JP2003055951A - Improving method and improving device for soft ground - Google Patents
Improving method and improving device for soft groundInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003055951A JP2003055951A JP2001380507A JP2001380507A JP2003055951A JP 2003055951 A JP2003055951 A JP 2003055951A JP 2001380507 A JP2001380507 A JP 2001380507A JP 2001380507 A JP2001380507 A JP 2001380507A JP 2003055951 A JP2003055951 A JP 2003055951A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- drainage
- improved
- water
- drainage tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、例えば湖沼周囲の
埋立造成区域などの軟弱地盤に多量に含まれる水を排出
することで、軟弱地盤を硬質地盤へと改良する軟弱地盤
の改良工法及び改良装置に関する。詳細には真空圧の伝
播経路とは独立した排出経路で改良地盤からの間隙水を
排出することで、改良地盤内の真空圧を改良地盤内の隅
々まで伝達させて、より効率よく地盤を改良することが
できる軟弱地盤の改良工法及び改良装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and method for improving soft ground to improve the soft ground to hard ground by discharging a large amount of water contained in the soft ground such as a landfill area around a lake. Regarding the device. Specifically, by discharging pore water from the improved ground through a discharge path that is independent of the vacuum pressure propagation path, the vacuum pressure in the improved ground is transmitted to every corner of the improved ground, and the ground is more efficiently The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for improving soft ground that can be improved.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、軟弱地盤の改良装置としては、改
良地盤中に所定の間隔をおいて設置した鉛直ト゛レーン材
を通じて改良地盤中に真空圧を負荷することで、前記改
良地盤中に改良地盤周辺部と隔離された減圧領域を造り
出すようにしたものがある。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an improvement device for soft ground, a vacuum pressure is applied to the improved ground through a vertical drain material installed at a predetermined interval in the improved ground to improve the improved ground in the improved ground. There is one that creates a decompression area that is isolated from the surrounding area.
【０００３】図８に示す改良装置は、改良地盤Ａ中に所
定の間隔をおいて設置した鉛直ト゛レーン材１と、この各
鉛直ト゛レーン材１上端部に接触するように配置した水平
ト゛レーン材２と、この水平ト゛レーン材２に接続した集水
管３と、改良地盤Ａ上面を前記鉛直ト゛レーン材１、水平
ト゛レーン材２及び集水管３とともに被覆する気密シート
６と、前記集水管３に真空タンク４を介して接続する真
空ポンプ５とを有するものである。The improved apparatus shown in FIG. 8 includes vertical drain members 1 installed in the improved ground A at a predetermined interval, and horizontal drain members 2 arranged so as to contact the upper end portions of the vertical drain members 1. A water collecting pipe 3 connected to the horizontal drain material 2, an airtight sheet 6 for covering the upper surface of the improved ground A together with the vertical drain material 1, the horizontal drain material 2 and the water collecting pipe 3, and a vacuum tank 4 for the water collecting pipe 3. It has a vacuum pump 5 connected through.
【０００４】図８に示す装置を用いた改良工法は以下の
とおりである。すなわち、真空ポンプ５を稼働させ、こ
の真空ポンプ５からの真空圧で真空タンク４内が所定の
減圧度に達すると、減圧逆止弁（図示しない）が開き、
これに接続する集水管３が減圧される。次いで、この集
水管３に接続する水平ト゛レーン材２に真空圧が伝播し水
平ト゛レーン材２が減圧される。さらにこの水平ト゛レーン
材２に上端部が接続する鉛直ト゛レーン材１に真空圧が伝
播し、鉛直ト゛レーン材１内を所定の減圧度（０．４気圧
以下）とする。The improved construction method using the apparatus shown in FIG. 8 is as follows. That is, when the vacuum pump 5 is operated and the vacuum tank 4 reaches a predetermined degree of pressure reduction by the vacuum pressure from the vacuum pump 5, a pressure reducing check valve (not shown) opens,
The water collecting pipe 3 connected to this is decompressed. Then, the vacuum pressure is propagated to the horizontal drain material 2 connected to the water collecting pipe 3 to reduce the pressure of the horizontal drain material 2. Further, the vacuum pressure is propagated to the vertical drain material 1 whose upper end is connected to the horizontal drain material 2 so that the inside of the vertical drain material 1 has a predetermined degree of reduced pressure (0.4 atmospheric pressure or less).
【０００５】さらに鉛直ト゛レーン材１内の真空圧は、鉛
直ト゛レーン材１周囲の地盤Ａへと伝播し、鉛直ト゛レーン
材１を中心にその周囲の地盤を減圧状態の領域（以下減
圧領域という）とする。Further, the vacuum pressure in the vertical drain material 1 is propagated to the ground A around the vertical drain material 1, and the ground around the vertical drain material 1 has a decompressed region (hereinafter referred to as a decompressed region). To do.
【０００６】真空圧は、減圧領域となった鉛直ト゛レーン
材１周りの地盤から、さらに外側周りの地盤へと伝播し
てゆき、この結果、鉛直ト゛レーン材１へと向かう地盤加
圧（水圧、土圧）が発生する。[0006] The vacuum pressure propagates from the ground around the vertical drain material 1 in the decompressed area to the ground around the outside, and as a result, the ground pressure (water pressure, soil pressure) toward the vertical drain material 1 is propagated. Pressure) is generated.
【０００７】この地盤加圧に従って、鉛直ト゛レーン材１
周囲の地盤に含まれる間隙水は鉛直ト゛レーン材１に向か
って吸い出され、鉛直ト゛レーン材１、水平ト゛レーン材２
及び集水管３を排水経路として排水され、これに伴って
鉛直ト゛レーン材１周囲の地盤のさらに外側周りの地盤も
減圧領域となる。According to this ground pressure, the vertical drain material 1
Pore water contained in the surrounding ground is sucked toward the vertical drain material 1, and the vertical drain material 1 and the horizontal drain material 2
The water is also drained through the water collection pipe 3 as a drainage path, and the ground further outside the ground around the vertical drain material 1 also becomes a decompression region.
【０００８】こうして、鉛直ト゛レーン材１を中心にして
その周囲の地盤に減圧領域が広がり、やがて改良地盤Ａ
全域が減圧領域となり、同時に鉛直ト゛レーン材１を中心
にして圧密、強度増加が進行し、改良地盤Ａ全域の圧
密、強度増加が行われることになる。In this way, the decompression area spreads to the ground around the vertical drain material 1 and eventually the improved ground A
The entire area becomes a decompressed area, and at the same time, the consolidation and the strength increase centering on the vertical drain material 1, and the consolidation and the strength of the entire improved ground A are performed.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、上記改良装
置にあっては、真空ポンプ５からの真空圧の伝播経路で
ある、真空ポンプ５、真空タンク４、集水管３、水平ト゛
レーン材２及び鉛直ト゛レーン材１が、そのまま改良地盤
から吸い出された間隙水の排水経路となっている。However, in the above-mentioned improved device, the vacuum pump 5, the vacuum tank 4, the water collecting pipe 3, the horizontal drain member 2, and the vertical drain, which are the propagation paths of the vacuum pressure from the vacuum pump 5, are provided. The drain material 1 directly serves as a drainage path for pore water sucked from the improved ground.
【００１０】このため、この改良装置によれば、真空圧
を負荷した当初、集水管２内には、鉛直ト゛レーン材１及
び水平ト゛レーン材２を通じて改良地盤Ａからの間隙水が
一気に大量に流れ込んで該集水管３内を満たし、真空ポ
ンプ４からの真空圧が鉛直ト゛レーン材１へ伝わらない
か、あるいは伝わりにくくなってしまい、改良効率を著
しく阻害していた。Therefore, according to this improved apparatus, a large amount of pore water from the improved ground A flows into the water collection pipe 2 at once through the vertical drain material 1 and the horizontal drain material 2 when the vacuum pressure is applied. The inside of the water collection pipe 3 was filled, and the vacuum pressure from the vacuum pump 4 was not transmitted to the vertical drain material 1 or became difficult to be transmitted, and the improvement efficiency was significantly impaired.
【００１１】本発明は、このような事情に鑑みなされた
ものであり、真空圧の伝播経路とは独立した排水経路で
改良地盤からの間隙水を排水することで、改良地盤内の
真空圧を改良地盤内の隅々まで伝達させて、より効率よ
く地盤を改良することができる軟弱地盤の改良工法及び
改良装置を提供することを目的とするものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and drains pore water from the improved ground through a drainage path independent of the vacuum pressure propagation path to reduce the vacuum pressure in the improved ground. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved construction method and an improved device for soft ground that can be transmitted to every corner of the improved ground to improve the ground more efficiently.
