JP2003039202A - Cutting working method and cutting working system - Google Patents
Cutting working method and cutting working systemInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003039202A JP2003039202A JP2001229363A JP2001229363A JP2003039202A JP 2003039202 A JP2003039202 A JP 2003039202A JP 2001229363 A JP2001229363 A JP 2001229363A JP 2001229363 A JP2001229363 A JP 2001229363A JP 2003039202 A JP2003039202 A JP 2003039202A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- cutting
- work
- spindle
- cutting edge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Turning (AREA)
- Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、旋削に代表される
ような切削加工方法および切削加工装置に関し、特に切
削に伴って工具切れ刃に付着する付着物が工具寿命の延
長に寄与する性質を積極的に利用した切削加工方法と切
削加工装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutting method and a cutting apparatus typified by turning, and in particular, has a property that deposits attached to a cutting edge of a tool in association with cutting contribute to extension of tool life. The present invention relates to a cutting method and a cutting apparatus that are positively used.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術と発明が解決しようとする課題】特開平９
−８５５０６号公報のほか特開平９−８５５４３号公報
および特開平１１−１７０１０２号公報に記載されてい
るように、ＣＢＮ工具の切れ刃に付着物による保護皮膜
を生成させることで工具寿命が向上することが知られて
いる。Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention
As described in JP-A-9-85543 and JP-A-9-85543 and JP-A-11-170102, the tool life is improved by forming a protective film by a deposit on the cutting edge of the CBN tool. It is known.
【０００３】ところが、例えば特開平９−８５５０６号
公報では、ＣＢＮ工具を用いた切削加工時にその工具表
面に向けてシリコン（Ｓｉ）やマンガン（Ｍｎ）あるい
はチタン（Ｔｉ）等の酸化物の粉末を吹き付けながら加
工を行うことで保護皮膜を生成させるものであり、ま
た、特開平９−８５５４３号公報では、同じくＣＢＮ工
具を用いてパーライト組織の鋳鉄を１５００ｍ／ｍｉｎ
以上の切削速度で切削して保護皮膜を生成させるにすぎ
ないものであるから、いずれの場合にも付着物の分布を
積極的に適正な状態に維持するまでには至っておらず、
したがって安定した工具寿命の延長効果を得る上でなお
も改善の余地を残している。However, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-85506, an oxide powder such as silicon (Si), manganese (Mn) or titanium (Ti) is directed toward the surface of a CBN tool during cutting. A protective film is generated by working while spraying. Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-85543, cast iron having a pearlite structure is 1500 m / min using a CBN tool.
Since it only cuts at the above cutting speed to generate a protective film, in any case it has not reached the point where the distribution of deposits is actively maintained in an appropriate state.
Therefore, there is still room for improvement in obtaining a stable tool life extension effect.
【０００４】その一方、例えば特開２００１−９０７９
５号公報にあるトロイダル型無段変速機の入出力ディス
クを支持して回転するＣＶＴシャフトの機械仕上げ加工
に着目した場合、同シャフトは浸炭焼き入れ処理が施さ
れた高硬度のものであって、しかもその一部にボールス
プラインを形成することになるスプラインシャフト部が
一体形成されている。そのため、切削による加工では、
上記スプラインシャフト部においてその切削面が円周方
向で不連続となっていていわゆる断続切削の形態となる
が故に加工が困難となり、研削による仕上げ加工に頼ら
ざるを得なくなることから部品のコストアップが余儀な
くされる。On the other hand, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-9079
Focusing on the mechanical finishing of the CVT shaft that supports and rotates the input / output disc of the toroidal type continuously variable transmission disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5, the carburized and hardened CVT shaft has a high hardness. In addition, a spline shaft portion that forms a ball spline is integrally formed on a part of the spline shaft portion. Therefore, in machining by cutting,
In the spline shaft portion, the cutting surface becomes discontinuous in the circumferential direction and becomes a so-called intermittent cutting form, which makes it difficult to process, and it is necessary to rely on finishing processing by grinding, which increases the cost of parts. To be forced.
【０００５】本発明はこのような課題に着目してなされ
たもので、工具切れ刃の付着物の付着状態を意識して加
工方向等を定めることにより安定した工具寿命延長効果
が得られるようにし、併せてその工具寿命延長効果の寄
与により従来では困難とされたいわゆる断続切削にも無
理なく対応できるようにした切削加工法と切削加工装置
を提供しようとするものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a stable tool life extension effect can be obtained by deciding the machining direction and the like in consideration of the adhered state of the adhered matter on the tool cutting edge. At the same time, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cutting method and a cutting apparatus which can reasonably cope with so-called interrupted cutting which has been difficult in the past due to the contribution of the tool life extension effect.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】請求項１に記載の発明
は、例えば直線状の如き連続した切れ刃をもつ工具を用
いて旋削方式にて切削加工を行う際に、円周方向で被切
削面が不連続となっている部位について断続切削を行っ
た後に、同じ工具を用いて円筒状の被切削面について連
続切削を行うことを特徴としている。The invention according to claim 1 is to be cut in a circumferential direction when performing cutting by a turning method using a tool having a continuous cutting edge such as a straight line. A feature of the present invention is that, after intermittent cutting is performed on a portion where the surface is discontinuous, continuous cutting is performed on the cylindrical cut surface using the same tool.
【０００７】すなわち、この請求項１に記載の発明で
は、断続切削であるか連続切削であるかにかかわらず、
例えば外丸削りに際して直線状の切れ刃をもつ工具をそ
の切れ刃がワーク軸線に対して捻れの関係となるように
傾斜させて配置し、所望する切り込み量となるようにワ
ーク外周側からワーク軸線方向に工具を移動させた上
で、少なくとも工具にワーク側の被切削面の接線方向の
送りを与えて切削することを想定している。その結果、
傾斜した切れ刃とワークとの接点である切削点がワーク
軸線方向に連続的に移動することで切削が行われる。That is, according to the invention described in claim 1, regardless of whether the cutting is intermittent cutting or continuous cutting,
For example, a tool with a linear cutting edge is placed so that the cutting edge is twisted with respect to the work axis when performing outer rounding, and the work axial direction is adjusted from the work outer peripheral side so that the desired cutting depth is achieved. It is assumed that after the tool is moved, the tool is fed at least in the tangential direction of the surface to be cut on the work side to perform cutting. as a result,
Cutting is performed by continuously moving a cutting point, which is a contact point between the inclined cutting edge and the work, in the work axis direction.
【０００８】そして、本発明者が種々の実験や試加工等
を行った結果、連続切削と断続切削とが混在する加工形
態の場合、連続切削の時には工具切れ刃における付着物
の生成が極小もしくは緩慢となり、断続切削の時には上
記付着物の生成が顕著となることが判明した。As a result of various experiments and trial machining performed by the inventor of the present invention, in the case of a machining mode in which continuous cutting and interrupted cutting are mixed, the generation of deposits on the tool cutting edge is minimized during continuous cutting or It became slow and it was found that the above-mentioned deposits became remarkable during intermittent cutting.
【０００９】したがって、断続切削と連続切削とを相前
後して行う場合に、断続切削を先に行うことで積極的に
工具切れ刃に付着物を生成せしめて、その後から連続切
削を行うことにより、安定した工具寿命延長効果が期待
できるようになり、同時に上記のように切削点が連続的
に移動することにより工具切れ刃における付着物の分布
も切れ刃全長でほぼ均等なものとなる。Therefore, when the intermittent cutting and the continuous cutting are performed in succession, the intermittent cutting is performed first to positively generate deposits on the tool cutting edge, and then the continuous cutting is performed. As a result, a stable tool life extension effect can be expected, and at the same time, by continuously moving the cutting point as described above, the distribution of deposits on the tool cutting edge becomes substantially uniform over the entire cutting edge length.
【００１０】請求項２に記載の発明は、ベッド上に配置
されるとともに主軸モータにより回転駆動されるスピン
ドルを有するヘッドストックと、上記スピンドルの先端
に装着されてワークを把持するチャックと、上記ベッド
上に設けられ、スピンドル軸線と平行な方向を含む直交
３軸のスライド自由度を有する工具ヘッドと、軸心がワ
ーク軸線に対して軸直角な関係となるように上記工具ヘ
ッドに旋回可能に支持されるとともに先端に直線状の切
れ刃をもつ旋削用の工具が装着され、且つ旋回駆動手段
の作動によりその軸心周りに旋回動作可能な工具スピン
ドルと、切削加工に伴って工具切れ刃に付着する付着物
の状態を検出する手段と、上記検出手段による検出結果
のほか、ワークの被切削部位の長さ、被切削部位の不連
続性のために断続切削となる部位の位置と長さ等に基づ
いて工具の移動経路もしくは工具の傾斜角を算出する演
算処理装置と、上記演算処理手段からの指示を受けて上
記工具ヘッドの移動経路もしくは工具の傾斜角を制御す
る制御手段と、を備えていることを特徴としている。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a headstock having a spindle arranged on a bed and driven to rotate by a spindle motor, a chuck mounted on the tip of the spindle for gripping a work, and the bed. A tool head provided above and having three degrees of freedom of sliding orthogonal to each other including a direction parallel to a spindle axis, and a tool head which is pivotably supported by the tool head such that the axis of the tool head is perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece. A tool for turning that has a linear cutting edge attached to the tip and is attached to the cutting edge of the tool spindle that can be turned around its axis by the operation of the turning drive means In addition to the means for detecting the state of the adhered matter and the detection result by the above-mentioned detection means, there is an interruption due to the length of the cut part of the workpiece and the discontinuity of the cut part. An arithmetic processing unit that calculates the movement path of the tool or the inclination angle of the tool based on the position and length of the part to be cut, and the movement path of the tool head or the inclination of the tool in response to an instruction from the arithmetic processing means. And a control means for controlling the corner.
