JP2003143962A - Coastal environment monitoring method and environment mapping method using the same - Google Patents
Coastal environment monitoring method and environment mapping method using the sameInfo
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- JP2003143962A JP2003143962A JP2001351432A JP2001351432A JP2003143962A JP 2003143962 A JP2003143962 A JP 2003143962A JP 2001351432 A JP2001351432 A JP 2001351432A JP 2001351432 A JP2001351432 A JP 2001351432A JP 2003143962 A JP2003143962 A JP 2003143962A
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、沿岸域の環境調査
に関し、さらに詳しくは海岸の潮間帯を挟んだ陸側、及
び浅海域の有光層までを含んだ範囲の環境モニタリング
及びデータ整理、評価手法えを用いた環境マッピング方
法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to environmental surveys in coastal areas, and more specifically, environmental monitoring and data arrangement in a range including the land side across the intertidal zone of the coast and the euphotic layer in shallow sea areas. The present invention relates to an environment mapping method using an evaluation method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、潮間帯付近の動植物観察・環境調
査は「ベルトトランセクト法（BeltTransect metho
d）」と呼ばれる、対象域内での群集内またはいくつか
の群集を横切って海岸線に垂直な方向での基準線を引
き、それに沿った一定の狭い帯状の調査区を設定して、
限定された範囲に存在する個体数・分布などを調査する
方法が取られてきた。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the "Belt Transect method" has been used for observing flora and fauna near the intertidal zone and conducting environmental research.
Draw a reference line in the direction perpendicular to the shoreline, called a d), within or within the community within the area of interest, and set a narrow strip of survey area along it,
A method has been used to investigate the number and distribution of individuals existing in a limited range.
【０００３】つまり、海岸線から海側に向かって測線を
引き、その測線の両側にある程度の幅を持たせて動植物
の観察や環境調査を行う方法であり、対象とする沿岸域
全体のモニタリングではない。代表として側線を設け
て、その場に限って実施するものであり、調査内容も全
く異なる。（海洋調査観測指針参照）In other words, this is a method in which a survey line is drawn from the coastline toward the sea side, and both sides of the survey line are observed with a certain width to observe the flora and fauna and the environment, and not to monitor the entire target coastal area. . A sideline is set up as a representative, and it is conducted only on the spot, and the contents of the survey are completely different. (Refer to Guidelines for Ocean Survey and Observation)
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の「ベルトトラン
セクト法」は、上記に記載の通り、海岸線に対して直角
又はある程度の角度を持たせ、潮上帯から潮下帯までの
出現種及び個体数・被度を観察する方法である。As described above, the conventional "belt transect method" has a right angle or a certain angle with respect to the shoreline, and appears species and individuals from the tide zone to the tide zone. This is a method of observing the number and coverage.
【０００５】そのため、調査範囲が局所的（点）であ
る。Therefore, the survey range is local (point).
【０００６】従って、その地域（区域）の環境を評価す
る際には、代表点としての前提をつけなければならな
い。そのため、必ずしも適切な評価ができないこともあ
る。Therefore, when evaluating the environment of the area, it is necessary to make a premise as a representative point. Therefore, proper evaluation may not always be possible.
【０００７】また、海岸線が複雑な場合や、流入河川や
海岸構造物がある場合などは、数十ｍ離れれば環境が変
化する場合もあるため、この方法では中〜長期的に間違
った環境評価・判断をする可能性も秘めている。In addition, if the coastline is complicated, or if there is an inflowing river or a coastal structure, the environment may change at a distance of several tens of meters.・ There is also the possibility of making a decision.
【０００８】また、この手法では、極めて専門的な知識
を有しなければ調査を行うことが困難であり、更に海岸
線を直角又はある程度の角度を海側に持たせるというこ
とは、水深が深くなり、深海でのダイビング技術を有す
ることも、調査を行う上で必要になる。また、長時間を
必要として広域の調査（モニタリング）は不可能であ
る。[0008] Also, with this method, it is difficult to carry out an investigation unless one has extremely specialized knowledge. Further, having a shoreline at a right angle or a certain angle on the sea side means deeper water depth. Having deep-sea diving technology is also necessary for conducting surveys. Moreover, it takes a long time to conduct a wide-area survey (monitoring).
