JP2003130834A - Hydrogen sensor, and automobile using the same - Google Patents
Hydrogen sensor, and automobile using the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003130834A JP2003130834A JP2001330447A JP2001330447A JP2003130834A JP 2003130834 A JP2003130834 A JP 2003130834A JP 2001330447 A JP2001330447 A JP 2001330447A JP 2001330447 A JP2001330447 A JP 2001330447A JP 2003130834 A JP2003130834 A JP 2003130834A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen sensor
- hydrogen
- sensor according
- thermistor
- detection element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 title 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001313 Cobalt-iron alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical group [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910000833 kovar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100208693 Tetrahymena pyriformis TU20 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、水素漏洩を検出す
るための水素センサとそれを用いた自動車に関するもの
である。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hydrogen sensor for detecting hydrogen leakage and an automobile using the hydrogen sensor.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、水素を駆動エネルギーとして用い
た自動車の開発が盛んに行われている。この自動車は水
素をエンジンで直接燃やしたり、あるいは、燃料電池で
電気エネルギーに変換することで駆動するようになって
いる。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, automobiles using hydrogen as driving energy have been actively developed. This car is driven by burning hydrogen directly with an engine or converting it into electric energy with a fuel cell.
【０００３】このような水素を用いた自動車は、今まで
の化石燃料を用いたものとは異なり、クリーンな排気ガ
スとなることで、今後ますます環境の観点から進展して
いくものと考えられる。It is considered that such an automobile using hydrogen is different from the one using fossil fuels up to now, and becomes clean exhaust gas, so that it will progress further from the environmental viewpoint. .
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】水素を燃料に用いた自
動車は上記のように環境の点に関して非常に有効なもの
であるが、その安全対策が非常に重要な問題となる。す
なわち、安全対策のためには水素が漏洩したことを検出
する水素センサが必要になってくる。A vehicle using hydrogen as a fuel is very effective in terms of the environment as described above, but its safety measure becomes a very important problem. That is, as a safety measure, a hydrogen sensor that detects that hydrogen has leaked becomes necessary.
【０００５】このような水素センサとして従来、水素の
熱伝導率が他のガスに比べて極めて大きいことを利用
し、発熱素子の温度変化で水素濃度を検出する原理のも
のが提案されていた。これは、例えば空気中で熱平衡に
達した発熱素子に水素が到達すると、素子から奪われる
熱量が変化し熱平衡が崩れるため、素子の温度が水素濃
度に応じて変化する。この温度変化を温度検出素子で電
気的に検出するものである。この原理はガスの物理的性
質のみに依存するため、化学反応を利用する他方式の水
素センサに比べ本質的には水素選択性がよいという特長
がある。As such a hydrogen sensor, a hydrogen sensor has been conventionally proposed which utilizes the fact that the thermal conductivity of hydrogen is extremely higher than that of other gases and detects the hydrogen concentration by the temperature change of the heating element. This is because, for example, when hydrogen reaches a heating element that has reached thermal equilibrium in air, the amount of heat taken from the element changes and thermal equilibrium is disrupted, so the temperature of the element changes depending on the hydrogen concentration. This temperature change is electrically detected by a temperature detecting element. Since this principle depends only on the physical properties of the gas, it has the advantage that it has essentially better hydrogen selectivity than other types of hydrogen sensors that use chemical reactions.
【０００６】この水素センサに使用される発熱素子およ
び温度検出素子として、従来、白金測温体が用いられて
きた。白金は金属の中では比抵抗が高い方なので、電流
を流すと自己発熱し、さらに、抵抗温度係数も金属の中
では大きい方なので、水素濃度に応じた温度変化を抵抗
値変化として検出できる。As a heating element and a temperature detecting element used in this hydrogen sensor, a platinum temperature sensing element has been conventionally used. Since platinum has the highest specific resistance among metals, it self-heats when an electric current is applied, and since the resistance temperature coefficient is also higher among metals, a temperature change corresponding to hydrogen concentration can be detected as a resistance value change.
【０００７】ここで問題となるのは、確かに白金の抵抗
値は水素濃度に応じて変化するのであるが、その変化幅
（感度）は極めて小さいという点であった。そこで、水
素センサに応用する際は、温度変化を大きくするため
に、白金に表面積の大きい部材（例えば、多孔質アルミ
ナ）を取り付けた検出素子構成のものが考案されてお
り、これを用いたハンディタイプの水素漏洩検知機が市
販されている。しかし、取り付けた部材の分、検出素子
全体の熱容量が増すため、水素が検出素子に到達する
と、まず、部材の熱が水素を通して逃げることで冷え
て、次に部材内部の白金測温体が冷えて抵抗値が変化す
ることになる。従って、この水素センサの応答性は遅
い。実際に検出素子のみの応答性を評価すると、毎分５
００ｃｃの流量の水素混入空気に切りかえると、出力が
安定するまで３分程度かかっていた。このため、この水
素漏洩検知機では検出素子までできるだけ早くガスを到
達させるための吸引ポンプを内蔵しており、これにより
素早く水素漏洩を検知する構成としていた。The problem here is that the resistance value of platinum certainly changes according to the hydrogen concentration, but the range of change (sensitivity) is extremely small. Therefore, when it is applied to a hydrogen sensor, in order to increase the temperature change, a detection element structure in which a member having a large surface area (for example, porous alumina) is attached to platinum has been devised. A type of hydrogen leak detector is commercially available. However, since the heat capacity of the entire detection element increases by the amount of the attached member, when hydrogen reaches the detection element, first the heat of the member escapes through hydrogen to cool, and then the platinum temperature measuring element inside the member cools. The resistance value will change. Therefore, the response of this hydrogen sensor is slow. When the response of only the detection element is actually evaluated, it is 5 minutes per minute.
It took about 3 minutes for the output to stabilize when switching to a hydrogen-containing air flow rate of 00 cc. For this reason, this hydrogen leakage detector has a built-in suction pump for allowing the gas to reach the detection element as quickly as possible, and is configured to detect hydrogen leakage quickly by this.
【０００８】本発明は吸引ポンプなどの複雑な構成を用
いることなく、水素センサの応答性を速めることを目的
とするものである。An object of the present invention is to speed up the responsiveness of the hydrogen sensor without using a complicated structure such as a suction pump.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】この目的を達成するため
に、本発明はＢ定数が１０００Ｋ以上３５００Ｋ以下の
第１、第２のサーミスタと、この第１のサーミスタを有
孔ケースで内包した検出素子と、前記第２のサーミスタ
を乾燥空気中で無孔ケース内に封止した参照素子とを有
し、前記検出素子と前記参照素子に導入された水素によ
る両者の抵抗値変化の差を電気的に検出し、水素濃度に
換算して出力するものである。このように、検出素子に
サーミスタを用いることで、サーミスタ全体が発熱する
ため、水素が到達すると直接サーミスタが冷え、それに
伴い抵抗値がすぐに変化するので、水素センサの応答性
を速めることができる。In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides first and second thermistors having a B constant of 1000 K or more and 3500 K or less, and a detection in which the first thermistor is included in a perforated case. An element and a reference element in which the second thermistor is sealed in a non-porous case in dry air, and a difference in resistance value change due to hydrogen introduced into the detection element and the reference element is electrically generated. It is detected automatically, converted into hydrogen concentration and output. As described above, by using the thermistor for the detection element, the entire thermistor generates heat, so that when the hydrogen reaches, the thermistor directly cools and the resistance value immediately changes, so that the responsiveness of the hydrogen sensor can be accelerated. .
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】（実施の形態）以下、本発明の一
実施の形態を添付図面に従って説明する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION (Embodiment) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
【００１１】図９は本発明の実施の形態における水素セ
ンサを用いた自動車の概略構造を示す断面図である。FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a schematic structure of an automobile using the hydrogen sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【００１２】図９において、１０１は自動車の本体で、
本体１０１は乗車空間１０２と、水素タンク収納空間１
０３と、駆動手段収納空間１０４と、床下空間１０５
が、それぞれ空間として分離された状態で形成されてい
る。水素タンク収納空間１０３には水素を貯蔵するタン
ク１０６が設けられている。タンク１０６は、特に衝突
時における水素漏洩に対する安全性を確保するために、
外側タンク１０７と内側タンク１０８からなる二重構造
となっており、内側タンク１０８内に水素が貯蔵されて
いる。また、駆動手段収納空間１０４には本体１０１を
駆動するためのモーター１０９が設けられている。床下
空間１０５には燃料電池１１０が設けられている。In FIG. 9, 101 is the body of the automobile.
The main body 101 is a passenger space 102 and a hydrogen tank storage space 1
03, drive means storage space 104, and underfloor space 105
Are formed in separate states as spaces. The hydrogen tank storage space 103 is provided with a tank 106 for storing hydrogen. The tank 106 is provided in order to ensure safety against hydrogen leakage especially in the case of collision.
It has a double structure including an outer tank 107 and an inner tank 108, and hydrogen is stored in the inner tank 108. Further, a motor 109 for driving the main body 101 is provided in the drive means housing space 104. A fuel cell 110 is provided in the underfloor space 105.
【００１３】次に、この自動車の動作を説明する。タン
ク１０６から供給された水素が床下空間１０５に設けら
れた燃料電池１１０で電気エネルギーに変換され、その
電気エネルギーがモーター１０９に伝達されてタイヤ１
１１を駆動するようになっている。なお、タイヤ１１１
の操蛇方向は乗車空間１０２内からハンドル１１２で行
うようになっている。Next, the operation of this automobile will be described. The hydrogen supplied from the tank 106 is converted into electric energy by the fuel cell 110 provided in the underfloor space 105, and the electric energy is transmitted to the motor 109 and the tire 1
11 is driven. Note that the tire 111
The steering direction is controlled by the handle 112 from inside the riding space 102.
【００１４】このような自動車において、それぞれの空
間には水素センサ１１３が設けられている。乗車空間１
０２に設けた水素センサ１１３は乗車空間１０２の中で
最も上部にあたる天井前部に、水素タンク収納空間１０
３に設けた水素センサ１１３はタンク１０６が二重構造
であるため外側タンク１０７の最上部に、駆動手段格納
空間１０４に設けた水素センサ１１３は駆動手段格納空
間１０４の中で最も上部にあたるボンネット後端部に、
床下空間１０５に設けた水素センサ１１３は床下空間１
０５の最上部に、それぞれ配している。水素センサ１１
３にはそれぞれ漏洩水素を少しでも早く検出するために
円錐形状のフードからなる集ガス部１１４を設け、その
頂点に水素センサ１１３が取り付けてある。また、乗車
空間１０２および床下空間１０５には、漏洩水素が効率
よく水素センサ１１３に至るように、それぞれ天井傾斜
部１１５および床下空間傾斜部１１６を設け、その最上
部に集ガス部１１４付きの水素センサ１１３を配してい
る。In such an automobile, a hydrogen sensor 113 is provided in each space. Boarding space 1
The hydrogen sensor 113 provided in 02 is installed in the hydrogen tank storage space 10 at the front of the ceiling, which is the uppermost part of the riding space 102.
Since the hydrogen sensor 113 provided in No. 3 has the double structure of the tank 106, the hydrogen sensor 113 provided in the driving means storing space 104 is at the top of the outer tank 107, and the hydrogen sensor 113 provided in the driving means storing space 104 is located at the top of the bonnet. At the end,
The hydrogen sensor 113 provided in the underfloor space 105 is the underfloor space 1
They are placed at the top of 05. Hydrogen sensor 11
3 has a gas collecting portion 114 composed of a conical hood for detecting leaked hydrogen as soon as possible, and a hydrogen sensor 113 is attached to the apex thereof. Further, in the passenger space 102 and the underfloor space 105, a ceiling inclined portion 115 and an underfloor space inclined portion 116 are provided so that leaked hydrogen efficiently reaches the hydrogen sensor 113, and hydrogen with a gas collecting portion 114 is provided at the top thereof. The sensor 113 is arranged.
