで画素ずれに影響する基板２、３、
４、５（以下内側基板という）はできるだけ薄くする方
が望ましい。一方、基板が薄いと液晶材料の真空注入に
対して不利であるので、画素ずれに影響しない外側基板
（１、６）は厚くする方が望ましい。また、外側基板
（１、６）を厚くすることで、積層型液晶表示素子全体
の剛性の点においても有利である。Therefore, the substrates 2, 3 which influence the pixel shift,
It is desirable to make 4, 5 (hereinafter referred to as the inner substrate) as thin as possible. On the other hand, if the substrate is thin, it is disadvantageous for vacuum injection of the liquid crystal material. Therefore, it is preferable to thicken the outer substrates (1, 6) that do not affect the pixel shift. In addition, thickening the outer substrates (1, 6) is also advantageous in terms of rigidity of the entire laminated liquid crystal display element.
【００６０】前記の画素ずれの影響は、通常のディスプ
レイ装置、例えば画像や文字、図形などを表示するアプ
リケーション装置においては、内側基板（２、３、４、
５）の厚さ（ｂ１、ｂ２、ｃ１、ｃ２）は前記の範囲で
あれば問題はないが、その範囲より基板が厚いと表示画
像などのエッジ部に色にじみが発生し易い。一方、大画
面の広告などの用途に用いる場合には素子から離れて観
察することが多いので、この場合、前記の画素ずれの許
容範囲は大きくなる。各隣り合う液晶層（２１、２
２）、（２２、２３）間の距離ｂ、ｃが画素ピッチＰの
略２．５倍以内であれば色にじみはあまり気にならな
い。The influence of the pixel shift described above has an influence on the inner substrate (2, 3, 4, in an ordinary display device such as an application device displaying an image, a character or a graphic).
There is no problem with the thickness (b1, b2, c1, c2) of 5) within the above range, but if the substrate is thicker than that range, color fringing is likely to occur at the edge portion of the display image or the like. On the other hand, when used for applications such as large-screen advertisements, it is often observed away from the element, and in this case, the allowable range of the pixel shift becomes large. Each adjacent liquid crystal layer (21, 2)
2) If the distances b and c between (22, 23) are within about 2.5 times the pixel pitch P, color bleeding is not very noticeable.
【００６１】以上説明した積層型液晶表示素子による
と、素子を斜めから観察したときの画素ずれに影響する
各隣り合う液晶層（２１、２２）、（２２、２３）間部
分に存在する２枚のフィルム基板（２、３）、（４、
５）は、厚さの合計（ｂ１＋ｂ２）、（ｃ１＋ｃ２）が
２４０μｍ以下と比較的薄いので、素子を斜めから観察
したときの画素ずれが抑制され、それだけ表示画像品質
が良好である。According to the multi-layer liquid crystal display device described above, the two liquid crystal layers existing between the adjacent liquid crystal layers (21, 22) and (22, 23) which influence the pixel shift when the device is observed obliquely. Film substrates (2, 3), (4,
In 5), the total thicknesses (b1 + b2) and (c1 + c2) are relatively thin at 240 μm or less, so that the pixel shift when the device is obliquely observed is suppressed, and the display image quality is good.
【００６２】さらに、前記の画素ずれに影響しない最も
外側は、それぞれの厚さａ、ｄが１８０μｍ以上と比較
的厚いフィルム基板１、６で構成されているので、基板
（１、２）、（３、４）、（５、６）間に液晶材料Ｌ
ｂ、Ｌｇ、Ｌｒを速く真空注入して効率よく製造でき
る。Further, since the outermost portion which does not affect the pixel shift is composed of the film substrates 1 and 6 having relatively large thicknesses a and d of 180 μm or more, the substrates (1, 2), ( Liquid crystal material L between 3, 4) and (5, 6)
b, Lg, and Lr can be vacuum-injected quickly to manufacture efficiently.
【００６３】図２に反射型の積層型液晶表示素子の他の
例の概略断面図を示す。FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of another example of the reflective multi-layer liquid crystal display element.
【００６４】図２の積層型液晶表示素子は４枚のフィル
ム基板によって構成された青（Ｂ）、緑（Ｇ）、赤
（Ｒ）のそれぞれの色で表示できる液晶表示素子Ｂ、
Ｇ、Ｒの３層積層構造のものである。他の点は図１に示
す素子と同様であり、図２の素子において、図１の素子
と基本的に同じ構成、作用を有する箇所には同じ参照符
号を付してある。以下に図２に示す素子について図１の
素子と異なる点を中心に説明する。The laminated type liquid crystal display element of FIG. 2 is a liquid crystal display element B composed of four film substrates and capable of displaying blue (B), green (G) and red (R) colors, respectively.
It has a three-layer laminated structure of G and R. The other points are the same as those of the element shown in FIG. 1, and in the element of FIG. 2, the same reference numerals are attached to the portions having basically the same configuration and operation as those of the element of FIG. The element shown in FIG. 2 will be described below focusing on the points different from the element of FIG.
【００６５】素子Ｂを構成している下側フィルム基板
２’及び素子Ｇを構成している上側フィルム基板３’は
同じ１枚の基板２３’であり、基板２’が基板３’を、
基板３’が基板２’を兼ねている。また素子Ｇを構成し
ている下側フィルム基板４’及び素子Ｒを構成している
上側フィルム基板５’は同じ１枚の基板４５’であり、
基板４’が基板５’を、基板５’が基板４’を兼ねてい
る。この１枚のフィルム基板２３’、４５’は各隣り合
う液晶層（２１、２２）、（２２、２３）間に位置して
いる。The lower film substrate 2'constituting the element B and the upper film substrate 3'constituting the element G are the same one substrate 23 ', and the substrate 2'represents the substrate 3'.
The substrate 3'also serves as the substrate 2 '. Further, the lower film substrate 4 ′ constituting the element G and the upper film substrate 5 ′ constituting the element R are the same one substrate 45 ′,
The substrate 4'also serves as the substrate 5'and the substrate 5 'serves as the substrate 4'. The one film substrate 23 ', 45' is located between the adjacent liquid crystal layers (21, 22), (22, 23).
【００６６】各液晶表示素子Ｂ、Ｇ、Ｒにおける上側基
板１’、３’、５’の下面にはＩＴＯ（インジウム錫酸
化物）などの透明電極７１及び配向膜８がこの順序で設
けられており、下側基板２’、４’、６’の上面には透
明電極７２及び配向膜８がこの順序で設けられている。
すなわち、中間の共通基板２３’、４５’については上
面に透明電極７２及び配向膜８が、下面に透明電極７１
及び配向膜８が設けられている。A transparent electrode 71 such as ITO (indium tin oxide) and an alignment film 8 are provided in this order on the lower surfaces of the upper substrates 1 ', 3', 5'of the liquid crystal display devices B, G, R. The transparent electrodes 72 and the alignment film 8 are provided in this order on the upper surfaces of the lower substrates 2 ', 4'and 6'.
That is, regarding the intermediate common substrates 23 'and 45', the transparent electrode 72 and the alignment film 8 are provided on the upper surface, and the transparent electrode 71 is provided on the lower surface.
And an alignment film 8 are provided.
【００６７】各液晶表示素子Ｂ、Ｇ、Ｒにおいて対向す
る透明電極７１、７２はいずれも間隔をおいて所定方向
に平行に並んだ複数本の帯状電極であり、平面からみた
ときそれら帯状電極が互いに直交するように設けられて
いる。これら電極７１、７２の交差する部分で複数の画
素が所定の画素ピッチＰで形成されている。In each of the liquid crystal display elements B, G, and R, the transparent electrodes 71 and 72 facing each other are a plurality of strip electrodes arranged in parallel in a predetermined direction at intervals, and these strip electrodes are seen in a plan view. It is provided so as to be orthogonal to each other. A plurality of pixels are formed at a predetermined pixel pitch P at the intersections of the electrodes 71 and 72.
【００６８】また光を入射させる側とは反対側の基板の
外面（裏面）には、必要に応じて、可視光吸収層が設け
られる。ここでは赤色素子Ｒにおける基板６’の裏面に
黒色の可視光吸収層１２が設けられている。If necessary, a visible light absorbing layer is provided on the outer surface (back surface) of the substrate opposite to the side on which light is incident. Here, the black visible light absorbing layer 12 is provided on the back surface of the substrate 6 ′ in the red element R.
【００６９】この積層型液晶表示素子も、図１の素子と
同様、対向する一対のフィルム基板の周縁部を少なくと
も一つの外部に連通開口する液晶材料注入口部を残して
シールした複数の空セルが重ね合わされた積層型空セル
を用い、該積層型空セルの各空セルにその液晶材料注入
口部から該空セル用の液晶材料を真空注入することで得
られるものである。This laminated type liquid crystal display element also has a plurality of empty cells in which peripheral edges of a pair of opposed film substrates are sealed with leaving at least one liquid crystal material injection port communicating with the outside like the element of FIG. Is obtained by vacuum-injecting the liquid crystal material for the empty cell into each empty cell of the laminated empty cell from the liquid crystal material injection port.
【００７０】この積層型液晶表示素子では、最も外側に
位置する青色素子Ｂの上基板１’及び赤色素子Ｒの下基
板６’には比較的厚いフィルム基板を用いている。基板
１’、６’の厚さ（図中ａ’、ｄ’）は１８０μｍ以上
である。この厚さａ’、ｄ’としては、例えば、１８０
μｍ〜３００μｍ程度が望ましい。In this laminated type liquid crystal display element, a relatively thick film substrate is used for the upper substrate 1'of the blue element B and the lower substrate 6'of the red element R which are located on the outermost side. The thickness of the substrates 1'and 6 '(a', d'in the figure) is 180 μm or more. The thicknesses a ′ and d ′ are, for example, 180
It is desirable that the thickness is approximately 300 μm.
【００７１】内側に存在する中基板２３’及び中基板４
５’の厚さ（図中ｂ’、ｃ’）は素子を斜め方向から観
察した場合の画素ずれに影響するため、画素ピッチＰの
２．５倍以下である。この厚さｂ’、ｃ’としては、実
際上は、例えば１８０μｍ〜３００μｍ程度が望まし
い。Medium substrate 23 'and medium substrate 4 existing inside
The thickness 5 '(b', c'in the figure) affects the pixel shift when the device is observed from an oblique direction, and is therefore 2.5 times or less the pixel pitch P. In practice, the thicknesses b ′ and c ′ are preferably about 180 μm to 300 μm, for example.
【００７２】この４枚の基板による３層積層型液晶表示
素子では内側基板（２３’、４５’）の厚さｂ’、ｃ’
が前記の画素ずれに影響するので、内側基板（２３’、
４５’）は薄い方が望ましい。外側基板（１’、６’）
は液晶材料の注入時間、積層型液晶表示素子全体の剛性
の面から厚い方が好ましい。In this three-layer laminated type liquid crystal display device with four substrates, the thickness b ', c'of the inner substrates (23', 45 ') is used.
Influences the pixel shift, the inner substrate (23 ′,
45 ') is preferably thin. Outer substrate (1 ', 6')
Is preferably thick from the viewpoint of the injection time of the liquid crystal material and the rigidity of the whole laminated liquid crystal display device.
【００７３】なお、基板に用いることができる材料とし
ては、例えば、ポリエーテルスルフォン、ポリエチレン
テレフタレート、ポリカーボネートなどを挙げることが
できる。但し、それに限定されるものではなく、その他
の各種の樹脂材料を用いることもできる。Materials that can be used for the substrate include, for example, polyether sulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, and polycarbonate. However, the resin material is not limited thereto, and various other resin materials can be used.