【０００９】本発明は、上述した事情を考慮してなされ
たものであり、調査範囲を平面的に、かつ専門知識を有
さない者でも沿岸域の環境評価を行うことができる手法
を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and provides a method for conducting a two-dimensional survey on a survey area and enabling a person who does not have specialized knowledge to evaluate the coastal environment. The purpose is to
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、調査対象生物
をその海域でよく観察され、環境評価に有効な種に絞り
込むことで、専門知識を必要とせず早く広範囲の観測が
可能で、環境に関心をもった地域住民などとの連携で調
査及び、環境教育を実施することが可能である。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention enables swift observation of a wide area without requiring specialized knowledge by narrowing down the species to be surveyed to those species that are often observed in the sea area and are effective for environmental assessment. It is possible to conduct surveys and conduct environmental education in collaboration with local residents who are interested in.
【００１１】また、潮間帯生物の他に海岸の基質や傾
斜、漂着しているゴミ、陸域部分の海岸生植物や潮下帯
の海藻などの周辺情報も収集することにより、海岸の潮
間帯を挟んだ陸側及び浅海域の有光層までを含んだ範囲
の環境評価が可能である。In addition to the intertidal organisms, the coastal intertidal zone can be collected by collecting information about the coastal substrate, slope, debris that has drifted, coastal plants in the land area, and seaweed in the subtidal zone. It is possible to evaluate the environment including the land side and the euphotic layer in shallow water.
【００１２】上記の特徴により、潮上帯から潮下帯まで
の幅を持たせながら、海岸線に沿って平行に観察を行う
ことで、面的に広範囲の調査を行うことを可能とした。With the above characteristics, it is possible to conduct a wide-area survey by observing in parallel along the shoreline while having a width from the tide zone to the tide zone.
【００１３】取得したデータに関しては、地理情報シス
テム（Geographical Information System）を用いてデ
ータベース化を行ってマッピングチャートを作成するこ
とにより、簡易で中長期的、また経年的なデータの蓄積
と解析が可能となる。With respect to the acquired data, it is possible to store and analyze the data easily by creating a mapping chart by creating a database using the Geographical Information System. Becomes
【００１４】マッピングチャートを可視化するというこ
とは、誰が見ても一目で、ある幅を持った海岸線の連続
的、また、経年的な環境変化を理解することが可能とな
る。Visualization of the mapping chart makes it possible for anyone to understand at a glance the continuous and secular change in the environment of a coastline having a certain width.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の実施の形態を以下に示
す。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
【００１６】本発明を実施するに当たって，調査対象海
域として潮間帯生物の生息できる環境（磯場・岩場・砂
場等）を含む沿岸域地帯を選定する必要がある。In carrying out the present invention, it is necessary to select a coastal zone including an environment (an shore, a rocky place, a sandy place, etc.) in which intertidal organisms can live as a target sea area.
【００１７】また、実施時期については生態系のサイク
ルに合わせて季節毎の年４回、或いは年２回実施するこ
とが望ましい。また、調査地点の潮間帯から潮下帯にか
けて生育し、環境指標となる海藻の繁茂期、及び衰退期
に設定することが一つの目安となる。さらに、実施する
場所は、特段に特定する必要性はないが、海岸線が潮の
流れ、陸の形、山、川などで特定される特異点であれ
ば、少ない面積の調査で、多くの特徴的なデータを得る
ことが可能である。Regarding the time of implementation, it is desirable to implement it four times a year or twice a year according to the cycle of the ecosystem. In addition, one of the guidelines is to set the seasons of seaweed, which grows from the intertidal zone to the subtidal zone at the survey point, as environmental indicators, and the decline period. Furthermore, there is no particular need to specify the location to be implemented, but if the coastline is a singular point specified by tidal currents, land shapes, mountains, rivers, etc. Data can be obtained.
【００１８】調査対象生物及び海草（海藻）の選定に当
たっては、生息・生育の時期・位置、生物の付着形態、
環境指標となりうる種及び貴重種等に留意し行う。When selecting the target organisms and seaweeds (seaweeds), the time / position of habitation / growth, the form of attachment of the organisms,
Pay attention to species that can be environmental indicators and valuable species.