【００１１】ここにいう工具の傾斜角とは、先に述べた
ように直線状の切れ刃をもつ工具をその切れ刃がワーク
軸線に対して捻れの関係となるように傾斜させて配置し
た場合に、その両者のなす角度をいう。The inclination angle of the tool referred to here is the case where a tool having a linear cutting edge is arranged so as to be inclined so that the cutting edge has a twisting relationship with the work axis as described above. , The angle between them.
【００１２】また、請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項２
に記載の切削加工装置を用いた切削加工方法であること
を前提として、ワークの切削を繰り返し行うにあたり、
一回の加工を終える度に工具切れ刃に付着する付着物の
分布状態を検出するとともに該検出結果に基づいて工具
の移動経路を演算し、次の加工の際にその都度工具の移
動経路を変更して加工することを特徴としている。The invention described in claim 3 is the same as that of claim 2
Assuming that it is a cutting method using the cutting device described in, when repeatedly cutting the workpiece,
Every time one machining is completed, the distribution state of the adhered substances attached to the tool cutting edge is detected, and the movement path of the tool is calculated based on the detection result, and the movement path of the tool is calculated each time in the next processing. It is characterized by changing and processing.
【００１３】したがって、これら請求項２，３に記載の
発明では、工具切れ刃における付着物の状態もしくは分
布を実際に検出して、それに応じて以降の加工の際の工
具の移動経路等を決定することから、工具切れ刃の長手
方向での付着物の分布が均一化され、ひいては工具切れ
刃のどの部分においてもその工具寿命延長効果が均等且
つより一層安定したものとなる。Therefore, in the inventions according to claims 2 and 3, the state or distribution of the deposits on the tool cutting edge is actually detected, and the movement path of the tool in the subsequent machining is determined accordingly. As a result, the distribution of the deposits in the longitudinal direction of the tool cutting edge is made uniform, and the tool life extension effect is even and more stable in any part of the tool cutting edge.
【００１４】請求項４に記載の発明は、請求項２に記載
の切削加工装置を用いた切削加工方法であることを前提
として、円筒状ワークの接線方向に工具を移動させて切
削する第１切削工程と、この第１切削工程の切削終了位
置から最初の工具移動方向とは逆方向に工具を移動させ
ながらワーク軸線方向にも移動させて切削する第２切削
工程とを含んでいて、これら第１，第２の切削工程を交
互に繰り返しながら加工を行うことを特徴としている。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, on the premise that the cutting method uses the cutting apparatus according to the second aspect, the tool is moved in the tangential direction of the cylindrical work to perform cutting. These include a cutting step and a second cutting step in which the tool is moved in a direction opposite to the first tool moving direction from the cutting end position of the first cutting step while moving the tool in the work axis direction for cutting. It is characterized in that the machining is performed while alternately repeating the first and second cutting steps.
【００１５】したがって、この請求項４に記載の発明で
は、工具を積極的にワーク軸線方向にも移動させること
により、ワーク軸線方向での切削幅が工具切れ刃の長さ
よりも大きい場合であっても請求項１〜３に記載の発明
と同じ原理で無理なく加工を行うことができるようにな
る。Therefore, according to the invention described in claim 4, the tool is positively moved also in the work axis direction so that the cutting width in the work axis direction is larger than the length of the tool cutting edge. Also, it becomes possible to perform processing without difficulty on the same principle as the invention described in claims 1 to 3.
【００１６】請求項５に記載の発明は、ベッド上に配置
されるとともに主軸モータにより回転駆動されるスピン
ドルを有するヘッドストックと、上記スピンドルの先端
に装着されてワークを把持するチャックと、上記ベッド
上に設けられ、スピンドル軸線と平行な方向を含む直交
３軸のスライド自由度を有する工具ヘッドと、軸心がワ
ーク軸線に対して平行となるように上記工具ヘッドに回
転可能に支持されるとともに、回転駆動手段の作動によ
りその軸心周りに回転可能な工具スピンドルと、工具ス
ピンドルの先端に装着されて、円筒形状の工具本体の外
周面にほぼ一周にわたり螺旋状の切れ刃が形成された中
ぐり用の工具と、を備えていて、ワーク内周面に工具切
れ刃を切り込ませて、ワーク回転方向と同方向もしくは
逆方向にその工具を回転させながら切削するものである
ことを特徴としている。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a headstock having a spindle arranged on the bed and rotationally driven by a spindle motor, a chuck mounted on a tip of the spindle for holding a work, and the bed. A tool head provided above and having three degrees of freedom of sliding orthogonal to each other including a direction parallel to the spindle axis, and rotatably supported by the tool head such that the axis is parallel to the work axis. , A tool spindle that can be rotated around its axis by the operation of the rotation driving means, and a spiral cutting edge that is attached to the tip of the tool spindle and that extends around the circumference of the cylindrical tool body. It is equipped with a boring tool, and a tool cutting edge is cut into the inner peripheral surface of the work, and the tool is rotated in the same direction as the work rotation direction or in the opposite direction. It is characterized in that the cutting while rotating.
【００１７】したがって、この請求項５に記載の発明で
は、加工の形態が中ぐりで且つ工具切れ刃が螺旋状のも
のである点で先の各々の発明と異なってはいても、基本
的にはそれらの発明と同じ原理のもとで加工が行われ
る。Therefore, the invention according to claim 5 is basically different from each of the above inventions in that the form of machining is boring and the tool cutting edge is spiral. Are processed under the same principle as those inventions.
【００１８】請求項６に記載の発明は、請求項５に記載
の切削加工装置を用いた切削加工方法であることを前提
として、ワークのうち円周方向で被切削面が不連続とな
っている部位について断続切削を行った後に、同じ工具
を用いて円筒状の被切削面について連続切削を行うこと
を特徴としている。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, on the premise that the cutting method uses the cutting apparatus according to the fifth aspect, the surface of the workpiece to be cut becomes discontinuous in the circumferential direction. It is characterized in that after the intermittent cutting is performed on the existing portion, continuous cutting is performed on the cylindrical surface to be cut using the same tool.
【００１９】したがって、この請求項６に記載の発明で
は、請求項１に記載の発明と同様に、断続切削と連続切
削とを相前後して行う場合に、断続切削を先に行うこと
で積極的に工具切れ刃に付着物を生成せしめて、その後
から連続切削を行うことにより、安定した工具寿命延長
効果が期待できるようになり、同時に上記のように切削
点が連続的に移動することにより工具切れ刃における付
着物の分布も切れ刃全長でほぼ均等なものとなる。Therefore, according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, similarly to the first aspect of the invention, when intermittent cutting and continuous cutting are performed successively, the intermittent cutting is performed first to positively. By creating deposits on the tool cutting edge and performing continuous cutting after that, a stable tool life extension effect can be expected, and at the same time the cutting point moves continuously as described above. The distribution of deposits on the tool cutting edge is also almost uniform over the entire length of the cutting edge.
【００２０】請求項７に記載の発明は、請求項５に記載
の構成に加えて、上記チャックに工具の先端を支持する
工具センタを相対回転可能に設けて、工具を両持ち支持
した状態で加工を行うようになっていることを特徴とし
ている。According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in addition to the structure of the fifth aspect, a tool center for supporting the tip of the tool is provided on the chuck so as to be relatively rotatable, and the tool is supported by both ends. It is characterized by being processed.
【００２１】したがって、この請求項７に記載の発明で
は、工具を両持ち支持することでその支持剛性が高くな
る。Therefore, in the invention described in claim 7, the supporting rigidity is increased by supporting the tool on both sides.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】請求項１に記載の発明によれば、工具切
れ刃での付着物の生成が顕著な断続切削と工具切れ刃で
の付着物の生成が緩慢な連続切削とを相前後して行うに
あたり、断続切削を先に行うことで積極的に工具切れ刃
に付着物を生成せしめて、その後から連続切削を行うよ
うにしたことにより、安定した工具寿命延長効果が得ら
れ、工具寿命をより一層延長できるほか、従来は困難と
されたいわゆる断続切削を無理なく実現できる効果があ
る。According to the first aspect of the present invention, the intermittent cutting in which the deposits are remarkably formed on the tool cutting edge and the continuous cutting in which the deposits are slowly formed on the tool cutting edge are sequentially performed. In doing so, the intermittent cutting is performed first to positively generate deposits on the tool cutting edge, and then continuous cutting is performed, resulting in a stable tool life extension effect and tool life. In addition to being able to further extend the above, there is an effect that so-called intermittent cutting, which was conventionally difficult, can be realized without difficulty.