【００１５】上記水素センサ１１３は具体的には図１，
２に示すような構成になっている。The hydrogen sensor 113 is specifically shown in FIG.
It has a structure as shown in FIG.
【００１６】図１は本発明の実施の形態における水素セ
ンサの概略斜視図である。図２は本発明の実施の形態の
水素センサにおける図１の点線部の概略断面図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a hydrogen sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a dotted line portion of FIG. 1 in the hydrogen sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【００１７】これらの図において、１は測温体であり、
詳細は後の組立方法で述べるが、サーミスタの両面に電
極を設け、各電極に端子２を取り付けて、サーミスタお
よび端子２の一部の表面をフッ素系樹脂からなる耐水性
層３でコーティングした構成を有している。ここで用い
たサーミスタはマンガン、コバルト、銅、バナジウムか
らなる複合酸化物焼結体を直径１．２ｍｍ、厚さ０．２
ｍｍの円板状に切削加工したもので、Ｂ定数は２３００
Ｋである。また、サーミスタに取り付けた端子２は板厚
０．０５ｍｍ、幅０．２ｍｍのコバール（２９％ニッケ
ル、１７％コバルト−鉄合金、ＫＯＶＡＲは米国ウェス
ティングハウス社の商標）に、一部曲げ加工により、た
わみ部４を設けたものを用いた。なお、端子２はサーミ
スタと熱膨張係数が近いのでコバールを用いたが、これ
は、同様の熱膨張係数を有する４２％ニッケル−鉄合金
でもよい。この場合、半田付け性を改善するために表面
にはニッケルメッキを付けたものがよい。In these figures, 1 is a temperature measuring element,
As will be described in detail later in the assembly method, electrodes are provided on both sides of the thermistor, terminals 2 are attached to each electrode, and a part of the surfaces of the thermistor and the terminals 2 are coated with a water resistant layer 3 made of a fluororesin. have. The thermistor used here is a composite oxide sintered body made of manganese, cobalt, copper, and vanadium with a diameter of 1.2 mm and a thickness of 0.2.
It is cut into a disc with a diameter of mm, and the B constant is 2300.
K. Further, the terminal 2 attached to the thermistor is made of Kovar (29% nickel, 17% cobalt-iron alloy, KOVAR is a trademark of US Westinghouse Co., Ltd.) having a plate thickness of 0.05 mm and a width of 0.2 mm by partially bending it. What provided the flexible part 4 was used. The terminal 2 is made of Kovar because it has a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of the thermistor, but 42% nickel-iron alloy having a similar thermal expansion coefficient may be used. In this case, nickel plating is preferably applied to the surface in order to improve solderability.
【００１８】図２において、測温体１は直径０．４５ｍ
ｍの金属製のピン５の一部を平坦に加工した平坦部５ａ
（図２及び図７）に端子２を抵抗スポット溶接すること
により電気的、および、機械的に接続されている。ピン
５はステンレス鋼製の台座６にガラスハーメチックシー
ル７を介して固定されている。In FIG. 2, the temperature measuring element 1 has a diameter of 0.45 m.
flat part 5a obtained by processing a part of the metal pin 5 of m
The terminals 2 are electrically and mechanically connected to each other (Figs. 2 and 7) by resistance spot welding. The pin 5 is fixed to a pedestal 6 made of stainless steel via a glass hermetic seal 7.
【００１９】測温体１の上下方向には、測温体１に接し
ないように耐熱絶縁プラスチック製の白色の断熱材９が
ピン５に差し込まれている。断熱材９はピン５とエポキ
シ系の接着剤８で固定されている。また、断熱材９は内
部に多数の気泡９ａを有している。A white heat insulating material 9 made of heat-resistant insulating plastic is inserted into the pin 5 in the vertical direction of the temperature sensing element 1 so as not to contact the temperature sensing element 1. The heat insulating material 9 is fixed to the pin 5 with an epoxy adhesive 8. Moreover, the heat insulating material 9 has many air bubbles 9a inside.
【００２０】測温体１、端子２、ピン５、および、断熱
材９は内面が金属光沢を有したステンレス鋼製のケース
１０ａ，１０ｂ内に収納され、ケース１０ａ，１０ｂと
台座６はプロジェクション溶接により接合される。これ
により、断熱材９はケース１０ａ，１０ｂ内部でサーミ
スタおよび端子２以外の空間に配されることになる。The temperature measuring element 1, the terminal 2, the pin 5, and the heat insulating material 9 are housed in stainless steel cases 10a and 10b whose inner surfaces have a metallic luster, and the cases 10a and 10b and the pedestal 6 are projection welded. Are joined by. As a result, the heat insulating material 9 is arranged in the space other than the thermistor and the terminal 2 inside the cases 10a and 10b.
【００２１】ここで、水素濃度の検出素子１１は水素を
測温体１に導入するために、ケース１０ａの測温体１と
対向しない位置に直径１ｍｍの孔１２を４ヵ所に設けて
ある。一方、図示しない参照素子は水素濃度を検知しな
いので、ケース１０ａと同じサイズで孔を設けないケー
ス１０ｂを台座６に溶接し、接合してある。この際、参
照素子は空気の熱伝導の基準を与えるためのものである
ので、乾燥空気を封入してある。Here, in order to introduce hydrogen into the temperature sensing element 1, the hydrogen concentration detecting element 11 is provided with four holes 12 having a diameter of 1 mm at a position not facing the temperature sensing element 1 of the case 10a. On the other hand, since a reference element (not shown) does not detect hydrogen concentration, a case 10b having the same size as the case 10a and having no hole is welded and joined to the pedestal 6. At this time, the reference element is used to provide a reference for heat conduction of air, and therefore, dry air is enclosed.
【００２２】検出素子１１および参照素子のケース１０
ａ，１０ｂの外側には、ケース１０ａ，１０ｂと１ｍｍ
の隙間を有し、かつ、孔１２を覆うように板厚０．２ｍ
ｍのステンレス鋼からなるカバー１３がケース１０ａ，
１０ｂに溶接により接合されている。Case 10 of detecting element 11 and reference element
On the outside of a, 10b, the case 10a, 10b and 1 mm
And has a thickness of 0.2 m so as to cover the hole 12
a cover 13 made of stainless steel of 10 m,
It is joined to 10b by welding.
【００２３】図８において、検出素子１１と参照素子２
６の台座６から外側に突出したピン５は、それぞれ検出
回路を構成する回路基板１４に半田付けされている。検
出素子１１と参照素子２６の外側には、それらに接触し
ないように焼結金属からなる通気性のフィルター１５が
配され、さらにフィルター１５の外側にはプレス加工に
より直径３ｍｍの多数の孔を設けた板厚０．２ｍｍの銅
製の囲体１６が設けられている。なお、囲体１６はプレ
ス加工後、空気中で熱処理することにより、表面に耐食
層として酸化層を設けてある。In FIG. 8, the detection element 11 and the reference element 2
The pins 5 projecting outward from the pedestal 6 are soldered to the circuit boards 14 forming the detection circuits. A breathable filter 15 made of a sintered metal is arranged outside the detection element 11 and the reference element 26 so as not to come into contact with the detection element 11 and the reference element 26, and a large number of holes with a diameter of 3 mm are formed on the outside of the filter 15 by press working. A copper enclosure 16 having a plate thickness of 0.2 mm is provided. The enclosure 16 is heat-treated in the air after being pressed to form an oxide layer as a corrosion resistant layer on the surface.
【００２４】以上述べた水素検出部は図２において回路
基板固定ネジ１７で耐熱プラスチック製の外箱１８に収
納固定される。外箱１８には同材質の外箱用フタ１９が
接続される。The hydrogen detector described above is housed and fixed in an outer case 18 made of heat-resistant plastic by a circuit board fixing screw 17 in FIG. An outer box lid 19 made of the same material is connected to the outer box 18.
【００２５】このようにして完成した水素センサ１１３
は水素センサ固定ネジ２０により図９に示した自動車本
体１０１の水素センサ取付位置に各々取り付けられる。
図１に示すように水素センサ１１３への電源供給、出力
取り出しは外箱１８の側面に設けたコネクタ２１により
行われる。The hydrogen sensor 113 completed in this way
Are attached to the hydrogen sensor attachment positions of the automobile body 101 shown in FIG. 9 by the hydrogen sensor fixing screws 20, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 1, power supply and output output to the hydrogen sensor 113 are performed by a connector 21 provided on the side surface of the outer box 18.
【００２６】次に、水素センサの検知部分における組立
方法について図３から図８を用いて説明する。まず、図
３に示すように、円板状のサーミスタ２２の両面に、電
極２３として銀、パラジウム、白金の合金ペーストをス
クリーン印刷し、焼成する。その際、電極パターンは図
３のように外周が三角波状または矩形波状の円形状と
し、焼成は８５０℃で行った。この電極２３に端子２を
取り付ける方法を図４に示す。電極２３の上に端子２を
載せ、両者を半田２４で接合する。ここで、半田２４を
溶融させたときに半田２４の量を一定にするために、ボ
ール形状に成形した半田ボールを所定の個数だけ使って
半田付けする。本実施の形態では融点２４０℃の直径
０．４ｍｍの半田ボールを１個使用して半田付けを行っ
た。Next, a method of assembling the detection portion of the hydrogen sensor will be described with reference to FIGS. First, as shown in FIG. 3, silver-palladium-platinum alloy paste is screen-printed as electrodes 23 on both surfaces of a disk-shaped thermistor 22 and baked. At that time, the electrode pattern had a circular shape with a triangular wave shape or a rectangular wave shape as shown in FIG. 3, and firing was performed at 850 ° C. A method of attaching the terminal 2 to the electrode 23 is shown in FIG. The terminal 2 is placed on the electrode 23, and the two are joined by the solder 24. Here, in order to make the amount of the solder 24 constant when the solder 24 is melted, soldering is performed by using a predetermined number of ball-shaped solder balls. In this embodiment, one solder ball having a melting point of 240 ° C. and a diameter of 0.4 mm is used for soldering.
【００２７】このようにしてサーミスタ２２の両面に形
成した電極２３にそれぞれ端子２を半田付けするのであ
るが、この際、両方の端子２の方向が互いに同一になら
ないように取り付けた。本実施の形態では互いに１８０
°の方向になるようにした。The terminals 2 are soldered to the electrodes 23 formed on both surfaces of the thermistor 22 in this way, but at this time, the terminals 2 are attached so that the directions of both terminals 2 are not the same. In this embodiment, 180
It was set in the direction of °.
【００２８】次に、端子付きのサーミスタ２２を恒温槽
（図示せず）に入れ、既定温度（例えば１００℃）での
抵抗値を測定する。抵抗値が既定値より低い場合は、恒
温槽内に設置してあるレーザー光照射ユニット（図示せ
ず）から、図５に示したようにレーザー光２５を電極２
３の外周に設けた三角波状または矩形波状部分に照射し
て電極パターンの一部を飛ばす。これにより既定抵抗値
に合わせることができる。また、最初から抵抗値が既定
値より高い場合は不良として選別する。なお、本実施の
形態で用いたレーザー光照射ユニットの最高使用温度で
ある１００℃で抵抗値調整を行った。Next, the thermistor 22 with a terminal is placed in a thermostat (not shown), and the resistance value at a predetermined temperature (for example, 100 ° C.) is measured. When the resistance value is lower than the predetermined value, the laser light 25 is supplied from the laser light irradiation unit (not shown) installed in the constant temperature bath to the electrode 2 as shown in FIG.