【００１９】調査手順を次に示す。本手法では、基本的
に１０名程度で構成された各調査員が観察野帳（図１）
を所持し観察を行う。調査員は、調査地点の開始位置か
ら海岸線に対して垂直に並び、概ね２mを自らの調査幅
として、予め選定した生物種を数えながら前進する（図
２、図３）。例えば調査地点を３００ｍと設定した場
合、１区域を２０mとし、全１５区域とする。The investigation procedure is shown below. In this method, each investigator, which was basically composed of about 10 people, was observed by an observer (Fig. 1).
Carry and observe. The investigators line up perpendicular to the coastline from the starting position of the survey point, and move forward while counting the preselected species with a survey width of approximately 2 m (Figs. 2 and 3). For example, if the survey location is set to 300 m, one area will be 20 m, and there will be a total of 15 areas.
【００２０】調査結果の記録については、各調査員によ
って数えられた対象生物種の数量を野帳に記載し、それ
を代表者が各区域の終了時（３００ｍの場合２０m毎）
に集計を行う。また、その際に観察区域のゴミ、漂着
物、基質等も併せて記入する。Regarding the records of the survey results, the quantity of the target species counted by each surveyor is entered in the field notebook, and the representative at the end of each zone (in case of 300 m, every 20 m).
To total. Also, fill in the observation area with dust, debris, substrates, etc.
【００２１】調査で得られた調査地点のデータを地理情
報システム（GIS）を用いて整理し、マッピングを行
う。The data of the survey points obtained in the survey are arranged by using a geographical information system (GIS) and mapped.
【００２２】また、対象生物種やゴミ、漂着物、基質等
による評価点を、例えば生物ならば、水質の良い場所に
多く繁殖するものを高くし、汚濁に強いものを低くす
る。また、ゴミ・漂着物ならば、自然系のものを高く
し、人工系のものを低くする。などのある一定の基準を
設けて付けることで、環境を評価する。In addition, the evaluation points for the target species, dust, stranded substances, substrates, etc. are, for example, high for organisms that multiply in places with good water quality and low for those that are resistant to pollution. In addition, if it's trash or wreckage, raise the natural type and lower the artificial type. The environment is evaluated by establishing and attaching certain standards such as.
【００２３】以上の調査手法を用いた実施例を以下に示
す。An example using the above investigation method is shown below.
【実施例】まず、調査地点を、国立公園である広島県宮
島とし、その中で、砂浜地形であり、人間生活から最も
近い距離に位置する上室浜地区、崖と岩場のみで構成さ
れており、人間生活から最も遠い距離に位置する革篭崎
地区、砂浜と岩場で構成されており、人間生活からの距
離は他の２地点の中間に位置する腰細浦地区の３地点を
選定した。[Examples] First, the survey site is Miyajima, a national park, in Hiroshima Prefecture, in which the sandy beach terrain, which is located closest to human life, is the Kamimurohama area, which consists of cliffs and rocks. It is composed of the Hakasezaki district, which is the furthest distance from human life, the sandy beach, and the rocky area. The three distances from human life are the Koshi Hosoura district, which is located between the other two locations.
【００２４】調査員は、自然環境に関心のある広島県内
の大学生で構成し、上記発明の実施の形態に則り調査を
実施した。地理情報システム（GIS）を用いて取りまと
めた調査結果の一例を図４、図５、図６に示す。The surveyor was composed of university students in Hiroshima prefecture who are interested in the natural environment, and conducted a survey in accordance with the embodiment of the invention. Examples of survey results compiled using the Geographic Information System (GIS) are shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6.
【００２５】図４に示す調査結果より、比較的自然の破
壊されていない海域で多く見られる種であるカメノテを
始めとする種は、人間生活の場から距離が離れている地
点で多く見られた。一方、人間生活の場から近い距離に
ある上室浜地区ではほとんど見られなかった。From the survey results shown in FIG. 4, many species, such as camenote, which is a species that is often found in relatively undisturbed waters of the natural environment, are often found at a distance from human life. It was On the other hand, it was hardly seen in the Kamimurohama district, which is close to the place of human life.