【００７４】図２に示す積層型液晶表示素子によると、
素子を斜めから観察したときの画素ずれに影響する各隣
り合う液晶層（２１、２２）、（２２、２３）間の距離
ｂ’、ｃ’は、画素ピッチＰの２．５倍以下と比較的小
さいので、素子を斜めから観察したときの画素ずれが抑
制され、それだけ表示画像品質が良好である。According to the multi-layer liquid crystal display element shown in FIG.
The distances b ′ and c ′ between the adjacent liquid crystal layers (21, 22) and (22, 23), which influence the pixel shift when the device is obliquely observed, are compared with 2.5 times the pixel pitch P or less. Since it is relatively small, the pixel shift when the device is obliquely observed is suppressed, and the display image quality is as good as that.
【００７５】さらに、前記の画素ずれに影響しない最も
外側は、それぞれの厚さａ’、ｄ’が１８０μｍ以上と
比較的厚いフィルム基板１’、６’で構成されているの
で、基板間に液晶材料を速く真空注入して効率よく製造
できる。Further, since the outermost portion which does not affect the pixel shift is composed of relatively thick film substrates 1'and 6'having thicknesses a'and d'of 180 .mu.m or more, the liquid crystal is interposed between the substrates. The material can be vacuum-injected quickly and efficiently.
【００７６】なお、図１及び図２に示す積層型液晶表示
素子は、ここでは積層型空セルを用い、該積層型空セル
の各空セルにその注入口部から液晶材料を真空注入する
製造方法によって得られるものであるが、一対のフィル
ム基板間に挟持され、可視光選択反射特性を有する液晶
層を含む液晶表示素子を液晶材料の基板間配置を伴う基
板貼り合わせ工程を含む方法によって得て該液晶表示素
子を複数積層する製造方法によって得られるものでもよ
い。この場合、素子を斜めから観察したときの画素ずれ
及び積層型液晶表示素子全体の剛性の二つの点で有利で
ある。また、図１及び図２に示す積層型液晶表示素子に
おいて、画像ピッチは使用者の好みや用途に応じて適宜
決めればよいが、パーソナルコンピュータ用モニタ装置
や携帯端末機器等の個人向けの用途であれば、十分な表
示性能を持たせるために、少なくとも５００μｍ以下、
好ましくは２５０μｍ以下、より好ましくは２００μｍ
以下とすることが望ましい。下限値については特に制限
はないが、素子製造の容易性を考慮すると５０μｍ以
上、好ましくは７５μｍ以上とするのが望ましい。The laminated liquid crystal display element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 uses a laminated empty cell here, and a liquid crystal material is vacuum-injected into each empty cell of the laminated empty cell from the injection port thereof. Although obtained by a method, a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of film substrates and having visible light selective reflection characteristics is obtained by a method including a substrate bonding step involving inter-substrate arrangement of a liquid crystal material. And may be obtained by a manufacturing method in which a plurality of liquid crystal display elements are laminated. In this case, there are two advantages in terms of the pixel shift when the device is obliquely observed and the rigidity of the entire multi-layer liquid crystal display device. Further, in the multi-layer liquid crystal display element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the image pitch may be appropriately determined according to the preference and application of the user, but it is not suitable for personal applications such as personal computer monitor devices and portable terminal devices. If so, in order to have sufficient display performance, at least 500 μm or less,
Preferably 250 μm or less, more preferably 200 μm
The following is desirable. The lower limit is not particularly limited, but considering the easiness of manufacturing the element, it is desirable to set it to 50 μm or more, preferably 75 μm or more.
【００７７】次に具体的な実施例及び比較例を説明する
が、本発明はそれらの実施例に限定されるものではな
い。
（実施例１）まず、以下のようにして積層型空セルを作
製した。図３に本実施例１で用いた積層型空セルＰ１の
概略断面図を示す。Next, specific examples and comparative examples will be described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. (Example 1) First, a laminated empty cell was manufactured as follows. FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the stacked empty cell P1 used in the first embodiment.
【００７８】厚さ（ｄ＝）２００μｍの透明なポリカー
ボネート（ＰＣ）フィルム基板６のＩＴＯ透明電極膜形
成面に設けられたＩＴＯ透明電極膜を、電極幅１３５μ
ｍ、スペース（各隣合う電極間の距離）１５μｍの１５
０μｍピッチＰの帯状の電極７２になるようにパターニ
ングした。このパターニングされたＩＴＯ透明電極７２
上に、厚み６００Åのポリイミド系配向膜８を形成し、
その上に９μｍ径のスペーサ９ｂを散布した。An ITO transparent electrode film provided on the ITO transparent electrode film forming surface of a transparent polycarbonate (PC) film substrate 6 having a thickness (d =) of 200 μm was formed with an electrode width of 135 μm.
m, space (distance between adjacent electrodes) 15 μm 15
Patterning was performed so as to form strip-shaped electrodes 72 having a pitch P of 0 μm. This patterned ITO transparent electrode 72
A 600 Å-thick polyimide alignment film 8 is formed on top of
Spacers 9b having a diameter of 9 μm were sprinkled thereon.
【００７９】また、厚さ（ｃ２＝）１００μｍの透明Ｐ
Ｃフィルム基板５のＩＴＯ透明電極膜形成面に設けられ
たＩＴＯ透明電極膜も同様に１５０μｍピッチＰの帯状
の電極７１になるようにパターニングした。このパター
ニングされたＩＴＯ透明電極７１上に同様に配向膜８を
形成し、その上にポリウレタン樹脂からなる熱可塑性樹
脂をスクリーン印刷して柱状樹脂構造物１３を形成し対
向基板とした。柱状樹脂構造物は径５０μｍ、高さ１０
μｍであり、６００μｍ間隔で画像表示エリア全面に形
成した。なお、この柱状構造物は後述する両基板の貼り
合わせ・シール壁材硬化時にスペーサ径と同等の高さま
で圧縮される。Further, a transparent P having a thickness (c2 =) of 100 μm is used.
The ITO transparent electrode film provided on the surface of the C film substrate 5 on which the ITO transparent electrode film was formed was also patterned to be strip-shaped electrodes 71 having a pitch P of 150 μm. An alignment film 8 was similarly formed on the patterned ITO transparent electrode 71, and a thermoplastic resin made of polyurethane resin was screen-printed on the alignment film 8 to form a columnar resin structure 13 to form a counter substrate. The columnar resin structure has a diameter of 50 μm and a height of 10
The thickness was 600 μm, and they were formed on the entire image display area at intervals of 600 μm. Note that this columnar structure is compressed to a height equivalent to the spacer diameter when bonding both substrates and curing the seal wall material described later.
【００８０】続いて、スペーサ９ｂを散布付着させた前
記基板６上の周縁部にシール材ＸＮ２１（三井化学社
製）をスクリーン印刷してシール壁１０を形成した。こ
のシール壁形成にあたっては外部に連通開口する液晶材
料注入口部を形成した。Subsequently, the sealing material XN21 (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) was screen-printed on the peripheral portion of the substrate 6 to which the spacers 9b were scattered and attached to form the sealing wall 10. In forming this seal wall, a liquid crystal material injection port that is open to the outside is formed.
【００８１】その後、両基板５、６に形成されたＩＴＯ
パターンが基板面に垂直な方向から見て互いに直交する
とともに各ＩＴＯパターンの交差する部分でのちほど液
晶表示素子にしたときに複数の画素が１５０μｍの画素
ピッチＰで形成されるように両基板５、６を貼り合わ
せ、１５０℃で１時間加熱してシール材を硬化させて赤
色液晶表示素子Ｒ用の単層の空セルＳＲを作製した。After that, the ITO formed on both substrates 5 and 6
Both substrates 5 are arranged such that the patterns are orthogonal to each other when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, and a plurality of pixels are formed at a pixel pitch P of 150 μm when the liquid crystal display device is formed at the intersection of the ITO patterns. 6 was bonded and the sealing material was cured by heating at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to produce a single-layer empty cell SR for the red liquid crystal display element R.
【００８２】同様に緑色液晶表示素子Ｇ用の単層の空セ
ルＳＧを作製した。但し、下基板６、上基板５に代え
て、両方とも厚さ（ｃ１＝ｂ２＝）１００μｍの透明Ｐ
Ｃフィルム基板４、３を用い、さらにスペーサ９ｂに代
えて、５μｍ径のスペーサ９ａを用いた。Similarly, a single-layer empty cell SG for the green liquid crystal display element G was prepared. However, instead of the lower substrate 6 and the upper substrate 5, both are transparent P having a thickness (c1 = b2 =) of 100 μm.
C film substrates 4 and 3 were used, and a spacer 9a having a diameter of 5 μm was used instead of the spacer 9b.
【００８３】同様に青色液晶表示素子Ｂ用の単層の空セ
ルＳＢを作製した。但し、下基板６に代えて、スペーサ
を散布する厚さ（ｂ１＝）１００μｍの透明ＰＣフィル
ム基板２を、上基板５に代えて、柱状樹脂構造物を印刷
する厚さ（ａ＝）２００μｍの透明ＰＣフィルム基板１
を用い、さらにスペーサ９ｂに代えて、５μｍ径のスペ
ーサ９ａを用いた。Similarly, a single-layer empty cell SB for the blue liquid crystal display element B was prepared. However, instead of the lower substrate 6, a transparent PC film substrate 2 having a thickness (b1 =) of 100 μm for spraying spacers is used instead of the upper substrate 5, and a thickness (a =) of 200 μm for printing a columnar resin structure is used. Transparent PC film substrate 1
Was used, and a spacer 9a having a diameter of 5 μm was used instead of the spacer 9b.
【００８４】このようにして液晶表示素子Ｒ、Ｇ、Ｂ用
の空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢを作製した。Thus, empty cells SR, SG and SB for the liquid crystal display elements R, G and B were produced.
【００８５】さらに、このように作製した空セルＳＲ、
ＳＧ、ＳＢを積層し、且つ、各隣り合う空セルＳＲとＳ
Ｇ、ＳＧとＳＢをいずれも厚さ（ｃ３＝ｂ３＝）２５μ
ｍの透明接着剤又は透明粘着シート１１ａ、１１ｂで相
互に接着した。このとき空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢの間
で、それぞれの空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢに形成された電
極の前記複数画素が形成され得る部分の重なりを互いに
整合させた。更に赤色液晶表示素子用空セルＳＲの外面
に光吸収層１２を形成して積層型空セルＰ１を得た。空
セルＰ１の画像表示面の寸法は１２０ｍｍ×９０ｍｍで
ある。この積層型空セルＰ１においては、空セルＳＲ、
ＳＧ、ＳＢのそれぞれの液晶材料注入口部ｒ１、ｇ１、
ｂ１が空セルＰ１における同じ辺の異なる部位に位置し
ている（図４参照）。Further, the empty cell SR manufactured as described above,
SG and SB are stacked and each adjacent empty cell SR and S
G, SG and SB are all 25 μm thick (c3 = b3 =)
m of the transparent adhesive or the transparent adhesive sheets 11a and 11b. At this time, among the empty cells SR, SG, SB, the overlaps of the portions of the electrodes formed in the empty cells SR, SG, SB where the plurality of pixels can be formed are aligned with each other. Further, the light absorption layer 12 was formed on the outer surface of the empty cell SR for the red liquid crystal display element to obtain a laminated empty cell P1. The size of the image display surface of the empty cell P1 is 120 mm × 90 mm. In this stacked empty cell P1, the empty cell SR,
Liquid crystal material injection ports r1, g1 of SG and SB,
b1 is located at a different part on the same side in the empty cell P1 (see FIG. 4).
【００８６】このようにして得られた積層型空セルＰ１
の各空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢにその注入口部ｒ１、ｇ
１、ｂ１から該空セル用の液晶材料Ｌｒ、Ｌｇ、Ｌｂを
真空注入した。各液晶材料は、以下のように調製した。Stacked empty cell P1 thus obtained
In each empty cell SR, SG, SB of
The liquid crystal materials Lr, Lg, and Lb for the empty cell were vacuum-injected from No. 1 and b1. Each liquid crystal material was prepared as follows.