【００２３】請求項２，３に記載の発明によれば、工具
切れ刃における付着物の状態もしくは分布を検出して、
それに応じて以降の工具の移動経路等を決定することか
ら、工具切れ刃における付着物の実際の状態が忠実に反
映されて、工具寿命をより一層延長できる効果がある。According to the second and third aspects of the invention, the state or distribution of the deposits on the tool cutting edge is detected,
Since the subsequent movement path of the tool is determined accordingly, the actual state of the deposits on the tool cutting edge is faithfully reflected, and the tool life can be further extended.
【００２４】請求項４に記載の発明によれば、請求項２
に記載の発明と同様の効果に加えて、工具切れ刃の長さ
よりもワーク軸線方向でのワークの切削幅が大きい場合
であっても連続的に無理なく切削できる効果がある。According to the invention of claim 4, claim 2
In addition to the same effect as that of the invention described in (1), even if the cutting width of the work in the work axial direction is larger than the length of the cutting edge of the tool, it is possible to continuously and reasonably cut.
【００２５】請求項５に記載の発明によれば、中ぐり用
の工具切れ刃を螺旋状のものとしたことから、切削時に
おける工具切れ刃の衝撃力を緩和して工具寿命を延長で
きる効果がある。According to the invention of claim 5, since the tool cutting edge for boring is formed in a spiral shape, the impact force of the tool cutting edge at the time of cutting can be alleviated and the tool life can be extended. There is.
【００２６】また、請求項６に記載の発明によれば、中
ぐり切削に際し、請求項１に記載の発明と同様に、断続
切削を先に行うことで積極的に工具切れ刃に付着物を生
成せしめて、その後から連続切削を行うようにしたこと
により、工具寿命をより一層延長できるほか、従来は困
難とされたいわゆる断続切削を無理なく実現できる効果
がある。Further, according to the invention described in claim 6, in boring cutting, similarly to the invention described in claim 1, by intermittently cutting first, deposits are positively attached to the tool cutting edge. Since the tool life is further increased and the continuous cutting is performed after that, the tool life can be further extended and so-called intermittent cutting, which has been difficult in the past, can be achieved without difficulty.
【００２７】請求項７に記載の発明によれば、中ぐり用
の工具を両持ち支持して加工を行うことにより、請求項
５に記載の発明と同様の効果に加えて、工具の支持剛性
が高くなるとともに、切削抵抗による工具の撓みを抑制
して、加工精度の向上に寄与できる効果がある。According to the invention described in claim 7, the boring tool is supported on both sides to carry out the processing, and in addition to the same effect as that of the invention described in claim 5, the supporting rigidity of the tool is increased. As a result, it is possible to suppress the bending of the tool due to the cutting resistance and contribute to the improvement of machining accuracy.
【００２８】[0028]
【発明の実施の形態】図１，２は本発明の好ましい実施
の形態を示す図で、図１は切削加工装置の正面図を、図
２は図１の右側面説明図すなわちＣ方向矢視図をそれぞ
れ示している。1 and 2 are views showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a front view of a cutting apparatus, and FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. Each figure is shown.
【００２９】同図に示すように、ベッド１上にはヘッド
ストック２とテールストック３が対向配置されている
（ただし、図２ではテールストック３を図示省略してあ
る）。ヘッドストック２は、周知のように主軸モータ４
によって回転駆動される水平なスピンドル５の先端にワ
ークＷを把持するためのチャック６を備えている。テー
ルストック３は進退移動可能なテールストックスピンド
ル７を備えているとともに、その先端にセンタ８が装着
されていて、ワークＷはチャック６とセンタ８とで両持
ち支持されて矢印Ｑ方向に回転駆動されるかたちとな
る。As shown in FIG. 1, a headstock 2 and a tailstock 3 are arranged on the bed 1 so as to face each other (however, the tailstock 3 is not shown in FIG. 2). The headstock 2 is, as is well known, a spindle motor 4
A chuck 6 for gripping the work W is provided at the tip of a horizontal spindle 5 that is driven to rotate. The tail stock 3 is equipped with a tail stock spindle 7 that can move back and forth, and a center 8 is attached to the tip of the tail stock spindle 7. The work W is supported by both the chuck 6 and the center 8 and is rotationally driven in the direction of arrow Q. It will be in the form of being done.
【００３０】また、ワークＷの上方には直交３軸のスラ
イド自由度と回転１軸の自由度を有する工具スピンドル
９が位置しており、その工具スピンドル９の先端には工
具ホルダ１０を介して旋削用の工具、例えば連続した直
線状の切れ刃を有する外丸削り用の工具１１が装着され
る。A tool spindle 9 having three degrees of freedom of sliding in three orthogonal axes and one degree of freedom of one axis of rotation is located above the work W. The tip of the tool spindle 9 has a tool holder 10 interposed therebetween. A turning tool, for example, an outer rounding tool 11 having a continuous linear cutting edge is mounted.
【００３１】より詳しくは、ベッド１上にＺ方向にスラ
イド可能なコラムベース１２が設けられているととも
に、コラムベース１２上にはＸ方向にスライド可能なコ
ラム１３が設けられていて、さらにコラム１３にはＹ方
向にスライド可能な工具ヘッドベース１４が設けられて
いる。上記コラムベース１２やコラム１３および工具ヘ
ッドベース１４は、図示しないスライド駆動手段のはた
らきによりＸ，Ｙ，Ｚ方向の任意に位置に保持されるよ
うになっている。More specifically, a column base 12 slidable in the Z direction is provided on the bed 1, and a column 13 slidable in the X direction is provided on the column base 12, and the column 13 is further provided. Is provided with a tool head base 14 that can slide in the Y direction. The column base 12, the column 13, and the tool head base 14 are held at arbitrary positions in the X, Y, and Z directions by the function of slide driving means (not shown).
【００３２】工具ヘッドベース１４上には工具ヘッド１
５が設けられ、工具ヘッド１５には先に述べたように先
端に工具１１を備えた工具スピンドル９が矢印Ｐ１方向
に旋回可能に支持されている。工具スピンドル９はその
軸心がワーク軸線に対して軸直角となるように設定され
ていて、回転検出器１６が付設された旋回駆動手段とし
てのモータ１７の起動により任意の旋回位置に保持され
るようになっている。なお、モータ１７は工具ヘッド１
５に内蔵されている。以上により、工具スピンドル９は
直交３軸のスライド自由度と回転１軸の自由度とを有し
ていることになる。The tool head 1 is mounted on the tool head base 14.
5, the tool head 15 supports the tool spindle 9 having the tool 11 at its tip as described above so as to be rotatable in the direction of arrow P1. The tool spindle 9 is set such that its axis is perpendicular to the work axis, and is held at an arbitrary turning position by starting a motor 17 as a turning drive means provided with a rotation detector 16. It is like this. The motor 17 is the tool head 1
Built in 5. As described above, the tool spindle 9 has three degrees of freedom of sliding orthogonal to one axis and one degree of freedom of rotation one axis.
【００３３】上記工具１１による加工形態としては、図
１，２のほか図３に示すように、ワーク軸線に対して切
れ刃１１ａを所定角度だけ傾斜させた工具１１にワーク
Ｗの直径方向への所定の切り込みを与えた上で、ワーク
Ｗの外周面の接線方向（図３に実線の矢印で示す方向）
に切削送りを与えることで切削が行われる。As a machining mode with the tool 11, as shown in FIG. 3 in addition to FIGS. 1 and 2, the tool 11 in which the cutting edge 11a is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the work axis is used in the diametrical direction of the work W. After making a predetermined cut, the tangential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the work W (the direction indicated by the solid arrow in FIG. 3)
Cutting is performed by giving cutting feed to.
【００３４】また、上記ヘッドストック２の上部には、
図４に示すように切削に伴って工具１１の切れ刃１１ａ
に付着する付着物Ｓの厚さを検出するための厚さ測定手
段としてレーザを用いた変位計１８が設けられている。
この変位計１８は、例えばその検出部を工具１１の切れ
刃１１ａに対峙もしくは指向させた状態で工具１１側を
移動させることにより、切削加工に伴ってその切れ刃１
１ａに付着した付着物Ｓの厚さを切れ刃１１ａの全長に
わたり非接触にて検出もしくは測定することが可能であ
り、その測定値は演算処理手段である演算処理装置１９
に取り込まれる。In addition, above the headstock 2,
As shown in FIG. 4, the cutting edge 11a of the tool 11 accompanying the cutting
A displacement meter 18 using a laser is provided as a thickness measuring means for detecting the thickness of the deposit S attached to the.