【００１２】[0012]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、請求項１〜５記載の発明は、改良地盤上面を気密シ
ートで被覆して前記改良地盤中に真空圧を負荷すること
で、前記改良地盤中に改良地盤周辺部と隔離された減圧
領域を造り出す軟弱地盤の改良工法において、前記真空
圧の負荷に伴って改良地盤内から吸い出された間隙水を
前記真空圧の伝播経路とは別の排水経路を通じて排出す
ることを特徴とする軟弱地盤の改良工法をその要旨と
し、請求項６〜１４記載の発明は、改良地盤上面を気密
シートで被覆して前記改良地盤中に真空圧を負荷するこ
とで、前記改良地盤中に改良地盤周辺部と隔離された減
圧領域を造り出す軟弱地盤の改良装置において、前記真
空圧を前記改良地盤に伝播する真空圧の伝播経路とは別
の排水経路を有することを特徴とする軟弱地盤の改良装
置をその要旨とした。In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claims 1 to 5 is characterized in that the upper surface of the improved ground is covered with an airtight sheet and a vacuum pressure is applied to the improved ground. In the improved method of soft ground to create a decompressed area isolated from the improved ground peripheral portion in the improved ground, the pore water sucked from the inside of the improved ground with the load of the vacuum pressure and the propagation path of the vacuum pressure The gist is an improved construction method for soft ground, which is characterized in that it is discharged through another drainage path, and the invention according to claims 6 to 14 covers the upper surface of the improved ground with an airtight sheet to apply a vacuum pressure to the improved ground. By loading, in a device for improving soft ground that creates a decompression region isolated from the improved ground peripheral portion in the improved ground, a drainage path different from the vacuum pressure propagation path for propagating the vacuum pressure to the improved ground. Having An improved apparatus for soft ground characterized by the its gist.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の軟弱地盤の改良工
法及び改良装置を図面に示した一形態に従って詳細に説
明する。図１に示す改良装置は、改良地盤Ａ中に真空圧
を負荷することで、前記改良地盤Ａ中に改良地盤周辺部
Ｂと隔離された減圧領域を造り出すものであり、真空圧
発生手段からの真空圧が改良地盤Ａに伝播していく真空
圧の伝播経路と、これとは独立した間隙水の排水経路と
を有することを特徴とするものである。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The method and apparatus for improving soft ground according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. The improvement device shown in FIG. 1 creates a decompression region isolated from the improved ground peripheral portion B in the improved ground A by applying a vacuum pressure to the improved ground A. It is characterized by having a vacuum pressure propagation path through which the vacuum pressure propagates to the improved ground A, and a pore water drainage path independent of this.
【００１４】図１に示す改良装置における真空圧の伝播
経路は、改良地盤Ａ中に所定の間隔をおいて設置した鉛
直ト゛レーン材１１と、この各鉛直ト゛レーン材１１に接続
した水平ト゛レーン材１２と、水平ト゛レーン材１２に接続
した集水管１３と、この集水管１３に真空タンク１４を
介して接続する真空ポンプ１５とからなる。The propagation path of the vacuum pressure in the improved apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is a vertical drain material 11 installed at a predetermined interval in the improved ground A, and a horizontal drain material 12 connected to each vertical drain material 11. A water collecting pipe 13 connected to the horizontal drain member 12 and a vacuum pump 15 connected to the water collecting pipe 13 via a vacuum tank 14.
【００１５】鉛直ト゛レーン材１１は、地盤加圧の環境で
も真空圧（減圧）の伝播、排水経路としての機能を確保
でき、目詰まりせず、沈下による圧縮や減圧で潰れるこ
とがないものであれば、その構造、素材、大きさなどは
任意である。図１に示す鉛直ト゛レーン材１１は、長手方
向に一定間隔に立てて並べた長尺な平板状の合成樹脂線
材に同じく長尺な平板状の合成樹脂線材を直交方向に所
定間隔に立てて並べて、これらの合成樹脂線材を交点で
接合した合成樹脂ネットと、これを内包する不織布とか
らなるものを用いた。この鉛直ト゛レーン材１１にあって
は、折れたり曲がったりしても、合成樹脂ネットと不織
布とによって形成されている通水経路が確保されてお
り、しかも合成樹脂ネット全体が不織布で覆われてい
て、目詰まりを生じ難いというメリットがある。この鉛
直ドレーン材１１を上端部を残して所定間隔に打設する
ことで、改良地盤Ａ中に鉛直排水壁が造成されるように
なっている。The vertical drain material 11 is capable of ensuring the function of a vacuum pressure (decompression) propagation and drainage path even in a ground pressurization environment, does not become clogged, and is not crushed by compression or decompression due to subsidence. However, its structure, material, size, etc. are arbitrary. The vertical drain member 11 shown in FIG. 1 is made by arranging a long flat plate-shaped synthetic resin wire rod at a predetermined interval in the orthogonal direction on a long flat plate-shaped synthetic resin wire rod arranged at a constant interval in the longitudinal direction. A synthetic resin net formed by joining these synthetic resin wire rods at intersections and a non-woven fabric containing the same was used. In the vertical drain material 11, even if the vertical drain material 11 is bent or bent, the water passage formed by the synthetic resin net and the non-woven fabric is secured, and the entire synthetic resin net is covered with the non-woven fabric. The advantage is that clogging is less likely to occur. A vertical drainage wall is constructed in the improved ground A by driving the vertical drain material 11 at predetermined intervals while leaving the upper end portion thereof.
【００１６】この鉛直ト゛レーン材１１の改良地盤Ａ上面
に残る上端部に水平ト゛レーン材１２が接触するように配
置されている。水平ト゛レーン材１２としては、水及び空
気が当該水平ト゛レーン材１２の長手方向（水平方向）へ
と移動できる通路としての機能を持つものならば、線状
や帯状、面状のものなど何でもよいが、前記鉛直ト゛レー
ン材１１を介して改良地盤Ａ側から吸い上げられた水及
び空気が当該水平ト゛レーン材１２内部へ侵入する口、例
えば孔、スリットなどが、地盤中の砂や土砂などによっ
て閉塞してしまい、水及び空気の水平ト゛レーン材１２内
部への侵入が困難となったり、同じく改良地盤Ａ中の砂
や土砂などによって通路が閉塞して水及び空気が移動で
きなかったりすることが少ない構造のものが好ましい。
図１に示す形態では、前記鉛直ト゛レーン材１１と同じ構
造（合成樹脂ネットとその表面を覆う不織布とからなる
もの）を持つものを用いた。この場合、水及び空気は、
合成樹脂ネットを覆う不織布側から侵入し、合成樹脂ネ
ットと不織布との隙間、及び不織布の構成繊維相互間を
通して移動するようになる。The horizontal drain member 12 is arranged so as to contact the upper end portion of the vertical drain member 11 remaining on the upper surface of the improved ground A. The horizontal drain member 12 may be linear, belt-shaped, or planar as long as it has a function as a passage through which water and air can move in the longitudinal direction (horizontal direction) of the horizontal drain member 12. The ports, such as holes and slits, through which water and air sucked from the side of the improved ground A through the vertical drain material 11 enter the horizontal drain material 12 are blocked by sand or earth in the ground. Therefore, it is difficult for water and air to enter the inside of the horizontal drain material 12, and similarly, the passage is blocked by the sand or earth and sand in the improved ground A so that the water and air cannot move. Those are preferable.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a material having the same structure as the vertical drain material 11 (made of a synthetic resin net and a nonwoven fabric covering the surface thereof) is used. In this case, water and air are
It enters from the side of the non-woven fabric covering the synthetic resin net, and moves through the gap between the synthetic resin net and the non-woven fabric and between the constituent fibers of the non-woven fabric.
【００１７】この水平ト゛レーン材１２の所要箇所に集水
管１３が接続されている。集水管１３は、管周面に多数
の孔を設けた有孔管（図示の例では塩ビ管）であり、こ
の集水管１３の一端側に真空タンク１４を介して真空ポ
ンプ１５が接続されている。A water collecting pipe 13 is connected to a required portion of the horizontal drain member 12. The water collecting pipe 13 is a perforated pipe (a polyvinyl chloride pipe in the illustrated example) having a large number of holes on the circumferential surface of the pipe, and a vacuum pump 15 is connected to one end of the water collecting pipe 13 via a vacuum tank 14. There is.
【００１８】真空圧を発生させる真空圧発生手段たる真
空ポンプ１５としては、特に限定されず、改良地盤の規
模や要求される真空圧の大きさを考慮して適宜決定すれ
ばよい。図１に示す真空ポンプ１５では水密式真空ポン
プを用いた。The vacuum pump 15 as a vacuum pressure generating means for generating a vacuum pressure is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined in consideration of the scale of the improved ground and the required vacuum pressure. As the vacuum pump 15 shown in FIG. 1, a watertight vacuum pump was used.
