CN112557614A - Evaluation method for regional marine organism index and pollution bearing index - Google Patents

Evaluation method for regional marine organism index and pollution bearing index Download PDF

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CN112557614A
CN112557614A CN202011413757.5A CN202011413757A CN112557614A CN 112557614 A CN112557614 A CN 112557614A CN 202011413757 A CN202011413757 A CN 202011413757A CN 112557614 A CN112557614 A CN 112557614A
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李平
陈天池
汪慧明
蒋宝鑫
吴月燕
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Zhejiang Wanli University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for evaluating regional marine organism indexes and pollution bearing indexes, which comprises the following steps: determining a biological index evaluation system and a pollution bearing index evaluation system, selecting sea area survey points, acquiring original survey data, determining characteristic values of each index, acquiring actual values of each index, carrying out standardized value processing on the index values, determining the weight of each index, determining evaluation standards of the two evaluation systems, searching the internal relation between the two evaluation systems and the like. The invention relates to a scientific analysis method for indexing marine environment and quantitatively evaluating marine organism diversity and pollution condition, which can truly reflect the quality of seawater ecological environment and the maximum capacity of pollutants which can be borne by water body to the maximum extent, make scientific and systematic quantitative judgment on the marine organism diversity and water quality condition in regions, most importantly, discover the correlation between the marine organism diversity and the water quality condition, and provide scientific reference basis for the protection of marine environment and the development of fishery.

Description

Evaluation method for regional marine organism index and pollution bearing index
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of regional marine environment evaluation, in particular to a method for evaluating a regional marine organism index and a pollution bearing index.
Background
The marine ecological environment is a basic condition for the survival and development of marine organisms, is a key part of a human life support system, is also an important foundation for the economic development of human society, and has great ecological benefit and economic benefit. With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization of the coastal cities, the economic scales of various industries are continuously expanded, the development of the industries is met with new opportunities, but the marine ecological environment also faces huge challenges. Industrial and urban sewage is discharged in a large amount without treatment, so that the contents of COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen and heavy metals in seawater are increased rapidly, a functional area of the ocean is damaged, environmental disasters such as red tide and the like occur frequently, and huge threats are generated to the ecological environment of regional water. In addition, due to the excessive development of the offshore fishery resources by human beings, the diversity of organisms in the seawater is reduced sharply, the structural deterioration of the fishery resources is caused, and the sustainable development of the marine fishery is seriously influenced. The contradiction between the environmental protection of ocean water and the economic development is increasingly prominent, and the conflict between human and natural water resources is increasingly aggravated, which becomes an important factor for restricting the coordinated development of ocean economy at present.
In recent years, the research on marine environment is deepened day by day, and great progress is made in the fields of management principles of ecological safety, ecological safety index systems, current situations of ecological environment and ecological environment restoration, and a series of researches provide reference for future further research, so that the structure and the function of the marine ecological system are kept relatively stable in a certain range, and the optimal comprehensive economic benefit is obtained, which is also the inherent requirement of carrying out and implementing scientific development and walking sustainable development roads.
However, in the current research field, no method exists for systematically and quantitatively evaluating the diversity and pollution condition of marine organisms, which is unfavorable for the treatment and prediction of marine environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an evaluation method of regional marine organism index and pollution bearing index aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for evaluating regional marine organism index and pollution bearing index comprises the following steps:
s1, determining biological index evaluation system and pollution carrying index evaluation system
Dividing a biological index evaluation system into a biological index target layer and a biological index layer, wherein the biological index target layer is a regional marine organism index, the biological index layer consists of 6 indexes, namely phytoplankton species, phytoplankton density, zooplankton species, zooplankton density, benthos species and benthos density, and the benthos comprises benthos and benthos;
dividing a pollution bearing index evaluation system into a pollution bearing index target layer and a pollution bearing index layer, wherein the pollution bearing index target layer is a regional marine pollution bearing index, and the pollution bearing index layer consists of 10 indexes of chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, active phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, petroleum, heavy metal copper and heavy metal lead concentration;
s2, selecting a sea area survey point
Laying a plurality of primary sampling points in a selected sea area in advance, carrying out primary investigation on the sea area, determining target sampling points by taking the primary sampling points as base points according to a grid type point laying rule according to a primary investigation result, and laying target sampling point marks through radio navigation;