【００８７】ネマティック液晶Ａ（屈折率異方性Δｎ
０．１８７、誘電率異方性Δε４．４７）、ネマティッ
ク液晶Ｂ（Δｎ０．１７７、Δε５．３３）、ネマティ
ック液晶Ｃ（Δｎ０．２０、Δε６．２５）に対して、
それぞれにカイラル材料Ｓ−８１１（メルク社製）を所
定量添加し、赤色表示用の液晶組成物Ｌｒ、緑色表示用
の液晶組成物Ｌｇ、青色表示用の液晶組成物Ｌｂを調製
した。液晶組成物Ｌｒは６８０ｎｍ付近の、液晶組成物
Ｌｇは５６０ｎｍ付近の、液晶組成物Ｌｂは４８０ｎｍ
付近の波長の光を選択反射できる。Nematic liquid crystal A (refractive index anisotropy Δn
0.187, dielectric anisotropy Δε4.47), nematic liquid crystal B (Δn0.177, Δε5.33), nematic liquid crystal C (Δn0.20, Δε6.25),
A predetermined amount of chiral material S-811 (manufactured by Merck) was added to each to prepare a liquid crystal composition Lr for red display, a liquid crystal composition Lg for green display, and a liquid crystal composition Lb for blue display. The liquid crystal composition Lr is around 680 nm, the liquid crystal composition Lg is around 560 nm, and the liquid crystal composition Lb is 480 nm.
It can selectively reflect light of wavelengths in the vicinity.
【００８８】積層型空セルＰ１への液晶材料の真空注入
は、次のようにして行った。すなわち、図４（Ａ）に示
す真空槽Ｃ１を準備した。真空槽Ｃ１には排気装置ＤＳ
１、窒素ガス導入弁Ｖ１、液晶材料Ｌｒの注入管Ｐｒ、
液晶材料Ｌｇの注入管Ｐｇ、液晶材料Ｌｂの注入管Ｐｂ
が設置されている。注入管Ｐｒは液晶材料Ｌｒ収容タン
クＴｒに、管Ｐｇは液晶材料Ｌｇ収容タンクＴｇに、管
Ｐｂは液晶材料Ｌｂ収容タンクＴｂにそれぞれ連通して
いる。Vacuum injection of the liquid crystal material into the laminated empty cell P1 was performed as follows. That is, the vacuum chamber C1 shown in FIG. 4 (A) was prepared. Exhaust device DS for vacuum chamber C1
1, a nitrogen gas introduction valve V1, a liquid crystal material Lr injection pipe Pr,
Liquid crystal material Lg injection pipe Pg, liquid crystal material Lb injection pipe Pb
Is installed. The injection pipe Pr communicates with the liquid crystal material Lr storage tank Tr, the pipe Pg communicates with the liquid crystal material Lg storage tank Tg, and the pipe Pb communicates with the liquid crystal material Lb storage tank Tb.
【００８９】前記の積層型空セルＰ１を図４（Ａ）に示
すように各注入口部ｒ１、ｇ１、ｂ１が上になるように
真空槽Ｃ１中に設置した。As shown in FIG. 4 (A), the laminated empty cell P1 was placed in the vacuum chamber C1 so that the inlets r1, g1, b1 were on top.
【００９０】積層型空セルＰ１の液晶材料注入口部ｒ１
は注入管Ｐｒの下方に、液晶材料注入口部ｇ１は注入管
Ｐｇの下方に、液晶材料注入口部ｂ１は注入管Ｐｂの下
方にそれぞれ配置した。Liquid crystal material injection port portion r1 of stacked empty cell P1
Is disposed below the injection pipe Pr, the liquid crystal material injection port g1 is disposed below the injection pipe Pg, and the liquid crystal material injection port b1 is disposed below the injection pipe Pb.
【００９１】次に排気装置ＤＳ１を運転して真空槽Ｃ１
内を例えば０．１３３Ｐａ（１０-3Ｔｏｒｒ）程度まで
減圧して所定の真空雰囲気圧とし、そのあと注入管Ｐｒ
から液晶材料Ｌｒを注入口部ｒ１を覆うようにその上に
配置し、注入管Ｐｇから液晶材料Ｌｇを注入口部ｇ１を
覆うようにその上に配置し、注入管Ｐｂから液晶材料Ｌ
ｂを注入口部ｂ１を覆うようにその上に配置した。Next, the exhaust device DS1 is operated to operate the vacuum chamber C1.
The inside pressure is reduced to, for example, about 0.133 Pa (10 −3 Torr) to a predetermined vacuum atmosphere pressure, and then the injection pipe Pr
Liquid crystal material Lr is disposed on the liquid crystal material Lr so as to cover the injection port portion r1, liquid crystal material Lg is disposed on the liquid crystal material Lg through the injection pipe Pg so as to cover the injection port portion g1, and liquid crystal material L is disposed through the injection pipe Pb.
b was placed on it so as to cover the inlet port b1.
【００９２】その後、弁Ｖ１を開いて真空槽Ｃ１内に窒
素ガスを導入し、真空槽内を略大気圧にすることで、液
晶材料Ｌｒ、Ｌｇ、Ｌｂを注入口部ｒ１、ｇ１、ｂ１か
ら各空セル内へ注入充填した。After that, the valve V1 is opened and nitrogen gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber C1 to bring the inside of the vacuum chamber to a substantially atmospheric pressure, so that the liquid crystal materials Lr, Lg, Lb are injected from the inlets r1, g1, b1. Each empty cell was injected and filled.
【００９３】そのあと各注入口部を封止剤フォトレック
ｆ（積水ファインケミカル社製）で封止した。かくして
積層型液晶表示素子を得た（図４（Ｂ）参照）。Then, each injection port was sealed with a sealant Photorec f (manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.). Thus, a multi-layer liquid crystal display element was obtained (see FIG. 4B).
【００９４】このような方法で積層型液晶表示素子を作
製した結果、３層の各空セルへの液晶材料の注入に要し
た時間は約３時間であった。得られた積層型反射型フル
カラー液晶表示素子は、斜めから見ても画素ずれがあま
り目立たず、高い表示画像品質であった。
（実施例２）まず、以下のようにして積層型空セルを作
製した。図５に本実施例２で用いた積層型空セルＰ２の
概略断面図を示す。As a result of manufacturing the multi-layer liquid crystal display element by such a method, it took about 3 hours to inject the liquid crystal material into each of the three empty cells. The resulting laminated reflective full-color liquid crystal display device had a high display image quality with less noticeable pixel shift even when viewed obliquely. (Example 2) First, a laminated empty cell was manufactured as follows. FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional view of the stacked empty cell P2 used in the second embodiment.
【００９５】厚さ（ｃ＝）２００μｍの透明なポリカー
ポネート（ＰＣ）フィルム基板４のＩＴＯ透明電極膜形
成面に設けられたＩＴＯ透明電極膜を、電極幅１３５μ
ｍ、スペース（各隣合う電極間の距離）１５μｍの１５
０μｍピッチＰの帯状の電極７２になるようにパターニ
ングした。このパターニングされたＩＴＯ透明電極７２
上に、厚み６００Åのポリイミド系配向膜８を形成し、
その上に６μｍ径のスペーサ９ａを散布した。The ITO transparent electrode film provided on the ITO transparent electrode film forming surface of the transparent polycarbonate (PC) film substrate 4 having a thickness (c =) of 200 μm has an electrode width of 135 μm.
m, space (distance between adjacent electrodes) 15 μm 15
Patterning was performed so as to form strip-shaped electrodes 72 having a pitch P of 0 μm. This patterned ITO transparent electrode 72
A 600 Å-thick polyimide alignment film 8 is formed on top of
Spacers 9a having a diameter of 6 μm were sprinkled thereon.
【００９６】また、厚さ（ｂ２＝）１００μｍの透明Ｐ
Ｃフィルム基板３のＩＴＯ透明電極膜形成面に設けられ
たＩＴＯ透明電極膜も同様に１５０μｍピッチＰの帯状
の電極７１になるようにパターニングした。このパター
ニングされたＩＴＯ透明電極７１上に同様に配向膜８を
形成し、その上にポリウレタン樹脂からなる熱可塑性樹
脂をスクリーン印刷して柱状樹脂構造物１３を形成し対
向基板とした。柱状樹脂構造物は径５０μｍ、高さ１０
μｍであり、６００μｍ間隔で画像表示エリア全面に形
成した。なお、この柱状構造物は後述する両基板の貼り
合わせ・シール壁材硬化時にスペーサ径と同等の高さま
で圧縮される。Further, the transparent P having a thickness (b2 =) of 100 μm is used.
The ITO transparent electrode film provided on the surface of the C film substrate 3 on which the ITO transparent electrode film was formed was similarly patterned to be the strip-shaped electrodes 71 having a pitch P of 150 μm. An alignment film 8 was similarly formed on the patterned ITO transparent electrode 71, and a thermoplastic resin made of polyurethane resin was screen-printed on the alignment film 8 to form a columnar resin structure 13 to form a counter substrate. The columnar resin structure has a diameter of 50 μm and a height of 10
The thickness is 600 μm, and they are formed on the entire surface of the image display area at intervals of 600 μm. Note that this columnar structure is compressed to a height equivalent to the spacer diameter when bonding both substrates and curing the seal wall material described later.
【００９７】続いて、スペーサ９ａを散布付着させた前
記基板４上の周縁部にシール材ＸＮ２１（三井化学社
製）をスクリーン印刷してシール壁１０を形成した。こ
のシール壁形成にあたっては外部に連通開口する液晶材
料注入口部を形成した。Subsequently, a sealing material XN21 (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) was screen-printed on the peripheral portion of the substrate 4 to which the spacers 9a were scattered and attached to form the sealing wall 10. In forming this seal wall, a liquid crystal material injection port that is open to the outside is formed.
【００９８】その後、両基板３、４に形成されたＩＴＯ
パターンが基板面に垂直な方向から見て互いに直交する
とともに各ＩＴＯパターンの交差する部分でのちほど液
晶表示素子にしたときに複数の画素が１５０μｍの画素
ピッチＰで形成されるように両基板３、４を貼り合わ
せ、１５０℃で１時間加熱してシール材を硬化させて黄
色液晶表示素子Ｙ用の単層の空パネルＳＹを作製した。After that, the ITO formed on both substrates 3 and 4
Both substrates 3, so that the patterns are orthogonal to each other when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface and a plurality of pixels are formed with a pixel pitch P of 150 μm at the intersection of the respective ITO patterns, later. 4 were stuck together, and the sealing material was cured by heating at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to produce a single-layer empty panel SY for the yellow liquid crystal display element Y.
【００９９】同様に青色液晶表示素子Ｂ用の単層の空セ
ルＳＢを作製した。但し、下基板４に代えて、スペーサ
を散布する厚さ（ｂ１＝）１００μｍの透明ＰＣフィル
ム基板２を、上基板３に代えて、柱状樹脂構造物を印刷
する厚さ（ａ＝）２００μｍの透明ＰＣフィルム基板１
を用いた。Similarly, a single-layer empty cell SB for the blue liquid crystal display element B was prepared. However, in place of the lower substrate 4, a transparent PC film substrate 2 having a thickness (b1 =) of 100 μm for spraying spacers is used, and instead of the upper substrate 3, a thickness (a =) of 200 μm for printing a columnar resin structure is used. Transparent PC film substrate 1
Was used.
【０１００】このようにして液晶表示素子Ｙ、Ｂ用の空
セルＳＹ、ＳＢを作製した。Thus, empty cells SY and SB for the liquid crystal display elements Y and B were produced.