A part of the electrode pattern is skipped by irradiating a triangular or rectangular wave portion provided on the outer periphery of 3. This makes it possible to match the predetermined resistance value. If the resistance value is higher than the preset value from the beginning, it is classified as a defect. The resistance value was adjusted at 100 ° C., which is the maximum operating temperature of the laser light irradiation unit used in this embodiment.
【００２９】このようにして抵抗値を合わせた端子付き
のサーミスタ２２は、図６に示すように、端子２の一部
を含むようサーミスタ２２全体にフッ素系樹脂からなる
耐水性層３を塗布、硬化させて形成し、測温体１が完成
する。As shown in FIG. 6, the thermistor 22 with terminals whose resistance values are adjusted in this manner is coated with the water resistant layer 3 made of a fluororesin on the entire thermistor 22 so as to include a part of the terminal 2. The temperature measuring element 1 is completed by curing and forming.
【００３０】次に、検出素子および参照素子の組立方法
を図７（ａ），（ｂ）に示す。台座６に設けた２本のピ
ン５には、まず、上半分の断熱材９が挿入される。ピン
５と断熱材９の隙間にはエポキシ系接着剤を注入して両
者を固定する。次に、ピン５にあらかじめ形成してある
平坦部５ａに測温体１の一方の端子２を載せ、抵抗溶接
により接続する。同様にもう一方の端子２もピン５の平
坦部５ａに抵抗溶接する。ここで、ピン５の平坦部５ａ
は図７（ａ）に示したように互いに反対側に形成した。
これは、端子２をサーミスタ２２の両面に取り付ける
と、サーミスタ２２の板厚の分、端子２の位置がずれる
ため、それを補正して２本のピン５の間に測温体１をま
っすぐ取り付けるためである。Next, a method of assembling the detection element and the reference element is shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b). First, the upper half of the heat insulating material 9 is inserted into the two pins 5 provided on the pedestal 6. An epoxy adhesive is injected into the gap between the pin 5 and the heat insulating material 9 to fix them. Next, one terminal 2 of the temperature sensing element 1 is placed on the flat portion 5a formed in advance on the pin 5 and connected by resistance welding. Similarly, the other terminal 2 is resistance-welded to the flat portion 5a of the pin 5. Here, the flat portion 5a of the pin 5
Were formed on opposite sides as shown in FIG.
This is because when the terminals 2 are attached to both sides of the thermistor 22, the position of the terminals 2 is displaced by the plate thickness of the thermistor 22, so that the temperature is compensated and the temperature sensing element 1 is attached straight between the two pins 5. This is because.
【００３１】測温体１の下側には、上半分の断熱材９と
同形状の断熱材９を図７（ａ），（ｂ）に示す方向に挿
入し、ピン５と断熱材９の隙間にエポキシ系接着剤を注
入して両者を固定する。Below the temperature sensing element 1, a heat insulating material 9 having the same shape as the heat insulating material 9 in the upper half is inserted in the direction shown in FIGS. Epoxy adhesive is injected into the gap to fix both.
【００３２】ここまでは検出素子、参照素子とも同じ部
材、工程であるが、次に取り付ける測温体１や断熱材９
等を収納するケースの違いにより、検出素子と参照素子
を作り分ける。Up to this point, the detection element and the reference element have the same members and processes, but the temperature measuring element 1 and the heat insulating material 9 to be attached next are the same.
The detection element and the reference element are made differently depending on the case in which they are stored.
【００３３】図７（ａ）において検出素子の組立は、孔
１２を設けたケース１０を台座６に溶接し、接合するこ
とにより行う。その後、ケース１０ａの外周にカバー１
３を差し込み、両者を抵抗溶接により固定する。この
際、ケース１０ａの孔１２がある部分とカバー１３は１
ｍｍの隙間ができるように固定した。In FIG. 7A, the detection element is assembled by welding the case 10 having the hole 12 to the pedestal 6 and joining them together. After that, the cover 1 is attached to the outer periphery of the case 10a.
Insert 3 and fix both by resistance welding. At this time, the portion of the case 10a having the hole 12 and the cover 13 are
It was fixed so that there was a gap of mm.
【００３４】一方、参照素子の組立は、図７（ｂ）にお
いて孔を設けないケース１０ｂを台座６に溶接し、接合
することで行うが、この際、基準となる乾燥空気中で溶
接し、接合を行う。乾燥空気を用いたのは、結露による
参照素子の出力誤差をなくすためである。後は検出素子
と同じ位置に同じカバー１３を固定する。On the other hand, the reference element is assembled by welding a case 10b having no hole in FIG. 7 (b) to the pedestal 6 and joining them. In this case, the reference element is welded in dry air. Join. The dry air is used to eliminate the output error of the reference element due to dew condensation. After that, the same cover 13 is fixed at the same position as the detecting element.
【００３５】以上のようにして完成した検出素子１１と
参照素子２６は図８に示すように回路基板１４に半田付
けにより電気的かつ、機械的に固定される。この際、検
出素子１１と参照素子２６は回路基板１４に直接接しな
いように２ｍｍの隙間を空けて取り付けた。次に検出素
子１１と参照素子２６を内包するようにフィルター１５
を回路基板１４に接着剤で固定する。さらにフィルター
１５を内包するように囲体１６を回路基板１４に取り付
ける。なお、囲体１６のつば部分には固定穴２７が設け
られており、図２に示すように囲体１６と回路基板１４
は外箱１８に回路基板固定ネジ１７で同時に固定され
る。The detection element 11 and the reference element 26 completed as described above are electrically and mechanically fixed to the circuit board 14 by soldering, as shown in FIG. At this time, the detection element 11 and the reference element 26 were attached with a gap of 2 mm so as not to come into direct contact with the circuit board 14. Next, the filter 15 is arranged so as to include the detection element 11 and the reference element 26.
Is fixed to the circuit board 14 with an adhesive. Further, the enclosure 16 is attached to the circuit board 14 so as to include the filter 15. In addition, a fixing hole 27 is provided in the flange portion of the enclosure 16, and the enclosure 16 and the circuit board 14 are provided as shown in FIG.
Are simultaneously fixed to the outer box 18 by the circuit board fixing screws 17.
【００３６】以上のようにして水素センサの検知部分が
完成する。The detection portion of the hydrogen sensor is completed as described above.
【００３７】次に、検出回路の構成について図８を用い
て説明する。Next, the structure of the detection circuit will be described with reference to FIG.
【００３８】図８において、回路基板１４上にはブロッ
ク図で示した検出回路が構成されている。検出素子１１
と参照素子２６には、それぞれ直列に固定抵抗２８が接
続されている。両者は並列に接続され、全体としてブリ
ッジ回路を構成している。ブリッジ回路には一定電圧を
印加する直流電源２９が接続してある。検出素子１１と
参照素子２６には、それぞれ電圧計３０が接続してあ
り、その出力はマイクロコンピュータ３１に伝達され
る。マイクロコンピュータ３１は電圧計３０の出力から
所定の演算を行い、水素濃度を出力端子３２から出力す
る。In FIG. 8, the detection circuit shown in the block diagram is formed on the circuit board 14. Detection element 11
Fixed resistors 28 are connected in series to the reference element 26 and the reference element 26, respectively. Both are connected in parallel to form a bridge circuit as a whole. A DC power supply 29 for applying a constant voltage is connected to the bridge circuit. A voltmeter 30 is connected to each of the detection element 11 and the reference element 26, and the output thereof is transmitted to the microcomputer 31. The microcomputer 31 performs a predetermined calculation from the output of the voltmeter 30 and outputs the hydrogen concentration from the output terminal 32.
【００３９】固定抵抗２８の抵抗値は次の様にして決め
た。まず、自動車用水素センサとして要望される使用温
度範囲（−４０〜１００℃）でのサーミスタの電流−電
圧特性（以下、静特性）を求め、各温度での静特性のグ
ラフを作成する。次に、ブリッジ回路に印加する電圧に
おける様々な固定抵抗値での負荷直線を前記グラフに重
ねて記入する。サーミスタの静特性におけるピークを超
えた部分が、サーミスタが周囲への熱引けに打ち勝ち、
安定して発熱できる範囲であるので、その範囲内で、か
つ、−４０℃から１００℃の全温度で負荷直線が静特性
と交点（水素センサの動作点）を有する抵抗値を求め
る。この条件を満たす抵抗値は種々存在するが、どの抵
抗値でもよいわけではなく、本水素センサの原理より、
サーミスタの発熱温度は必ず使用最高温度（１００℃）
より高くなければならないため、前記全温度での交点に
おける電流値と電圧値からサーミスタの抵抗値を求め、
Ｂ定数を用いて発熱温度を算出し、１００℃以上となる
抵抗値を決定する。The resistance value of the fixed resistor 28 was determined as follows. First, the current-voltage characteristics (hereinafter, static characteristics) of the thermistor in the operating temperature range (-40 to 100 ° C) required for a hydrogen sensor for automobiles are obtained, and a graph of static characteristics at each temperature is created. Next, the load straight lines at various fixed resistance values at the voltage applied to the bridge circuit are overlaid on the graph. The part that exceeds the peak in the static characteristics of the thermistor, the thermistor overcomes the heat sink to the surroundings,
Since it is a range in which heat can be stably generated, a resistance value having a static characteristic and an intersection point (operating point of the hydrogen sensor) of the load line within the range and at all temperatures from -40 ° C to 100 ° C is obtained. There are various resistance values that satisfy this condition, but it does not mean that any resistance value is acceptable.
The heat generation temperature of the thermistor is always the maximum operating temperature (100 ° C)
Since it must be higher, the resistance value of the thermistor is obtained from the current value and the voltage value at the intersection at all the temperatures,
The heat generation temperature is calculated using the B constant, and the resistance value at which the temperature is 100 ° C. or higher is determined.
【００４０】本実施の形態においては、サーミスタの諸
特性が、抵抗値が２５℃で２００Ω台、１５０℃で２０
Ω台、またＢ定数が約２３００Ｋであり、ブリッジ印加
電圧は自動車用バッテリーの電圧変動を考慮して８Ｖ
に、サーミスタ発熱温度はマージンをみて１５０℃に設
定し、これらから上記手順に従って抵抗値を求めると約
１５０Ωが最適であったので、固定抵抗２８の抵抗値は
１５０Ωとした。In the present embodiment, the thermistor has various characteristics such that the resistance value is in the range of 200Ω at 25 ° C. and 20 at 150 ° C.
Ω level, B constant is about 2300K, bridge applied voltage is 8V in consideration of voltage fluctuation of automobile battery
In addition, the thermistor heat generation temperature was set to 150 ° C. with a margin taken into consideration, and the resistance value was found to be about 150Ω according to the above procedure. Therefore, the resistance value of the fixed resistor 28 was set to 150Ω.
【００４１】なお、サーミスタのＢ定数については、大
きいほど感度（抵抗値変化率）も大きくなるが、抵抗値
自体も指数関数的に大きくなり低温側でＭΩオーダーに
なるので、回路的に高抵抗を精度よく測定するのが困難
となる。逆にＢ定数が小さいと、感度も小さくなるた
め、回路の増幅率を上げなければならなくなり、ノイズ
的に不利となる。これらのことから、発明者らはいろい
ろなＢ定数のサーミスタを検討した結果、Ｂ定数が１０
００Ｋ以上３５００Ｋ以下であれば、回路的に最適な水
素センサを構成できることがわかった。Regarding the B constant of the thermistor, the sensitivity (rate of change in resistance value) increases as it increases, but the resistance value itself also increases exponentially and reaches the MΩ order on the low temperature side. Therefore, the circuit has a high resistance. Is difficult to measure accurately. On the other hand, if the B constant is small, the sensitivity also becomes small, so the amplification factor of the circuit must be increased, which is disadvantageous in terms of noise. From these facts, the present inventors have examined various thermistors having B constants and found that the B constants are 10
It has been found that a hydrogen sensor that is optimal in terms of circuitry can be configured if it is from 00K to 3500K.