【００２６】また、図５に示す植物調査の結果からは、
伐採跡など人間の手の加わったところに多く見られる種
が上室浜で最も多く見られた。一方、革篭崎地区ではほ
とんど見られなかった。From the result of the plant survey shown in FIG. 5,
The most common species found in Kamuromahama where humans have added them, such as logging, were found. On the other hand, it was scarcely seen in the leather basket area.
【００２７】図６に示すゴミ・漂着物については、上室
浜地区では産業系のもの、及び生活系のものが優先的に
見られ、革篭崎地区では産業系のものと、自然系のもの
が優先的に見られた。Regarding the trash and debris shown in FIG. 6, industrial type and daily type are preferentially seen in the Kamimurohama area, and industrial type and natural type are found in the leather gauze area. Seen preferentially.
【００２８】以上の調査結果をまとめると、海岸の潮間
帯を挟んだ陸側及び浅海域の有光層までを含んだ範囲に
関して、革篭崎地区は比較的自然の破壊されていない海
域つまり綺麗な海域であると評価でき、反対に上室浜地
区は汚濁海域であると評価できた。Summarizing the results of the above surveys, in the area including the land side across the intertidal zone of the coast and the Akari layer in the shallow sea area, the leather gauze area is a relatively natural undestructed sea area, that is, a beautiful sea area. On the contrary, Kamurohama area could be evaluated as a polluted sea area.
【００２９】本発明を用いた上記の結果の妥当性につい
て判断するために、広島県環境白書（2000年度版）内の
COD平均値との比較を行うと、上室浜地区付近では２.２
mg/lであるのに対して、革篭崎地区においては1.6mg/l
と報告されている。これは、本調査結果と同様な結果を
示している。In order to judge the validity of the above results using the present invention, in the Hiroshima Prefectural Environmental White Paper (2000 version)
Comparing with the average COD value, 2.2 in the Kamimurohama area
mg / l, while 1.6 mg / l
Is reported. This shows the same result as this survey result.
【００３０】[0030]
【発明の効果】以上述べたように、本発明を用いれば、
従来は専門知識がないと行うことが困難であった沿岸域
の環境評価を、環境に関心の有るものであれば誰でも行
うことができる。更に、平面的に調査を行うため、海岸
線が複雑な場合や、流入河川や海岸構造物がある場合に
も対応し適切な環境評価を行うことが可能である。As described above, according to the present invention,
Anyone with an environmental concern can perform an environmental assessment of coastal areas, which was difficult to do without specialized knowledge in the past. Furthermore, since the survey is carried out in a plane, it is possible to carry out an appropriate environmental assessment in response to complicated coastlines, inflow rivers and coastal structures.
【図１】 観察野帳を示す図であるFIG. 1 is a diagram showing an observation notebook.
【図２】 調査状況（平面）を示す図であるFIG. 2 is a diagram showing a survey status (plan).
【図３】 調査状況（断面）を示す図であるFIG. 3 is a diagram showing a survey status (cross section).
【図４】 生物個体数の比較（カメノテ）を示す図であ
るFIG. 4 is a diagram showing a comparison of living populations (camote).
【図５】 植物調査結果を示す図であるFIG. 5 is a diagram showing a result of a plant survey.
【図６】 ゴミ・漂着物状況を示す図であるFIG. 6 is a diagram showing a situation of trash and debris.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 召古 裕士 東京都港区虎ノ門１−１−20虎ノ門実業会 館 日本ミクニヤ株式会社本社内 (72)発明者 田中 秀宜 神奈川県川崎市高津区486 日本ミクニヤ 株式会社東京支店内 (72)発明者 小松 輝久 東京都中野区南台１−15−１ 東京大学海 洋研究所内 Ｆターム(参考） 2C032 HA01 HA11 HA17 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Yuko Shoko 1-1-20 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo Toranomon Business Association Kan Nippon Mikuniya Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hidenori Tanaka 486 Takatsu Ward, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture Japan Mikuniya Tokyo branch office (72) Inventor Teruhisa Komatsu 1-1-15 Minamidai, Nakano-ku, Tokyo Umi Western Institute F-term (reference) 2C032 HA01 HA11 HA17
Claims (7)
光層までを含んだ範囲を観察の中心とし、海側と浜側の
単位面積あたりの陸上生物、潮間帯生物、水中生物及び
地形、地質、漂着ゴミ等を調査する沿岸域環境モニタリ
ング方法。1. A terrestrial organism, an intertidal organism, and an underwater per unit area on the sea side and the beach side, with the center of the observation being the area including the land side across the intertidal zone of the coast and the light layer in the shallow sea area. A coastal environment monitoring method that investigates living things and topography, geology, and drifted trash.