【００１９】改良地盤Ａ上面は、上記鉛直ト゛レーン材１
１上端部、水平ト゛レーン材１２、並びに集水管１３とと
もに気密シート１０で被覆されており、これにより真空
ポンプ１５からの真空圧が、真空タンク１４、集水管１
３、水平ドレーン材１２及び鉛直ドレーン材１１を介し
て、確実に改良地盤Ａ上面、並びに改良地盤Ａ内部に伝
播するようになっている。尚、図１に示す気密シート１
０には、不織布や織物などの繊維基材に合成樹脂フィル
ムをラミネートしてピンホールの発生を防止したものを
用いた。The upper surface of the improved ground A is the above-mentioned vertical drain material 1
1 is covered with the airtight sheet 10 together with the upper end portion, the horizontal drain member 12, and the water collecting pipe 13, whereby the vacuum pressure from the vacuum pump 15 is reduced to the vacuum tank 14 and the water collecting pipe 1.
3, through the horizontal drain material 12 and the vertical drain material 11, it surely propagates to the upper surface of the improved ground A and to the inside of the improved ground A. The airtight sheet 1 shown in FIG.
For No. 0, a synthetic resin film was laminated on a fiber base material such as a non-woven fabric or a woven fabric to prevent the generation of pinholes.
【００２０】一方、図１に示す改良装置における排水経
路は、集水管１３下側の改良地盤Ａ内に配置した改良地
盤Ａ外へと通じる排水タンク１６からなる。この排水タ
ンク１６は集水管１３下側の改良地盤Ａ内にセパレータ
１７を介して接続されている。そして集水管１３に集水
された改良地盤Ａから吸い出された間隙水は、セパレー
タ１７により空気と分離されて、集水管１２下側の排水
タンク１６に重力に従って流れ込み、ここに貯留される
ようになっている。On the other hand, the drainage path in the improvement device shown in FIG. 1 is composed of a drainage tank 16 arranged in the improvement ground A below the water collection pipe 13 and communicating with the outside of the improvement ground A. The drainage tank 16 is connected to the inside of the improved ground A below the water collection pipe 13 via a separator 17. Then, the pore water sucked from the improved ground A collected in the water collecting pipe 13 is separated from the air by the separator 17, flows into the drainage tank 16 below the water collecting pipe 12 according to gravity, and is stored there. It has become.
【００２１】図１に示すように、排水タンク１６には内
部に排水ポンプ１８が内蔵されていて、排水タンク１６
内に貯留された水が該排水タンク１６に連結された連結
パイプ１９を介して接続された排水管２０を通じて改良
地盤Ａ外へ強制的に排出されるようになっている。As shown in FIG. 1, the drainage tank 16 has a drainage pump 18 incorporated therein.
The water stored therein is forcibly discharged to the outside of the improved ground A through a drain pipe 20 connected via a connecting pipe 19 connected to the drain tank 16.
【００２２】尚、排水タンク１６の形状や大きさはまっ
たく任意であり、改良地盤の規模や地盤の種類などを考
慮して適宜決定すればよい。また排水タンク１６に内蔵
されている排水ポンプ１８の種類も任意であり、改良地
盤の規模や地盤の種類、価格などを考慮して適宜決定す
ればよい。The shape and size of the drainage tank 16 are completely arbitrary and may be appropriately determined in consideration of the scale of the improved ground and the type of ground. Further, the type of the drainage pump 18 incorporated in the drainage tank 16 is also arbitrary, and may be appropriately determined in consideration of the scale of the improved ground, the type of ground, the price, and the like.
【００２３】また、連結パイプ１９及び排水管２０は、
改良地盤Ａから吸い出された間隙水を改良地盤Ａ外へと
導く管であり、その設置位置は何処でも良いが、前記集
水管１３よりも下側であることが好ましい。また連結パ
イプ１９及び排水管２０の径も太ければそれだけ排水効
率は高くなる一方、設置作業が困難となるので、改良地
盤の規模や地盤の種類などを考慮して適宜決定するとよ
い。The connecting pipe 19 and the drain pipe 20 are
It is a pipe that guides the pore water sucked out from the improved ground A to the outside of the improved ground A, and the installation position thereof may be anywhere, but it is preferably below the water collection pipe 13. Further, if the diameters of the connecting pipe 19 and the drainage pipe 20 are large, the drainage efficiency becomes higher, but the installation work becomes difficult. Therefore, it may be appropriately determined in consideration of the scale of the improved ground and the type of ground.
【００２４】尚、図１に示す形態では、地盤Ａから排水
された間隙水の逆流を防止するため、連結パイプ１９及
び排水管２０には逆止弁２１が取り付けられている。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a check valve 21 is attached to the connecting pipe 19 and the drain pipe 20 in order to prevent the backflow of the pore water drained from the ground A.
【００２５】このように構成された図１の改良装置によ
れば、真空圧の負荷に伴って改良地盤Ａ内から吸い出さ
れた空気及び間隙水の大部分は前記真空圧の伝播経路と
は独立した排水経路、すなわち集水管１３下側の改良地
盤Ａ内に配置した排水タンク１６、連結パイプ１９、及
び排水管２０を通じて改良地盤Ａ外へ排出されるように
なっている。According to the improved apparatus of FIG. 1 constructed as described above, most of the air and pore water sucked out from the improved ground A due to the load of the vacuum pressure is not the propagation path of the vacuum pressure. The water is discharged to the outside of the improved ground A through an independent drainage path, that is, the drainage tank 16 arranged in the improved ground A below the water collection pipe 13, the connecting pipe 19, and the drainage pipe 20.
【００２６】一方、改良地盤Ａからの空気及び間隙水の
一部は、真空圧の伝播経路である鉛直ト゛レーン材１１、
水平ト゛レーン材１２及びこれに繋がる集水管１３を介し
て真空タンク１４内に排水され、この間隙水は同真空タ
ンク１４内に配置した排水ポンプ（図示しない）によっ
て改良地盤Ａ（装置）外へ排水され、空気は真空ポンプ
１５によって改良地盤Ａ（装置）外へ排気されるように
なっている。On the other hand, part of the air and pore water from the improved ground A is the vertical drain material 11, which is the propagation path of the vacuum pressure.
It is drained into the vacuum tank 14 through the horizontal drain member 12 and the water collection pipe 13 connected to this, and this pore water is drained to the outside of the improved ground A (apparatus) by a drainage pump (not shown) arranged in the vacuum tank 14. The air is exhausted to the outside of the improved ground A (apparatus) by the vacuum pump 15.
【００２７】尚、真空圧発生手段たる真空ポンプ１４と
して水密式真空ポンプを用いる場合、図２に示すような
水封用循環冷却水タンク３０を備えたものが望ましい。
水密式真空ポンプを用いる場合、同ポンプには水封用冷
却水を供給しなければならない。 ところが前述の如
く、本発明の改良装置によれば、真空圧の負荷に伴って
改良地盤Ａ内から吸い出された空気及び間隙水の大部分
は前記真空圧の伝播経路とは別の経路、すなわち集水管
１２下側の排水タンク１６、連結パイプ１９、及び排水
管２０を通じて改良地盤Ａ（装置）外へ排出されるの
で、真空圧の伝播経路を通じて真空タンク１４内へ排出
される空気及び間隙水はほんの一部に過ぎない。When a water-tight vacuum pump is used as the vacuum pump 14 as the vacuum pressure generating means, it is desirable to have a water cooling circulating cooling water tank 30 as shown in FIG.
If a watertight vacuum pump is used, it must be supplied with water seal cooling water. However, as described above, according to the improved apparatus of the present invention, most of the air and pore water sucked from the improved ground A due to the load of the vacuum pressure are different from the vacuum pressure propagation path, That is, since it is discharged to the outside of the improved ground A (apparatus) through the drainage tank 16, the connection pipe 19 and the drainage pipe 20 below the water collection pipe 12, the air and the gap discharged into the vacuum tank 14 through the vacuum pressure propagation path. Water is only a small part.
【００２８】このため、地盤改良が進んで間隙水量が減
少すると、当然に真空タンク１４内に排出される間隙水
量も減り、真空ポンプ１５へは水封用の間隙水が供給さ
れなくなるので、十分な水密性が確保できなくなり、真
空ポンプ１５の効率が次第に低下してしまうという不具
合が生じる恐れがある。For this reason, when the ground improvement progresses and the amount of pore water decreases, naturally the amount of pore water discharged into the vacuum tank 14 also decreases, and the pore water for water sealing is no longer supplied to the vacuum pump 15. However, there is a possibility that the watertightness cannot be secured and the efficiency of the vacuum pump 15 is gradually reduced.