【００４２】次に、本実施の形態の水素センサの動作に
ついて説明する。Next, the operation of the hydrogen sensor of this embodiment will be described.
【００４３】図１において水素センサ１１３の電源がコ
ネクタ２１を介して印加されると、直流電源２９はブリ
ッジ回路に所定の電圧（８Ｖ）を印加する。これによ
り、ブリッジ回路に電流が流れ、検出素子１１および参
照素子２６のサーミスタが速やかに発熱する。In FIG. 1, when the power source of the hydrogen sensor 113 is applied via the connector 21, the DC power source 29 applies a predetermined voltage (8V) to the bridge circuit. As a result, a current flows through the bridge circuit, and the thermistors of the detection element 11 and the reference element 26 quickly generate heat.
【００４４】この状態で、大気中に水素が混入すると、
水素は図２の矢印で示したように、囲体１６の穴を通っ
てフィルター１５に達する。フィルター１５は目の細か
い焼結金属製なので、水素は点線で示したようにフィル
ター１５内を分散して内部へ到達する。このように外部
の水素が直接フィルター１５内部に至ることがないの
で、フィルター１５が整流作用を行うことになり、流量
変動の影響を低減できる。In this state, if hydrogen is mixed into the atmosphere,
Hydrogen reaches the filter 15 through the holes in the enclosure 16 as shown by the arrow in FIG. Since the filter 15 is made of a fine-grained sintered metal, hydrogen is dispersed inside the filter 15 and reaches the inside as shown by the dotted line. As described above, since the hydrogen outside does not reach the inside of the filter 15 directly, the filter 15 performs a rectifying action, and the influence of the flow rate fluctuation can be reduced.
【００４５】フィルター１５の内部に至った水素は検出
素子１１とカバー１３の隙間に拡散し、孔１２を通って
測温体１に達する。測温体１は発熱しているので、水素
が到達すると、その濃度に応じて測温体１は冷却され温
度が下がる。その結果、測温体１の抵抗値が上がり図８
の検出素子１１の両端に設けた電圧計３０の電圧が上が
る。その変化はマイクロコンピュータ３１に伝達され
る。The hydrogen that has reached the inside of the filter 15 diffuses into the gap between the detection element 11 and the cover 13, and reaches the temperature sensing element 1 through the hole 12. Since the temperature sensing element 1 is generating heat, when hydrogen reaches the temperature sensing element 1, the temperature sensing element 1 is cooled according to the concentration thereof and the temperature thereof drops. As a result, the resistance value of the temperature sensing element 1 rises and the temperature sensor 1 shown in FIG.
The voltage of the voltmeter 30 provided at both ends of the detection element 11 of FIG. The change is transmitted to the microcomputer 31.
【００４６】図８において、参照素子２６には孔１２が
設けられていないので、測温体１が水素により冷却され
ることはなく測温体１の温度は変わらない。従って、参
照素子２６の両端に設けた電圧計３０の電圧は変化しな
い。この電圧値もマイクロコンピュータ３１に伝達され
る。In FIG. 8, since the reference element 26 is not provided with the hole 12, the temperature sensing element 1 is not cooled by hydrogen and the temperature of the temperature sensing element 1 does not change. Therefore, the voltage of the voltmeter 30 provided at both ends of the reference element 26 does not change. This voltage value is also transmitted to the microcomputer 31.
【００４７】マイクロコンピュータ３１は両方の電圧計
３０の出力から、その電圧差を演算するとともに、参照
素子２６の電圧値から水素センサ周囲温度を求める。電
圧差は水素濃度に依存するが、同時に温度依存性も有す
るため、あらかじめマイクロコンピュータ３１の内部の
記憶装置に記録された各周囲温度における電圧差と水素
濃度の相関テーブルを参照して、水素濃度に換算して出
力端子３２より水素濃度を出力している。The microcomputer 31 calculates the voltage difference from the outputs of both voltmeters 30 and obtains the hydrogen sensor ambient temperature from the voltage value of the reference element 26. Although the voltage difference depends on the hydrogen concentration, but also has the temperature dependency, the hydrogen concentration is referred to by referring to the correlation table of the voltage difference and the hydrogen concentration at each ambient temperature which is recorded in advance in the storage device of the microcomputer 31. The hydrogen concentration is output from the output terminal 32 after being converted into.
【００４８】自動車の運転後は、イグニションをオフに
しても、すぐに水素センサへの電源が切れないようにし
ている。本実施の形態ではイグニションをオフした後、
約１０分で電源を切るように制御している。これは、測
温体１への結露を防止するためである。この点を以下詳
細に説明する。After the operation of the automobile, even if the ignition is turned off, the power supply to the hydrogen sensor is not immediately turned off. In this embodiment, after turning off the ignition,
It is controlled to turn off the power in about 10 minutes. This is to prevent dew condensation on the temperature sensing element 1. This point will be described in detail below.
【００４９】例えば真冬に自動車使用後すぐ水素センサ
の電源を切ると、車室内などに残存する水蒸気が室温の
低下とともに結露してしまい、測温体１の表面にも水滴
が付着する可能性がある。この状態で次に自動車を使用
すると、測温体１に通電しても、水滴が蒸発する分、昇
温が遅くなり、測温体１の発熱特性が水滴なしの状態と
比べ変わってしまう。一方、参照素子２６は乾燥空気で
封止されているため、発熱特性に変化はない。そのため
水素センサ起動特性に差が生じ、水滴があったための変
化と水素が導入されたための変化との区別がつかなくな
り、誤差の要因となってしまう。For example, if the hydrogen sensor is turned off immediately after using the vehicle in the middle of winter, the water vapor remaining in the vehicle interior or the like may condense with a decrease in room temperature, and water droplets may adhere to the surface of the temperature sensing element 1. is there. When the automobile is used next in this state, even if the temperature measuring element 1 is energized, the temperature rise is delayed by the amount of water droplets evaporating, and the heat generation characteristics of the temperature measuring element 1 are different from those without water droplets. On the other hand, since the reference element 26 is sealed with dry air, the heat generation characteristics do not change. Therefore, a difference occurs in the hydrogen sensor starting characteristics, and it becomes impossible to distinguish between the change due to the presence of water droplets and the change due to the introduction of hydrogen, which causes an error.
【００５０】検出素子１１の測温体１に結露をさせない
ために、イグニションオフ後、遅れて水素センサ電源を
切るようにしてある。これにより、測温体１はしばらく
の間、１５０℃のまま保持されるので、結露することは
ない。さらに、水素センサに設けた囲体１６は熱伝導の
よい銅でできているので、車室内が冷えるに従ってセン
サの部品としては囲体１６が先に冷却され、囲体１６表
面に優先的に結露水が付着する。囲体１６の内側には焼
結金属製のフィルター１５が設けられており、これも車
室内温度の低下に伴って冷やされるので、その表面にも
結露水が付着する。従って囲体１６とフィルター１５で
水蒸気が二重にトラップされ、検出素子１１内部へは水
蒸気がほとんど導入されなくなり、測温体１は結露しな
い構成とすることができる。In order to prevent dew condensation on the temperature sensing element 1 of the detecting element 11, the hydrogen sensor power is turned off after a delay after the ignition is turned off. As a result, the temperature sensing element 1 is kept at 150 ° C. for a while, so that no dew condensation occurs. Further, since the enclosure 16 provided in the hydrogen sensor is made of copper having good heat conduction, the enclosure 16 is cooled first as a sensor component as the vehicle interior cools, and the surface of the enclosure 16 is preferentially condensed. Water adheres. A filter 15 made of a sintered metal is provided inside the enclosure 16, which is also cooled as the vehicle interior temperature decreases, so that condensed water also adheres to the surface thereof. Therefore, the water vapor is doubly trapped by the enclosure 16 and the filter 15, the water vapor is hardly introduced into the detection element 11, and the temperature sensing element 1 can be configured to prevent dew condensation.
【００５１】上記構成の水素センサの応答性を従来の水
素センサと同条件で評価したところ、水素混入空気に切
り替えてから約５秒で変化し、従来に比べ極めて早い応
答性が確保できることがわかった。これは、水素センサ
として最適Ｂ定数を有するサーミスタを測温体として使
用することにより、検出素子全体が発熱するので、水素
が到達すると直接サーミスタが冷え、それに伴い抵抗値
がすぐに変化するためである。本構成により、高応答の
水素センサを実現できた。When the responsiveness of the hydrogen sensor having the above-described structure was evaluated under the same conditions as those of the conventional hydrogen sensor, it was found that the responsiveness was remarkably quicker than that of the conventional one, since it changed in about 5 seconds after switching to the air containing hydrogen. It was This is because the use of a thermistor having an optimum B constant as a hydrogen sensor as a temperature measuring element causes the entire detection element to generate heat, so that when the hydrogen reaches, the thermistor directly cools and the resistance value immediately changes accordingly. is there. With this configuration, a highly responsive hydrogen sensor was realized.
【００５２】なお、サーミスタのＢ定数が２３００Ｋ以
上、３５００Ｋ以下のサーミスタを用いる時は、水素セ
ンサとして回路的に最適な印加電圧を設定すると、特に
周囲温度が高い場合に流れる電流が大きくなり、サーミ
スタの発熱温度が高くなる。この場合は、上述のような
半田での電極と端子の接合では半田の融点を越えて接合
が外れる可能性がある。そこで、このようなＢ定数の大
きいサーミスタを使用する場合は電極と端子を金属ペー
ストで接合する構成が効果的である。金属ペーストとし
ては電極と同種のペーストや、密着強度の高い、例え
ば、金ペースト等が適用できる。このような発熱温度の
高いサーミスタを使用する場合は、金属ペーストのよう
に高耐熱導電性接合材を使用すると同時に、検出素子や
参照素子を構成する部材全般に渡っても高耐熱のものに
したり、高温に配慮した部材にする必要がある。When a thermistor having a B constant of 2300 K or more and 3500 K or less is used, if an optimal applied voltage is set for the circuit as a hydrogen sensor, the current flowing becomes large especially when the ambient temperature is high. The exothermic temperature of. In this case, when the electrodes and terminals are joined with solder as described above, there is a possibility that the melting point of the solder will be exceeded and the joining will be broken. Therefore, when such a thermistor having a large B constant is used, it is effective to connect the electrodes and the terminals with a metal paste. As the metal paste, a paste of the same kind as the electrode or a paste having high adhesion strength, such as a gold paste, can be applied. When using such a thermistor with a high heat generation temperature, use a high heat resistant conductive bonding material such as metal paste, and at the same time make it high heat resistant even for all the members constituting the detection element and the reference element. , It is necessary to use a member that takes high temperature into consideration.
【００５３】まず、端子については、上記実施の形態で
はコバールまたはニッケルメッキ付き４２％ニッケル−
鉄合金を用いているが、発熱温度が高いゆえに端子から
の熱引けが大きくなってしまう。そこでこの場合は、電
極との接続部分はサーミスタと熱膨張係数の合っている
コバールまたはニッケルメッキ付き４２％ニッケル−鉄
合金とし、電極と接合しない部分は熱伝導の低い例えば
オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼となるような２種類の金
属をつなぎ合わせた端子を用いればよい。具体的には、
φ０．１５ｍｍ、長さ２ｍｍのコバールまたはニッケル
メッキ付き４２％ニッケル−鉄合金の一方の先端をφ
０．４ｍｍの大形状に塑性加工したものと、φ０．４ｍ
ｍ、長さ２ｍｍのＳＵＳ３０４ステンレス鋼を突き合わ
せ溶接することで形成できる。この場合、たわみ部は加
工のしやすさから直径の小さいコバールまたはニッケル
メッキ付き４２％ニッケル−鉄合金の一部に設ければよ
い。First, regarding the terminals, in the above embodiment, 42% nickel-plated with Kovar or nickel plating is used.