【０１０１】さらに、このように作製した空セルＳＹ、
ＳＢを積層し、且つ、各隣り合う空セルＳＹとＳＢを厚
さ（ｂ３＝）２５μｍの透明接着剤又は透明粘着シート
１１ａで相互に接着した。このとき空セルＳＹ、ＳＢの
間で、それぞれの空セルＳＹ、ＳＢに形成された電極の
前記複数画素が形成され得る部分の重なりを互いに整合
させた。更に黄色液晶表示素子用空セルＳＹの外面に光
吸収層１２を形成して積層型空セルＰ２を得た。空セル
Ｐ２の画像表示面の寸法は１２０ｍｍ×９０ｍｍであ
る。この積層型空セルＰ２においては、空セルＳＹ、Ｓ
Ｂのそれぞれの液晶材料注入口部が空セルＰ２における
同じ辺の異なる部位に位置している。Further, the empty cell SY thus manufactured,
SBs were stacked, and the adjacent empty cells SY and SB were adhered to each other with a transparent adhesive or a transparent adhesive sheet 11a having a thickness (b3 =) of 25 μm. At this time, between the empty cells SY and SB, the overlaps of the portions of the electrodes formed in the empty cells SY and SB where the plurality of pixels can be formed are aligned with each other. Further, the light absorbing layer 12 was formed on the outer surface of the empty cell SY for a yellow liquid crystal display element to obtain a laminated empty cell P2. The size of the image display surface of the empty cell P2 is 120 mm × 90 mm. In this stacked empty cell P2, empty cells SY and S
The respective liquid crystal material injection ports of B are located at different positions on the same side in the empty cell P2.
【０１０２】このようにして得られた積層型空セルＰ２
に液晶材料を真空注入した。液晶材料は、以下のように
調製した。Stacked empty cell P2 thus obtained
The liquid crystal material was vacuum-injected into. The liquid crystal material was prepared as follows.
【０１０３】ネマティック液晶Ａ（屈折率異方性Δｎ
０．１８７、誘電率異方性Δε４．４７）、ネマティッ
ク液晶Ｂ（Δｎ０．１７７、Δε５．３３）、ネマティ
ック液晶Ｃ（Δｎ０．２０、Δε６．２５）に対して、
それぞれにカイラル材料Ｓ−８１１（メルク社製）を所
定量添加し、黄色表示用の液晶組成物Ｌｙ、青色表示用
の液晶組成物Ｌｂを調製した。液晶組成物Ｌｙは６００
ｎｍ付近の、液晶組成物Ｌｂは４８０ｎｍ付近の波長の
光を選択反射できる。Nematic liquid crystal A (refractive index anisotropy Δn
0.187, dielectric anisotropy Δε4.47), nematic liquid crystal B (Δn0.177, Δε5.33), nematic liquid crystal C (Δn0.20, Δε6.25),
A predetermined amount of chiral material S-811 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was added to each to prepare a liquid crystal composition Ly for yellow display and a liquid crystal composition Lb for blue display. The liquid crystal composition Ly is 600
The liquid crystal composition Lb having a wavelength of about 480 nm can selectively reflect light having a wavelength of about 480 nm.
【０１０４】積層型空セルＰ２への液晶材料の真空注入
は、次のようにして行った。すなわち、実施例１と同様
に、前記の積層型空セルＰ２を各注入口部が上になるよ
うに真空槽内に設置した。Vacuum injection of the liquid crystal material into the laminated empty cell P2 was performed as follows. That is, as in Example 1, the stacked empty cell P2 was placed in a vacuum chamber so that each injection port faced upward.
【０１０５】次に真空槽内を例えば０．１３３Ｐａ（１
０-3Ｔｏｒｒ）程度まで減圧して所定の真空雰囲気圧と
し、液晶材料Ｌｙ、Ｌｂを空セルＳＹ、ＳＢの注入口部
を覆うようにその上に配置した後、弁を開いて真空槽内
に窒素ガスを導入して真空槽内を略大気圧にすること
で、液晶材料Ｌｙ、Ｌｂを注入口部から各空セル内へ注
入充填した。Next, for example, 0.133 Pa (1
After reducing the pressure to about 0 -3 Torr) to a predetermined vacuum atmosphere pressure and placing liquid crystal materials Ly and Lb on the empty cells SY and SB so as to cover the inlets, the valves are opened and the inside of the vacuum chamber is opened. By introducing nitrogen gas into the vacuum chamber to bring the inside of the vacuum chamber to a substantially atmospheric pressure, the liquid crystal materials Ly and Lb were injected and filled into each empty cell through the injection port.
【０１０６】そのあと各注入口部を封止剤フォトレック
ｆ（積水ファインケミカル社製）で封止した。かくして
積層型液晶表示素子を得た。After that, each injection port was sealed with a sealant Photorec f (manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.). Thus, a multi-layer liquid crystal display device was obtained.
【０１０７】このような方法で積層型液晶表示素子を作
製した結果、２層の各空セルへの液晶材料の注入に要し
た時間は約３時間であった。得られた積層型反射型モノ
クロ液晶表示素子は、青色、黄色の各液晶表示素子がい
ずれも選択反射状態になると白色の表示になり、青色、
黄色の各液晶表示素子がいずれも透過状態になると光吸
収層１２による黒色の表示になる。各液晶表示素子の透
過−選択反射状態を任意に設定することによって多階調
の白黒表示が可能である。この積層型反射型モノクロ液
晶表示素子は、斜めから見ても画素ずれがほとんど目立
たず、高い表示画像品質であった。
（実施例３）まず、以下のようにして積層型空セルを作
製した。図６に本実施例３で用いた積層型空セルＰ３の
概略断面図を示す。As a result of manufacturing the multi-layer liquid crystal display element by such a method, it took about 3 hours to inject the liquid crystal material into the two empty cells. The obtained laminated reflection type monochrome liquid crystal display element is a blue display, and when each of the yellow liquid crystal display elements is in a selective reflection state, a white display is obtained, and a blue display is displayed.
When each of the yellow liquid crystal display elements is in a transmissive state, a black display is provided by the light absorption layer 12. By setting the transmission-selective reflection state of each liquid crystal display element arbitrarily, multi-tone black and white display is possible. In this laminated reflective monochrome liquid crystal display element, pixel deviation was hardly noticeable even when viewed obliquely, and the display image quality was high. (Example 3) First, a laminated empty cell was manufactured as follows. FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the stacked empty cell P3 used in the third embodiment.
【０１０８】片面にＩＴＯ透明電極膜が形成された厚さ
（ｄ’＝）２００μｍの透明なポリカーボネート（Ｐ
Ｃ）フィルム基板６’の該ＩＴＯ透明電極膜を、電極幅
１３５μｍ、スペース（各隣合う電極間の距離）１５μ
ｍの１５０μｍピッチＰの帯状の電極７２になるように
パターニングした。このパターニングされたＩＴＯ透明
電極７２上に、厚み６００Åのポリイミド系配向膜８を
形成し、その上に９μｍ径のスペーサ９ｂを散布した。A transparent polycarbonate (P 'with a thickness (d' =) 200 μm having an ITO transparent electrode film formed on one surface
C) The ITO transparent electrode film of the film substrate 6 ′ is formed with an electrode width of 135 μm and a space (distance between adjacent electrodes) of 15 μm.
Then, patterning was performed so as to form the strip-shaped electrode 72 having a pitch P of 150 μm. On the patterned ITO transparent electrode 72, a polyimide-based alignment film 8 having a thickness of 600 Å was formed, and spacers 9b having a diameter of 9 μm were scattered on the polyimide alignment film 8.
【０１０９】また、両面にＩＴＯ透明電極膜が形成され
た厚さ（ｃ’＝）１５０μｍの透明ＰＣフィルム基板４
５’の該両ＩＴＯ透明電極膜を、それぞれ電極幅１３５
μｍ、スペース（各隣合う電極間の距離）１５μｍの１
５０μｍピッチＰの帯状の電極７１、７２になるよう
に、且つ、それら帯状電極７１、７２が互いに直交する
ようにパターニングした。このパターニングされたＩＴ
Ｏ透明電極７１、７２上に前記と同様にそれぞれ配向膜
８を形成した。この両面ＩＴＯ電極７１、７２付きＰＣ
フィルム基板４５’の一方の面の配向膜８上にポリウレ
タン樹脂からなる熱可塑性樹脂をスクリーン印刷して柱
状樹脂構造物１３を形成し対向基板とした。柱状樹脂構
造物は径５０μｍ、高さ１０μｍであり、６００μｍ間
隔で画像表示エリア全面に形成した。なお、この柱状構
造物は後述する両基板の貼り合わせ・シール壁材硬化時
にスペーサ径と同等の高さまで圧縮される。Further, a transparent PC film substrate 4 having a thickness (c ′ =) of 150 μm and having ITO transparent electrode films formed on both sides thereof.
5'of both ITO transparent electrode films, each having an electrode width of 135
1 μm, space (distance between adjacent electrodes) 15 μm
Patterning was performed so that the strip electrodes 71 and 72 having a pitch P of 50 μm were formed and the strip electrodes 71 and 72 were orthogonal to each other. This patterned IT
The alignment films 8 were formed on the O transparent electrodes 71 and 72 in the same manner as described above. PC with double-sided ITO electrodes 71 and 72
A thermoplastic resin made of a polyurethane resin was screen-printed on the alignment film 8 on one surface of the film substrate 45 'to form a columnar resin structure 13, which was used as a counter substrate. The columnar resin structure had a diameter of 50 μm and a height of 10 μm and was formed on the entire surface of the image display area at intervals of 600 μm. Note that this columnar structure is compressed to a height equivalent to the spacer diameter when bonding both substrates and curing the seal wall material described later.
【０１１０】続いて、スペーサ９ｂを散布付着させた前
記基板６’上の周縁部にシール材ＸＮ２１（三井化学社
製）をスクリーン印刷してシール壁１０を形成した。こ
のシール壁形成にあたっては外部に連通開口する液晶材
料注入口部を形成した。Subsequently, a sealing material XN21 (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) was screen-printed on the peripheral portion of the substrate 6'on which the spacers 9b were scattered and attached to form the sealing wall 10. In forming this seal wall, a liquid crystal material injection port that is open to the outside is formed.
【０１１１】その後、基板６’のシール壁１０を形成し
た面と、基板４５’の柱状樹脂構造物１３を形成した面
とを向かい合わせて各ＩＴＯパターンが基板面に垂直な
方向から見て互いに直交するとともに各ＩＴＯパターン
の交差する部分でのちほど液晶表示素子にしたときに複
数の画素が１５０μｍの画素ピッチＰで形成されるよう
に両基板４５’、６’を貼り合わせ、１５０℃で１時間
加熱してシール材を硬化させて単層型赤色液晶表示素子
Ｒ用の空セルＳＲを得た。After that, the surface of the substrate 6 ′ on which the seal wall 10 is formed and the surface of the substrate 45 ′ on which the columnar resin structure 13 is formed are opposed to each other so that each ITO pattern is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface. Both substrates 45 'and 6'are attached to each other so that a plurality of pixels are formed with a pixel pitch P of 150 μm at the intersections of the respective ITO patterns which are orthogonal to each other, and later, at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. An empty cell SR for a single-layer red liquid crystal display element R was obtained by heating and curing the sealing material.
【０１１２】得られた単層型空セルＳＲの両面ＩＴＯ透
明電極７１、７２付きＰＣフィルム基板４５’の柱状樹
脂構造物１３を形成していない面の配向膜８上に５μｍ
径のスペーサ９ａを散布した。5 μm is formed on the alignment film 8 on the surface of the PC film substrate 45 ′ with the double-sided ITO transparent electrodes 71 and 72 of the obtained single-layer empty cell SR on which the columnar resin structure 13 is not formed.
Spacer 9a having a diameter was sprinkled.