【００２９】図２に示す真空ポンプ１５によれば、水封
用循環冷却水タンク３０を備えていて、真空ポンプ１５
へは冷却水循環用パイプ３２を通じて水封用循環冷却水
が供給されるようになっているので、真空ポンプ１５は
常に十分な水密性が確保され、真空ポンプ１５の効率が
次第に低下してしまうこともない。According to the vacuum pump 15 shown in FIG. 2, the circulating cooling water tank 30 for water sealing is provided, and the vacuum pump 15
Since the circulating cooling water for water sealing is supplied through the cooling water circulating pipe 32, the vacuum pump 15 always has sufficient watertightness, and the efficiency of the vacuum pump 15 gradually decreases. Nor.
【００３０】また本発明の改良装置には、改良地盤Ａ及
びまたは改良地盤周辺部Ｂ中に大気または圧縮空気を送
り込む通気経路を設けることもできる。Further, the improved apparatus of the present invention may be provided with a ventilation path for sending the atmosphere or compressed air into the improved ground A and / or the improved ground peripheral portion B.
【００３１】図３に示す改良装置の場合、改良地盤Ａ
（表層部分や地盤内部）の複数箇所にドレーンパイプ４
０を配置している。ドレーンパイプ４０の一端は地上の
集水パイプ４３、ブロア４１、空気量の制御手段４２を
介して外気と繋がっていて、このドレーンパイプ４０、
集水パイプ４３、ブロア４１、制御手段４２を介して改
良地盤Ａに負荷された真空圧（例えば０．４気圧以下）
が維持される範囲に制御された圧縮空気が改良地盤Ａ中
に送り込まれるようになっている。In the case of the improvement device shown in FIG. 3, the improved ground A
Drain pipes 4 at multiple points (on the surface and inside the ground)
0 is set. One end of the drain pipe 40 is connected to the outside air via a water collecting pipe 43 on the ground, a blower 41, and an air amount control means 42.
Vacuum pressure (for example, 0.4 atm or less) applied to the improved ground A through the water collection pipe 43, the blower 41, and the control means 42.
The controlled compressed air is fed into the improved ground A so that
【００３２】これにより、ドレーンパイプ４０を配置し
た改良地盤Ａ（表層部分や地盤内部）における間隙水分
が、送り込まれた空気と置換されて真空蒸発し、改良地
盤Ａの塑性化、不飽和化が促進されることになる。ま
た、空気の導入により、沈下変形の少なくなった改良地
盤Ａ中の真空領域での圧力のバランスが崩れて、強制排
水も促進されるので、地盤改良効果もより効果的に進む
ことになる。As a result, the interstitial water in the improved ground A (surface layer portion or the inside of the ground) where the drain pipe 40 is arranged is replaced with the sent air and vacuum-evaporated, so that the improved ground A is plasticized and unsaturated. Will be promoted. In addition, the introduction of air disrupts the balance of pressure in the vacuum region in the improved ground A in which the subsidence deformation is reduced, and forced drainage is also promoted, so that the ground improvement effect is more effectively promoted.
【００３３】尚、図３に示す改良装置の場合、改良地盤
Ａ中に送り込む圧縮空気は連続的に送り込んでも間欠的
に送り込んでもよい。In the case of the improvement device shown in FIG. 3, the compressed air sent into the improved ground A may be sent continuously or intermittently.
【００３４】尚、図３に示す例では、ブロア４１を具え
たドレーンパイプ４０を用いて、改良地盤Ａ中に圧縮空
気を強制的に送り込んだが、これに限らず単に改良地盤
Ａ中にドレーンパイプ４０のみを配置してエアーをリー
クさせるだけでもよい。In the example shown in FIG. 3, the compressed air is forcibly sent into the improved ground A by using the drain pipe 40 equipped with the blower 41. Only 40 may be arranged and air may be leaked.
【００３５】図４に示す改良装置は、改良地盤周辺部Ｂ
中に複数箇所にドレーンパイプ４０を配置（好ましくは
改良地盤Ａから数ｍ以内の箇所に０．３〜１ｍ間隔で１
列以上）する。また各ドレーンパイプ４０を端部にバル
ブ（図示しない）を具えた集水パイプ４３に接続し、こ
のバルブ（図示しない）を開閉操作することで、改良地
盤周辺部Ｂ内部と外気とが繋がるようになっている。
尚、ドレーンパイプ４０上端及び集水パイプ４３は粘土
で埋め戻されていて、気密性が確保されている。The improvement device shown in FIG.
Drain pipes 40 are arranged in a plurality of places inside (preferably 1 at intervals of 0.3 to 1 m at a place within several meters from the improved ground A).
More than a line). Further, by connecting each drain pipe 40 to a water collecting pipe 43 having a valve (not shown) at the end and opening / closing this valve (not shown), the inside of the improved ground peripheral portion B is connected to the outside air. It has become.
The upper end of the drain pipe 40 and the water collection pipe 43 are backfilled with clay to ensure airtightness.
【００３６】このため、ドレーンパイプ４０を配置した
改良地盤周辺部Ｂにおける間隙水分が、バルブ（図示し
ない）の開閉により各ドレーンパイプ４０及び集水パイ
プ４３を介してリークした空気と置換されて蒸発し、改
良地盤周辺部Ｂの地下水が低下して、改良地盤周辺部
Ｂ、特には表層部の塑性化、不飽和化が促進され硬化が
高まるようになる。この結果、改良地盤Ａと改良地盤周
辺部Ｂとの間で縁切り効果が生じ、地盤改良による改良
地盤周辺部Ｂへの影響が緩和され、改良地盤Ａのみが沈
下するようになる。Therefore, the interstitial water in the improved ground peripheral portion B in which the drain pipe 40 is arranged is replaced with the air leaked through the drain pipes 40 and the water collecting pipes 43 by opening and closing the valve (not shown) and evaporated. However, the groundwater in the improved ground peripheral portion B is reduced, and plasticization and desaturation of the improved ground peripheral portion B, particularly, the surface layer portion are promoted, and hardening is increased. As a result, an edge cutting effect is produced between the improved ground A and the improved ground peripheral portion B, the influence of the ground improvement on the improved ground peripheral portion B is mitigated, and only the improved ground A sinks.
【００３７】図５に示す改良装置は、改良地盤Ａ中に所
定の間隔をおいて設置した各鉛直ト゛レーン材５１に水平
ドレーン材５２を介して繋がる集水管５３の集水経路の
所要位置に接続された複数の第１排水タンク５４を有し
ている。集水管５３は、第１排水タンク５４の上部位置
に接続されていて、前記集水管５３に集水された間隙水
が前記各第１排水タンク５４へと排水されるようになっ
ている。The improvement device shown in FIG. 5 is connected to a required position of a water collection path of a water collection pipe 53 which is connected to each vertical drain material 51 installed at a predetermined interval in the improved ground A through a horizontal drain material 52. The plurality of first drainage tanks 54 are provided. The water collection pipe 53 is connected to an upper position of the first drainage tank 54, and the pore water collected in the water collection pipe 53 is drained to each of the first drainage tanks 54.
【００３８】尚、図５に示す改良装置について、図１に
示す装置と同じく、改良地盤上面は、鉛直ト゛レーン材５
１上端部、水平ト゛レーン材５２、並びに集水管５３とと
もに気密シート５０で被覆されていて、真空ポンプ（図
示しない）からの真空圧が、真空タンク（図示しな
い）、集水管５３、水平ドレーン材５２及び鉛直ドレー
ン材５１を介して、確実に改良地盤Ａ上面、並びに改良
地盤Ａ内部に伝播するようになっている。Regarding the improved apparatus shown in FIG. 5, the upper surface of the improved ground is the same as the apparatus shown in FIG.
1. The upper end portion, the horizontal drain member 52, and the water collecting pipe 53 are covered with the airtight sheet 50, and the vacuum pressure from the vacuum pump (not shown) is applied to the vacuum tank (not shown), the water collecting pipe 53, and the horizontal drain member 52. And, via the vertical drain material 51, it surely propagates to the upper surface of the improved ground A and to the inside of the improved ground A.
【００３９】またこの装置は、集水管５３の集水経路の
所要位置に接続された改良地盤Ａ外へと通じる第２排水
タンク５５を有しており、この第２排水タンク５５と前
記第１排水タンク５４との間、並びに前記第１排水タン
ク５４間は、第１排水タンク５４及び第２排水タンク５
５の下部に接続された連通管５６によって連通状態に設
けられている。Further, this apparatus has a second drainage tank 55 connected to a required position of the water collection path of the water collection pipe 53 and communicating with the outside of the improved ground A. The second drainage tank 55 and the first drainage tank 55 The first drain tank 54 and the second drain tank 5 are provided between the drain tank 54 and the first drain tank 54.