s3, acquiring original survey data
Carrying out preliminary data measurement on each point of the sea area where the target sampling point is located by using a portable water quality detector, wherein preliminary measurement items comprise dissolved oxygen, a pH value and water temperature; then, a plankton sampling net is used for collecting plankton samples of each point of the sea area where the target sampling point is located, a sediment collector and an organic glass water sampler are used for collecting sediment samples and seawater samples of each point of the sea area where the target sampling point is located, and the collected samples are fixed and then are brought back to a laboratory for further processing and analysis;
in a laboratory, detecting and acquiring original survey data of each index in a sea area where a target sampling point is located: for the indexes in the biological index layer, a proper amount of samples are required to be sucked into a glass slide for measuring the phytoplankton type, the phytoplankton density, the zooplankton type and the zooplankton density to prepare qualitative sample pieces, then a plankton identification counting instrument is used for measuring, the benthos type and the benthos density are measured by firstly elutriating quantitative bottom mud, filtering the bottom mud by using a screen, identifying the type under a magnifying glass or a stereomicroscope, identifying 90-95% of the total number of the seeds, and calculating the benthos density according to the obtained type number; for indexes in the pollution bearing index layer, determining the chemical oxygen demand of a seawater sample by a potassium dichromate method, determining the active phosphate concentration of the seawater sample by a phosphomolybdic blue method, determining the nitrite concentration of the seawater sample by a diazo coupling spectrophotometry method, determining the nitrate concentration of the seawater sample by a phenoldisulfonic acid spectrophotometry method, determining the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the seawater sample by a salicylic acid spectrophotometry method, determining the petroleum concentration of the seawater sample by an ultraviolet oil analyzer, and determining the heavy metal copper concentration and the heavy metal lead concentration of the seawater sample by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrum;
the inorganic nitrogen is the sum of nitrate nitrogen, nitrite and ammonia nitrogen, and the calculation formula of the inorganic nitrogen is as follows:
c(N)＝14×10-3[c(NO3-N)+c(NO2-N)+c(NH3-N)] (1)
in formula (1): c (N) is inorganic nitrogen concentration in mg/L in terms of N; c (NO)3-N) is the concentration of nitrate in the seawater sample as measured by the monitoring method; c (NO)2-N) is the concentration of nitrite in the seawater sample as measured by the monitoring method;c(NH3-N) is the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the seawater sample measured by the monitoring method;
s4, determining each index characteristic value
According to the seawater characteristic data disclosed in the historical marine environment bulletin issued by journal literature and ecological environment bureau, the seawater characteristic data comprises regional marine hydrological element information of the sea area where the target sampling point is located and various index data of the region in the past year, determining each index characteristic value, wherein the determined index characteristic values are as follows:
index (I) Characteristic value
COD(mg/L) 1.00～2.00
DO(mg/L) 5.00～10.00
Active phosphate (mg/L) 0.02～0.08
Nitrite (mg/L) 0.00～0.05
Nitrate (mg/L) 0.50～1.00
Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 0.01～0.05
Inorganic nitrogen (mg/L) 0.00～0.02
Petroleum products (mg/L) 0.00～0.04
Heavy metal copper (mu g/L) 1.00～4.00
Heavy metal lead (mu g/L) 0.20～1.00
According to the determined characteristic values of all indexes, carrying out optimization summary on the acquired original survey data of the indexes in the index layers of the pollution bearing indexes to obtain an optimized index value, rejecting the data with larger difference with the characteristics of seawater, and rejecting the original survey data which is not in the range of the characteristic values;
s5, obtaining the average value of the original survey data of each index at each target sampling point, wherein the average value is the actual value of the index in the j year;
s6, repeating the steps S2-S5 for more than 5 times, namely: the measuring time period is once a year, and the measuring is continuously carried out for more than 5 times;
s7, dividing indexes in the biological index layer and indexes in the pollution bearing index layer into positive indexes and negative indexes respectively, wherein if the preferable index value of a certain index is larger, the more favorable the quality of the seawater ecological environment is, the index is defined as the positive index; if the preferable index value of a certain index is larger, the ecological environment quality of the seawater is more unfavorable, and the index is defined as a negative index;
according to the definition of the positive indexes and the negative indexes, the positive indexes in the biological index layer are as follows: phytoplankton species, zooplankton species, benthos density, negative indicators are: zooplankton density, phytoplankton density; the forward indicators within the pollution bearing index layer are: dissolved oxygen, negative indicators are: chemical oxygen demand and concentrations of active phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, petroleum, heavy metal copper and heavy metal lead;
carrying out standardized value processing on all preferable index values obtained by more than 5 times of continuous measurement to enable the result of the standardized value processing to be mapped in a [0,1] interval, wherein the standardized value processing is divided into the standardized value processing of a positive index and the standardized value processing of a negative index, and the specific formula is as follows:
and (3) standardized value taking processing of forward indexes:
Figure BDA0002819463370000041
and (3) carrying out standardized value taking treatment on negative indexes:
Figure BDA0002819463370000042