Although an iron alloy is used, the heat dissipation from the terminals becomes large due to the high heat generation temperature. Therefore, in this case, the connection portion with the electrode is made of Kovar or a nickel-plated 42% nickel-iron alloy whose thermal expansion coefficient matches that of the thermistor, and the portion not joined to the electrode is made of, for example, austenitic stainless steel having low heat conduction. It suffices to use a terminal formed by connecting two kinds of metals as described above. In particular,
φ 0.15 mm, length 2 mm Kovar or nickel plated 42% nickel-iron alloy
What is plastically processed into a large shape of 0.4 mm and φ 0.4 m
It can be formed by butt welding SUS304 stainless steel having a length of m and a length of 2 mm. In this case, the flexible portion may be provided on a part of Kovar or a nickel-plated 42% nickel-iron alloy having a small diameter for ease of processing.
【００５４】次に、サーミスタと端子の一部の表面に設
けた耐水性層についても上記実施の形態で述べたフッ素
系樹脂でなく高耐熱のものにする必要がある。これに適
用できる材料として融点が５００℃程度の低融点ガラス
が使用できる。すなわち、サーミスタ発熱温度は、５０
０℃を超えるような高温に設定すると起動に時間がかか
り不利な上、水素の発火点（約５８０℃）以上になると
水素が燃焼してしまうため、どんなに高くても５００℃
未満に設定すべきである。この観点からすると、融点が
５００℃程度の低融点ガラスが適している。Next, the water resistant layer provided on a part of the surface of the thermistor and the terminal also needs to have high heat resistance instead of the fluororesin described in the above embodiment. As a material applicable to this, a low melting point glass having a melting point of about 500 ° C. can be used. That is, the thermistor heat generation temperature is 50
If it is set to a temperature higher than 0 ° C, it will take time to start, which is disadvantageous, and hydrogen will burn if it exceeds the ignition point (about 580 ° C) of hydrogen, so even if it is high, it will be 500 ° C.
Should be set to less than. From this point of view, a low melting point glass having a melting point of about 500 ° C. is suitable.
【００５５】但し、低融点ガラスを焼成する温度は、電
極や金属ペーストの焼成温度以下でなければならず、本
実施の形態の場合は８５０℃以下である。融点が５００
℃から８５０℃の間にある低融点ガラスは様々な組成の
ものが各種市販されているが、耐水性を第一に考慮し、
次にコーティングの作業性や鉛フリーなどの環境保護性
から適当なガラスを選択すればよい。However, the firing temperature of the low melting point glass must be lower than the firing temperature of the electrodes and the metal paste, and in the case of the present embodiment, it is 850 ° C. or lower. Melting point 500
Low melting point glass between ℃ and 850 ℃ various compositions are commercially available, but in consideration of water resistance,
Next, an appropriate glass may be selected in view of workability of coating and environmental protection such as lead-free.
【００５６】さらに、サーミスタ近傍に配される断熱材
について、上記実施の形態では耐熱絶縁プラスチック製
のものを用いているが、高Ｂ定数の場合は発熱温度によ
ってはプラスチックが溶けるため使用できない。そこ
で、この場合は図７に示した断熱材７と同形状に加工し
た多孔質セラミックスを用いればよい。多孔質セラミッ
クスも様々な種類のものが市販されており、基本的には
５００℃以上の耐熱性がある白色系のものであれば、ど
の組成でも構わない。断熱材７とピン５を固定する接着
剤８も耐熱性のある無機系接着剤を用いればよい。Further, as the heat insulating material arranged in the vicinity of the thermistor, the heat insulating material made of heat resistant insulating plastic is used in the above-mentioned embodiment. However, in the case of a high B constant, it cannot be used because the plastic melts depending on the heat generation temperature. Therefore, in this case, porous ceramics processed into the same shape as the heat insulating material 7 shown in FIG. 7 may be used. Various types of porous ceramics are commercially available, and basically any composition may be used as long as it is a white type having heat resistance of 500 ° C. or higher. As the adhesive 8 for fixing the heat insulating material 7 and the pin 5, an inorganic adhesive having heat resistance may be used.
【００５７】次に本発明の特徴部分について列挙する。Next, the characteristic parts of the present invention will be listed.
【００５８】１．サーミスタ２２はマンガン、コバル
ト、銅、バナジウムの複合酸化物としたのでＢ定数が約
２３００Ｋとなり、水素センサとして最適Ｂ定数を持つ
サーミスタ２２が形成できるという効果が得られる。1. Since the thermistor 22 is a composite oxide of manganese, cobalt, copper and vanadium, the B constant is about 2300K, and the effect that the thermistor 22 having the optimum B constant as a hydrogen sensor can be formed can be obtained.
【００５９】２．サーミスタ２２は板状であり、板の両
面に電極２３を設け、これら電極２３に互いに同一方向
にならないように端子２を固定したのでサーミスタ２２
を端子２で浮かすように固定できるため、周辺部材から
の熱引けがなくなるとともに、サーミスタ２２を両持ち
梁構造としたので、自動車の振動に対して強くなるとい
う効果が得られる。2. The thermistor 22 has a plate shape, and the electrodes 23 are provided on both surfaces of the plate, and the terminals 2 are fixed to the electrodes 23 so that they are not in the same direction.
Since the terminal 2 can be fixed so as to float, heat dissipation from the peripheral members is eliminated, and since the thermistor 22 has the double-supported beam structure, it is possible to obtain an effect that it becomes strong against vibration of the automobile.
【００６０】３．端子２と電極２３はサーミスタ２２の
発熱温度以上の融点を有する導電性接合材で固定してい
るので発熱時にサーミスタ２２から端子２が外れること
を防ぐことができ、信頼性が向上するという効果が得ら
れる。3. Since the terminal 2 and the electrode 23 are fixed by a conductive bonding material having a melting point equal to or higher than the heat generation temperature of the thermistor 22, it is possible to prevent the terminal 2 from coming off from the thermistor 22 during heat generation, and it is possible to improve reliability. can get.
【００６１】４．導電性接合材は半田２４としたので、
電極２３と端子２を容易に接続できるという効果が得ら
れる。4. Since the conductive bonding material is solder 24,
The effect that the electrode 23 and the terminal 2 can be easily connected is obtained.
【００６２】５．端子２と電極２３はボール形状の半田
２４を溶融させて固定する構成としたので、半田２４の
量を正確に制御できるため、半田２４による熱容量の素
子間ばらつきを低減でき、ひいては水素センサ１１３の
個体間ばらつきを低減できるという効果が得られる。5. Since the terminals 2 and the electrodes 23 are configured such that the ball-shaped solder 24 is melted and fixed, the amount of the solder 24 can be accurately controlled, so that the variation in heat capacity between the elements due to the solder 24 can be reduced, and by extension, the hydrogen sensor 113. The effect that the variation between individuals can be reduced is obtained.
【００６３】６．導電性接合材は金属ペーストとしたの
で、高温まで電極２３と端子２の接続が外れることがな
くなり、高Ｂ定数のサーミスタ２２を使用しても信頼性
が向上するという効果が得られる。6. Since the conductive bonding material is a metal paste, the connection between the electrode 23 and the terminal 2 is prevented from being disconnected even at a high temperature, and the effect that the reliability is improved even if the thermistor 22 having a high B constant is used.
【００６４】７．電極２３は銀、パラジウム、白金の合
金ペーストとしたので、銀のマイグレーションが低減さ
れるとともに、サーミスタ２２への電極２３の密着強度
が増すため、信頼性が向上するという効果が得られる。7. Since the electrode 23 is an alloy paste of silver, palladium, and platinum, migration of silver is reduced, and the adhesion strength of the electrode 23 to the thermistor 22 is increased, so that the reliability is improved.
【００６５】８．電極２３の一部には抵抗値調整用パタ
ーンを設けた構成としたので、測温体１の抵抗値ばらつ
きが低減できるため、水素センサ１１３の精度を向上で
きるという効果が得られる。8. Since the resistance value adjusting pattern is provided on a part of the electrode 23, the variation in the resistance value of the temperature sensing element 1 can be reduced, so that the accuracy of the hydrogen sensor 113 can be improved.
【００６６】９．端子２はコバールまたは、ニッケルメ
ッキ付き４２％ニッケル−鉄合金からなる構成としたの
で、サーミスタ２２と端子２の熱膨張係数が近づき、両
者の接合部への熱応力を低減でき、信頼性が向上すると
いう効果が得られる。9. Since the terminal 2 is made of Kovar or 42% nickel-iron alloy with nickel plating, the thermal expansion coefficient of the thermistor 22 and the terminal 2 are close to each other, and the thermal stress on the joint between the thermistor 22 and the terminal 2 can be reduced, and the reliability is improved. The effect of doing is obtained.
【００６７】１０．端子２はコバールまたは、ニッケル
メッキ付き４２％ニッケル−鉄合金のいずれか一方と、
オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼を付き合わせ溶接して形
成し、前記コバールまたは、ニッケルメッキ付き４２％
ニッケル−鉄合金のいずれか一方と電極２３が接続固定
された構成としたのでサーミスタ２２と端子２の熱膨張
係数が近づくので、両者の接合部への熱応力を低減でき
るとともに、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼は熱伝導率
が低いため、サーミスタ２２の熱が端子２から逃げにく
くするという効果が得られる。10. Terminal 2 is either Kovar or 42% nickel-iron alloy with nickel plating,
Formed by abutting welding austenitic stainless steel, 42% with Kovar or nickel plating
Since one of the nickel-iron alloys and the electrode 23 are connected and fixed to each other, the thermal expansion coefficients of the thermistor 22 and the terminal 2 are close to each other, so that it is possible to reduce the thermal stress to the joint portion between the thermistor 22 and the terminal 2, and at the same time, austenitic stainless steel. Has a low thermal conductivity, the effect of making it difficult for the heat of the thermistor 22 to escape from the terminal 2 is obtained.
【００６８】１１．端子２の一部にたわみ部を設けた構
成としたので、端子２の全体の熱膨張に起因する応力を
たわみ部で吸収するとともに、外部からの振動をたわみ
部で吸収できるので、信頼性を向上するという効果が得
られる。11. Since the bending portion is provided in a part of the terminal 2, the bending portion can absorb the stress caused by the thermal expansion of the entire terminal 2 and the bending portion can absorb the vibration from the outside. The effect of improvement is obtained.
【００６９】１２．端子２を固定したサーミスタ２２の
表面に耐水性層３を形成したので、ケース１０ａ，１０
ｂ内での結露水のサーミスタ２２への付着を抑制できる
ため、電極２３のマイグレーションや、サーミスタ２
２、端子２の変質を低減できるという効果が得られる。12. Since the water resistant layer 3 is formed on the surface of the thermistor 22 to which the terminal 2 is fixed, the cases 10a, 10
Since the adhesion of the dew condensation water to the thermistor 22 in b can be suppressed, the migration of the electrode 23 and the thermistor 2
2. The effect that the alteration of the terminal 2 can be reduced can be obtained.
【００７０】１３．耐水性層３はフッ素系樹脂からなる
構成としたので、スプレーやディッピング等の工法が利
用できるので、容易に耐水性層３を形成できるという効
果が得られる。13. Since the water resistant layer 3 is made of a fluororesin, a method such as spraying or dipping can be used, so that the water resistant layer 3 can be easily formed.