It is provided in a communicating state by a communicating pipe 56 connected to the lower part of 5.
【００４０】各第１排水タンク５４へと排水された間隙
水は、前記連通管５６を介して第２排水タンク５５へと
排水される。第２排水タンク５５内の間隙水は、第２排
水タンク５５内部に内蔵した排水ポンプ５７によって排
水管５８を通じて強制的に排出されるようになってい
る。尚、排水管５８には間隙水の逆流を防止するための
逆止弁５９が取り付けられている。The interstitial water drained to each first drainage tank 54 is drained to the second drainage tank 55 via the communication pipe 56. The pore water in the second drainage tank 55 is forcibly discharged through the drainage pipe 58 by the drainage pump 57 built in the second drainage tank 55. A check valve 59 for preventing backflow of pore water is attached to the drain pipe 58.
【００４１】一方、集水管１３によって間隙水と共に第
２排水タンク５５内に運ばれた空気は、真空タンク（図
示しない）に繋がる排気管６０を通じて排気されるよう
になっている。On the other hand, the air carried by the water collecting pipe 13 into the second drainage tank 55 together with the pore water is exhausted through the exhaust pipe 60 connected to the vacuum tank (not shown).
【００４２】次に、本発明の軟弱地盤の改良工法（以
下、改良工法という）について説明する。図１に示す装
置を用いた改良工法は以下のとおりである。まず、鉛直
ドレーン材１１を改良地盤Ａ中に所定間隔に打設する。
鉛直ドレーン材１１を打設する間隔は、負荷された真空
圧による真空圧伝播の可能な範囲が望ましく、具体的に
は１ｍ程度である。この鉛直ト゛レーン材１１をマンドレ
ル（図示しない）に内挿した状態で地盤Ａ中に貫入し、
鉛直ドレーン材１１を改良地盤Ａ内に残したままマンド
レル（図示しない）を引き上げることで打設することが
できる。Next, the improved method of soft ground according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the improved method) will be described. The improved construction method using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is as follows. First, the vertical drain material 11 is placed in the improved ground A at predetermined intervals.
The interval for driving the vertical drain material 11 is preferably within a range in which vacuum pressure can be propagated by the applied vacuum pressure, and specifically, it is about 1 m. The vertical drain material 11 is inserted into a mandrel (not shown) and penetrates into the ground A,
It can be placed by pulling up a mandrel (not shown) while leaving the vertical drain material 11 in the improved ground A.
【００４３】こうして鉛直ドレーン材１１を改良地盤Ａ
中に所定の間隔をおいて打設することで、改良地盤Ａ中
には所定の間隔をおいて鉛直状の排水柱が造成されるこ
とになり、各排水柱間の改良地盤Ａ中に含まれる水及び
空気がこの鉛直ドレーン材１１を排水経路として吸い上
げられるようになっている。In this way, the vertical drain material 11 is replaced with the improved ground A.
By placing at a predetermined interval inside, vertical drain columns will be created in the improved ground A at a predetermined interval, and included in the improved ground A between each drain column. The water and air to be sucked up are sucked up by using the vertical drain material 11 as a drainage path.
【００４４】この鉛直ト゛レーン材１１には水平ト゛レーン
材１２が接続されている。鉛直ドレーン材１１は、その
上端部分が改良地盤Ａの上面に突出するように打ち込ま
れており、この突出部分１１ａに水平ト゛レーン材１２を
接触するように平行状に配置する。A horizontal drain member 12 is connected to the vertical drain member 11. The vertical drain material 11 is driven so that the upper end portion thereof projects onto the upper surface of the improved ground A, and the horizontal drain material 12 is arranged in parallel so as to contact the projecting portion 11a.
【００４５】この水平ト゛レーン材１２の所要箇所に集水
管１３を接続する。集水管１３は、管周面に多数の孔を
設けた有孔管であり、この集水管１３の一端側には真空
タンク１４を介して真空ポンプ１５が接続されている。
そして、真空ポンプ１５からの真空圧が真空タンク１４
を介して集水管１３へと伝達され、さらにはこの集水管
１３に繋がる水平ト゛レーン材１２及び鉛直ト゛レーン材１
１を介して改良地盤Ａへの真空圧が伝播するようになっ
ている。A water collecting pipe 13 is connected to a required portion of the horizontal drain member 12. The water collecting pipe 13 is a perforated pipe having a large number of holes on the circumferential surface of the pipe, and a vacuum pump 15 is connected to one end of the water collecting pipe 13 via a vacuum tank 14.
The vacuum pressure from the vacuum pump 15 is applied to the vacuum tank 14.
The horizontal drain material 12 and the vertical drain material 1 that are transmitted to the water collection pipe 13 via the
The vacuum pressure is propagated to the improved ground A via 1.
【００４６】尚、本発明の改良工法にあっては、鉛直ト゛
レーン材１１の打設、水平ト゛レーン材１２の配置、集水
管１３の接続の後、改良地盤Ａ上面を鉛直ト゛レーン材１
１上端部、水平ト゛レーン材１２及び集水管１３とともに
気密シート１０で被覆して、真空ポンプ１５からの真空
圧が確実に改良地盤Ａ上面及び改良地盤内部に伝播する
ようにした。In the improved construction method of the present invention, after the vertical drain material 11 has been cast, the horizontal drain material 12 has been arranged, and the water collection pipe 13 has been connected, the upper surface of the improved ground A is placed on the vertical drain material 1.
(1) The upper end portion, the horizontal drain member 12 and the water collecting pipe 13 are covered with the airtight sheet 10 so that the vacuum pressure from the vacuum pump 15 is surely propagated to the upper surface of the improved ground A and the inside of the improved ground.
【００４７】このように、図１に示す改良装置を用いた
改良工法にあっては、真空ポンプ１５からの真空圧が、
真空タンク１４、集水管１３、水平ト゛レーン材１２、及
び鉛直ト゛レーン材１１へと伝播し、鉛直ト゛レーン材１１
内を所定の減圧度（０．４気圧以下）とするようになっ
ている。As described above, in the improved construction method using the improved apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the vacuum pressure from the vacuum pump 15 is
The vertical drain material 11 propagates to the vacuum tank 14, the water collection pipe 13, the horizontal drain material 12, and the vertical drain material 11.
The inside is set to a predetermined degree of pressure reduction (0.4 atmospheric pressure or less).
【００４８】さらに鉛直ト゛レーン材１１内の真空圧は、
鉛直ト゛レーン材１１周囲の地盤Ａへと伝播し、鉛直ト゛レ
ーン材１１を中心にその周囲の地盤Ａを減圧状態の領域
（以下減圧領域という）とする。Further, the vacuum pressure in the vertical drain material 11 is
The ground A around the vertical drain material 11 is propagated, and the ground A around the vertical drain material 11 is defined as a decompressed region (hereinafter referred to as a decompressed region).
【００４９】真空圧は、減圧領域となった鉛直ト゛レーン
材１１周りの地盤Ａから、さらにその周囲の地盤Ａへと
伝播してゆき、鉛直ト゛レーン材１１周りの地盤Ａへと向
かう地盤加圧（水圧、土圧）が発生する。The vacuum pressure propagates from the ground A around the vertical drain material 11 in the depressurized region to the ground A around the vertical drain material 11, and the ground pressure toward the ground A around the vertical drain material 11 ( Water pressure and earth pressure are generated.
【００５０】この地盤加圧に従って、鉛直ト゛レーン材１
１周囲の地盤Ａに含まれる間隙水が鉛直ト゛レーン材１１
に向かって吸い出され、鉛直ト゛レーン材１１、水平ト゛レ
ーン材１２及び集水管１３を通って排水され、これに伴
って鉛直ト゛レーン材１１周囲の地盤Ａの外側も減圧領域
となる。According to this ground pressure, the vertical drain material 1
1. Pore water contained in the surrounding ground A is the vertical drain material 11
Is sucked toward and drained through the vertical drain material 11, the horizontal drain material 12 and the water collecting pipe 13, and accordingly, the outside of the ground A around the vertical drain material 11 also becomes a decompression area.
【００５１】こうして、鉛直ト゛レーン材１１を中心にし
てその周囲の地盤Ａに減圧領域が広がり、やがて改良地
盤Ａ全域が減圧領域となり、同時に鉛直ト゛レーン材１１
を中心にして圧密、強度増加が進行し、改良地盤Ａ全域
の圧密、強度増加が行われることになる。Thus, the decompression area spreads to the ground A around the vertical drain material 11, and the entire improved ground A eventually becomes the decompression area. At the same time, the vertical drain material 11
Consolidation and increase in strength proceed around the center, and consolidation and strength in the entire area of the improved ground A are increased.