【０１１３】別の両面ＩＴＯ透明電極膜付き厚さ（ｂ’
＝）１５０μｍの透明ＰＣフィルム基板２３’について
も前記のＰＣフィルム基板４５’と同様に該両ＩＴＯ透
明電極膜を、それぞれ１５０μｍピッチＰの帯状の電極
７１、７２になるように、且つ、それら帯状電極７１、
７２が互いに直交するようにパターニングし、両面に配
向膜８を、一方の面に柱状樹脂構造物１３を形成した。Thickness (b ') with another double-sided ITO transparent electrode film
=) For the transparent PC film substrate 23 'having a thickness of 150 μm, both ITO transparent electrode films are formed into strip-shaped electrodes 71 and 72 having a pitch P of 150 μm in the same manner as the PC film substrate 45'. Electrode 71,
Patterning was performed so that 72 were orthogonal to each other, and the alignment film 8 was formed on both surfaces, and the columnar resin structure 13 was formed on one surface.
【０１１４】続いて、前記のＰＣフィルム基板６’と同
様にスペーサ９ａを散布付着させた前記基板４５’上の
周縁部にシール壁１０を形成し、基板４５’のシール壁
１０を形成した面と、基板２３’の柱状樹脂構造物１３
を形成した面とを向かい合わせて各ＩＴＯパターンが基
板面に垂直な方向から見て互いに直交するとともに各Ｉ
ＴＯパターンの交差する部分でのちほど液晶表示素子に
したときに複数の画素が１５０μｍの画素ピッチＰで形
成されるように両基板２３’、４５’を貼り合わせ、シ
ール材を硬化させて２層型赤色、緑色液晶表示素子Ｒ、
Ｇ用の空セルＳＲ、ＳＧを得た。Subsequently, similarly to the PC film substrate 6 ', the seal wall 10 is formed on the peripheral portion of the substrate 45' on which the spacers 9a are dispersed and adhered, and the surface of the substrate 45 'on which the seal wall 10 is formed. And the columnar resin structure 13 of the substrate 23 '
The ITO patterns are made to face each other and are orthogonal to each other when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface.
The two substrates 23 ′ and 45 ′ are attached to each other so that a plurality of pixels are formed with a pixel pitch P of 150 μm when the liquid crystal display element is formed at the intersection of the TO patterns, and the sealing material is cured to form a two-layer type. Red and green liquid crystal display element R,
The empty cells SR and SG for G were obtained.
【０１１５】さらに得られた２層型空セルＳＲ、ＳＧの
うちの空セルＳＧの両面ＩＴＯ透明電極７１、７２付き
ＰＣフィルム基板２３’の柱状樹脂構造物１３を形成し
ていない面の配向膜８上に５μｍ径のスペーサ９ａを散
布した。Further, the alignment film on the surface of the PC film substrate 23 'with the double-sided ITO transparent electrodes 71, 72 of the empty cell SG of the obtained two-layer empty cells SR, SG on which the columnar resin structure 13 is not formed. The spacers 9 a having a diameter of 5 μm were dispersed on the surface of No. 8.
【０１１６】別の片面ＩＴＯ透明電極膜付き厚さ（ａ’
＝）２００μｍの透明ＰＣフィルム基板１’についても
前記のＰＣフィルム基板６’と同様に該ＩＴＯ透明電極
膜を１５０μｍピッチＰの帯状の電極７１になるように
パターニングし、配向膜を８形成し、その上に前記のＰ
Ｃフィルム基板４５’と同様に柱状樹脂構造物１３を形
成した。Another thickness of one-sided ITO transparent electrode film (a '
=) For the transparent PC film substrate 1'having a thickness of 200 μm, the ITO transparent electrode film is patterned to be strip-shaped electrodes 71 having a pitch P of 150 μm in the same manner as the PC film substrate 6 ', and eight alignment films are formed, On top of that P
The columnar resin structure 13 was formed in the same manner as the C film substrate 45 ′.
【０１１７】続いて、前記のＰＣフィルム基板６’と同
様にスペーサ９ａを散布付着させた前記基板２３’上の
周縁部にシール壁１０を形成し、基板２３’のシール壁
１０を形成した面と、基板１’の柱状樹脂構造物１３を
形成した面とを向かい合わせて各ＩＴＯパターンが基板
面に垂直な方向から見て互いに直交するとともに各ＩＴ
Ｏパターンの交差する部分でのちほど液晶表示素子にし
たときに複数の画素が１５０μｍの画素ピッチＰで形成
されるように両基板１’、２３’を貼り合わせ、シール
材を硬化させて３層型赤色、緑色、青色液晶表示素子
Ｒ、Ｇ、Ｂ用の空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢを得た。なお、
各基板を貼り合わせる際には、空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢ
の間で、それぞれの空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢに形成され
た電極の前記複数画素が形成され得る部分の重なりを互
いに整合させた。Subsequently, similarly to the PC film substrate 6 ', the seal wall 10 is formed on the peripheral portion of the substrate 23' on which the spacers 9a are dispersed and adhered, and the surface of the substrate 23 'on which the seal wall 10 is formed. And the surface of the substrate 1 ′ on which the columnar resin structure 13 is formed face each other, and the ITO patterns are orthogonal to each other when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, and each IT
The two substrates 1 ′ and 23 ′ are attached to each other so that a plurality of pixels are formed with a pixel pitch P of 150 μm at the intersection of the O patterns, and the sealing material is cured to form a three-layer type. Empty cells SR, SG and SB for red, green and blue liquid crystal display elements R, G and B were obtained. In addition,
When bonding the substrates together, empty cells SR, SG, SB
In between, the overlaps of the portions of the electrodes formed in the empty cells SR, SG, SB where the plurality of pixels can be formed are aligned with each other.
【０１１８】このようにして得られた４枚のＰＣフィル
ム基板による三層積層型空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢのうち
の赤色液晶表示素子用空セルＳＲ外面に光吸収層１２を
形成して積層型空セルＰ３を得た。空セルＰ３の画像表
示面の寸法は１２０ｍｍ×９０ｍｍである。この積層型
空セルＰ３においては、空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢのそれ
ぞれの液晶材料注入口部が空セルＰ３における同じ辺の
異なる部位に位置している。The light absorption layer 12 is formed and laminated on the outer surface of the empty cell SR for the red liquid crystal display element among the three-layer laminated empty cells SR, SG and SB by the thus obtained four PC film substrates. An empty cell P3 was obtained. The size of the image display surface of the empty cell P3 is 120 mm × 90 mm. In the stacked empty cell P3, the liquid crystal material injection ports of the empty cells SR, SG, and SB are located at different positions on the same side of the empty cell P3.
【０１１９】このようにして得られた積層型空セルＰ３
に液晶材料を真空注入した。液晶材料は、以下のように
調製した。Stacked empty cell P3 thus obtained
The liquid crystal material was vacuum-injected into. The liquid crystal material was prepared as follows.
【０１２０】ネマティック液晶Ａ（屈折率異方性Δｎ
０．１８７、誘電率異方性Δε４．４７）、ネマティッ
ク液晶Ｂ（Δｎ０．１７７、Δε５．３３）、ネマティ
ック液晶Ｃ（Δｎ０．２０、Δε６．２５）に対して、
それぞれにカイラル材料Ｓ−８１１（メルク社製）を所
定量添加し、赤色表示用の液晶組成物Ｌｒ、緑色表示用
の液晶組成物Ｌｇ、青色表示用の液晶組成物Ｌｂを調製
した。液晶組成物Ｌｒは６８０ｎｍ付近の、液晶組成物
Ｌｇは５６０ｎｍ付近の、液晶組成物Ｌｂは４８０ｎｍ
付近の波長の光を選択反射できる。Nematic liquid crystal A (refractive index anisotropy Δn
0.187, dielectric anisotropy Δε4.47), nematic liquid crystal B (Δn0.177, Δε5.33), nematic liquid crystal C (Δn0.20, Δε6.25),
A predetermined amount of chiral material S-811 (manufactured by Merck) was added to each to prepare a liquid crystal composition Lr for red display, a liquid crystal composition Lg for green display, and a liquid crystal composition Lb for blue display. The liquid crystal composition Lr is around 680 nm, the liquid crystal composition Lg is around 560 nm, and the liquid crystal composition Lb is 480 nm.
It can selectively reflect light of wavelengths in the vicinity.
【０１２１】積層型空セルＰ３への液晶材料の真空注入
は、次のようにして行った。すなわち、実施例１と同様
に、前記の積層型空セルＰ３を各注入口部が上になるよ
うに真空槽内に設置した。Vacuum injection of the liquid crystal material into the laminated empty cell P3 was performed as follows. That is, as in Example 1, the stacked empty cell P3 was placed in a vacuum chamber so that each injection port faced upward.
【０１２２】次に真空槽内を例えば０．１３３Ｐａ（１
０-3Ｔｏｒｒ）程度まで減圧して所定の真空雰囲気圧と
し、液晶材料Ｌｒ、Ｌｇ、Ｌｂを空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、Ｓ
Ｂの注入口部を覆うようにその上に配置した後、弁を開
いて真空槽内に窒素ガスを導入して真空槽内を略大気圧
にすることで、液晶材料Ｌｒ、Ｌｇ、Ｌｂを注入口部か
ら各空セル内へ注入充填した。Next, in the vacuum chamber, for example, 0.133 Pa (1
The liquid crystal materials Lr, Lg, Lb are filled with empty cells SR, SG, S by reducing the pressure to about 0 −3 Torr) to a predetermined vacuum atmosphere pressure.
The liquid crystal materials Lr, Lg, and Lb are removed by arranging B on the inlet so as to cover the inlet, and then opening the valve to introduce nitrogen gas into the vacuum chamber to bring the inside of the vacuum chamber to substantially atmospheric pressure. Each empty cell was injected and filled from the inlet.
【０１２３】そのあと各注入口部を封止剤フォトレック
ｆ（積水ファインケミカル社製）で封止した。かくして
積層型液晶表示素子を得た。After that, each injection port was sealed with a sealant Photorec f (manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.). Thus, a multi-layer liquid crystal display device was obtained.
【０１２４】このような方法で積層型液晶表示素子を作
製した結果、３層の各空セルへの液晶材料の注入に要し
た時間は約３時間であった。得られた積層型反射型フル
カラー液晶表示素子は、斜めから見ても画素ずれがあま
り目立たず、高い表示画像品質であった。
（実施例４）まず、以下のようにして積層型空セルを作
製した。図７に本実施例４で用いた積層型空セルＰ４の
概略断面図を示す。As a result of manufacturing the multi-layer liquid crystal display element by such a method, the time required for injecting the liquid crystal material into each of the three layers of empty cells was about 3 hours. The resulting laminated reflective full-color liquid crystal display device had a high display image quality with less noticeable pixel shift even when viewed obliquely. (Example 4) First, a laminated empty cell was manufactured as follows. FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view of the stacked empty cell P4 used in the fourth embodiment.
【０１２５】片面にＩＴＯ透明電極膜が形成された厚さ
（ｄ’＝）３００μｍの透明なポリカーボネート（Ｐ
Ｃ）フィルム基板６’の該ＩＴＯ透明電極膜を、電極幅
１３５μｍ、スペース（各隣合う電極間の距離）１５μ
ｍの１５０μｍピッチＰの帯状の電極７２になるように
パターニングした。このパターニングされたＩＴＯ透明
電極７２上に、厚み６００Åのポリイミド系配向膜８を
形成し、その上に９μｍ径のスペーサ９ｂを散布した。A transparent polycarbonate (P ') having a thickness (d' =) of 300 μm and having an ITO transparent electrode film formed on one surface thereof.
C) The ITO transparent electrode film of the film substrate 6 ′ is formed with an electrode width of 135 μm and a space (distance between adjacent electrodes) of 15 μm.