in formulae (2) and (3), bijIs the actual value of the i index in the j year, bij' is the standard value of the i-th index in the j-th year, max (b)ij) And min (b)ij) The maximum value and the minimum value of the i index in the preferable index values obtained by continuously measuring for more than 5 times are respectively; setting the standardized parameter K to be 0.9;
s8, determining each index weight
According to the calculation result of the standardized value processing, the weight of each index is determined by adopting an entropy weight method: for a certain index, the information entropy is used for judging the dispersion degree of the index, and the smaller the information entropy is, the larger the dispersion degree of the index is, the larger the influence (namely weight) on the comprehensive evaluation is; the specific process for determining the weight of each index is as follows:
s8.1, determining the characteristic proportion of each index, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002819463370000043
in the formula (4), cijThe characteristic specific gravity of the ith index in the jth year, and n is the number of the taken years;
s8.2, determining the information entropy of each index, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002819463370000044
in the formula (5), HiThe information entropy of the ith index;
s8.3, determining the weight of each index, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002819463370000045
in formula (6): w is aiThe entropy weight of the ith index is obtained, m is the number of indexes in a biological index layer or a pollution bearing index layer, and m is 6 or 10;
s8.4, calculating the regional marine organism index C based on the weight of each indexXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyWherein the regional marine organism index CXThe quality of the seawater ecological environment is expressed according to the biological species and the number in the biological index layer in the water body, the value which reflects the biological diversity of the water body is obtained by using a mathematical formula, and the larger the value is, the better the marine ecological environment is represented; regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe numerical value is a numerical value which is obtained based on various indexes in the index layer of the pollution bearing index and according to a mathematical formula and reflects the water body pollution bearing capacity, namely the maximum capacity of pollutants which can be borne by the water body, and the larger the numerical value is, the better the marine ecological environment is represented; regional marine organism index CXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002819463370000051
Figure BDA0002819463370000052
in the formulae (7) and (8), WiIs the weight of each indexWeighing;
s9, marine organism index according to region CXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe biological index evaluation system and the pollution bearing index evaluation system are quantitatively analyzed to determine evaluation criteria, namely: dividing regional marine organism index C of each yearXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyDividing the evaluation results into three types of evaluation results, namely inferior, good and excellent according to a threshold value, drawing the evaluation results into a graph, and analyzing the marine organism index C in the region of yearsXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe marine organism index C of the affected area is researched based on the standardized values of all indexesXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyAnd the regional marine organism index CXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyAnd carrying out comparative analysis to search the internal relation between the two.
Preferably, the content of the preliminary investigation in the step S2 is measurement of water quality parameters and measurement of ocean water depth and bottom shape of seabed sediment, wherein the water quality parameters include chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen amount, active phosphate, inorganic nitrogen, pH value and water temperature, the measurement method is the same as the detection method of the corresponding index in S3, the measured data should accord with the seawater characteristic data disclosed in the marine environment bulletin of the whole year published by journal literature and ecological environment bureau, and the measured data is subjected to significance analysis by SPSS, if P > 0.05, the differences of the indexes in each group are not significant, the point selection requirement is met, and the primary sampling point is determined as the base point; the ocean depth is measured by an echo detector, and the depth is required to be in accordance with the maximum collecting depth of the sediment collector; determining the shape of the seabed according to the sea area contour map, wherein the shape of the seabed is relatively flat; the condition of the seabed sediment is judged according to the on-site sediment investigation result or known public data, and the sediment is loose and sticky so as to be easy to collect by a sediment collector.
Preferably, the evaluation criteria determined in step S9 are specifically as follows:
threshold value (C)X) Grade
CX＜0.4000 Bad quality
0.4000≤CX＜0.6000 Good wine
0.6000≤CX＜0.8000 Superior food
Threshold value (C)Y) Grade
CY＜0.4000 Bad quality
0.4000≤CY＜0.6000 Good wine
0.6000≤CY＜0.8000 Superior food
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention relates to a scientific analysis method for indexing marine environment and quantitatively evaluating diversity and pollution condition of marine organisms. The method can truly reflect the quality of the seawater ecological environment and the maximum capacity of pollutants which can be borne by the water body to the maximum extent, scientifically and systematically quantitatively judge the diversity and the water quality condition of marine organisms in the area, and most importantly, the method can discover the correlation between the diversity and the water quality condition of the marine organisms and provide scientific reference basis for the protection of the marine environment and the development of fishery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a geographical location diagram of a hong Kong location;
FIG. 2 is a composition diagram of a regional biological index evaluation system of hong Kong in Xiangshan mountain;