【００５２】一方、改良地盤Ａから吸い出された間隙水
は、以下の排水経路を通って排水されるようになってい
る。すなわち、鉛直ト゛レーン材１１及び水平ト゛レーン材
１２を通じて吸い出された改良地盤Ａからの間隙水は、
一旦集水管１３内に入り込む。On the other hand, the pore water sucked from the improved ground A is drained through the following drainage paths. That is, the pore water from the improved ground A sucked through the vertical drain material 11 and the horizontal drain material 12 is
Once inside the water collection pipe 13.
【００５３】図１に示すように、集水管１３下側の改良
地盤Ａ内にはセパレータ１７を介して排水タンク１６が
接続されている。集水管１３に集水された間隙水は、セ
パレータ１７により空気と分離されて、集水管１３下側
の排水タンク１６に重力に従って流れ込み、ここに貯留
される。As shown in FIG. 1, a drainage tank 16 is connected via a separator 17 in the improved ground A below the water collection pipe 13. The pore water collected in the water collecting pipe 13 is separated from the air by the separator 17, flows into the drainage tank 16 below the water collecting pipe 13 according to gravity, and is stored there.
【００５４】この排水タンク１６内には排水ポンプ１８
が内蔵されており、排水タンク１６内に貯留された水を
該排水タンク１６に連結パイプ１９を介して接続された
排水管２０を通じて改良地盤Ａ（装置）外へ強制的に排
出するようになっている。尚、排水タンク１６の設置位
置は、集水管１３内の水が重力に従って流れ込むように
集水管１３の下側であれば何処でもよい。A drainage pump 18 is provided in the drainage tank 16.
Is built in, and the water stored in the drainage tank 16 is forcibly discharged to the outside of the improved ground A (apparatus) through the drainage pipe 20 connected to the drainage tank 16 via the connecting pipe 19. ing. The drainage tank 16 may be installed at any position below the water collecting pipe 13 so that the water in the water collecting pipe 13 flows in according to gravity.
【００５５】改良地盤Ａ中の間隙水の排水に伴い、地盤
Ａは圧密沈下を生じる。地盤Ａが沈下すると、地表に設
置している真空タンク１４と地盤Ａ中に設置している排
水タンク１６との間には高低差が生じる。この高低差が
１０ｍを越えると、前述の真空圧を利用した排水方法で
は地盤Ａ中の間隙水を排水できなくなる。というのは１
気圧の下での真空揚水力は１０ｍが限界であるからであ
る。このため、地盤Ａの沈下が進めば進むほど、真空揚
水力は低くなり、排水効率は低下することになる。With the drainage of pore water in the improved ground A, the ground A undergoes consolidation settlement. When the ground A sinks, a height difference occurs between the vacuum tank 14 installed on the ground surface and the drainage tank 16 installed in the ground A. If the height difference exceeds 10 m, the pore water in the ground A cannot be drained by the drainage method utilizing the vacuum pressure described above. Because 1
This is because the vacuum pumping power under atmospheric pressure is limited to 10 m. Therefore, as the subsidence of the ground A progresses, the vacuum pumping power becomes lower and the drainage efficiency becomes lower.
【００５６】図１に示す排水タンク１６の場合、排水ポ
ンプ１８が内蔵されていて、排水タンク１６内に貯留さ
れた水が強制的に排出されるようになっているため、地
盤Ａの沈下の進度に関係なく排水が可能であり、地盤深
部の改良も効率的、かつ確実に行うことができる。In the case of the drainage tank 16 shown in FIG. 1, the drainage pump 18 is built in so that the water stored in the drainage tank 16 is forcibly discharged. Drainage is possible regardless of the progress, and the deep ground can be improved efficiently and reliably.
【００５７】また、排水ポンプ１８内蔵の排水タンク１
６を用いた場合、地盤Ａの沈下の進度に関係なく排水が
可能であることから、真空圧により地盤Ａ中に減圧領域
を造り出した後も、真空圧の負荷を継続したならば、改
良地盤、特には地盤表層部（地表から１〜２ｍ）に含ま
れる水分が蒸発し、地盤は不飽和な土となる。尚、不飽
和な土とは、盛土などの上載荷重による過剰間隙水圧の
発生がなく、飽和な土よりも強い材質をいう。このた
め、減圧領域の造出後も真空圧の負荷を継続することに
よる地盤、特には地盤表層部の不飽和化は、地盤改良
中、あるいは地盤改良後に盛土する場合、盛土崩壊の危
険を大幅に少なくするといった効果をもたらす。Further, the drainage tank 1 with the built-in drainage pump 18
When 6 is used, drainage is possible irrespective of the rate of subsidence of the ground A. Therefore, if the vacuum pressure load is continued even after the decompression area is created in the ground A by the vacuum pressure, the improved ground Especially, the water contained in the surface layer of the ground (1 to 2 m from the ground) evaporates, and the ground becomes unsaturated soil. The unsaturated soil refers to a material which is free from excessive pore water pressure due to the top load such as embankment and which is stronger than the saturated soil. Therefore, the desaturation of the ground, especially the surface layer of the ground, by continuing to apply the vacuum pressure even after the decompression area has been created greatly increases the risk of embankment collapse during or after embankment. It has the effect of reducing the amount.
【００５８】排水ポンプ１８内蔵の排水タンク１６を用
いた場合、地盤の改良度合いに無関係に真空圧の負荷が
できるので、地盤の不飽和化の後も、真空圧の負荷を継
続したならば、地盤中の水分はさらに取り除かれて、地
盤は不飽和な状態からきわめて堅く、そして安定な塑性
化された状態となる。When the drainage tank 16 with the built-in drainage pump 18 is used, the vacuum pressure can be applied regardless of the degree of improvement of the ground. Therefore, if the vacuum pressure is continued even after the ground is unsaturated, The water in the ground is further removed, and the ground changes from an unsaturated state to a very hard and stable plasticized state.
【００５９】尚、図面に示す形態では、排水タンク１６
内には排水ポンプ１８を内蔵させて、排水タンク１６内
に貯留された水を強制的に装置外へ排出されるようにし
たが、改良地盤の規模や地盤の種類によっては、排水ポ
ンプ１８を内蔵していない排水タンク１６を用いること
もできる。In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the drainage tank 16
Although the drainage pump 18 is built in the inside so that the water stored in the drainage tank 16 is forcibly discharged to the outside of the device, depending on the scale of the improved ground and the type of ground, the drainage pump 18 may be used. It is also possible to use the drainage tank 16 which is not built in.
【００６０】尚、図面に示す形態では、真空ポンプ１５
からの真空圧を鉛直ト゛レーン材１１内部が０．４気圧以
下となるように負荷するようにしたが、これに限らず、
改良地盤の軟弱の程度、例えば地盤の含水率などを考慮
して適宜決定すればよい。In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the vacuum pump 15
The vacuum pressure from is applied so that the inside of the vertical drain member 11 becomes 0.4 atm or less, but not limited to this,
It may be appropriately determined in consideration of the softness of the improved ground, for example, the water content of the ground.
【００６１】また、図５〜図７に示す改良装置の場合、
改良地盤Ａ中に所定の間隔をおいて設置した各鉛直ト゛レ
ーン材５１に水平ドレーン材５２を介して繋がる集水管
５３の集水経路で複数の第１排水タンク５４と前記改良
地盤Ａ外へと通じる第２排水タンク５５とを接続すると
共に、前記第１排水タンク５４間と第２排水タンク５５
とを連通管５６によって連通させて、前記集水管１３に
集水された間隙水を前記各第１排水タンク５４へと排水
し、さらに前記第１排水タンク５４内の間隙水を第２排
水タンク５５へと排水し、この後、前記第２排水タンク
５５内部に内蔵した排水ポンプ５７によって前記第２排
水タンク５７内の間隙水を強制的に排出するようになっ
ている。In the case of the improved device shown in FIGS. 5 to 7,
A plurality of first drainage tanks 54 and the outside of the improved ground A are collected by a water collecting path of a water collecting pipe 53 connected to each vertical drain material 51 installed at a predetermined interval in the improved ground A through a horizontal drain material 52. A second drainage tank 55 is connected to the first drainage tank 54 and the second drainage tank 55.
Through a communication pipe 56 to drain the pore water collected in the water collection pipe 13 to each of the first drainage tanks 54, and further to drain the pore water in the first drainage tank 54 into a second drainage tank. The water is drained to 55, and then the pore water in the second drain tank 57 is forcibly discharged by the drain pump 57 built in the second drain tank 55.