Then, patterning was performed so as to form the strip-shaped electrode 72 having a pitch P of 150 μm. On the patterned ITO transparent electrode 72, a polyimide-based alignment film 8 having a thickness of 600 Å was formed, and spacers 9b having a diameter of 9 μm were scattered on the polyimide alignment film 8.
【０１２６】また、両面にＩＴＯ透明電極膜が形成され
た厚さ（ｃ’＝）３００μｍの透明ＰＣフィルム基板４
５’の該両ＩＴＯ透明電極膜を、それぞれ電極幅１３５
μｍ、スペース（各隣合う電極間の距離）１５μｍの１
５０μｍピッチＰの帯状の電極７１、７２になるよう
に、且つ、それら帯状電極７１、７２が互いに直交する
ようにパターニングした。このパターニングされたＩＴ
Ｏ透明電極７１、７２上に前記と同様にそれぞれ配向膜
８を形成した。この両面ＩＴＯ電極７１、７２付きＰＣ
フィルム基板４５’の一方の面の配向膜８上にポリウレ
タン樹脂からなる熱可塑性樹脂をスクリーン印刷して柱
状樹脂構造物１３を形成し対向基板とした。柱状樹脂構
造物は径５０μｍ、高さ１０μｍであり、６００μｍ間
隔で画像表示エリア全面に形成した。なお、この柱状構
造物は後述する両基板の貼り合わせ・シール壁材硬化時
にスペーサ径と同等の高さまで圧縮される。Further, a transparent PC film substrate 4 having a thickness (c ′ =) of 300 μm and having ITO transparent electrode films formed on both sides thereof.
5'of both ITO transparent electrode films, each having an electrode width of 135
1 μm, space (distance between adjacent electrodes) 15 μm
Patterning was performed so that the strip electrodes 71 and 72 having a pitch P of 50 μm were formed and the strip electrodes 71 and 72 were orthogonal to each other. This patterned IT
The alignment films 8 were formed on the O transparent electrodes 71 and 72 in the same manner as described above. PC with double-sided ITO electrodes 71 and 72
A thermoplastic resin made of a polyurethane resin was screen-printed on the alignment film 8 on one surface of the film substrate 45 'to form a columnar resin structure 13, which was used as a counter substrate. The columnar resin structure had a diameter of 50 μm and a height of 10 μm and was formed on the entire surface of the image display area at intervals of 600 μm. Note that this columnar structure is compressed to a height equivalent to the spacer diameter when bonding both substrates and curing the seal wall material described later.
【０１２７】続いて、スペーサ９ｂを散布付着させた前
記基板６’上の周縁部にシール材ＸＮ２１（三井化学社
製）をスクリーン印刷してシール壁１０を形成した。こ
のシール壁形成にあたっては外部に連通開口する液晶材
料注入口部を形成した。Subsequently, a sealing material XN21 (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) was screen-printed on the peripheral portion of the substrate 6'on which the spacers 9b were scattered and attached to form the sealing wall 10. In forming this seal wall, a liquid crystal material injection port that is open to the outside is formed.
【０１２８】その後、基板６’のシール壁１０を形成し
た面と、基板４５’の柱状樹脂構造物１３を形成した面
とを向かい合わせて各ＩＴＯパターンが基板面に垂直な
方向から見て互いに直交するとともに各ＩＴＯパターン
の交差する部分でのちほど液晶表示素子にしたときに複
数の画素が１５０μｍの画素ピッチＰで形成されるよう
に両基板４５’、６’を貼り合わせ、１５０℃で１時間
加熱してシール材を硬化させて単層型赤色液晶表示素子
Ｒ用の空セルＳＲを得た。After that, the surface of the substrate 6'on which the seal wall 10 is formed and the surface of the substrate 45 'on which the columnar resin structure 13 is formed are opposed to each other so that each ITO pattern is seen from the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface. Both substrates 45 'and 6'are attached to each other so that a plurality of pixels are formed with a pixel pitch P of 150 μm at the intersections of the respective ITO patterns which are orthogonal to each other, and later, at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. An empty cell SR for a single-layer red liquid crystal display element R was obtained by heating and curing the sealing material.
【０１２９】得られた単層型空セルＳＲの両面ＩＴＯ透
明電極７１、７２付きＰＣフィルム基板４５’の柱状樹
脂構造物１３を形成していない面の配向膜８上に５μｍ
径のスペーサ９ａを散布した。5 μm is formed on the alignment film 8 on the surface of the PC film substrate 45 ′ with the double-sided ITO transparent electrodes 71 and 72 of the obtained single-layer empty cell SR on which the columnar resin structure 13 is not formed.
Spacer 9a having a diameter was sprinkled.
【０１３０】別の両面ＩＴＯ透明電極膜付き厚さ（ｂ’
＝）３００μｍの透明ＰＣフィルム基板２３’について
も前記のＰＣフィルム基板４５’と同様に該両ＩＴＯ透
明電極膜を、それぞれ１５０μｍピッチＰの帯状の電極
７１、７２になるように、且つ、それら帯状電極７１、
７２が互いに直交するようにパターニングし、両面に配
向膜８を、一方の面に柱状樹脂構造物１３を形成した。Thickness (b ') with another double-sided ITO transparent electrode film
=) For the transparent PC film substrate 23 ′ having a thickness of 300 μm, both ITO transparent electrode films are formed into strip-shaped electrodes 71 and 72 having a pitch P of 150 μm in the same manner as the above-mentioned PC film substrate 45 ′. Electrode 71,
Patterning was performed so that 72 were orthogonal to each other, and the alignment film 8 was formed on both surfaces, and the columnar resin structure 13 was formed on one surface.
【０１３１】続いて、前記のＰＣフィルム基板６’と同
様にスペーサ９ａを散布付着させた前記基板４５’上の
周縁部にシール壁１０を形成し、基板４５’のシール壁
１０を形成した面と、基板２３’の柱状樹脂構造物１３
を形成した面とを向かい合わせて各ＩＴＯパターンが基
板面に垂直な方向から見て互いに直交するとともに各Ｉ
ＴＯパターンの交差する部分でのちほど液晶表示素子に
したときに複数の画素が１５０μｍの画素ピッチＰで形
成されるように両基板２３’、４５’を貼り合わせ、シ
ール材を硬化させて２層型赤色、緑色液晶表示素子Ｒ、
Ｇ用の空セルＳＲ、ＳＧを得た。Subsequently, similarly to the PC film substrate 6 ', the seal wall 10 is formed on the peripheral portion of the substrate 45' on which the spacers 9a are dispersed and adhered, and the surface of the substrate 45 'on which the seal wall 10 is formed. And the columnar resin structure 13 of the substrate 23 '
The ITO patterns are made to face each other and are orthogonal to each other when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface.
The two substrates 23 ′ and 45 ′ are attached to each other so that a plurality of pixels are formed with a pixel pitch P of 150 μm when the liquid crystal display element is formed at the intersection of the TO patterns, and the sealing material is cured to form a two-layer type. Red and green liquid crystal display element R,
The empty cells SR and SG for G were obtained.
【０１３２】さらに得られた２層型空セルＳＲ、ＳＧの
うちの空セルＳＧの両面ＩＴＯ透明電極７１、７２付き
ＰＣフィルム基板２３’の柱状樹脂構造物１３を形成し
ていない面の配向膜８上に５μｍ径のスペーサ９ａを散
布した。Further, the alignment film on the surface of the PC film substrate 23 'with the double-sided ITO transparent electrodes 71, 72 of the empty cell SG of the obtained two-layer empty cells SR, SG where the columnar resin structure 13 is not formed. The spacers 9 a having a diameter of 5 μm were dispersed on the surface of No. 8.
【０１３３】別の片面ＩＴＯ透明電極膜付き厚さ（ａ’
＝）３００μｍの透明ＰＣフィルム基板１’についても
前記のＰＣフィルム基板６’と同様に該ＩＴＯ透明電極
膜を１５０μｍピッチＰの帯状の電極７１になるように
パターニングし、配向膜を８形成し、その上に前記のＰ
Ｃフィルム基板４５’と同様に柱状樹脂構造物１３を形
成した。Another thickness of one-sided ITO transparent electrode film (a '
=) For the transparent PC film substrate 1 ′ having a thickness of 300 μm, the ITO transparent electrode film is patterned to be strip-shaped electrodes 71 having a pitch P of 150 μm and the alignment film 8 is formed in the same manner as the PC film substrate 6 ′. On top of that P
The columnar resin structure 13 was formed in the same manner as the C film substrate 45 ′.
【０１３４】続いて、前記のＰＣフィルム基板６’と同
様にスペーサ９ａを散布付着させた前記基板２３’上の
周縁部にシール壁１０を形成し、基板２３’のシール壁
１０を形成した面と、基板１’の柱状樹脂構造物１３を
形成した面とを向かい合わせて各ＩＴＯパターンが基板
面に垂直な方向から見て互いに直交するとともに各ＩＴ
Ｏパターンの交差する部分でのちほど液晶表示素子にし
たときに複数の画素が１５０μｍの画素ピッチＰで形成
されるように両基板１’、２３’を貼り合わせ、シール
材を硬化させて３層型赤色、緑色、青色液晶表示素子
Ｒ、Ｇ、Ｂ用の空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢを得た。なお、
各基板を貼り合わせる際には、空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢ
の間で、それぞれの空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢに形成され
た電極の前記複数画素が形成され得る部分の重なりを互
いに整合させた。Subsequently, similarly to the PC film substrate 6 ', the seal wall 10 is formed on the peripheral portion of the substrate 23' on which the spacers 9a are scattered and adhered, and the surface of the substrate 23 'on which the seal wall 10 is formed. And the surface of the substrate 1 ′ on which the columnar resin structure 13 is formed face each other, and the ITO patterns are orthogonal to each other when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, and each IT
The two substrates 1 ′ and 23 ′ are attached to each other so that a plurality of pixels are formed with a pixel pitch P of 150 μm at the intersection of the O patterns, and the sealing material is cured to form a three-layer type. Empty cells SR, SG and SB for red, green and blue liquid crystal display elements R, G and B were obtained. In addition,
When bonding the substrates together, empty cells SR, SG, SB
In between, the overlaps of the portions of the electrodes formed in the empty cells SR, SG, SB where the plurality of pixels can be formed are aligned with each other.
【０１３５】このようにして得られた４枚のＰＣフィル
ム基板による三層積層型空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢのうち
の赤色液晶表示素子用空セルＳＲ外面に光吸収層１２を
形成して積層型空セルＰ４を得た。空セルＰ４の画像表
示面の寸法は１２０ｍｍ×９０ｍｍである。この積層型
空セルＰ４においては、空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、ＳＢのそれ
ぞれの液晶材料注入口部が空セルＰ４における同じ辺の
異なる部位に位置している。The light absorption layer 12 is formed on the outer surface of the empty cell SR for the red liquid crystal display element among the three-layer laminated empty cells SR, SG and SB by the thus obtained four PC film substrates and laminated. An empty cell P4 was obtained. The size of the image display surface of the empty cell P4 is 120 mm × 90 mm. In the stacked empty cell P4, the liquid crystal material injection ports of the empty cells SR, SG, and SB are located at different positions on the same side of the empty cell P4.
【０１３６】このようにして得られた積層型空セルＰ４
に液晶材料を真空注入した。液晶材料は、以下のように
調製した。Stacked empty cell P4 thus obtained
The liquid crystal material was vacuum-injected into. The liquid crystal material was prepared as follows.