FIG. 3 is a composition diagram of a regional pollution bearing index evaluation system of hong Kong in Mount Xiang;
FIG. 4 shows the change of marine organism indexes in the region of hong Kong in 2015-2019;
FIG. 5 shows the change of marine pollution bearing index in the region of hong Kong in 2015-2019;
FIG. 6 shows the index change of the bio-index layer of hong Kong in 2015-2019;
FIG. 7 is the index change condition of the pollution bearing index layer of hong Kong in 2015-2019.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The method disclosed by the invention is used for evaluating the marine organism index and the pollution bearing index in the area 2015-2019 of hong Kong (a geographical position map is shown in figure 1) in Ningbo city in Zhejiang province, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, determining biological index evaluation system and pollution carrying index evaluation system
Dividing a biological index evaluation system into a biological index target layer and a biological index layer, wherein the biological index target layer is a regional marine organism index, the biological index layer consists of 6 indexes, namely phytoplankton species, phytoplankton density, zooplankton species, zooplankton density, benthos species and benthos density, shown in figure 2, and the benthos comprises benthos and benthos; the specific information of the biological index evaluation system is shown in table 1;
dividing a pollution bearing index evaluation system into a pollution bearing index target layer and a pollution bearing index layer, wherein the pollution bearing index target layer is a regional marine pollution bearing index, and the pollution bearing index layer consists of 10 indexes of chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, active phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, petroleum, heavy metal copper and heavy metal lead concentration shown in figure 3; the specific information of the pollution carrying index evaluation system is shown in table 2;
TABLE 1 evaluation system of marine organism index in hong Kong area of Xiangshan
Figure BDA0002819463370000071
TABLE 2 evaluation system of ocean pollution bearing index in hong Kong area
Figure BDA0002819463370000072
S2, selecting a sea area survey point
According to a survey target, a plurality of primary sampling points are distributed in advance in a sea area range of (121 degrees 31 '10' -121 degrees 39 '10' E, 29 degrees 29 '00' -29 degrees 30 '50' N), a preliminary survey is carried out on the sea area, then according to a preliminary survey result, the primary sampling points are taken as base points, 20 target sampling points are determined according to a grid type point distribution rule, target sampling point marks are distributed through radio navigation, and the arrangement condition of the target sampling point marks is shown in a table 3;
TABLE 3 target sample point location
Figure BDA0002819463370000073
Figure BDA0002819463370000081
S3, acquiring original survey data
Carrying out preliminary data measurement on each point of the sea area where the target sampling point is located by using a portable water quality detector, wherein preliminary measurement items comprise dissolved oxygen, a pH value and water temperature; then, a plankton sampling net is used for collecting plankton samples of each point of the sea area where the target sampling point is located, a sediment collector and an organic glass water sampler are used for collecting sediment samples and seawater samples of each point of the sea area where the target sampling point is located, and the collected samples are fixed and then are brought back to a laboratory for further processing and analysis;
in a laboratory, detecting and acquiring original survey data of each index in a sea area where a target sampling point is located: for the indexes in the biological index layer, a proper amount of samples are required to be sucked into a glass slide for measuring the phytoplankton type, the phytoplankton density, the zooplankton type and the zooplankton density to prepare qualitative sample pieces, then a plankton identification counting instrument is used for measuring, the benthos type and the benthos density are measured by firstly elutriating quantitative bottom mud, filtering the bottom mud by using a screen, identifying the type under a magnifying glass or a stereomicroscope, identifying 90-95% of the total number of the seeds, and calculating the benthos density according to the obtained type number; for indexes in the pollution bearing index layer, determining the chemical oxygen demand of a seawater sample by a potassium dichromate method, determining the active phosphate concentration of the seawater sample by a phosphomolybdic blue method, determining the nitrite concentration of the seawater sample by a diazo coupling spectrophotometry method, determining the nitrate concentration of the seawater sample by a phenoldisulfonic acid spectrophotometry method, determining the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the seawater sample by a salicylic acid spectrophotometry method, determining the petroleum concentration of the seawater sample by an ultraviolet oil analyzer, and determining the heavy metal copper concentration and the heavy metal lead concentration of the seawater sample by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrum;
the inorganic nitrogen is the sum of nitrate nitrogen, nitrite and ammonia nitrogen, and the calculation formula of the inorganic nitrogen is as follows:
c(N)＝14×10-3[c(NO3-N)+c(NO2-N)+c(NH3-N)] (1)
in formula (1): c (N) is inorganic nitrogen concentration in mg/L in terms of N; c (NO)3-N) is the concentration of nitrate in the seawater sample as measured by the monitoring method; c (NO)2-N) is the concentration of nitrite in the seawater sample as measured by the monitoring method; c (NH)3-N) is the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the seawater sample measured by the monitoring method;
s4, determining each index characteristic value
According to the seawater characteristic data disclosed in the historical marine environment bulletin issued by journal literature and ecological environment bureau, the seawater characteristic data comprises regional marine hydrological element information of the sea area where the target sampling point is located and various index data of the region in the past year, determining each index characteristic value, wherein the determined index characteristic values are as follows:
index (I) Characteristic value
COD(mg/L) 1.00～2.00
DO(mg/L) 5.00～10.00
Active phosphate (mg/L) 0.02～0.08
Nitrite (mg/L) 0.00～0.05
Nitrate (mg/L) 0.50～1.00
Ammonia nitrogen (m)g/L) 0.01～0.05
Inorganic nitrogen (mg/L) 0.00～0.02
Petroleum products (mg/L) 0.00～0.04
Heavy metal copper (mu g/L) 1.00～4.00
Heavy metal lead (mu g/L) 0.20～1.00
According to the determined characteristic values of all indexes, carrying out optimization summary on the acquired original survey data of the indexes in the index layers of the pollution bearing indexes to obtain an optimized index value, rejecting the data with larger difference with the characteristics of seawater, and rejecting the original survey data which is not in the range of the characteristic values;
s5, obtaining the average value of the original survey data of each index at 20 target sampling points, wherein the average value is the actual value of the index in the j year;
s6, repeating the steps S2-S5 for 5 times, namely: measuring for 5 times continuously for one year in a time period of 2015-2019;
s7, dividing indexes in the biological index layer and indexes in the pollution bearing index layer into positive indexes and negative indexes respectively, wherein if the preferable index value of a certain index is larger, the more favorable the quality of the seawater ecological environment is, the index is defined as the positive index; if the preferable index value of a certain index is larger, the ecological environment quality of the seawater is more unfavorable, and the index is defined as a negative index;
according to the definition of the positive indexes and the negative indexes, the positive indexes in the biological index layer are as follows: phytoplankton species, zooplankton species, benthos density, negative indicators are: zooplankton density, phytoplankton density; the forward indicators within the pollution bearing index layer are: dissolved oxygen, negative indicators are: chemical oxygen demand and concentrations of active phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, petroleum, heavy metal copper and heavy metal lead; the index attributes are summarized in tables 1 and 2;
carrying out standardized value processing on all the preferable index values obtained by 5 times of continuous measurement to enable the result of the standardized value processing to be mapped in a [0,1] interval, wherein the standardized value processing is divided into the standardized value processing of a positive index and the standardized value processing of a negative index, and the specific formula is as follows:
and (3) standardized value taking processing of forward indexes:
Figure BDA0002819463370000091
and (3) carrying out standardized value taking treatment on negative indexes:
Figure BDA0002819463370000092
in formulae (2) and (3), bijIs the actual value of the i index in the j year, bij' is the standard value of the i-th index in the j-th year, max (b)ij) And min (b)ij) The maximum value and the minimum value of the i index in the preferable index values obtained by 5 times of continuous measurement are respectively; setting the standardized parameter K to be 0.9;
the standardized value calculation results of each index in the biological index evaluation system and the pollution bearing index evaluation system are shown in table 4;
TABLE 4 normalized value calculation results of various indexes
Figure BDA0002819463370000101
S8, determining each index weight
According to the calculation result of the standardized value processing, the weight of each index is determined by adopting an entropy weight method: for a certain index, the information entropy is used for judging the dispersion degree of the index, and the smaller the information entropy is, the larger the dispersion degree of the index is, the larger the influence (namely weight) on the comprehensive evaluation is; the specific process for determining the weight of each index is as follows:
s8.1, determining the characteristic proportion of each index, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002819463370000102
in the formula (4), cijThe characteristic specific gravity of the ith index in the jth year, and n is the number of the taken years;
s8.2, determining the information entropy of each index, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002819463370000103
in the formula (5), HiThe information entropy of the ith index;
s8.3, determining the weight of each index, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002819463370000104
in formula (6): wi is the entropy weight of the ith index, m is the number of indexes in a biological index layer or a pollution bearing index layer, and m is 6 or 10;
the calculation results of the weights of all indexes in the biological index evaluation system and the pollution bearing index evaluation system are shown in table 5;
TABLE 5 calculation results of the weights of the respective indices
Figure BDA0002819463370000111
S8.4, calculating the regional marine organism index C based on the weight of each indexXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyWherein the region is oceanBiological index CXThe quality of the seawater ecological environment is expressed according to the biological species and the number in the biological index layer in the water body, the value which reflects the biological diversity of the water body is obtained by using a mathematical formula, and the larger the value is, the better the marine ecological environment is represented; regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe numerical value is a numerical value which is obtained based on various indexes in the index layer of the pollution bearing index and according to a mathematical formula and reflects the water body pollution bearing capacity, namely the maximum capacity of pollutants which can be borne by the water body, and the larger the numerical value is, the better the marine ecological environment is represented; regional marine organism index CXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002819463370000112
Figure BDA0002819463370000113
in the formulae (7) and (8), WiIs the weight of each index;
regional marine organism index CXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe calculation results are shown in Table 6;