The displacement meter 18 moves the tool 11 side in a state where its detecting portion faces or points to the cutting edge 11a of the tool 11, so that the cutting edge 1 is moved along with the cutting process.
It is possible to detect or measure the thickness of the deposit S attached to the la 1a in a non-contact manner over the entire length of the cutting edge 11a, and the measured value is an arithmetic processing unit 19 which is an arithmetic processing means.
Is taken into.
【００３５】この演算処理装置１９は、切削条件である
切削速度や工具の送り量さらには切り込み量等の各種設
定値が予め設定されるほか、上記工具切れ刃１１ａの付
着物Ｓの分布結果、ワークＷの切削長さ、後述するよう
に断続的に切削される部位の位置と幅寸法等に基づいて
工具１１の移動経路もしくは工具１１の傾斜角等の演算
を行って、その演算結果を制御手段である制御装置２０
に出力する機能を有していて、制御装置２０はその演算
結果に応じてＸ，Ｙ，Ｚ方向のスライド駆動制御系に駆
動指令を与えたり、あるいは工具スピンドル９の旋回角
度を可変制御するべく角度変更指令をモータ１７の駆動
制御系に出力することになる。In this arithmetic processing unit 19, various set values such as cutting speed which is a cutting condition, a feed amount of the tool, and a cutting depth are set in advance, and a distribution result of the adhering matter S on the tool cutting edge 11a, Based on the cutting length of the work W, the position and width dimension of the portion to be cut intermittently as described later, the movement path of the tool 11 or the inclination angle of the tool 11 is calculated, and the calculation result is controlled. Control device 20 as means
The control device 20 has a function to output to the slide drive control system in the X, Y and Z directions, or variably controls the turning angle of the tool spindle 9 according to the calculation result. The angle change command is output to the drive control system of the motor 17.
【００３６】図３には、図１，２に示した切削加工装置
を用いた場合の代表的な加工形態を示している。ワーク
Ｗは同図のようにいわゆる段付き軸状のものであって、
図５に示す断面形状のスプラインシャフト部２１のほか
単純円筒状の複数の円筒面２２，２３，２４をそれぞれ
加工対象部位としている。上記のスプラインシャフト部
２１は、図５から明らかなように円周方向でその円筒面
が不連続となっているが故に、直線状の切れ刃１１ａを
もつ工具１１にて切削を行った場合にはいわゆる断続切
削のかたちとなる。FIG. 3 shows a typical processing mode when the cutting apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is used. The work W has a so-called stepped shaft shape as shown in FIG.
In addition to the cross-sectionally shaped spline shaft portion 21 shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of simple cylindrical cylindrical surfaces 22, 23, and 24 are used as the processing target portions. Since the cylindrical surface of the spline shaft portion 21 is discontinuous in the circumferential direction as is clear from FIG. 5, when the cutting is performed by the tool 11 having the linear cutting edge 11a, Is a form of so-called intermittent cutting.
【００３７】ワークＷはスプラインシャフト部２１側の
一端がチャック６に把持されるとともに他端がテールス
トックスピンドル７側のセンタ８にて支持されて、いわ
ゆる両持ち支持形態で矢印方向Ｑに回転駆動される。The work W has one end on the side of the spline shaft portion 21 gripped by the chuck 6 and the other end supported by the center 8 on the side of the tailstock spindle 7, and is rotationally driven in the direction Q indicated by an arrow in a so-called double-sided support mode. To be done.
【００３８】工具スピンドル９に支持される工具１１
は、その直線状の切れ刃１１ａが同図に示すようにワー
ク軸線に対して所定角度だけ傾斜するように工具スピン
ドル９の旋回角度を予め調整する。同時に、工具１１の
移動経路を実線の矢印Ｒ１と破線の矢印Ｒ２で示すよう
に予め演算処理装置１９に設定する。実線の矢印Ｒ１は
切削しながら移動することを表し、破線の矢印Ｒ２は工
具１１がワークＷに干渉しない位置を通りながら非切削
状態で移動することを表している。実線の矢印Ｒ１で示
す切削送り方向は、図１，２から明らかなように加工対
象部位となるスプラインシャフト部２１もしくは円筒面
２２〜２４の接線方向に一致していることになる。すな
わち、断続切削の形態となるスプラインシャフト部２１
の切削を最初に行い、続いて円筒面２２〜２４の切削を
順次行うように工具１１の移動軌跡を設定した上で、実
加工に移行する。The tool 11 supported by the tool spindle 9
Adjusts the turning angle of the tool spindle 9 in advance so that the linear cutting edge 11a inclines at a predetermined angle with respect to the work axis as shown in FIG. At the same time, the movement path of the tool 11 is set in advance in the arithmetic processing unit 19 as indicated by the solid arrow R1 and the broken arrow R2. A solid arrow R1 indicates that the tool 11 moves while cutting, and a broken arrow R2 indicates that the tool 11 moves in a non-cutting state while passing through a position where the tool 11 does not interfere with the work W. The cutting feed direction indicated by the solid arrow R1 coincides with the tangential direction of the spline shaft portion 21 or the cylindrical surfaces 22 to 24, which is the processing target portion, as is clear from FIGS. That is, the spline shaft portion 21 in the form of intermittent cutting
First, the moving locus of the tool 11 is set so that the cylindrical surfaces 22 to 24 are sequentially cut, and then the actual machining is performed.
【００３９】上記スプラインシャフト部２１および円筒
面２２〜２４のいずれの加工の場合でも、ワーク軸線に
対して直線状の工具切れ刃１１ａが所定角度だけ傾斜し
ているために、工具１１に送りを与えると、傾斜した切
れ刃１１ａとワークＷとの接点である切削点がワーク軸
線方向に連続的に移動することで切削が行われ、したが
って被切削面の面粗さを低下させることになるいわゆる
ツールマークは一切発生しないことになる。In any of the processing of the spline shaft portion 21 and the cylindrical surfaces 22 to 24, since the linear tool cutting edge 11a is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the work axis, the tool 11 is fed. If given, the cutting point, which is the contact point between the inclined cutting edge 11a and the work W, moves continuously in the work axis direction, whereby cutting is performed, and thus the surface roughness of the surface to be cut is reduced. No tool marks will be generated.
【００４０】本発明者が各種の実験や試加工等を行った
結果では、いわゆるスプラインシャフト部２１のような
いわゆる断続切削と単純円筒面２２〜２４のようないわ
ゆる連続切削とを相前後して行う場合に、断続切削の形
態となるスプラインシャフト部２１の切削の際には図４
に示すような工具切れ刃１１ａにおける付着物Ｓの生成
が顕著となるものの、連続切削の形態となる円筒面２２
〜２４の切削の際には工具切れ刃１１ａにおける付着物
Ｓの生成が極端に低下することが判明した。なお、工具
切れ刃１１ａにおける付着物Ｓの生成が工具寿命の延長
効果をもたらすことは先に述べた通りである。As a result of various experiments and trial machining performed by the present inventor, the so-called intermittent cutting such as the so-called spline shaft portion 21 and the so-called continuous cutting such as the simple cylindrical surfaces 22 to 24 are sequentially performed. When performing the cutting of the spline shaft portion 21 in the form of interrupted cutting, FIG.
Although the generation of the deposit S on the tool cutting edge 11a as shown in FIG.
It was found that the generation of the deposit S on the tool cutting edge 11a was extremely reduced during the cutting of .about.24. As described above, the generation of the deposit S on the tool cutting edge 11a has the effect of extending the tool life.
【００４１】したがって、上記のように工具切れ刃１１
ａにおける付着物Ｓの生成が極端に低下することになる
各円筒面２２〜２４の切削に先行して、工具切れ刃１１
ａにおける付着物Ｓの生成が顕著な断続切削すなわちス
プラインシャフト部２１の切削を行うことにより、スプ
ラインシャフト部２１の切削の際の付着物Ｓの生成によ
る工具寿命延長効果が期待できることはもちろんのこ
と、各円筒面２２〜２４の切削の際にも既に付着物Ｓが
生成されているために同様にして工具寿命延長効果が期
待でき、結果的には工具の寿命を大幅に延長できるよう
になる。Therefore, as described above, the tool cutting edge 11
Prior to the cutting of the cylindrical surfaces 22 to 24 in which the generation of the deposit S in a is extremely reduced, the tool cutting edge 11
It is needless to say that the tool life extension effect by the generation of the deposit S at the time of cutting the spline shaft portion 21 can be expected by performing the intermittent cutting in which the deposit S is significantly generated in a, that is, the cutting of the spline shaft portion 21. Since the deposit S has already been generated when the cylindrical surfaces 22 to 24 are cut, the tool life extension effect can be expected in the same manner, and as a result, the tool life can be significantly extended. .