【０１３７】ネマティック液晶Ａ（屈折率異方性Δｎ
０．１８７、誘電率異方性Δε４．４７）、ネマティッ
ク液晶Ｂ（Δｎ０．１７７、Δε５．３３）、ネマティ
ック液晶Ｃ（Δｎ０．２０、Δε６．２５）に対して、
それぞれにカイラル材料Ｓ−８１１（メルク社製）を所
定量添加し、赤色表示用の液晶組成物Ｌｒ、緑色表示用
の液晶組成物Ｌｇ、青色表示用の液晶組成物Ｌｂを調製
した。液晶組成物Ｌｒは６８０ｎｍ付近の、液晶組成物
Ｌｇは５６０ｎｍ付近の、液晶組成物Ｌｂは４８０ｎｍ
付近の波長の光を選択反射できる。Nematic liquid crystal A (refractive index anisotropy Δn
0.187, dielectric anisotropy Δε4.47), nematic liquid crystal B (Δn0.177, Δε5.33), nematic liquid crystal C (Δn0.20, Δε6.25),
A predetermined amount of chiral material S-811 (manufactured by Merck) was added to each to prepare a liquid crystal composition Lr for red display, a liquid crystal composition Lg for green display, and a liquid crystal composition Lb for blue display. The liquid crystal composition Lr is around 680 nm, the liquid crystal composition Lg is around 560 nm, and the liquid crystal composition Lb is 480 nm.
It can selectively reflect light of wavelengths in the vicinity.
【０１３８】積層型空セルＰ４への液晶材料の真空注入
は、次のようにして行った。すなわち、実施例１と同様
に、前記の積層型空セルＰ４を各注入口部が上になるよ
うに真空槽内に設置した。Vacuum injection of the liquid crystal material into the laminated empty cell P4 was performed as follows. That is, as in Example 1, the laminated empty cell P4 was placed in a vacuum chamber so that each injection port faced upward.
【０１３９】次に真空槽内を例えば０．１３３Ｐａ（１
０-3Ｔｏｒｒ）程度まで減圧して所定の真空雰囲気圧と
し、液晶材料Ｌｒ、Ｌｇ、Ｌｂを空セルＳＲ、ＳＧ、Ｓ
Ｂの注入口部を覆うようにその上に配置した後、弁を開
いて真空槽内に窒素ガスを導入して真空槽内を略大気圧
にすることで、液晶材料Ｌｒ、Ｌｇ、Ｌｂを注入口部か
ら各空セル内へ注入充填した。Next, for example, 0.133 Pa (1
The liquid crystal materials Lr, Lg, Lb are filled with empty cells SR, SG, S by reducing the pressure to about 0 −3 Torr) to a predetermined vacuum atmosphere pressure.
The liquid crystal materials Lr, Lg, and Lb are removed by arranging B on the inlet so as to cover the inlet, and then opening the valve to introduce nitrogen gas into the vacuum chamber to bring the inside of the vacuum chamber to substantially atmospheric pressure. Each empty cell was injected and filled from the inlet.
【０１４０】そのあと各注入口部を封止剤フォトレック
ｆ（積水ファインケミカル社製）で封止した。かくして
積層型液晶表示素子を得た。Then, each injection port was sealed with a sealant Photorec f (manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.). Thus, a multi-layer liquid crystal display device was obtained.
【０１４１】このような方法で積層型液晶表示素子を作
製した結果、３層の各空セルへの液晶材料の注入に要し
た時間は約２時間半であった。得られた積層型反射型フ
ルカラー液晶表示素子は、斜めから見ても画素ずれがあ
まり目立たず、高い表示画像品質であった。
（実施例５）実施例１と同様に積層型液晶素子の積層型
空セルＰ５を作製し（図３参照）、液晶材料を調製し
た。但し、積層型空セルＰ５のいずれの基板１〜６も、
ＰＣフィルム基板に代えて、透明なポリエーテルスルフ
ォン（ＰＥＳ）フィルム基板を用いた。As a result of manufacturing the multi-layer liquid crystal display element by such a method, the time required for injecting the liquid crystal material into each of the three empty cells was about two and a half hours. The resulting laminated reflective full-color liquid crystal display device had a high display image quality with less noticeable pixel shift even when viewed obliquely. (Example 5) In the same manner as in Example 1, a laminated empty cell P5 of a laminated liquid crystal element was prepared (see Fig. 3), and a liquid crystal material was prepared. However, in any of the substrates 1 to 6 of the stacked empty cell P5,
A transparent polyether sulfone (PES) film substrate was used instead of the PC film substrate.
【０１４２】このようにして得られた積層型空セルＰ５
に実施例１と同様に液晶材料を真空注入、封止して積層
型液晶表示素子を得た。Stacked empty cell P5 thus obtained
A liquid crystal material was vacuum-injected and sealed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a multi-layer liquid crystal display element.
【０１４３】このような方法で積層型液晶表示素子を作
製した結果、３層の各空セルへの液晶材料の注入に要し
た時間は約３時間であった。得られた積層型反射型フル
カラー液晶表示素子は、斜めから見ても画素ずれがあま
り目立たず、高い表示画像品質であった。
（比較例１）実施例１と同様に積層型液晶素子の積層型
空セルＰ６を作製し、液晶材料を調製した。但し、積層
型空セルＰ６のいずれの基板１〜６も、厚さ（ａ＝ｂ１
＝ｂ２＝ｃ１＝ｃ２＝ｄ＝）１００μｍの透明なＰＣフ
ィルム基板を用いた。図８に本比較例１で用いた積層型
空セルＰ６の概略断面図を示す。As a result of manufacturing the multi-layer liquid crystal display element by such a method, it took about 3 hours to inject the liquid crystal material into the three empty cells. The resulting laminated reflective full-color liquid crystal display device had a high display image quality with less noticeable pixel shift even when viewed obliquely. (Comparative Example 1) In the same manner as in Example 1, a laminated empty cell P6 of a laminated liquid crystal element was prepared and a liquid crystal material was prepared. However, each of the substrates 1 to 6 of the stacked empty cell P6 has a thickness (a = b1).
= B2 = c1 = c2 = d =) A 100 μm transparent PC film substrate was used. FIG. 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the stacked empty cell P6 used in Comparative Example 1.
【０１４４】このようにして得られた積層型空セルＰ６
に実施例１と同様に液晶材料を真空注入、封止して積層
型液晶表示素子を得た。Stacked empty cell P6 thus obtained
A liquid crystal material was vacuum-injected and sealed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a multi-layer liquid crystal display element.
【０１４５】このような方法で積層型液晶表示素子を作
製した結果、得られた積層型反射型フルカラー液晶表示
素子は、斜めから見ても画素ずれがあまり目立たず、高
い表示画像品質であったが、３層の各空セルへの液晶材
料の注入には約５時間を要した。
（比較例２）実施例１と同様に積層型液晶素子の積層型
空セルＰ７を作製し、液晶材料を調製した。但し、積層
型空セルＰ７のいずれの基板１〜６も、厚さ（ａ＝ｂ１
＝ｂ２＝ｃ１＝ｃ２＝ｄ＝）２００μｍの透明なＰＣフ
ィルム基板を用いた。図９に本比較例２で用いた積層型
空セルＰ７の概略断面図を示す。As a result of manufacturing the multi-layer liquid crystal display element by such a method, the multi-layer reflective full-color liquid crystal display element obtained has a high display image quality with less noticeable pixel shift even when viewed obliquely. However, it took about 5 hours to inject the liquid crystal material into each of the three empty cells. (Comparative Example 2) In the same manner as in Example 1, a laminated empty cell P7 of a laminated liquid crystal element was prepared and a liquid crystal material was prepared. However, all the substrates 1 to 6 of the stacked empty cell P7 have a thickness (a = b1).
= B2 = c1 = c2 = d =) A 200 μm transparent PC film substrate was used. FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the stacked empty cell P7 used in this Comparative Example 2.
【０１４６】このようにして得られた積層型空セルＰ７
に実施例１と同様に液晶材料を真空注入、封止して積層
型液晶表示素子を得た。Stacked empty cell P7 thus obtained
A liquid crystal material was vacuum-injected and sealed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a multi-layer liquid crystal display element.
【０１４７】このような方法で積層型液晶表示素子を作
製した結果、３層の各空セルへの液晶材料の注入に要し
た時間は約３時間であった。しかし得られた積層型反射
型フルカラー液晶表示素子は、斜めから見ると画素ずれ
が大きく、高精細な表示画像において色のにじみが目立
った。
（比較例３）実施例１と同様に積層型液晶素子の積層型
空セルＰ８を作製し、液晶材料を調製した。但し、積層
型空セルＰ８のいずれの基板１〜６も、ＰＣフィルム基
板に代えて、厚さ（ａ＝ｂ１＝ｂ２＝ｃ１＝ｃ２＝ｄ
＝）１００μｍの透明なＰＥＳフィルム基板を用いた
（図８参照）。As a result of manufacturing the multi-layer liquid crystal display element by such a method, it took about 3 hours to inject the liquid crystal material into each of the three empty cells. However, in the obtained laminated reflective full-color liquid crystal display element, the pixel shift was large when viewed obliquely, and color bleeding was conspicuous in a high-definition display image. (Comparative Example 3) In the same manner as in Example 1, a laminated empty cell P8 of a laminated liquid crystal element was prepared and a liquid crystal material was prepared. However, any of the substrates 1 to 6 of the stacked empty cell P8 is replaced with a PC film substrate and has a thickness (a = b1 = b2 = c1 = c2 = d).
=) A transparent PES film substrate of 100 μm was used (see FIG. 8).
【０１４８】このようにして得られた積層型空セルＰ８
に実施例１と同様に液晶材料を真空注入、封止して積層
型液晶表示素子を得た。Stacked empty cell P8 thus obtained
A liquid crystal material was vacuum-injected and sealed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a multi-layer liquid crystal display element.
【０１４９】このような方法で積層型液晶表示素子を作
製した結果、得られた積層型反射型フルカラー液晶表示
素子は、斜めから見ても画素ずれがあまり目立たず、高
い表示画像品質であったが、３層の各空セルへの液晶材
料の注入には約５時間を要した。As a result of producing a multi-layer liquid crystal display element by such a method, the multi-layer reflective full-color liquid crystal display element obtained had a high display image quality with less noticeable pixel shift even when viewed obliquely. However, it took about 5 hours to inject the liquid crystal material into each of the three empty cells.
【０１５０】[0150]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明によると、そ
れぞれが一対のフィルム基板間に挟持され、可視光選択
反射特性を有する複数の液晶層を重ねた積層型液晶表示
素子であって、基板間に液晶材料を速く真空注入して効
率よく製造できる積層型液晶表示素子を提供することが
できる。As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a laminated liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers each having a visible light selective reflection characteristic are stacked and sandwiched between a pair of film substrates. It is possible to provide a multi-layer liquid crystal display device capable of efficiently injecting a liquid crystal material in a vacuum in the meantime.
【０１５１】また本発明によると、それぞれが一対のフ
ィルム基板間に挟持され、可視光選択反射特性を有する
複数の液晶層を重ねた積層型液晶表示素子であって、前
記複数の液晶層のそれぞれについて複数の画素が形成さ
れている場合でも、素子を斜めから観察したときの画素
ずれが抑制され、それだけ表示画像品質良好な積層型液
晶表示素子を提供することができる。Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a multi-layer liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers each having a visible light selective reflection characteristic are stacked and sandwiched between a pair of film substrates, each of the plurality of liquid crystal layers being provided. Even when a plurality of pixels are formed, the pixel displacement when the device is obliquely observed is suppressed, and thus a multi-layer liquid crystal display device having a good display image quality can be provided.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】フルカラー表示を行える反射型の積層型液晶表
示素子の一例の概略断面図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a reflective multi-layer liquid crystal display element capable of full-color display.
【図２】反射型の積層型液晶表示素子の他の例の概略断
面図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another example of a reflective multilayer liquid crystal display element.
【図３】実施例１及び実施例５で用いた積層型空セルの
概略断面図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of stacked empty cells used in Examples 1 and 5.