TABLE 6 regional Marine organism index CXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyResult of calculation of (2)
Target layer 2015 years 2016 (year) 2017 2018 years old 2019
Regional marine organism index CX 0.5437 0.6761 0.6464 0.4869 0.2658
Regional marine pollution carrying index CY 0.6606 0.7024 0.4942 0.3471 0.3119
S9 regional Marine organism index C according to Table 6XAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe evaluation result of the marine organism index evaluation system and the pollution bearing index evaluation system in the area of the target mountain harbor are quantitatively analyzed, and the evaluation standard is determined, namely: dividing regional marine organism index C of each yearXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyDividing the evaluation results into three types of evaluation results, namely inferior, good and excellent according to a threshold value, drawing the evaluation results into a graph, and analyzing the marine organism index C in the region of yearsXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe marine organism index C of the affected area is researched based on the standardized values of all indexesXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyAnd the regional marine organism index CXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyCarrying out comparative analysis to search the internal relation between the two; wherein the determined evaluation targetThe quasi-specific is as follows:
threshold value (C)X) Grade
CX＜0.4000 Bad quality
0.4000≤CX＜0.6000 Good wine
0.6000≤CX＜0.8000 Superior food
Threshold value (C)Y) Grade
CY＜0.4000 Bad quality
0.4000≤CY＜0.6000 Good wine
0.6000≤CY＜0.8000 Superior food
The analysis results of the regional marine organism index evaluation system and the pollution carrying index evaluation system of the hong Kong are shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5; marine organism index C for the region of hong KongXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe evaluation results of (a) are specifically as follows:
target layer 2015 years 2016 (year) 2017 2018 years old 2019
Regional marine organism index CX Good wine Superior food Superior food Good wine Bad quality
Regional marine pollution carrying index CY Superior food Superior food Good wine Bad quality Bad quality
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the marine organism index Cx in the region between 2015 and 2019 is in a descending trend, and the index is reduced from 0.5437 (good grade) in 2015 to 0.2658 (bad grade) in 2019, which indicates that the marine organism diversity in the hong Kong region is greatly deteriorated in five years.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the marine pollution bearing index C is found in the region between 2015 and 2019YIn a descending trend, the indexes are reduced from 0.6606 (grade excellent) in 2015 to 0.3119 (grade inferior) in 2019, which indicates that the ocean pollution condition in the hong Kong area is more and more serious in five years.
As can be seen by comparing FIG. 4 with FIG. 5, the regional marine organism index Cx and the regional marine pollution load index CYThe trends are basically consistent, which indicates that the deterioration of the marine biodiversity in the area is largely due to the influence of the marine pollution condition in the area, and the two have a very definite cause and effect relationship, so that the local environmental protection department must solve the problem of the marine pollution in advance to further improve the marine biodiversity in the area.
In order to further clarify the influence degree of each index layer on the biological index and the pollution bearing index, the influence condition of each evaluation system on each index in the index layer is analyzed, and the detailed details are shown in fig. 6-7.
Observing fig. 6, it can be found that the trend of change in phytoplankton density substantially coincides with the trend of change in the regional marine organism index Cx, which indicates that phytoplankton density and the trend of change in the regional marine organism index Cx are the most critical factors in the deterioration of the regional marine organism index Cx in hong kong.
Observing the figure 7, the basic and regional marine pollution bearing index C of the change trend of petroleumYThe change trend of the petroleum is consistent, which shows that the petroleum influences the ocean pollution bearing index C of the hong Kong areaYThe most critical factor is changed, which requires that the local environmental protection department should increase the treatment and monitoring of the petroleum pollutants.
As shown in FIG. 1, hong Kong is located in the region of 120 ° 03 'E-121 ° 25' E and 29 ° 24 'N-29 ° 48' N in the northern coast of Zhejiang, the east pacific, and the region from northeast to westSouth penetrates into the inland into a narrow and long semi-enclosed bay. The depth of the whole port is more than 60 kilometers, and the catchment area in the port reaches 1445km2The average depth of water in the harbor is about 20m, and the deepest part of the water can reach 55m, so that the deep-water wind-sheltering harbor is an ideal deep-water wind-sheltering harbor. The natural environment of the hong Kong is excellent, the aquatic resource is rich, and the hong Kong is an important aquaculture base and ecological cultivation land in Zhejiang and even China. However, the inflow of pollutants such as heavy metals and ammonia nitrogen is increased due to the construction of port-bound industrial infrastructure in a harbor and the rapid increase of the discharge amount of sewage from a coastal land source sewage discharge port. In addition, as the hong Kong is semi-closed and long and narrow, the hydrodynamic exchange capacity is poor, the environmental capacity is small, and the degradation and diffusion speed of pollutants is slow, the marine ecological environment which is originally weak in the hong Kong is seriously damaged.
Indexes such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), active phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, petroleum, heavy metal copper, heavy metal lead and the like in the Hongshan area of 2015-2019 are selected according to various representative pollution indexes specified in the seawater chemical element observation of GB12763.4-91 ocean survey code, and have representative significance for evaluating seawater quality.