【００４２】その上、断続切削の形態となるスプライン
シャフト部２１の加工の際に、傾斜している工具切れ刃
１１ａとワークＷとの接点である切削点が連続的に移動
することから、断続切削に伴う工具切れ刃１１ａへの衝
撃力を緩和できるほか、スプラインシャフト部２１およ
び各円筒面２２〜２４のいずれの加工の場合にも上記と
同様の理由からツールマークが一切発生しないために、
被切削面の表面粗さ精度がきわめて良好なものとなる。In addition, during machining of the spline shaft portion 21 in the form of intermittent cutting, the cutting point, which is the contact point between the inclined tool cutting edge 11a and the workpiece W, moves continuously, which results in intermittent cutting. In addition to being able to reduce the impact force on the tool cutting edge 11a associated with cutting, no tool mark is generated for the same reason as above in any of the processing of the spline shaft portion 21 and each of the cylindrical surfaces 22 to 24.
The surface roughness accuracy of the surface to be cut becomes extremely good.
【００４３】図６〜９には、上記切削加工装置のもとで
の加工手順の別の例をフローチャートとともに示してあ
る。なお、この手順は請求項３に記載の発明に対応して
いる。FIGS. 6 to 9 show another example of the processing procedure under the above cutting apparatus together with flowcharts. This procedure corresponds to the invention described in claim 3.
【００４４】図７に示すように、加工対象となるワーク
Ｗ１は単純円筒面である大径軸部２５に直径方向に貫通
する穴２６が形成されていて、その穴２６の部分では先
のスプラインシャフト部２１と同様にいわゆる断続切削
の形態となることを容認した上で、直線状の切れ刃１１
ａを有する工具１１にてその工具切れ刃１１ａを傾斜さ
せながら大径軸部２５の全幅に切削加工を施すものであ
る。As shown in FIG. 7, the workpiece W1 to be machined has a hole 26 penetrating in the diametrical direction in the large-diameter shaft portion 25, which is a simple cylindrical surface. As with the shaft portion 21, the linear cutting edge 11 is accepted after allowing the form of so-called intermittent cutting.
With the tool 11 having a, the entire width of the large-diameter shaft portion 25 is cut while inclining the tool cutting edge 11a.
【００４５】図６のＳｔｅｐ１では、各種の切削条件を
図１に示す演算処理装置１９に入力して設定する。すな
わち、図６のほか図７に示すように、切削条件として切
削速度と工具１１の送り量、切り込み量、工具切れ刃１
１ａの傾斜角（図１に示した工具スピンドル９の旋回角
度）α、工具の切れ刃の長さＨ、断続切削となる穴２６
の長さａ、および工具切れ刃１１ａのうち断続切削に関
与しない部分の長さｋをそれぞれ図１の演算処理装置１
９に設定する。In Step 1 of FIG. 6, various cutting conditions are input and set in the arithmetic processing unit 19 shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 7 in addition to FIG. 6, the cutting conditions include the cutting speed, the feed amount of the tool 11, the cutting amount, and the tool cutting edge 1.
1a inclination angle (turning angle of the tool spindle 9 shown in FIG. 1) α, tool cutting edge length H, hole 26 for intermittent cutting
1 of the tool cutting edge 11a and the length k of a portion of the tool cutting edge 11a that is not involved in intermittent cutting, respectively.
Set to 9.
【００４６】Ｓｔｅｐ２では、初期値として切れ刃１１
ａの一端での工具逃げ幅ｂと工具移動方向である矢印Ｍ
方向での工具移動距離ｍを、ｂ＝０．５〜１ｍｍ、ｍ＝
ａ／２の関係式に従い入力して設定する。上記の工具逃
げ幅ｂは工具切れ刃１１ａの一端がワークＷ１に接触し
ない程度に適当な値をもって設定すれば足りる。In Step 2, the cutting edge 11 is set as the initial value.
The tool relief width b at one end of a and the arrow M that is the tool movement direction
Tool moving distance m in the direction, b = 0.5 to 1 mm, m =
Input and set according to the relational expression of a / 2. The tool relief width b may be set with an appropriate value such that one end of the tool cutting edge 11a does not contact the work W1.
【００４７】Ｓｔｅｐ３では実際の切削に移行し、工具
１１を図７の（ａ）の矢印Ｍ方向に工具移動距離ｍだけ
移動させながら切削し、さらに同図（ｂ）に示すように
工具移動距離ｍの終点から矢印Ｍ１方向すなわちワーク
軸線方向に所定距離だけ移動させて大径軸部２５の全幅
について切削する（なお、図７の（ａ）では工具１１を
工具移動距離ｍだけ移動させた後の状態を描いてあ
る）。この時、穴２６の位置でのいわゆる断続切削を含
んでいるので、先の場合と同様に工具切れ刃１１ａには
何らかの付着物Ｓが生成される。In Step 3, the actual cutting is started, and the tool 11 is cut while moving the tool 11 in the direction of arrow M in FIG. 7A by the tool moving distance m, and further as shown in FIG. The end of m is moved by a predetermined distance in the direction of the arrow M1, that is, the direction of the work axis to cut the entire width of the large-diameter shaft portion 25 (after moving the tool 11 by the tool moving distance m in FIG. 7A). State is drawn). At this time, since what is called intermittent cutting at the position of the hole 26 is included, some kind of deposit S is generated on the tool cutting edge 11a as in the previous case.
【００４８】Ｓｔｅｐ４では、図１，２に示した変位計
１８を用いて切削加工後の工具切れ刃１１ａの全長Ｈに
ついて上記付着物Ｓの厚さを測定する。Ｓｔｅｐ５で
は、図８に示すように付着物Ｓの厚さが最大の位置を中
心に幅ａ（予め設定された任意の値）を設定し、工具切
れ刃１１ａの端面からの距離Ｐを算出して演算処理装置
１９に取り込む。さらに、Ｓｔｅｐ６では、演算処理装
置１９での処理として付着物Ｓの位置を示すＰの値とＨ
−ｋの値とを比較し、Ｐの値がＨ−ｋの値よりも小さい
場合には、それに続くＳｔｅｐ７の処理として工具移動
距離ｍとしてｍ＝（ａ／２）＋Ｐｓｉｎαを算出した上
で工具移動距離ｍの値を更新する。そして、この更新さ
れた工具移動距離ｍをもって次のワークＷ１の切削を実
行する。At Step 4, the thickness of the deposit S is measured for the entire length H of the tool cutting edge 11a after cutting using the displacement gauge 18 shown in FIGS. In Step 5, as shown in FIG. 8, the width a (arbitrary value set in advance) is set around the position where the thickness of the deposit S is the maximum, and the distance P from the end face of the tool cutting edge 11a is calculated. It is loaded into the arithmetic processing unit 19. Further, in Step 6, as the processing in the arithmetic processing unit 19, the value of P indicating the position of the adhering matter S and H
If the value of P is smaller than the value of Hk, the value of m is calculated as m = (a / 2) + Psinα as the tool movement distance m in the subsequent Step 7 processing. The value of the moving distance m is updated. Then, the next work W1 is cut with the updated tool movement distance m.
【００４９】一方、付着物Ｓの位置を示すＰの値がＨ−
ｋの値と同等以上の場合には、Ｓｔｅｐ９の処理として
図９に示すように加工開始位置や加工方向を図７の場合
と比べて逆の関係となるように変更した上でＳｔｅｐ２
に戻り、工具逃げ幅ｂと工具移動距離ｍを初期値に設定
し直して、次のワークＷ１の切削に移行する。On the other hand, the value of P indicating the position of the deposit S is H-
If the value is equal to or larger than the value of k, as the processing of Step 9, the processing start position and the processing direction are changed to have an inverse relationship compared to the case of FIG. 7, and then Step 2 is performed.
Then, the tool relief width b and the tool movement distance m are reset to the initial values, and the cutting of the next work W1 is started.
【００５０】このように、断続切削となる部位の長さす
なわち穴２６の長さａが工具切れ刃１１ａの長さよりも
小さい場合であっても、切れ刃１１ａのほぼ全長にわた
って付着物Ｓを生成することができるから、大径軸部２
５の切削に続いて連続切削となる部位の切削を行った場
合にその工具寿命を延長することができる。As described above, even when the length of the portion to be intermittently cut, that is, the length a of the hole 26 is smaller than the length of the tool cutting edge 11a, the deposit S is generated over almost the entire length of the cutting edge 11a. Large diameter shaft 2
When the continuous cutting is performed following the cutting of No. 5, the tool life can be extended.
【００５１】図１０は上記切削加工装置を用いた場合の
さらに別の加工手順を示す。なお、この手順は請求項４
に記載の発明に対応している。FIG. 10 shows still another processing procedure when the above cutting apparatus is used. Note that this procedure is defined in claim 4.