【図４】図（Ａ）は積層型空セルにおける各空セルに所
定の液晶材料を注入する装置例の概略構成を示す図であ
り、図（Ｂ）は該装置により製造された積層型液晶表示
素子の概略正面図である。FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an example of an apparatus for injecting a predetermined liquid crystal material into each empty cell in a laminated empty cell, and FIG. 4B is a laminated liquid crystal manufactured by the apparatus. It is a schematic front view of a display element.
【図５】実施例２で用いた積層型空セルの概略断面図で
ある。FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stacked empty cell used in Example 2.
【図６】実施例３で用いた積層型空セルの概略断面図で
ある。FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stacked empty cell used in Example 3.
【図７】実施例４で用いた積層型空セルの概略断面図で
ある。FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stacked empty cell used in Example 4.
【図８】比較例１及び比較例３で用いた積層型空セルの
概略断面図である。FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of stacked empty cells used in Comparative Examples 1 and 3.
【図９】比較例２で用いた積層型空セルの概略断面図で
ある。9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stacked empty cell used in Comparative Example 2. FIG.
【図１０】液晶材料の基板間配置を伴う基板貼り合わせ
工程を含む液晶表示セル製法例を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a liquid crystal display cell manufacturing method including a substrate bonding step that involves disposing a liquid crystal material between the substrates.
１、２ 一対のフィルム基板
３、４ 一対のフィルム基板
５、６ 一対のフィルム基板
１’、２’ 一対のフィルム基板
３’、４’ 一対のフィルム基板
５’、６’ 一対のフィルム基板
２３’ 基板２’又は基板３’を兼ねる基板３’又は基
板２’
４５’ 基板４’又は基板５’を兼ねる基板５’又は基
板４’
７１、７２ 透明電極
８ 配向膜
９ａ、９ｂ スペーサ
１０ シール壁
１１ａ、１１ｂ 透明な接着剤（接着シート）乃至粘着
剤（粘着シート）
１２ 可視光吸収層
１３ 柱状樹脂構造物
２１ 青色液晶層
２２ 緑色液晶層
２３ 赤色液晶層
Ｂ 青色液晶表示素子
Ｇ 緑色液晶表示素子
Ｒ 赤色液晶表示素子
Ｌｂ 青色表示用の液晶材料
Ｌｇ 緑色表示用の液晶材料
Ｌｒ 赤色表示用の液晶材料
Ｐ 所定の画素ピッチ
Ｐ１〜Ｐ５ 実施例１〜５で用いた積層型空セル
Ｐ６〜Ｐ８ 比較例１〜３で用いた積層型空セル
Ｓ 素子観察側
ＳＢ 青色液晶表示素子Ｂ用の単層の空セル
ＳＧ 緑色液晶表示素子Ｇ用の単層の空セル
ＳＲ 赤色液晶表示素子Ｒ用の単層の空セル
ＳＹ 黄色液晶表示素子Ｙ用の単層の空セル
ａ 基板１の厚さ
ｂ１ 基板２の厚さ
ｂ２ 基板３の厚さ
ｂ３ 基板２、３間に配置された接着層１１ａの厚さ
ｂ 厚さｂ１、ｂ２、ｂ３の合計（隣り合う液晶層２
１、２２間の距離）
ｃ１ 基板４の厚さ
ｃ２ 基板５の厚さ
ｃ３ 基板４、５間に配置された接着層１１ｂの厚さ
ｃ 厚さｃ１、ｃ２、ｃ３の合計（隣り合う液晶層２
２、２３間の距離）
ｄ 基板６の厚さ
ａ’ 基板１’の厚さ
ｂ’ 隣り合う液晶層２１、２２間の距離（基板２３’
（２’、３’）の厚さ）
ｃ’ 隣り合う液晶層２２、２３間の距離（基板４５’
（４’、５’）の厚さ）
ｄ’ 基板６’の厚さ
ｒ１ 空セルＳＲの液晶材料注入口部
ｇ１ 空セルＳＧの液晶材料注入口部
ｂ１ 空セルＳＢの液晶材料注入口部
ＢＳ 台
ＬＣ 液晶材料
ＲＬ ローラ等の部材
Ｓ1 、Ｓ2 一対の基板
ＳＬ シール材
Ｃ１ 真空槽
ＤＳ１ 排気装置
Ｖ１ 窒素ガス導入弁
Ｐｒ 液晶材料Ｌｒの注入管
Ｐｇ 液晶材料Ｌｇの注入管
Ｐｂ 液晶材料Ｌｂの注入管
Ｔｒ 液晶材料Ｌｒ収容タンク
Ｔｇ 液晶材料Ｌｇ収容タンク
Ｔｂ 液晶材料Ｌｂ収容タンク1, 2 a pair of film substrates 3, 4 a pair of film substrates 5, 6 a pair of film substrates 1 ′, 2 ′ a pair of film substrates 3 ′, 4 ′ a pair of film substrates 5 ′, 6 ′ a pair of film substrates 23 ′ Substrate 2'or Substrate 3'also as Substrate 3'or Substrate 2'45 'Substrate 5'or Substrate 5'or Substrate 5'also Substrate 5'71,72 Transparent Electrode 8 Alignment Films 9a, 9b Spacer 10 Seal Wall 11a , 11b Transparent adhesive (adhesive sheet) to adhesive (adhesive sheet) 12 Visible light absorbing layer 13 Columnar resin structure 21 Blue liquid crystal layer 22 Green liquid crystal layer 23 Red liquid crystal layer B Blue liquid crystal display element G Green liquid crystal display element R Red liquid crystal display element Lb Liquid crystal material for blue display Lg Liquid crystal material for green display Lr Liquid crystal material for red display P Predetermined pixel pitch P1 to P5 Stacked empty cells P6 to P8 used in Examples 1 to 5 Comparative example 1-3 Stacked empty cell S used in S. Observation side SB Single layer empty cell for blue liquid crystal display element SG Single layer empty cell for green liquid crystal display element SR Single layer empty cell for red liquid crystal display element R SY Single-layer empty cell for yellow liquid crystal display element a Thickness of substrate 1 b Thickness of substrate 2 b 2 Thickness of substrate 3 b 3 Thickness of adhesive layer 11a arranged between the substrates 2 and 3 b Thickness b1, b2, b3 total (adjacent liquid crystal layer 2
(Distance between 1 and 22) c1 thickness of the substrate 4 c2 thickness of the substrate 5 c3 thickness of the adhesive layer 11b arranged between the substrates 4 and 5 total of thicknesses c1, c2 and c3 (adjacent liquid crystal layers Two
Distance between 2 and 23 d Thickness of substrate 6 a ′ Thickness of substrate 1 ′ b ′ Distance between adjacent liquid crystal layers 21 and 22 (substrate 23 ′)
(Thickness of 2 ', 3') c'distance between adjacent liquid crystal layers 22, 23 (substrate 45 '
(Thickness of 4 ', 5') d'thickness of substrate 6'r1 liquid crystal material injection port g1 of empty cell SR liquid crystal material injection port b1 of empty cell SG liquid crystal material injection port BS of empty cell SB Table LC Liquid crystal material RL Members such as rollers S 1 and S 2 Pair of substrates SL Seal material C1 Vacuum chamber DS1 Exhaust device V1 Nitrogen gas introduction valve Pr Liquid crystal material Lr injection pipe Pg Liquid crystal material Lg injection pipe Pb Liquid crystal material Lb Injection tube Tr Liquid crystal material Lr storage tank Tg Liquid crystal material Lg storage tank Tb Liquid crystal material Lb storage tank
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 2H089 HA27 HA32 KA11 KA17 KA20 QA05 QA11 QA12 QA14 QA15 RA11 SA01 TA01 TA03 TA07 TA12 5C094 AA01 AA12 BA43 DA03 JA08 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page F term (reference) 2H089 HA27 HA32 KA11 KA17 KA20 QA05 QA11 QA12 QA14 QA15 RA11 SA01 TA01 TA03 TA07 TA12 5C094 AA01 AA12 BA43 DA03 JA08
Claims (5)
れ、可視光選択反射特性を有する複数の液晶層を重ねた
積層型液晶表示素子において、各隣り合う液晶層間に位
置するフィルム基板は２枚であり、最も外側に位置する
各フィルム基板の厚さが１８０μｍ以上で、且つ、各隣
り合う液晶層間に位置する２枚のフィルム基板の厚さの
合計が２４０μｍ以下であることを特徴とする積層型液
晶表示素子。1. In a multi-layer liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers each having a visible light selective reflection property are stacked, each sandwiched between a pair of film substrates, two film substrates are located between adjacent liquid crystal layers. And the thickness of each of the outermost film substrates is 180 μm or more, and the total thickness of the two film substrates located between the adjacent liquid crystal layers is 240 μm or less. LCD device.
フィルム基板の厚さがそれぞれ１２０μｍ以下である請
求項１記載の積層型液晶表示素子。2. The multi-layer liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the two film substrates located between the adjacent liquid crystal layers each have a thickness of 120 μm or less.
フィルム基板は該２枚のフィルム基板間に設けられた接
着層にて互いに接着されており、該２枚のフィルム基板
の合計厚さと該接着層の厚さの合計が２５０μｍ以下で
ある請求項１又は２記載の積層型液晶表示素子。3. The two film substrates located between the adjacent liquid crystal layers are adhered to each other by an adhesive layer provided between the two film substrates, and a total thickness of the two film substrates. 3. The multilayer liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the total thickness of the adhesive layer and the adhesive layer is 250 μm or less.
れ、可視光選択反射特性を有する複数の液晶層を重ねた
積層型液晶表示素子において、前記複数の液晶層のそれ
ぞれについて複数の画素が所定の画素ピッチで形成され
ており、最も外側に位置する各フィルム基板の厚さが１
８０μｍ以上で、且つ、各隣り合う液晶層間の距離が前
記画素ピッチの２．５倍以下であることを特徴とする積
層型液晶表示素子。4. A multi-layer liquid crystal display device, each of which is sandwiched between a pair of film substrates and in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers having a selective reflection property of visible light are stacked, and a plurality of pixels are predetermined for each of the plurality of liquid crystal layers. Are formed with a pixel pitch of, and the thickness of each outermost film substrate is 1
A multi-layer liquid crystal display device having a thickness of 80 μm or more and a distance between adjacent liquid crystal layers of 2.5 times or less the pixel pitch.
ｍ〜３００μｍである請求項４記載の積層型液晶表示素
子。5. The distance between adjacent liquid crystal layers is 180 μm.
The multi-layer liquid crystal display element according to claim 4, which has a thickness of m to 300 μm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001394239A JP2003195343A (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2001-12-26 | Stacked type liquid crystal display element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001394239A JP2003195343A (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2001-12-26 | Stacked type liquid crystal display element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003195343A true JP2003195343A (en) | 2003-07-09 |
Family
ID=27601031
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001394239A Withdrawn JP2003195343A (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2001-12-26 | Stacked type liquid crystal display element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2003195343A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2007040127A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2009-04-16 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device and television receiver |
| US8294736B2 (en) | 2006-11-20 | 2012-10-23 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device driving method, driving circuit, liquid crystal display device, and television receiver |
| US8451201B2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2013-05-28 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device drive method, liquid crystal display device, and television receiver |
-
2001
- 2001-12-26 JP JP2001394239A patent/JP2003195343A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2007040127A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2009-04-16 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device and television receiver |
| JP2011076107A (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2011-04-14 | Sharp Corp | Liquid crystal display |
| US8009248B2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2011-08-30 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display and television receiver |
| JP4878032B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2012-02-15 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device and television receiver |
| US8451201B2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2013-05-28 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device drive method, liquid crystal display device, and television receiver |
| US8294736B2 (en) | 2006-11-20 | 2012-10-23 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device driving method, driving circuit, liquid crystal display device, and television receiver |
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