【００７１】１４．耐水性層３は低融点ガラスからなる
構成としたので、高温でも耐水性層３が破損しないた
め、高Ｂ定数のサーミスタ２２を使用しても信頼性が向
上するという効果が得られる。14. Since the water resistant layer 3 is made of low melting point glass, the water resistant layer 3 is not damaged even at high temperature, and therefore, the reliability is improved even if the thermistor 22 having a high B constant is used.
【００７２】１５．ケース１０ａ，１０ｂの内部でサー
ミスタ２２および端子２以外の空間に断熱材９を配した
ので、ケース１０ａ，１０ｂ内のガス体積が小さくな
り、ガス置換速度が速くなるので応答性が向上するとい
う効果が得られる。15. Since the heat insulating material 9 is arranged in the space other than the thermistor 22 and the terminal 2 inside the cases 10a and 10b, the gas volume in the cases 10a and 10b becomes smaller, and the gas replacement rate becomes faster, so that the response is improved. Is obtained.
【００７３】１６．断熱材９は耐熱絶縁性プラスチック
からなる構成としたので、複雑な形状でも容易に加工が
可能となるとともに、絶縁性であるので端子２の短絡を
防止するという効果が得られる。16. Since the heat insulating material 9 is made of heat-resistant insulating plastic, it can be easily processed even in a complicated shape, and since it is insulating, the effect of preventing a short circuit of the terminal 2 can be obtained.
【００７４】１７．断熱材９が絶縁性セラミックスから
なる構成としたので、端子２の短絡を防止する他、高温
でも断熱材９が破損しないため、高Ｂ定数のサーミスタ
２２を使用しても信頼性が向上するという効果が得られ
る。17. Since the heat insulating material 9 is made of insulating ceramics, the short circuit of the terminal 2 is prevented, and the heat insulating material 9 is not damaged even at high temperature, so that the reliability is improved even if the high B constant thermistor 22 is used. The effect is obtained.
【００７５】１８．断熱材９は内部に気泡９ａを有する
構成としたので、断熱材９全体としてさらに熱伝導を低
減できるという効果が得られる。18. Since the heat insulating material 9 is configured to have the bubbles 9a inside, the heat insulating material 9 as a whole has an effect of further reducing heat conduction.
【００７６】１９．断熱材９は白色系としたので、断熱
材９に伝わった熱は反射されるため、ケース１０ａ，１
０ｂの外部に逃げる熱量を低減することができ、サーミ
スタ２２の発熱を安定させられるという効果が得られ
る。19. Since the heat insulating material 9 is white, the heat transmitted to the heat insulating material 9 is reflected, so that the cases 10a, 1
The amount of heat escaping to the outside of 0b can be reduced, and the effect of stabilizing the heat generation of the thermistor 22 is obtained.
【００７７】２０．検出素子１１のケース１０ａに設け
た孔１２は、サーミスタ２２とは対向しない位置に配し
たので、サーミスタ２２に直接外気が当たらず、風の影
響を受けず高精度に測定できるという効果が得られる。20. Since the hole 12 provided in the case 10a of the detection element 11 is arranged at a position that does not face the thermistor 22, it is possible to obtain an effect that the thermistor 22 is not directly exposed to the outside air and can be measured with high accuracy without being affected by wind. .
【００７８】２１．検出素子１１のケース１０ａの孔１
２にカバーを設けたので、風の影響を低減するととも
に、孔が直接外気側を向いていないため、ケース１０ａ
内への異物の混入や、異物による孔の詰まりを防止でき
るという効果が得られる。21. Hole 1 of case 10a of detection element 11
Since the cover is provided on the case 2, the effect of wind is reduced, and the holes do not directly face the outside air, so the case 10a
It is possible to obtain an effect that it is possible to prevent foreign matter from being mixed in and clogging of holes due to the foreign matter.
【００７９】２２．参照素子２６のケース１０ｂに検出
素子１１に設けたカバー１３と同一のカバー１３を配し
たので、検出素子１１と参照素子２６の熱容量がほぼ一
致し、両者の起動特性の誤差を低減できるという効果が
得られる。22. Since the same cover 13 as the cover 13 provided on the detection element 11 is arranged in the case 10b of the reference element 26, the thermal capacities of the detection element 11 and the reference element 26 are substantially the same, and the error in the starting characteristics of both can be reduced. Is obtained.
【００８０】２３．ケース１０ａ，１０ｂは少なくとも
内面が金属光沢を有する構成としたので、輻射によりケ
ース１０ａ，１０ｂに伝わる熱はケース１０ａ，１０ｂ
内面にて反射されるため、ケース１０ａ，１０ｂを通し
て外部に逃げる熱量を低減することができ、サーミスタ
２２の発熱を安定させられるという効果が得られる。23. At least the inner surfaces of the cases 10a and 10b have a metallic luster, so that the heat transferred to the cases 10a and 10b by radiation is the case 10a and 10b.
Since the light is reflected on the inner surface, the amount of heat that escapes to the outside through the cases 10a and 10b can be reduced, and the heat generated by the thermistor 22 can be stabilized.
【００８１】２４．検出素子１１および参照素子２６
と、それらを電気的かつ機械的に固定する回路基板１４
の間に隙間を設けたので、検出素子１１および参照素子
２６の台座を通した熱引けが低減できるので、サーミス
タ２２の発熱を安定させられるという効果が得られる。24. Detection element 11 and reference element 26
And a circuit board 14 for fixing them electrically and mechanically
Since a gap is provided between the two, heat sinking through the pedestal of the detection element 11 and the reference element 26 can be reduced, so that the heat generation of the thermistor 22 can be stabilized.
【００８２】２５．検出素子１１および参照素子２６を
内包するように通気性を有するフィルター１５を設けた
ので、外気の風が整流されて検出素子１１や参照素子２
６に到達し、風によるサーミスタ２２の熱引けを低減す
ることができるという効果が得られる。25. Since the filter 15 having air permeability is provided so as to include the detection element 11 and the reference element 26, the wind of the outside air is rectified to detect the detection element 11 and the reference element 2.
6, the effect of reducing the heat sink of the thermistor 22 due to the wind can be obtained.
【００８３】２６．フィルター１５は焼結金属製とした
ので、周囲温度低下時の結露が焼結金属上で優先して起
こるため、測温体１への結露を防止することができると
いう効果が得られる。26. Since the filter 15 is made of sintered metal, dew condensation when the ambient temperature is lowered occurs preferentially on the sintered metal, so that the dew condensation on the temperature sensing element 1 can be prevented.
【００８４】２７．フィルター１５の外周には孔を有す
る高熱伝導性の囲体１６を設けたので、周囲温度低下時
の結露がまず囲体１６の上で起こって囲体１６の周辺の
水蒸気濃度が下がり、測温体１の周辺の水蒸気が結露し
た囲体１６の方に拡散していくため、測温体１への結露
を防止することができるという効果が得られる。27. Since a highly heat-conductive enclosure 16 having holes is provided on the outer periphery of the filter 15, dew condensation when the ambient temperature decreases first occurs on the enclosure 16 to reduce the water vapor concentration around the enclosure 16 and measure the temperature. Since water vapor around the body 1 diffuses toward the dewed enclosure 16, dew condensation on the temperature sensing element 1 can be prevented.
【００８５】２８．囲体１６は、表面に耐食層を設けた
熱伝導性のよい銅またはアルミニウムとしたので、周囲
が冷えると素早く冷却され、水素センサ１３の周辺の水
蒸気が結露しやすくなるとともに、耐食層を設けている
ので、結露水による錆等の腐食に強くなるという効果が
得られる。28. Since the enclosure 16 is made of copper or aluminum which has a corrosion resistant layer on the surface and has good thermal conductivity, it is cooled quickly when the surroundings are cooled, water vapor around the hydrogen sensor 13 is easily condensed, and a corrosion resistant layer is provided. As a result, it is possible to obtain an effect that it is resistant to corrosion such as rust due to dew condensation water.
【００８６】２９．検出素子１１と参照素子２６には、
それぞれ直列に固定抵抗２８が接続され、それらを並列
に接続することでブリッジ回路を構成し、このブリッジ
回路に定電圧を印加した時のブリッジ出力により、検出
素子１１と参照素子２６の水素を導入した際の抵抗値変
化の差を求める構成としたので、極めて簡単な回路で両
者の抵抗値差を得ることができるという効果が得られ
る。29. The detection element 11 and the reference element 26 include
Fixed resistors 28 are connected in series, respectively, and they are connected in parallel to form a bridge circuit. Hydrogen is introduced into the detection element 11 and the reference element 26 by the bridge output when a constant voltage is applied to the bridge circuit. Since the configuration is such that the difference in resistance value change at the time of performing is obtained, the effect that the resistance value difference between the two can be obtained with an extremely simple circuit is obtained.
【００８７】３０．参照素子２６の抵抗値から周囲温度
を求め、この周囲温度とブリッジ出力から、あらかじめ
記憶装置に記録された周囲温度毎のブリッジ出力と水素
濃度の相関表で換算して水素濃度を出力する構成とした
ので、周囲温度が変わっても正確に水素濃度を検出でき
るという効果が得られる。30. The ambient temperature is obtained from the resistance value of the reference element 26, and the hydrogen concentration is output by converting the ambient temperature and the bridge output into a correlation table of the hydrogen concentration and the bridge output recorded in advance in the storage device. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the effect that the hydrogen concentration can be accurately detected even if the ambient temperature changes.
【００８８】３１．自動車の本体１０１に乗車空間１０
２と水素タンク収納空間１０３と駆動手段収納空間１０
４をそれぞれ空間的に分離して設け、少なくともそれら
の１つの空間に水素センサ１１３を設けた構成としたの
で、どこから水素が漏洩したかを素早く検出することが
できるという効果が得られる。31. Riding space 10 on the body 101 of the automobile
2, hydrogen tank storage space 103 and drive means storage space 10
Since the four sensors are spatially separated from each other and the hydrogen sensor 113 is provided in at least one of these spaces, it is possible to quickly detect where hydrogen leaks.
【００８９】３２．乗車空間１０２の天井部分に水素セ
ンサ１１３を設けた構成としたので、漏洩した水素は天
井部分に向かうためここに水素センサ１１３を設けるこ
とで素早く検出することができるという効果が得られ
る。32. Since the hydrogen sensor 113 is provided on the ceiling portion of the boarding space 102, leaked hydrogen is directed to the ceiling portion. Therefore, by providing the hydrogen sensor 113 here, it is possible to quickly detect hydrogen.
【００９０】３３．水素タンク収納空間１０３に収納さ
れた水素タンクの上部に水素センサ１１３を設けた構成
としたので、漏洩水素は閉ざされた水素タンク収納空間
１０３の上部に溜まるため、ここに水素センサ１１３を
設けることで素早く検出することができるという効果が
得られる。33. Since the hydrogen sensor 113 is provided above the hydrogen tank accommodated in the hydrogen tank accommodation space 103, leak hydrogen is accumulated at the top of the closed hydrogen tank accommodation space 103. Therefore, the hydrogen sensor 113 should be provided here. The effect is that it can be detected quickly with.
【００９１】３４．駆動手段収納空間１０４に収納され
た駆動装置の上部に水素センサ１１３を設けた構成とし
たので、漏洩水素は駆動手段収納空間１０４の上部に向
かうため、ここに水素センサ１１３を設けることで素早
く検出することができるという効果が得られる。34. Since the hydrogen sensor 113 is provided above the driving device housed in the driving means housing space 104, leak hydrogen goes to the upper part of the driving means housing space 104. Therefore, by providing the hydrogen sensor 113 here, the hydrogen sensor 113 can be quickly detected. The effect of being able to do is obtained.