Claims (3)

1. A method for evaluating regional marine organism index and pollution bearing index is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining biological index evaluation system and pollution carrying index evaluation system
Dividing a biological index evaluation system into a biological index target layer and a biological index layer, wherein the biological index target layer is a regional marine organism index, the biological index layer consists of 6 indexes, namely phytoplankton species, phytoplankton density, zooplankton species, zooplankton density, benthos species and benthos density, and the benthos comprises benthos and benthos;
dividing a pollution bearing index evaluation system into a pollution bearing index target layer and a pollution bearing index layer, wherein the pollution bearing index target layer is a regional marine pollution bearing index, and the pollution bearing index layer consists of 10 indexes of chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, active phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, petroleum, heavy metal copper and heavy metal lead concentration;
s2, selecting a sea area survey point
Laying a plurality of primary sampling points in a selected sea area in advance, carrying out primary investigation on the sea area, determining target sampling points by taking the primary sampling points as base points according to a grid type point laying rule according to a primary investigation result, and laying target sampling point marks through radio navigation;
s3, acquiring original survey data
Carrying out preliminary data measurement on each point of the sea area where the target sampling point is located by using a portable water quality detector, wherein preliminary measurement items comprise dissolved oxygen, a pH value and water temperature; then, a plankton sampling net is used for collecting plankton samples of each point of the sea area where the target sampling point is located, a sediment collector and an organic glass water sampler are used for collecting sediment samples and seawater samples of each point of the sea area where the target sampling point is located, and the collected samples are fixed and then are brought back to a laboratory for further processing and analysis;
in a laboratory, detecting and acquiring original survey data of each index in a sea area where a target sampling point is located: for the indexes in the biological index layer, a proper amount of samples are required to be sucked into a glass slide for measuring the phytoplankton type, the phytoplankton density, the zooplankton type and the zooplankton density to prepare qualitative sample pieces, then a plankton identification counting instrument is used for measuring, the benthos type and the benthos density are measured by firstly elutriating quantitative bottom mud, filtering the bottom mud by using a screen, identifying the type under a magnifying glass or a stereomicroscope, identifying 90-95% of the total number of the seeds, and calculating the benthos density according to the obtained type number; for indexes in the pollution bearing index layer, determining the chemical oxygen demand of a seawater sample by a potassium dichromate method, determining the active phosphate concentration of the seawater sample by a phosphomolybdic blue method, determining the nitrite concentration of the seawater sample by a diazo coupling spectrophotometry method, determining the nitrate concentration of the seawater sample by a phenoldisulfonic acid spectrophotometry method, determining the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the seawater sample by a salicylic acid spectrophotometry method, determining the petroleum concentration of the seawater sample by an ultraviolet oil analyzer, and determining the heavy metal copper concentration and the heavy metal lead concentration of the seawater sample by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrum;
the inorganic nitrogen is the sum of nitrate nitrogen, nitrite and ammonia nitrogen, and the calculation formula of the inorganic nitrogen is as follows:
c(N)＝14×10-3[c(NO3-N)+c(NO2-N)+c(NH3-N)](1)
in formula (1): c (N) is inorganic nitrogen concentration in mg/L in terms of N; c (NO)3-N) is the concentration of nitrate in the seawater sample as measured by the monitoring method; c (NO)2-N) is the concentration of nitrite in the seawater sample as measured by the monitoring method; c (NH)3-N) is the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the seawater sample measured by the monitoring method;
s4, determining each index characteristic value
According to the seawater characteristic data disclosed in the historical marine environment bulletin issued by journal literature and ecological environment bureau, the seawater characteristic data comprises regional marine hydrological element information of the sea area where the target sampling point is located and various index data of the region in the past year, determining each index characteristic value, wherein the determined index characteristic values are as follows:
index (I) Characteristic value COD(mg/L) 1.00～2.00 DO(mg/L) 5.00～10.00 Active phosphate (mg/L) 0.02～0.08 Nitrite (mg/L) 0.00～0.05 Nitrate (mg/L) 0.50～1.00 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 0.01～0.05 Inorganic nitrogen (mg/L) 0.00～0.02 Petroleum products (mg/L) 0.00～0.04 Heavy metal copper (mu g/L) 1.00～4.00 Heavy metal lead (mu g/L) 0.20～1.00
According to the determined characteristic values of all indexes, carrying out optimization summary on the acquired original survey data of the indexes in the index layers of the pollution bearing indexes to obtain an optimized index value, rejecting the data with larger difference with the characteristics of seawater, and rejecting the original survey data which is not in the range of the characteristic values;
s5, obtaining the average value of the original survey data of each index at each target sampling point, wherein the average value is the actual value of the index in the j year;
s6, repeating the steps S2-S5 for more than 5 times, namely: the measuring time period is once a year, and the measuring is continuously carried out for more than 5 times;
s7, dividing indexes in the biological index layer and indexes in the pollution bearing index layer into positive indexes and negative indexes respectively, wherein if the preferable index value of a certain index is larger, the more favorable the quality of the seawater ecological environment is, the index is defined as the positive index; if the preferable index value of a certain index is larger, the ecological environment quality of the seawater is more unfavorable, and the index is defined as a negative index;