【００６２】尚、上記実施の形態に示した例は、単なる
説明例に過ぎず、例えば地盤中に負荷する真空圧を、改
良当初は高くし、その後は低い状態に維持したり、高い
状態と低い状態とを交互に繰り返したりするなど、特許
請求の範囲の欄に記載された範囲内で自由に変更するこ
とができる。The example shown in the above embodiment is merely an explanatory example. For example, the vacuum pressure applied to the ground is set to be high at the beginning of the improvement and then kept low or high. It can be freely changed within the range described in the section of the claims, such as alternately repeating the low state.
【００６３】[0063]
【発明の効果】本発明の本工法にあっては、改良地盤中
に所定の間隔をおいて設置した各鉛直ト゛レーン材と水平
ドレーン材を介して繋がる集水管下側の改良地盤内に排
水タンクを配置して、前記集水管に集水された間隙水を
排水タンクへと排水し、次いでこの排水タンク内の間隙
水を前記排水タンクに接続された排水管を通じて排出す
るなど、真空圧を伝播する伝播経路とは別経路で地盤中
の間隙水を排水するようにしたので、より効率よく地盤
を改良することができる。According to the method of the present invention, a drainage tank is provided in the improved ground below the water collecting pipes which are connected to each other through the vertical drain material and the horizontal drain material, which are installed at a predetermined interval in the improved ground. Is arranged to drain the pore water collected in the water collection pipe to a drainage tank, and then discharge the pore water in the drainage tank through a drainage pipe connected to the drainage tank. Since the pore water in the ground is drained through a route different from the propagation route, the ground can be improved more efficiently.
【００６４】特に、排水タンク内に排水ポンプを内蔵さ
せて、前記排水タンク内の間隙水を改良地盤外へ強制的
に排出するようにした場合には、地盤の沈下の進度に関
係なく排水が可能となるので、真空圧により地盤中に減
圧領域を造り出した後も、真空圧の負荷を継続したなら
ば、改良地盤、特には地盤表層部（地表から１〜２ｍ）
に含まれる水分が蒸発し、地盤は不飽和な土となる。In particular, when the drainage pump is built in the drainage tank so that the pore water in the drainage tank is forcibly discharged to the outside of the improved ground, the drainage is irrelevant regardless of the rate of subsidence of the ground. Since it becomes possible, if the vacuum pressure is continued even after the decompression area is created in the ground by the vacuum pressure, the improved ground, especially the ground surface layer part (1 to 2 m from the ground surface)
Moisture contained in is evaporated and the ground becomes unsaturated soil.
【００６５】またさらに真空圧の負荷を継続したなら
ば、地盤中の水分はさらに取り除かれて、不飽和な状態
からきわめて堅く、そして安定な塑性化された地盤へと
改良することができる。If the vacuum pressure is further continued, the water in the ground can be further removed, and the unsaturated state can be improved to a very hard and stable plasticized ground.
【００６６】また本発明の本装置にあっては、改良地盤
中に所定の間隔をおいて設置した鉛直ト゛レーン材と、前
記各鉛直ト゛レーン材と水平ドレーン材を介して繋がる集
水管と、前記集水管下側の改良地盤内に配置した改良地
盤外へと通じる排水タンクとを有するなど、改良地盤へ
真空圧を伝播する伝播経路とは別に改良地盤からの間隙
水を排水する排水経路を有するので、より効率よく地盤
を改良することができる。Further, in the present apparatus of the present invention, the vertical drain material installed at a predetermined interval in the improved ground, the water collecting pipe connected to each vertical drain material through the horizontal drain material, and the water collecting material. Since it has a drainage tank that is located inside the improved ground below the water pipe and leads to the outside of the improved ground, it has a drainage path that drains pore water from the improved ground in addition to a propagation path that propagates vacuum pressure to the improved ground. , The ground can be improved more efficiently.
【００６７】特に排水タンクが排水ポンプを内蔵する場
合には、前記排水タンク内の間隙水を排水管を通じて強
制的に排出でき、地盤の沈下の進度に関係なく排水が可
能となるので、真空圧により地盤中に減圧領域を造り出
した後も、真空圧の負荷を継続したならば、改良地盤、
特には地盤表層部（地表から１〜２ｍ）に含まれる水分
が蒸発し、地盤は不飽和な土となる。Especially when the drainage tank has a drainage pump built-in, the pore water in the drainage tank can be forcibly discharged through the drainage pipe, and the drainage can be performed regardless of the progress of the subsidence of the ground. If a vacuum pressure load is continued even after creating a decompression area in the ground by
In particular, the water contained in the ground surface layer (1 to 2 m from the ground surface) evaporates, and the ground becomes unsaturated soil.
【００６８】またさらに真空圧の負荷を継続したなら
ば、地盤中の水分はさらに取り除かれて、不飽和な状態
からきわめて堅く、そして安定な塑性化された地盤へと
改良することができる。If the vacuum pressure is further continued, the water in the ground can be further removed, and the unsaturated state can be improved to a very hard and stable plasticized ground.
【図１】 本発明の改良装置を示した模式図。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an improved device of the present invention.
【図２】 本発明の改良装置における水封用循環冷却水
タンクを示した拡大模式図。FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view showing a circulating cooling water tank for water sealing in the improved device of the present invention.
【図３】 本発明の改良装置の別の形態を示した模式
図。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another form of the improved device of the present invention.
【図４】 本発明の改良装置のさらに別の形態を示した
模式図。FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing still another mode of the improved device of the present invention.
【図５】 本発明の改良装置の別の形態を示した模式
図。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing another form of the improved device of the present invention.
【図６】 図５に示す形態における第１排水タンクを示
した拡大斜視図。6 is an enlarged perspective view showing a first drainage tank in the form shown in FIG.
【図７】 図５に示す形態における第２排水タンクを示
した拡大斜視図。7 is an enlarged perspective view showing a second drainage tank in the form shown in FIG.
【図８】 従来の改良装置を示した模式図。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional improved device.
１０、５０・・・気密シート １１、５１・・・鉛直ト゛レーン材 １２、５２・・・水平ドレーン材 １３、５３・・・集水管 １４・・・真空タンク １５・・・真空ポンプ １６・・・排水タンク １７・・・セパレータ １８・・・排水ポンプ ２０・・・排水管 ２１・・・逆止弁 ４０・・・ドレーンパイプ ４１・・・ブロア ４３・・・集水パイプ ５４・・・第１排水タンク ５５・・・第２排水タンク ５６・・・連通管 ５７・・・排水ポンプ Ａ・・・改良地盤 10, 50 ... Airtight sheet 11, 51 ... Vertical drain material 12, 52 ... Horizontal drain material 13, 53 ... Water collection pipe 14 ... Vacuum tank 15 ... Vacuum pump 16 ... Drainage tank 17 ... Separator 18 ... Drainage pump 20 ... Drainage pipe 21 ... Check valve 40 ... Drain pipe 41 ... Blower 43 ... Water collection pipe 54 ... First drain tank 55 ... Second drainage tank 56 ... Communication pipe 57 ... Drainage pump A: Improved ground
Claims (14)
上面を気密シートで被覆して前記改良地盤中に真空圧を
負荷することで、前記改良地盤中に改良地盤周辺部と隔
離された減圧領域を造り出す軟弱地盤の改良工法におい
て、前記真空圧の負荷に伴って改良地盤内から吸い出さ
れた間隙水を前記真空圧の伝播経路とは別の排水経路を
通じて排出することを特徴とする軟弱地盤の改良工法。1. Soft ground to be improved (hereinafter referred to as improved ground)
By applying a vacuum pressure in the improved ground by covering the upper surface with an airtight sheet, in the improved method of soft ground to create a depressurized area isolated from the improved ground peripheral portion in the improved ground, the load of the vacuum pressure A method for improving soft ground, characterized in that the pore water sucked out of the improved ground is discharged through a drainage path different from the vacuum pressure propagation path.
各鉛直ト゛レーン材に水平ドレーン材を介して繋がる集水
管下側の改良地盤内に改良地盤外へと通じる排水タンク
を配置して、前記集水管に集水された間隙水を前記排水
タンクへと排水することを特徴とする請求項１記載の軟
弱地盤の改良工法。2. A drainage tank communicating with the outside of the improved ground is arranged in the improved ground below the water collecting pipe connected to each vertical drain material installed at a predetermined interval in the improved ground through a horizontal drain material. The method for improving soft ground according to claim 1, wherein the interstitial water collected in the water collecting pipe is drained to the drain tank.
て接続されていて、このセパレータによって前記集水管
内の間隙水を前記排水タンクへと導水するようにしたこ
とを特徴とする請求項２記載の軟弱地盤の改良工法。3. The water collecting pipe and the drainage tank are connected via a separator, and the pore water in the water collecting pipe is introduced to the drainage tank by the separator. The method for improving the soft ground described.