【００９２】３５．駆動装置がモーター１０９と燃料電
池１１０から構成され、モーター１０９と燃料電池１１
０を空間的に分離して搭載するとともに少なくともそれ
らの１つの空間に水素センサ１１３を設けた構成とした
ので、各空間の体積をさらに小さくすることができるた
め、素早く漏洩水素を検出することができるという効果
が得られる。35. The drive unit includes a motor 109 and a fuel cell 110, and the motor 109 and the fuel cell 11
Since 0 is spatially separated and mounted and the hydrogen sensor 113 is provided in at least one of these spaces, the volume of each space can be further reduced, and thus leaked hydrogen can be detected quickly. The effect of being able to be obtained is obtained.
【００９３】３６．乗車空間１０２、水素タンク収納空
間１０３および駆動手段収納空間１０４の少なくとも１
ヶ所に設けた水素センサ１１３の取付部分を空間の最も
上部になる位置とし、かつ水素センサ１１３に傾斜を有
する集ガス部１１４を設けた構成としたので、漏洩した
水素は集ガス部１１４を通って水素センサ１１３に導入
されるため、広範囲の水素をさらに素早く検出すること
ができるという効果が得られる。36. At least one of the passenger space 102, the hydrogen tank storage space 103, and the drive means storage space 104
Since the mounting portion of the hydrogen sensor 113 provided at each position is located at the uppermost position of the space and the gas collecting portion 114 having an inclination is provided in the hydrogen sensor 113, leaked hydrogen passes through the gas collecting portion 114. Since the hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen sensor 113, it is possible to detect hydrogen in a wide range more quickly.
【００９４】３７．水素センサ１１３への電源は、自動
車のキーをオフにしてから遅延してオフされる制御とし
たので、周囲温度が低い場合などに検出素子１１の測温
体１の周辺に水蒸気が存在しても、測温体１自体は発熱
し続けているので、その表面への結露を低減できるとい
う効果が得られる。37. The power supply to the hydrogen sensor 113 is controlled to be delayed and then turned off after the key of the automobile is turned off. Therefore, when the ambient temperature is low, water vapor exists around the temperature sensing element 1 of the detection element 11. However, since the temperature sensing element 1 itself continues to generate heat, the effect of reducing dew condensation on the surface thereof can be obtained.
【００９５】３８．水素センサ１１３の参照素子２６の
抵抗値が一定時間内に既定値以下の変化量になったとき
に水素センサ１１３への電源をオフにする制御とした。
これにより、参照素子２６の抵抗値変化率、すなわち、
周囲温度の変化率が既定値以下であれば、例えば真冬の
駐車場に自動車を止めた時に車室内が冷えて結露するよ
うな急激な温度変化がないことを確認してから水素セン
サ１１３の電源をオフにするので、測温体への結露を最
小限に低減できるという効果が得られる。38. When the resistance value of the reference element 26 of the hydrogen sensor 113 has changed below a predetermined value within a fixed time, the power supply to the hydrogen sensor 113 is turned off.
As a result, the resistance value change rate of the reference element 26, that is,
If the rate of change of the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a predetermined value, for example, when the vehicle is parked in a parking lot in the middle of winter, it is confirmed that there is no sudden temperature change such that the inside of the vehicle cools and dew condensation occurs. Since the switch is turned off, the effect that the dew condensation on the temperature sensing element can be reduced to the minimum is obtained.
【００９６】以上に説明した水素センサに、実際に水素
を含む空気を流した時の出力例を図１０に示す。FIG. 10 shows an output example when air containing hydrogen is actually supplied to the hydrogen sensor described above.
【００９７】図１０は本発明の実施の形態における水素
センサの出力特性図である。FIG. 10 is an output characteristic diagram of the hydrogen sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【００９８】測定は空気に水素をマスフローコントロー
ラにより０％、０．６％、１．１％、１．９％を混合し
たガスをこの順に水素センサに流し、さらに逆の順に薄
くして、測定を行った、各ガスは毎分５００ｃｃで５分
ずつ流した。測定温度は−４０℃、２７℃、１０１℃と
した。For the measurement, a gas in which 0%, 0.6%, 1.1%, and 1.9% of hydrogen was mixed with air by a mass flow controller was passed through a hydrogen sensor in this order, and thinned in the reverse order. Each gas was flowed at 500 cc per minute for 5 minutes. The measurement temperature was -40 ° C, 27 ° C, and 101 ° C.
【００９９】この時の結果を図１０に示す。なお、図の
横軸は時間（秒）、縦軸はブリッジ出力電圧をマイクロ
コンピュータで補正して得られた水素濃度（％）であ
る。図１０（ａ）に１０１℃での出力、図１０（ｂ）に
２７℃での出力、図１０（ｃ）に−４０℃での出力を示
す。The result at this time is shown in FIG. The horizontal axis of the figure is time (seconds), and the vertical axis is hydrogen concentration (%) obtained by correcting the bridge output voltage with a microcomputer. FIG. 10A shows the output at 101 ° C., FIG. 10B shows the output at 27 ° C., and FIG. 10C shows the output at −40 ° C.
【０１００】図１０より、水素濃度切替に応じて出力が
一対一に対応しており、さらに、温度が変わってもほぼ
同じ出力が得られることがわかった。また、全ての水素
濃度切替時に出力が安定するまでの時間は約５秒で、水
素が低濃度から高濃度になっても、逆に高濃度から低濃
度になっても関係なく応答性が優れることがわかった。From FIG. 10, it was found that the outputs have a one-to-one correspondence depending on the switching of the hydrogen concentration, and further, almost the same output can be obtained even if the temperature changes. In addition, it takes about 5 seconds for the output to stabilize when switching all hydrogen concentrations, and responsiveness is excellent regardless of whether the hydrogen concentration changes from low to high or vice versa. I understood it.
【０１０１】以上の構成、動作により、応答性が良好な
高精度水素センサが得られた。With the above configuration and operation, a highly accurate hydrogen sensor having good responsiveness was obtained.
【０１０２】[0102]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明はＢ定数が１０００
Ｋ以上３５００Ｋ以下の第１、第２のサーミスタと、こ
の第１のサーミスタを有孔ケースで内包した検出素子
と、前記第２のサーミスタを乾燥空気中で無孔ケース内
に封止した参照素子とを有し、前記検出素子と前記参照
素子に導入された水素による両者の抵抗値変化の差を電
気的に検出し、水素濃度に換算して出力するものである
ので、サーミスタ全体が発熱した状態で水素が到達する
と直接サーミスタが冷え、それに伴い抵抗値がすぐに変
化し、水素センサの応答性を速めることができる。As described above, the present invention has a B constant of 1000.
First and second thermistors of K or more and 3500K or less, a detection element including the first thermistor in a perforated case, and a reference element in which the second thermistor is sealed in a non-perforated case in dry air. Since the detection element and the reference element are to electrically detect the difference in resistance change between the two due to hydrogen introduced into the reference element, and to convert and output the hydrogen concentration, the entire thermistor is heated. When hydrogen arrives in this state, the thermistor directly cools, and the resistance value immediately changes accordingly, and the responsiveness of the hydrogen sensor can be accelerated.
【図１】本発明の水素センサの実施の形態の概略構造を
説明するための斜視図FIG. 1 is a perspective view for explaining a schematic structure of an embodiment of a hydrogen sensor of the present invention.
【図２】同センサの概略構造を説明するための断面図FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the schematic structure of the sensor.
【図３】同センサの測温体の構成部材を説明するための
概略斜視図FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view for explaining constituent members of a temperature measuring body of the sensor.
【図４】同センサのサーミスタへの端子取り付け方法を
説明するための概略斜視図FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view for explaining a method of attaching terminals to the thermistor of the sensor.
【図５】同センサのサーミスタの抵抗値調整方法を説明
するための概略斜視図FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view for explaining a method of adjusting the resistance value of the thermistor of the sensor.
【図６】同センサの測温体の組立完了後の形態を説明す
るための概略斜視図FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view for explaining a form after completion of assembly of the temperature sensing element of the sensor.
【図７】同センサの検出素子および参照素子の組立方法
を説明するための概略分解斜視図FIG. 7 is a schematic exploded perspective view for explaining a method of assembling the detection element and the reference element of the sensor.
【図８】同センサの検出素子および参照素子の回路基板
への取り付け方法を説明するための概略分解斜視図FIG. 8 is a schematic exploded perspective view for explaining a method of attaching the detection element and the reference element of the sensor to the circuit board.
【図９】本発明の実施の形態における水素センサを用い
た自動車の概略構造を示す断面図FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a schematic structure of an automobile using a hydrogen sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図１０】（ａ）〜（ｃ）はそれぞれ本発明の実施の形
態における水素センサの出力特性図10A to 10C are output characteristic diagrams of the hydrogen sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
１ 測温体 ２ 端子 ３ 耐水性層 ４ たわみ部 ５ ピン ５ａ 平坦部 ６ 台座 ７ ガラスハーメチックシール ８ 接着剤 ９ 断熱材 ９ａ 気泡 １０ａ，１０ｂ ケース １１ 検出素子 １２ 孔 １３ カバー １４ 回路基板 １５ フィルター １６ 囲体 １７ 回路基板固定ネジ １８ 外箱 １９ 外箱用フタ ２０ 水素センサ固定ネジ ２１ コネクタ ２２ サーミスタ ２３ 電極 ２４ 半田 ２５ レーザー光 ２６ 参照素子 ２７ 固定穴 ２８ 固定抵抗 ２９ 直流電源 ３０ 電圧計 ３１ マイクロコンピュータ ３２ 出力端子 １０１ 本体 １０２ 乗車空間 １０３ 水素タンク収納空間 １０４ 駆動手段収納空間 １０５ 床下空間 １０６ タンク １０７ 外側タンク １０８ 内側タンク １０９ モーター １１０ 燃料電池 １１１ タイヤ １１２ ハンドル １１３ 水素センサ １１４ 集ガス部 １１５ 天井傾斜部 １１６ 床下空間傾斜部 1 temperature measuring element 2 terminals 3 Water resistant layer 4 Deflection part 5 pin 5a flat part 6 pedestals 7 glass hermetic seal 8 adhesive 9 thermal insulation 9a bubbles 10a, 10b case 11 Detection element 12 holes 13 cover 14 circuit board 15 filters 16 enclosure 17 Circuit board fixing screw 18 outer box 19 Lid for outer box 20 Hydrogen sensor fixing screw 21 connector 22 Thermistor 23 electrodes 24 Solder 25 laser light 26 Reference element 27 fixing holes 28 Fixed resistance 29 DC power supply 30 voltmeter 31 Microcomputer 32 output terminals 101 main body 102 boarding space 103 Hydrogen tank storage space 104 Drive means storage space 105 underfloor space 106 tank 107 outer tank 108 inner tank 109 motor 110 fuel cell 111 tires 112 handle 113 Hydrogen sensor 114 Gas collection section 115 Ceiling slope 116 Underfloor space slope
フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｈ０１Ｍ 8/04 Ｈ０１Ｍ 8/04 Ｚ // Ｈ０１Ｍ 8/00 8/00 Ｚ Ｆターム(参考） 2G060 AA01 AB03 AE11 AE19 AF02 AF07 AG06 AG11 BA05 BB05 BB09 BB13 HB06 HC03 HC07 HC09 HC13 HE01 KA01 5H027 AA02 DD00 KK31 KK51 5H115 PA08 PC06 PG04 PI18 PI29 PU01 QN03 TI10 TR19 TU20 TW10 UI32 UI34 UI35 Front page continuation (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification code FI theme code (reference) H01M 8/04 H01M 8/04 Z // H01M 8/00 8/00 ZF term (reference) 2G060 AA01 AB03 AE11 AE19 AF02 AF07 AG06 AG11 BA05 BB05 BB09 BB13 HB06 HC03 HC07 HC09 HC13 HE01 KA01 5H027 AA02 DD00 KK31 KK51 5H115 PA08 PC06 PG04 PI18 PI29 PU01 QN03 TI10 TR19 TU20 TW10 UI32 UI34 UI35
Claims (39)
の第１、第２のサーミスタと、この第１のサーミスタを
有孔ケースで内包した検出素子と、前記第２のサーミス
タを乾燥空気中で無孔ケース内に封止した参照素子とを
有し、前記検出素子と前記参照素子に導入された水素に
よる両者の抵抗値変化の差を電気的に検出し、水素濃度
に換算して出力する水素センサ。1. A first and a second thermistor having a B constant of 1000 K or more and 3500 K or less, a detection element including the first thermistor in a perforated case, and the second thermistor in dry air without a hole. A hydrogen sensor which has a reference element sealed in a case, electrically detects a difference in resistance value change between the detection element and the hydrogen introduced into the reference element, and outputs the converted hydrogen concentration. .