according to the definition of the positive indexes and the negative indexes, the positive indexes in the biological index layer are as follows: phytoplankton species, zooplankton species, benthos density, negative indicators are: zooplankton density, phytoplankton density; the forward indicators within the pollution bearing index layer are: dissolved oxygen, negative indicators are: chemical oxygen demand and concentrations of active phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, petroleum, heavy metal copper and heavy metal lead;
carrying out standardized value processing on all preferable index values obtained by more than 5 times of continuous measurement to enable the result of the standardized value processing to be mapped in a [0,1] interval, wherein the standardized value processing is divided into the standardized value processing of a positive index and the standardized value processing of a negative index, and the specific formula is as follows:
and (3) standardized value taking processing of forward indexes:
Figure FDA0002819463360000031
and (3) carrying out standardized value taking treatment on negative indexes:
Figure FDA0002819463360000032
in formulae (2) and (3), bijIs the actual value of the i index in the j year, bij' is the standard value of the i-th index in the j-th year, max (b)ij) And min (b)ij) The maximum value and the minimum value of the i index in the preferable index values obtained by continuously measuring for more than 5 times are respectively; setting the standardized parameter K to be 0.9;
s8, determining each index weight
According to the calculation result of the standardized value processing, the weight of each index is determined by adopting an entropy weight method: for a certain index, the information entropy is used for judging the dispersion degree of the index, and the smaller the information entropy is, the larger the dispersion degree of the index is, the larger the influence (namely weight) on the comprehensive evaluation is; the specific process for determining the weight of each index is as follows:
s8.1, determining the characteristic proportion of each index, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002819463360000033
in the formula (4), cijThe characteristic specific gravity of the ith index in the jth year, and n is the number of the taken years;
s8.2, determining the information entropy of each index, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002819463360000034
in the formula (5), HiThe information entropy of the ith index;
s8.3, determining the weight of each index, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002819463360000035
in formula (6): w is aiThe entropy weight of the ith index is obtained, m is the number of indexes in a biological index layer or a pollution bearing index layer, and m is 6 or 10;
s8.4, calculating the regional marine organism index C based on the weight of each indexXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyWherein the regional marine organism index CXThe quality of the seawater ecological environment is expressed according to the biological species and the number in the biological index layer in the water body, the value which reflects the biological diversity of the water body is obtained by using a mathematical formula, and the larger the value is, the better the marine ecological environment is represented; regional oceanPollution load index CyThe numerical value is a numerical value which is obtained based on various indexes in the index layer of the pollution bearing index and according to a mathematical formula and reflects the water body pollution bearing capacity, namely the maximum capacity of pollutants which can be borne by the water body, and the larger the numerical value is, the better the marine ecological environment is represented; regional marine organism index CXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002819463360000041
Figure FDA0002819463360000042
in the formulae (7) and (8), WiIs the weight of each index;
s9, marine organism index according to region CXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe biological index evaluation system and the pollution bearing index evaluation system are quantitatively analyzed to determine evaluation criteria, namely: dividing regional marine organism index C of each yearXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyDividing the evaluation results into three types of evaluation results, namely inferior, good and excellent according to a threshold value, drawing the evaluation results into a graph, and analyzing the marine organism index C in the region of yearsXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyThe marine organism index C of the affected area is researched based on the standardized values of all indexesXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyAnd the regional marine organism index CXAnd regional marine pollution carrying index CyAnd carrying out comparative analysis to search the internal relation between the two.
2. The method for evaluating the regional marine organism index and the pollution bearing index according to claim 1, wherein the preliminary investigation in the step S2 includes measurement of water quality parameters, measurement of sea water depth and seabed sediment shape, wherein the water quality parameters include chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, active phosphate, inorganic nitrogen, pH value and water temperature, the measurement method is the same as the detection method of the corresponding index in S3, the measured data is in accordance with the sea water characteristic data disclosed in journal literature and marine environment bulletin of the whole year issued by the ecological environment bureau, and the measured data is subjected to significance analysis by SPSS, if P > 0.05, the difference of each group of indexes is not significant, the point selection requirement is met, and the primary sampling point is determined as the base point; the ocean depth is measured by an echo detector, and the depth is required to be in accordance with the maximum collecting depth of the sediment collector; determining the shape of the seabed according to the sea area contour map, wherein the shape of the seabed is relatively flat; the condition of the seabed sediment is judged according to the on-site sediment investigation result or known public data, and the sediment is loose and sticky so as to be easy to collect by a sediment collector.
3. The method for evaluating the regional marine organism index and the pollution-carrying index according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation criteria determined in the step S9 are as follows:
threshold value (C)X) Grade CX＜0.4000 Bad quality 0.4000≤CX＜0.6000 Good wine 0.6000≤CX＜0.8000 Superior food
Threshold value (C)Y) Grade CY＜0.4000 Bad quality 0.4000≤CY＜0.6000 Good wine 0.6000≤CY＜0.8000 Superior food
CN202011413757.5A 2020-12-07 2020-12-07 Evaluation method for regional marine organism index and pollution bearing index Pending CN112557614A (en)

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