前記排水タンク内の間隙水を改良地盤外へと強制的に排
出することを特徴とする請求項２又は３記載の軟弱地盤
の改良工法。4. A drainage pump is built in the drainage tank,
The method for improving soft ground according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the pore water in the drainage tank is forcibly discharged to the outside of the improved ground.
各鉛直ト゛レーン材に水平ドレーン材を介して繋がる集水
管の集水経路で複数の第１排水タンクと前記改良地盤外
へと通じる第２排水タンクとを接続すると共に、前記第
１排水タンク間と第２排水タンクとを連通管によって連
通させて、前記集水管に集水された間隙水を前記各第１
排水タンクへと排水し、さらに前記第１排水タンク内の
間隙水を第２排水タンクへと排水し、この後、前記第２
排水タンク内部に内蔵した排水ポンプによって前記第２
排水タンク内の間隙水を強制的に排出することを特徴と
する請求項１記載の軟弱地盤の改良工法。5. A plurality of first drainage tanks and the outside of the improved ground are connected by a water collecting path of a water collecting pipe connected to each vertical drain material installed at a predetermined interval in the improved ground through a horizontal drain material. A second drainage tank is connected to the second drainage tank, and the second drainage tank is connected to the second drainage tank by a communication pipe so that the pore water collected in the water collection pipe is connected to each of the first drainage tanks.
The water is drained to a drainage tank, the pore water in the first drainage tank is further drained to a second drainage tank, and then the second drainage tank is drained.
The second by the drain pump built in the drain tank
The method for improving soft ground according to claim 1, wherein pore water in the drainage tank is forcibly discharged.
改良地盤中に真空圧を負荷することで、前記改良地盤中
に改良地盤周辺部と隔離された減圧領域を造り出す軟弱
地盤の改良装置において、 前記真空圧を前記改良地盤に伝播する真空圧の伝播経路
とは別の排水経路を有することを特徴とする軟弱地盤の
改良装置。6. An apparatus for improving soft ground, wherein an upper surface of the improved ground is covered with an airtight sheet and a vacuum pressure is applied to the improved ground to create a depressurized area in the improved ground that is isolated from the peripheral portion of the improved ground. In the soft ground improvement device, a drainage path different from a vacuum pressure propagation path for propagating the vacuum pressure to the improved ground is provided.
を残して所定の間隔をおいて打設される鉛直ト゛レーン材
と、前記鉛直ト゛レーン材上端部と接触するように配置さ
れる水平ドレーン材と、前記鉛直ト゛レーン材と前記水平
ドレーン材を介して繋がる集水管とからなり、この伝播
経路とは独立した排水経路が、前記集水管下側の改良地
盤内に配置した前記改良地盤外へと通じる排水タンクか
らなることを特徴とする請求項６記載の軟弱地盤の改良
装置。7. A vacuum pressure propagation path is arranged so as to come into contact with a vertical drain material which is placed at a predetermined interval in the improved ground leaving an upper end portion and the upper end portion of the vertical drain material. The improved ground is composed of a horizontal drain material and a water collection pipe connected to the vertical drain material via the horizontal drain material, and a drainage path independent of this propagation path is arranged in the improved ground below the water collection tube. The improvement device for soft ground according to claim 6, comprising a drainage tank communicating to the outside.
て接続されていることを特徴とする請求項７記載の軟弱
地盤の改良装置。8. The improvement device for soft ground according to claim 7, wherein the water collecting pipe and the drainage tank are connected via a separator.
特徴とする請求項７又は８記載の軟弱地盤の改良装置。9. The apparatus for improving soft ground according to claim 7, wherein the drain tank has a drain pump built therein.
クを備えた水密式真空ポンプであることを特徴とする請
求項６〜９記載の軟弱地盤の改良装置。10. The apparatus for improving soft ground according to claim 6, wherein the vacuum pressure generating means is a watertight vacuum pump equipped with a circulating cooling water tank for water sealing.
大気または圧縮空気を送り込む通気経路を設けたことを
特徴とする請求項６〜１０記載の軟弱地盤の改良装置。11. An apparatus for improving soft ground according to claim 6, wherein a ventilation path for feeding the atmosphere or compressed air is provided in the improved ground and / or the peripheral portion of the improved ground.
特徴とする請求項１１記載の軟弱地盤の改良装置。12. An apparatus for improving soft ground according to claim 11, wherein the ventilation path is a drain pipe.
プであることを特徴とする請求項１２記載の軟弱地盤の
改良装置。13. The apparatus for improving soft ground according to claim 12, wherein the ventilation path is a drain pipe provided with a blower.
た各鉛直ト゛レーン材に水平ドレーン材を介して繋がる集
水管の集水経路に接続された複数の第１排水タンク及び
改良地盤外へと通じる第２排水タンクと、前記第１排水
タンク間及び前記第１排水タンクと第２排水タンクとの
間を連通させる連通管とを有していて、 前記集水管に集水された間隙水が前記各第１排水タンク
へと排水され、前記連通管を介して前記第１排水タンク
内の間隙水が前記第２排水タンクへと排水され、さらに
前記第２排水タンク内部に内蔵した排水ポンプによって
第２排水タンク内の間隙水が強制的に排出されることを
特徴とする請求項６記載の軟弱地盤の改良装置。14. A plurality of first drainage tanks connected to a water collecting path of a water collecting pipe connected to each vertical drain material installed at a predetermined interval in the improved ground through a horizontal drain material, and to the outside of the improved ground. A second drainage tank communicating with the first drainage tank and a communication pipe communicating the first drainage tank and the first drainage tank with the second drainage tank, and the pore water collected in the water collection pipe Is drained to each of the first drainage tanks, the pore water in the first drainage tank is drained to the second drainage tank via the communication pipe, and the drainage pump built in the second drainage tank is further provided. The soft ground improvement device according to claim 6, wherein the pore water in the second drainage tank is forcibly discharged by.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001380507A JP3656217B2 (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2001-12-13 | Improvement method and equipment for soft ground |
| TW91132052A TWI221166B (en) | 2001-12-13 | 2002-10-29 | An improving method and device for a poor ground |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000378339 | 2000-12-13 | ||
| JP2000-378339 | 2000-12-13 | ||
| JP2001172024 | 2001-06-07 | ||
| JP2001-172024 | 2001-06-07 | ||
| JP2001380507A JP3656217B2 (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2001-12-13 | Improvement method and equipment for soft ground |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003055951A true JP2003055951A (en) | 2003-02-26 |
| JP3656217B2 JP3656217B2 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
Family
ID=27345425
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001380507A Expired - Lifetime JP3656217B2 (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2001-12-13 | Improvement method and equipment for soft ground |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3656217B2 (en) |
Cited By (9)
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| CN100340721C (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2007-10-03 | 东南大学 | Operation method for consolidating soft soil foundation by pneumatic flerry vacuum preloading method |
| WO2010028547A1 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-18 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Stereoscopic network drainage device for accelerating water drainage consolidation velocity of hydraulic mud fill |
| JP2010090687A (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-04-22 | Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd | Suction force generator, and soil improvement method by vacuum consolidation |
| CN103031834A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2013-04-10 | 徐云童 | Low-position vacuum preloading rapid reinforcement method of soft foundation in hydraulic filling and reclamation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100340721C (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2007-10-03 | 东南大学 | Operation method for consolidating soft soil foundation by pneumatic flerry vacuum preloading method |
| WO2010028547A1 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-18 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Stereoscopic network drainage device for accelerating water drainage consolidation velocity of hydraulic mud fill |
| CN101357817B (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Stereoscopic network drainage for accelerating water drainage consolidation velocity of hydraulic mud fill sludge |
| JP2010090687A (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-04-22 | Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd | Suction force generator, and soil improvement method by vacuum consolidation |
| CN103031834A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2013-04-10 | 徐云童 | Low-position vacuum preloading rapid reinforcement method of soft foundation in hydraulic filling and reclamation |
| CN104878739A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-09-02 | 河海大学 | Drainage material assembly capable of being transversely connected with plastic drainage boards and method for constructing drainage material assembly |
| CN106703006A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-05-24 | 温州大学 | Vacuum preloading treatment system |
| JP2020060020A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-04-16 | キャドテック株式会社 | Ground improvement device |
| CN113481967A (en) * | 2021-07-17 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏溧阳建设集团有限公司 | Be applied to reinforced (rfd) drainage device that catchments of soft soil foundation |
| CN113481967B (en) * | 2021-07-17 | 2022-06-14 | 江苏溧阳建设集团有限公司 | Be applied to reinforced (rfd) drainage device that catchments of soft soil foundation |
| CN115876434A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-03-31 | 清华四川能源互联网研究院 | Pressure load propagation experimental device and method |
| CN115876434B (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-05-02 | 清华四川能源互联网研究院 | Pressure load propagation experimental device and method |
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