バナジウムの複合酸化物からなる請求項１に記載の水素
センサ。2. The thermistor is manganese, cobalt, copper,
The hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, comprising a vanadium complex oxide.
ーミスタの両面に電極を設け、これら電極に固定された
第１、第２の端子を有し前記第１、第２の端子が略一直
線上に配された請求項１または２に記載の水素センサ。3. The thermistor is plate-shaped, and electrodes are provided on both surfaces of the plate-shaped thermistor, and the first and second terminals fixed to these electrodes have the first and second terminals substantially. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen sensors are arranged in a straight line.
融点を有する導電性接合材で固定した請求項３に記載の
水素センサ。4. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 3, wherein the terminal and the electrode are fixed by a conductive bonding material having a melting point equal to or higher than a thermistor heat generation temperature.
載の水素センサ。5. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 4, wherein the conductive bonding material is solder.
せて固定した請求項５に記載の水素センサ。6. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 5, wherein the terminals and the electrodes are fixed by melting ball-shaped solder.
項４に記載の水素センサ。7. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 4, wherein the conductive binder is a metal paste.
ストからなる請求項３に記載の水素センサ。8. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 3, wherein the electrode is made of an alloy paste of silver, palladium and platinum.
設けられた請求項３に記載の水素センサ。9. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 3, wherein a resistance value adjusting pattern is provided on a part of the electrode.
ト−鉄合金、または、ニッケルメッキ付き４２％ニッケ
ル−鉄合金からなる請求項３に記載の水素センサ。10. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 3, wherein the terminal is made of 29% nickel, 17% cobalt-iron alloy, or 42% nickel-iron alloy with nickel plating.
ト−鉄合金、または、ニッケルメッキ付き４２％ニッケ
ル−鉄合金のいずれか一方と、オーステナイト系ステン
レス鋼を付き合わせ溶接して形成し、前記２９％ニッケ
ル、１７％コバルト−鉄合金、または、ニッケルメッキ
付き４２％ニッケル−鉄合金のいずれか一方と電極が接
続固定された請求項３に記載の水素センサ。11. The terminal is formed by butt-welding one of 29% nickel, 17% cobalt-iron alloy, or 42% nickel-iron alloy with nickel plating, and austenitic stainless steel. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 3, wherein the electrode is connected and fixed to either one of% nickel, 17% cobalt-iron alloy, or 42% nickel-iron alloy with nickel plating.
３に記載の水素センサ。12. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 3, wherein a flexure is provided in a part of the terminal.
水性層を形成した請求項１から１２のいずれか１つに記
載の水素センサ。13. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein a water resistant layer is formed on the surface of the thermistor to which the terminal is fixed.
求項１３に記載の水素センサ。14. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 13, wherein the water resistant layer is made of a fluororesin.
求項１３に記載の水素センサ。15. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 13, wherein the water resistant layer is made of low melting point glass.
外の空間に断熱材を配した請求項１から１５のいずれか
１つに記載の水素センサ。16. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulating material is arranged in a space other than the thermistor and the terminal inside the case.
なる請求項１６に記載の水素センサ。17. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 16, wherein the heat insulating material is made of heat resistant insulating plastic.
請求項１６に記載の水素センサ。18. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 16, wherein the heat insulating material is made of insulating ceramics.
６から１８のいずれか１つに記載の水素センサ。19. The heat insulating material has air bubbles inside.
The hydrogen sensor according to any one of 6 to 18.
１９のいずれか１つに記載の水素センサ。20. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 16, wherein the heat insulating material is white.
ミスタとは対向しない位置に配した請求項１から２０の
いずれか１つに記載の水素センサ。21. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein the hole provided in the case of the detection element is arranged at a position not facing the thermistor.
た請求項１から２１のいずれか１つに記載の水素セン
サ。22. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein a cover is provided in the hole of the case of the detection element.
カバーと同一のカバーを配した請求項２２に記載の水素
センサ。23. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 22, wherein the case of the reference element is provided with the same cover as the cover provided on the detection element.
有する請求項１から２３のいずれか１つに記載の水素セ
ンサ。24. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein at least an inner surface of the case has a metallic luster.
電気的かつ機械的に固定する回路基板の間に隙間を設け
た請求項１から２４のいずれか１つに記載の水素セン
サ。25. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein a gap is provided between the detection element and the reference element and a circuit board for electrically and mechanically fixing them.
うに通気性を有するフィルターを設けた請求項１から２
５のいずれか１つに記載の水素センサ。26. A filter having air permeability is provided so as to include the detection element and the reference element.
5. The hydrogen sensor according to any one of 5.
２６に記載の水素センサ。27. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 26, wherein the filter is made of sintered metal.
導性のよい囲体を設けた請求項２６または２７に記載の
水素センサ。28. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 26, wherein an outer wall of the filter having a hole having a good thermal conductivity is provided.
はアルミニウムからなる請求項２８に記載の水素セン
サ。29. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 28, wherein the enclosure is made of copper or aluminum whose surface is provided with a corrosion resistant layer.
列に固定抵抗が接続され前記検出素子と前記固定抵抗、
前記参照素子と前記抵抗とでブリッジ回路を構成し、前
記ブリッジ回路に定電圧を印加した時のブリッジ出力に
より、前記検出素子と前記参照素子の水素を導入した際
の抵抗値変化の差を求める請求項１に記載の水素セン
サ。30. A fixed resistor is connected in series to each of the detection element and the reference element, and the detection element and the fixed resistance are connected to each other.
A bridge circuit is formed by the reference element and the resistor, and a difference in resistance change when hydrogen is introduced between the detection element and the reference element is obtained by a bridge output when a constant voltage is applied to the bridge circuit. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 1.
め、この周囲温度とブリッジ出力から、あらかじめ記憶
装置に記録された周囲温度毎のブリッジ出力と水素濃度
の相関表で換算して水素濃度を出力する請求項３０に記
載の水素センサ。31. The ambient temperature is obtained from the resistance value of the reference element, and the hydrogen concentration is converted from the ambient temperature and the bridge output by a correlation table of the bridge output and the hydrogen concentration recorded in advance in a storage device for each ambient temperature to determine the hydrogen concentration. The hydrogen sensor according to claim 30, which outputs.
納空間と駆動装置収納空間をそれぞれ空間的に分離して
設け、少なくともそれらの１つの空間に請求項１から３
１の少なくとも１つに記載の水素センサを設けた自動
車。32. The vehicle body is provided with a passenger space, a hydrogen tank storage space and a drive device storage space which are spatially separated from each other, and at least one of these spaces is provided.
An automobile provided with the hydrogen sensor according to at least one of 1.
１の少なくとも１つに記載の水素センサを設けた請求項
３２に記載の自動車。33. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, at a ceiling portion of a passenger space.
33. The automobile according to claim 32, wherein the hydrogen sensor according to claim 1 is provided.
タンクの上部に請求項１から３１の少なくとも１つに記
載の水素センサを設けた請求項３２または３３に記載の
自動車。34. The automobile according to claim 32 or 33, wherein the hydrogen sensor according to at least one of claims 1 to 31 is provided on an upper portion of a hydrogen tank housed in a hydrogen tank housing space.
置の上部に請求項１から３１の少なくとも１つに記載の
水素センサを設けた請求項３２から３４のいずれか１つ
に記載の自動車。35. The automobile according to claim 32, wherein the hydrogen sensor according to at least one of claims 1 to 31 is provided on an upper portion of the drive device housed in the drive device housing space.
成され、前記モーターと前記燃料電池を空間的に分離し
て搭載するとともに、少なくともそれらの１つの空間に
請求項１から３１の少なくとも１つに記載の水素センサ
を設けた請求項３５に記載の自動車。36. The driving device comprises a motor and a fuel cell, the motor and the fuel cell are spatially separated and mounted, and at least one of the spaces is provided with at least one of claims 1 to 31. The automobile according to claim 35, which is provided with the hydrogen sensor according to claim 35.
駆動装置収納空間の少なくとも１ヶ所に設けた水素セン
サの取付部分を前記空間の最も上部になる位置としかつ
水素センサに傾斜を有する集ガス部を設けた請求項３２
から３６のいずれか１つに記載の自動車。37. A gas collecting portion having a mounting portion for a hydrogen sensor provided in at least one of the passenger space, the hydrogen tank storage space and the drive device storage space at the uppermost position of the space and having an inclination in the hydrogen sensor. Claim 32 provided
The vehicle according to any one of items 1 to 36.
をオフにしてから遅延してオフされる請求項３２から３
７のいずれか１つに記載の自動車。38. The power supply to the hydrogen sensor is delayed off after the key of the vehicle is turned off.
The automobile according to any one of 7.
時間内に既定値以下の変化量になったときに水素センサ
への電源をオフにする請求項３２から３７のいずれか１
つに記載の自動車。39. The power source to the hydrogen sensor is turned off when the resistance value of the reference element of the hydrogen sensor becomes less than a predetermined value within a fixed time.
Car described in one.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001330447A JP2003130834A (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2001-10-29 | Hydrogen sensor, and automobile using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001330447A JP2003130834A (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2001-10-29 | Hydrogen sensor, and automobile using the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003130834A true JP2003130834A (en) | 2003-05-08 |
Family
ID=19146167
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001330447A Pending JP2003130834A (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2001-10-29 | Hydrogen sensor, and automobile using the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2003130834A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005091322A (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-04-07 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Gas sensor |
| JP2005124357A (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2005-05-12 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Vehicle with fuel cell system mounted thereto |
| JP2005124358A (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2005-05-12 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Hydrogen leakage detecting device for vehicle with fuel cell system mounted thereto |
| JP2006337150A (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-14 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Combustible gas sensor |
| US7158895B2 (en) | 2004-02-12 | 2007-01-02 | Denso Corporation | Device for detecting hydrogen concentration and method of detecting hydrogen concentration |
| JP2008107105A (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-05-08 | Yazaki Corp | Gas sensor |
| JP2011030636A (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-17 | Toshiba Corp | Vacuum cleaner |
| JP2018004593A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-11 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Hydrogen concentration measurement device |
-
2001
- 2001-10-29 JP JP2001330447A patent/JP2003130834A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005091322A (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-04-07 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Gas sensor |
| JP2005124357A (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2005-05-12 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Vehicle with fuel cell system mounted thereto |
| JP2005124358A (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2005-05-12 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Hydrogen leakage detecting device for vehicle with fuel cell system mounted thereto |
| US7158895B2 (en) | 2004-02-12 | 2007-01-02 | Denso Corporation | Device for detecting hydrogen concentration and method of detecting hydrogen concentration |
| JP2006337150A (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-14 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Combustible gas sensor |
| JP2008107105A (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-05-08 | Yazaki Corp | Gas sensor |
| JP2011030636A (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-17 | Toshiba Corp | Vacuum cleaner |
| JP2018004593A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-11 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Hydrogen concentration measurement device |
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