It corresponds to the invention described in.
【００５２】同図（ａ）に示すように、ワークＷ１のう
ち加工対象となる大径軸部２５の長さＬ２よりも工具１
１による切削幅Ｌ１が小さい場合において、工具切れ刃
１１ａの端部１１ｂがワークＷ１の軸線よりもマイナス
Ｘ側にある状態すなわち図１０の（ａ）に示した端部１
１ｂの位置よりの上方にある状態に保持し、その状態か
ら工具１１を矢印Ｍ２で示す接線方向（プラスＸ方向）
に所定量移動させて切削する。続いて、Ｘ方向の移動完
了位置から同図（ｂ）に実線の矢印Ｍ３で示すように工
具１１を逆方向（マイナスＸ方向）に所定量だけ移動さ
せながら同時にワーク軸線方向にも所定量だけ移動さ
せ、実質的に二方向の合成送り方式にて切削する。さら
に、同図（ｃ）に示すように最初と同様にして矢印Ｍ４
方向に工具１１を移動させて切削する。As shown in FIG. 3A, the tool 1 is larger than the length L2 of the large-diameter shaft portion 25 to be machined in the work W1.
When the cutting width L1 by 1 is small, the end portion 11b of the tool cutting edge 11a is on the minus X side of the axis of the work W1, that is, the end portion 1 shown in FIG.
1b is held above, and from that state the tool 11 is in the tangential direction indicated by arrow M2 (plus X direction).
Move a predetermined amount to and cut. Subsequently, while moving the tool 11 in the opposite direction (minus X direction) by a predetermined amount from the movement completion position in the X direction as indicated by a solid arrow M3 in FIG. It is moved and cut by the composite feed method of substantially two directions. Further, as shown in FIG. 7C, the arrow M4 is formed in the same manner as at the beginning.
The tool 11 is moved in the direction to cut.
【００５３】こうすることにより、工具１１の切削幅Ｌ
１がワークの被切削長さＬ２よりも小さい場合において
も、大径軸部２５全体を均等に仕上げることができる。By doing so, the cutting width L of the tool 11
Even when 1 is smaller than the cut length L2 of the workpiece, the entire large-diameter shaft portion 25 can be finished uniformly.
【００５４】図１１，１２には本発明の他の実施の形態
として中ぐり方式の切削加工装置の例を示す。なお、こ
の構成は請求項５に記載の発明に対応している。11 and 12 show an example of a boring type cutting apparatus as another embodiment of the present invention. Note that this configuration corresponds to the invention described in claim 5.
【００５５】同図に示すように、ベッド３１上にはヘッ
ドストック３２が単独で設けられていて、このヘッドス
トック３２は、周知のように主軸モータ３４によって回
転駆動される水平なスピンドル３５の先端に例えば中空
円筒状のワークＷ２を把持するためのチャック３６を備
えていて、矢印方向Ｑに回転駆動されるようになってい
る。As shown in the figure, a head stock 32 is independently provided on the bed 31, and the head stock 32 is, as is well known, a tip of a horizontal spindle 35 which is rotationally driven by a spindle motor 34. Further, for example, a chuck 36 for gripping the hollow cylindrical work W2 is provided, and is driven to rotate in the arrow Q direction.
【００５６】また、チャック３６と対向するようにして
直交３軸のスライド自由度と回転１軸の自由度を有する
工具スピンドル３７が配置されており、その工具スピン
ドル３７の先端には工具ホルダ３８を介して中ぐり切削
用の工具として螺旋状の連続した切れ刃３９ａを有する
工具３９が装着されている。Further, a tool spindle 37 having three degrees of freedom of sliding in three orthogonal axes and one degree of freedom of one axis of rotation is arranged so as to face the chuck 36, and a tool holder 38 is provided at the tip of the tool spindle 37. A tool 39 having a spiral continuous cutting edge 39a is mounted as a tool for boring.
【００５７】より詳しくは、ベッド１上にＺ方向にスラ
イド可能なコラムベース４０が設けられているととも
に、コラムベース４０上にはＸ方向にスライド可能なコ
ラム４１が設けられていて、さらにコラム４１にはＹ方
向にスライド可能な工具ヘッドベース４２が設けられて
いる。上記コラムベース４０やコラム４１および工具ヘ
ッドベース４２は、図示しないスライド駆動手段のはた
らきによりＸ，Ｙ，Ｚ方向の任意に位置に保持されるよ
うになっている。More specifically, a column base 40 slidable in the Z direction is provided on the bed 1, and a column 41 slidable in the X direction is provided on the column base 40. Is provided with a tool head base 42 that can slide in the Y direction. The column base 40, the column 41, and the tool head base 42 are held at arbitrary positions in the X, Y, and Z directions by the action of slide driving means (not shown).
【００５８】工具ヘッドベース４２上には工具ヘッド４
３が設けられ、工具ヘッド４３には先に述べたように先
端に工具３９を備えた工具スピンドル３７が矢印Ｐ２方
向に回転可能に支持されている。工具スピンドル３７は
その軸心がワーク軸線に対して平行となるように設定さ
れていて、回転検出器４４が付設された回転駆動手段と
してのモータ４５の起動により任意の旋回位置に保持さ
れるようになっている。なお、モータ４５は工具ヘッド
４３に内蔵されている。以上により、工具スピンドル３
７は直交３軸のスライド自由度と回転１軸の自由度とを
有していることになる。The tool head 4 is mounted on the tool head base 42.
3 is provided, and the tool spindle 43 having the tool 39 at the tip thereof is rotatably supported on the tool head 43 in the arrow P2 direction as described above. The tool spindle 37 is set so that its axis is parallel to the work axis, and is held at an arbitrary turning position by the activation of a motor 45 as a rotation driving means provided with a rotation detector 44. It has become. The motor 45 is built in the tool head 43. From the above, the tool spindle 3
7 has a degree of freedom of sliding on three orthogonal axes and a degree of freedom of one axis of rotation.
【００５９】上記工具３９による加工形態としては、図
１３に示すように工具３９そのものが中実円筒状の工具
本体４６に外周に螺旋状をなすように捻れた形状の連続
した切れ刃３９ａをほぼ一周するように形成したもので
あるから、回転駆動されているワークＷ２に工具３９を
挿入して直径方向に所定量だけ切り込み、所定速度で工
具３９を一回転させることで切削が行われる。つまり、
ワークＷ２と工具切れ刃３９ａの接点である切削点が工
具３９自体の回転に伴い連続的に移動することで切削が
行われる。As a processing form by the tool 39, as shown in FIG. 13, a continuous cutting edge 39a having a shape in which the tool 39 itself is twisted in a spiral shape on the outer periphery of a tool body 46 having a solid cylindrical shape is formed. Since it is formed so as to make one round, cutting is performed by inserting the tool 39 into the workpiece W2 that is being rotationally driven, cutting by a predetermined amount in the diameter direction, and rotating the tool 39 once at a predetermined speed. That is,
Cutting is performed by continuously moving a cutting point, which is a contact point between the work W2 and the tool cutting edge 39a, as the tool 39 itself rotates.
【００６０】より詳しくは、図１３の（ａ）に示すワー
クＷ２の内周面には内スプライン部４７とこれよりも大
径の円筒面４８とが隣接するように形成されていて、そ
のいずれもが加工対象となっていることから、最初に内
スプライン部４７に対して工具切れ刃３９ａを所定量だ
け切り込み、同時に工具３９をワークＷ２の回転速度に
対して数十分の一から数百分の一の割合で一回転させる
ことで切削する。このとき、内スプライン部４７はその
切削すべき面が円周方向で不連続となっているのでいわ
ゆる断続切削のかたちとなる。More specifically, an inner spline portion 47 and a cylindrical surface 48 having a diameter larger than the inner spline portion 47 are formed adjacent to each other on the inner peripheral surface of the work W2 shown in FIG. Since the peach is to be machined, the tool cutting edge 39a is first cut into the inner spline portion 47 by a predetermined amount, and at the same time, the tool 39 is tens to hundreds of times relative to the rotation speed of the work W2. Cutting is done by rotating once at a rate of one-half. At this time, since the surface of the inner spline portion 47 to be cut is discontinuous in the circumferential direction, it becomes a so-called intermittent cutting shape.
【００６１】内スプライン部４７の加工を終えたならば
工具３９を円筒面４８側に移動させて、同様にしてその
円筒面４８を連続切削する。なお、内スプライン部４７
および円筒面４８のいずれの加工の場合にも、工具３９
の回転方向はワークＷ２の回転方向と同方向でも逆方向
でもよい。When the processing of the inner spline portion 47 is completed, the tool 39 is moved to the cylindrical surface 48 side, and the cylindrical surface 48 is continuously cut in the same manner. In addition, the inner spline portion 47
In both cases of machining the cylindrical surface 48 and the cylindrical surface 48, the tool 39
The direction of rotation may be the same as or opposite to the direction of rotation of the workpiece W2.