光層までを含んだ範囲を観察の中心とし、海側と浜側の
単位面積あたりの陸上生物、潮間帯生物、水中生物及び
地形、地質、漂着ゴミ等を調査し、各種別毎にその単位
面積当たりの数量や、評価値によってマップを作成する
ことにより、その沿岸域の環境を評価する環境マッピン
グ方法。2. A terrestrial organism, an intertidal organism, and an underwater per unit area on the sea side and the beach side, with a range including the land side across the intertidal zone of the coast and the light layer of the shallow sea area as the center of observation. An environment mapping method that evaluates the environment of the coastal area by investigating organisms and topography, geology, stranded waste, etc., and creating a map based on the quantity per unit area and evaluation value for each type.
物、貝及び甲殻類、海草類などの動植物、地質において
はシルト・砂・礫・岩、また、ゴミにおいては生活系、
産業系及び自然系とする請求項１に記載した環境モニタ
リング方法又は、請求項２に記載した環境マッピング方
法。[Claim 3] The subjects of investigation are terrestrial flora and fauna in animals, flora and fauna such as shellfish and crustaceans, seagrass, silt / sand / gravel / rock in geology, and living systems in garbage.
The environment monitoring method according to claim 1 or the environment mapping method according to claim 2, which is an industrial system or a natural system.
の評価点を付与し、地質についても分類と支配面積によ
り評価点を付与し、更に、生活系、産業系、及び自然系
のゴミの数、種類によりゴミの評価点を付与し、両者を
総合して評価する請求項２に記載した環境マッピング方
法。4. An object of survey is given an evaluation point of organisms according to the number and kind of animals and plants, an evaluation point is also given for geology according to classification and controlled area, and further, garbage of life system, industrial system and natural system. The environment mapping method according to claim 2, wherein an evaluation point of dust is given according to the number and type of the items, and both are evaluated comprehensively.
ニタリング方法で与えられるデータを、測定海岸の海岸
線に沿って一定間隔・単位面積当たりで、集積する環境
マッピング方法。5. An environment mapping method for accumulating data provided by the environment monitoring method according to claim 1 or claim 3 along a coastline of a measurement coast at a constant interval / per unit area.
特定される特異点で実施される請求項１、又は請求項３
に記載された環境モニタリング方法。6. The method according to claim 1 or claim 3, wherein the shoreline is carried out at a singular point specified by a tide flow, land shape, mountain, river or the like.
Environmental monitoring method described in.
特定される特異点で実施される請求項２、請求項４、請
求項５のいずれか一つに記載された環境マッピング方
法。7. The environment according to any one of claims 2, 4 and 5, wherein the coastline is implemented at a singular point specified by a tide flow, land shape, mountain, river, etc. Mapping method.
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| JP2001351432A JP3861167B2 (en) | 2001-11-16 | 2001-11-16 | Coastal environment monitoring method and environment mapping method using the same |
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| JP2001351432A JP3861167B2 (en) | 2001-11-16 | 2001-11-16 | Coastal environment monitoring method and environment mapping method using the same |
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| JP3861167B2 JP3861167B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100693135B1 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2007-03-13 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | Method for displaying distribution of aquatic plant on mapping image |
| CN112557614A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-26 | 浙江万里学院 | Evaluation method for regional marine organism index and pollution bearing index |
-
2001
- 2001-11-16 JP JP2001351432A patent/JP3861167B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100693135B1 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2007-03-13 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | Method for displaying distribution of aquatic plant on mapping image |
| CN112557614A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-26 | 浙江万里学院 | Evaluation method for regional marine organism index and pollution bearing index |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3861167B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
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