【００６２】これにより、断続切削となる内スプライン
部４７の切削の際に、工具３９の切れ刃３９ａと被切削
面との接点である切削点が連続的に移動しながら被切削
面に徐々に切り込まれるかたちとなるので、切れ刃に加
わる衝撃力を小さくすることができ、切れ刃３９ａの欠
損等を未然に防止して工具寿命を延長することができる
ほか、円筒面４８の切削の際にも切削点が連続的に移動
することにより、ツールマークの発生のない綺麗な切削
面とすることができる。As a result, at the time of cutting the inner spline portion 47, which is intermittent cutting, the cutting point, which is the contact point between the cutting edge 39a of the tool 39 and the surface to be cut, moves continuously while gradually moving to the surface to be cut. Since it is cut, it is possible to reduce the impact force applied to the cutting edge, prevent damage to the cutting edge 39a and extend the tool life, and cut the cylindrical surface 48. Moreover, by continuously moving the cutting points, it is possible to form a clean cutting surface without tool marks.
【００６３】その上、断続切削となる内スプライン部４
７の切削の際に積極的に工具切れ刃３９ａに図４と同様
に付着物Ｓを生成することができ、それに続いて付着物
Ｓの生成が緩慢となる円筒面４８の連続切削を行うこと
で、その連続切削に際しても工具寿命を延長することが
できるようになる。なお、この加工手順は請求項６に記
載の発明に対応している。In addition, the inner spline portion 4 for intermittent cutting
7, it is possible to positively generate the deposit S on the tool cutting edge 39a in the same manner as in FIG. 4, and subsequently perform continuous cutting of the cylindrical surface 48 in which the deposit S is slowly generated. Thus, the tool life can be extended even during the continuous cutting. The processing procedure corresponds to the invention described in claim 6.
【００６４】図１４には中ぐり切削方式の切削加工装置
の他の実施の形態を示す。なお、この実施の形態は請求
項７に記載の発明に対応している。FIG. 14 shows another embodiment of a boring cutting type cutting apparatus. This embodiment corresponds to the invention described in claim 7.
【００６５】図１４の（ａ）に示すように、中空円筒状
のワークＷ３を把持するためのチャック５１の中心上に
ベアリング５２とそのベアリング５２で支持される回転
部材５３とを配置し、回転部材５３とチャック５２の内
周面との間にはシール材５４を設けてある。回転部材５
３には工具５９の先端を支持するための工具センタ５５
を偏心させた状態で配置するとともに、工具ヘッド５６
に設けられた回転止め治具５７を支持するための治具セ
ンタ５８を同様に偏心させて配置してある。そして、工
具５９は基本的には先の実施の形態のものと同様である
ものの、同図（ｂ）にも示すように回転止め治具５７と
ともにワークＷ３に内挿されることから、その切れ刃５
９ａがワークＷ３の内周面と干渉しないように工具本体
６０の円周方向のおよそ四分の三程度の範囲に切れ刃５
９ａを螺旋状に形成してある。なお、工具５９は工具ヘ
ッド５６の工具スピンドル６１に支持され、モータ６２
にて回転駆動される。６３はモータ６２に付設された回
転検出器である。As shown in FIG. 14 (a), a bearing 52 and a rotary member 53 supported by the bearing 52 are arranged on the center of a chuck 51 for gripping a hollow cylindrical work W3, and are rotated. A seal material 54 is provided between the member 53 and the inner peripheral surface of the chuck 52. Rotating member 5
3 is a tool center 55 for supporting the tip of the tool 59.
Is placed in an eccentric state and the tool head 56
Similarly, a jig center 58 for supporting the rotation stopping jig 57 is eccentrically arranged. Although the tool 59 is basically the same as that of the previous embodiment, since the tool 59 is inserted into the work W3 together with the rotation stopping jig 57 as shown in FIG. 5
In order to prevent 9a from interfering with the inner peripheral surface of the work W3, the cutting edge 5 is placed in a range of about three quarters in the circumferential direction of the tool body 60.
9a is formed in a spiral shape. The tool 59 is supported by the tool spindle 61 of the tool head 56, and the motor 62
Is driven to rotate. Reference numeral 63 is a rotation detector attached to the motor 62.
【００６６】実際の加工の際には、工具５９と回転止め
治具５７とをワークＷ３に挿入して、工具５９の先端を
工具センタ５５にて、回転止め治具５７の先端を治具セ
ンタ５８にてそれぞれ支持する。この時、工具５９の切
れ刃５９ａがワークＷ３の内周面と干渉しないようにす
るべく、図１３の（ｂ）に示す如く工具５９のうち切れ
刃５９ａが存在しない部位がワークＷ３の内周面と対向
するように回転検出器６３による割り出し機能を使って
割り出す。また、工具センタ５５の偏心量は、工具切れ
刃５９ａの外径とワーク内径および切り込み量とに基づ
いて設定される。At the time of actual machining, the tool 59 and the rotation stopping jig 57 are inserted into the work W3, the tip of the tool 59 is at the tool center 55, and the tip of the rotation stopping jig 57 is at the jig center. Each is supported at 58. At this time, in order to prevent the cutting edge 59a of the tool 59 from interfering with the inner peripheral surface of the work W3, the portion of the tool 59 where the cutting edge 59a does not exist does not interfere with the inner peripheral surface of the work W3 as shown in FIG. Indexing is performed using the indexing function of the rotation detector 63 so as to face the surface. The eccentric amount of the tool center 55 is set based on the outer diameter of the tool cutting edge 59a, the work inner diameter, and the cut amount.
【００６７】チャック５１をスピンドル３５とともに回
転駆動すると、ワークＷ３は回転することになるもの
の、チャック５１にベアリング５２を介して支持されて
いる回転部材５３は工具５９と回転止め治具５７とで拘
束されているために回転せず、工具５９を支持した状態
で静止したままとなる。この状態で、工具５９の回転速
度をワークＷ３の回転速度に対して数十分の一から数百
分の一の割合に設定して、ワークＷ３の回転方向と反対
方向もしくは同方向に一回転させて切削する。したがっ
て、実質的に工具５９が両持ち支持されたかたちで切削
加工が行われるので、工具５９の支持剛性が向上し、切
削抵抗による工具５９の撓みを抑制して、ワークＷ３の
内周面を一段と高精度に仕上げることができる。When the chuck 51 is rotationally driven together with the spindle 35, the work W3 is rotated, but the rotating member 53 supported by the chuck 51 via the bearing 52 is constrained by the tool 59 and the rotation stopping jig 57. Therefore, it does not rotate and remains stationary while supporting the tool 59. In this state, the rotation speed of the tool 59 is set to a ratio of several tenths to several hundredths of the rotation speed of the work W3, and one rotation is made in the opposite direction or the same direction as the rotation direction of the work W3. Let it cut. Therefore, since the cutting is performed while the tool 59 is substantially supported by both ends, the support rigidity of the tool 59 is improved, the bending of the tool 59 due to cutting resistance is suppressed, and the inner peripheral surface of the work W3 is suppressed. It can be finished with higher accuracy.
【図１】本発明の好ましい実施の形態として切削加工装
置の概略構成を示す正面図。FIG. 1 is a front view showing a schematic configuration of a cutting apparatus as a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】図１のＣ方向矢視図。FIG. 2 is a view on arrow C in FIG.
【図３】図１での加工形態の詳細を示す要部拡大図。FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of an essential part showing details of the processing mode in FIG. 1.
【図４】工具切れ刃における付着物の付着状況を示す要
部拡大断面図。FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an essential part showing a state of adhered matter on a tool cutting edge.
【図５】図３に示すワークのスプラインシャフト部にお
ける断面図。5 is a sectional view of the spline shaft portion of the work shown in FIG.
【図６】図１，２の切削加工装置での別の加工手順を示
すフローチャート。FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing another processing procedure in the cutting apparatus of FIGS.
【図７】（ａ），（ｂ）ともに図６の加工手順でのワー
クと工具との関係を示す説明図。7A and 7B are explanatory views showing the relationship between the work and the tool in the machining procedure of FIG. 6 in both FIGS.
【図８】図６の加工手順での工具切れ刃の付着物との関
係を示す説明図。FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the tool cutting edge and the adhered matter in the machining procedure of FIG. 6;
【図９】図６の加工手順でのワークと工具との関係を示
す説明図。9 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between a work and a tool in the machining procedure of FIG.
【図１０】（ａ），（ｂ），（ｃ）ともに図１，２の切
削加工装置での別の加工手順を示す説明図。10 (a), (b) and (c) are explanatory views showing another machining procedure in the cutting machine of FIGS.
【図１１】本発明の他の実施の形態として中ぐり方式の
切削加工装置の概略構成を示す正面図。FIG. 11 is a front view showing a schematic configuration of a boring type cutting apparatus as another embodiment of the present invention.
【図１２】図１１のＣ方向矢視図。FIG. 12 is a view on arrow C in FIG. 11.
【図１３】（ａ），（ｂ）ともに図１１，１２での加工
形態の詳細を示す要部拡大図。FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B are enlarged views of a main part showing the details of the processing mode in FIGS.
【図１４】（ａ）は図１１，１２での加工形態の別の例
を示す要部拡大図、（ｂ）は同図（ａ）のＡ−Ａ線に沿
う断面図。FIG. 14A is an enlarged view of a main part showing another example of the processing mode in FIGS. 11 and 12, and FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
１…ベッド ２…ヘッドストック ４…主軸モータ ５…スピンドル ６…チャック ９…工具スピンドル １１…工具 １１ａ…切れ刃 １５…工具ヘッド １７モータ（旋回駆動手段） １８…変位計（厚さ測定手段） １９…演算処理装置 ２０…制御装置 ２１…スプラインシャフト部 ２２〜２４…円筒面 ２５…大径軸部 ３１…ベッド ３２…ヘッドストック ３４…主軸モータ ３５…スピンドル ３６…チャック ３７…工具スピンドル ３９…工具 ３９ａ…切れ刃 ４３…工具ヘッド ４５…モータ（回転駆動手段） ４６…工具本体 ４７…内スプライン部 ４８…円筒面 ５１…チャック ５３…回転部材 ５５…工具センタ ５６…工具ヘッド ５９…工具 ６０…工具本体 ６１…工具スピンドル ６２…モータ Ｓ…付着物 Ｗ…ワーク Ｗ１…ワーク Ｗ２…ワーク Ｗ３…ワーク 1 ... bed 2 ... Headstock 4 ... Spindle motor 5 ... Spindle 6 ... Chuck 9 ... Tool spindle 11 ... Tool 11a ... Cutting edge 15 ... Tool head 17 motors (swing drive means) 18 ... Displacement meter (thickness measuring means) 19 ... Arithmetic processing device 20 ... Control device 21 ... Spline shaft 22 to 24 ... Cylindrical surface 25 ... Large diameter shaft 31 ... Bed 32 ... Headstock 34 ... Spindle motor 35 ... Spindle 36 ... Chuck 37 ... Tool spindle 39 ... Tool 39a ... Cutting edge 43 ... Tool head 45 ... Motor (rotational drive means) 46 ... Tool body 47 ... Inner spline section 48 ... Cylindrical surface 51 ... Chuck 53 ... Rotating member 55 ... Tool center 56 ... Tool head 59 ... Tool 60 ... Tool body 61 ... Tool spindle 62 ... Motor S ... Adhesion W ... work W1 ... work W2 ... work W3 ... work
Claims (7)
方式にて切削加工を行う際に、円周方向で被切削面が不
連続となっている部位について断続切削を行った後に、
同じ工具を用いて円筒状の被切削面について連続切削を
行うことを特徴とする切削加工方法。1. When performing cutting by a turning method using a tool having continuous cutting edges, after performing intermittent cutting on a portion where a surface to be cut is discontinuous in a circumferential direction,
A cutting method characterized by performing continuous cutting on a cylindrical surface to be cut using the same tool.
タにより回転駆動されるスピンドルを有するヘッドスト
ックと、 上記スピンドルの先端に装着されてワークを把持するチ
ャックと、 上記ベッド上に設けられ、スピンドル軸線と平行な方向
を含む直交３軸のスライド自由度を有する工具ヘッド
と、 軸心がワーク軸線に対して軸直角な関係となるように上
記工具ヘッドに旋回可能に支持されるとともに先端に直
線状の切れ刃をもつ旋削用の工具が装着され、且つ旋回
駆動手段の作動によりその軸心周りに旋回動作可能な工
具スピンドルと、 切削加工に伴って工具切れ刃に付着する付着物の状態を
検出する手段と、 上記検出手段による検出結果のほか、ワークの被切削部
位の長さ、被切削部位の不連続性のために断続切削とな
る部位の位置と長さ等に基づいて工具の移動経路もしく
は工具の傾斜角を算出する演算処理装置と、 上記演算処理手段からの指示を受けて上記工具ヘッドの
移動経路もしくは工具の傾斜角を制御する制御手段と、 を備えていることを特徴とする切削加工装置。2. A headstock having a spindle arranged on a bed and driven to rotate by a spindle motor, a chuck mounted on the tip of the spindle for gripping a work, and a spindle axis provided on the bed. And a tool head having three-degrees of freedom of sliding in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the tool head, and the tool head is pivotably supported by the tool head and has a linear shape at the tip end so as to have an axis perpendicular to the work axis. A tool for turning with a cutting edge is attached, and the tool spindle that can be swiveled around its axis by the operation of the swivel drive means, and the state of deposits attached to the cutting edge during cutting is detected. And the detection result of the above-mentioned detection means, the length of the part to be cut of the work, and the position of the part to be cut intermittently due to the discontinuity of the part to be cut. An arithmetic processing unit for calculating the movement path of the tool or the inclination angle of the tool based on the length, and a control means for controlling the movement path of the tool head or the inclination angle of the tool in response to an instruction from the arithmetic processing means. A cutting device comprising:
切削加工方法であって、 ワークの切削を繰り返し行うにあたり、一回の加工を終
える度に工具切れ刃に付着する付着物の分布状態を検出
するとともに該検出結果に基づいて工具の移動経路を演
算し、次の加工の際にその都度工具の移動経路を変更し
て加工することを特徴とする切削加工方法。3. A cutting method using the cutting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the distribution of deposits adhering to the tool cutting edge each time one machining is finished when the workpiece is repeatedly cut. A cutting method which detects a state and calculates a movement path of a tool based on the detection result, and changes the movement path of the tool each time the next processing is performed.
切削加工方法であって、 円筒状ワークの接線方向に工具を移動させて切削する第
１切削工程と、この第１切削工程の切削終了位置から最
初の工具移動方向とは逆方向に工具を移動させながらワ
ーク軸線方向にも移動させて切削する第２切削工程とを
含んでいて、これら第１，第２の切削工程を交互に繰り
返しながら加工を行うことを特徴とする切削加工方法。4. A cutting method using the cutting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a first cutting step of moving a tool in a tangential direction of a cylindrical work to perform cutting, and a first cutting step of the first cutting step. It includes a second cutting process in which the tool is moved in the opposite direction to the first tool moving direction from the cutting end position and also moved in the workpiece axis direction for cutting, and these first and second cutting processes are alternately performed. A cutting method characterized by performing processing while repeating the above.
タにより回転駆動されるスピンドルを有するヘッドスト
ックと、 上記スピンドルの先端に装着されてワークを把持するチ
ャックと、 上記ベッド上に設けられ、スピンドル軸線と平行な方向
を含む直交３軸のスライド自由度を有する工具ヘッド
と、 軸心がワーク軸線に対して平行となるように上記工具ヘ
ッドに回転可能に支持されるとともに、回転駆動手段の
作動によりその軸心周りに回転可能な工具スピンドル
と、 工具スピンドルの先端に装着されて、円筒形状の工具本
体の外周面にほぼ一周にわたり螺旋状の切れ刃が形成さ
れた中ぐり用の工具と、 を備えていて、 ワーク内周面に工具切れ刃を切り込ませて、ワーク回転
方向と同方向もしくは逆方向にその工具を回転させなが
ら切削するものであることを特徴とする切削加工装置。5. A headstock having a spindle arranged on a bed and driven to rotate by a spindle motor, a chuck mounted on the tip of the spindle for gripping a work, and a spindle axis line provided on the bed. A tool head having three-degrees of freedom of sliding orthogonal to each other including a direction parallel to, and rotatably supported by the tool head so that its axis is parallel to the work axis, and by the operation of the rotation driving means. A tool spindle that can rotate around its axis, and a boring tool that is attached to the tip of the tool spindle and has a spiral cutting edge formed on the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical tool body for almost one full turn. It is equipped with a tool cutting edge on the inner peripheral surface of the work piece and cuts while rotating the tool in the same direction as the work rotation direction or in the opposite direction. A cutting device characterized by being
切削加工方法であって、 ワークのうち円周方向で被切削面が不連続となっている
部位について断続切削を行った後に、同じ工具を用いて
円筒状の被切削面について連続切削を行うことを特徴と
する切削加工方法。6. A cutting method using the cutting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein after intermittent cutting is performed on a portion of the workpiece where the surface to be cut is discontinuous in the circumferential direction, A cutting method characterized by performing continuous cutting on a cylindrical surface to be cut using the same tool.
具センタを相対回転可能に設けて、工具を両持ち支持し
た状態で加工を行うようになっていることを特徴とする
請求項５に記載の切削加工装置。7. The chuck according to claim 5, wherein a tool center for supporting the tip of the tool is provided on the chuck so as to be rotatable relative to the chuck, and the tool is supported while being supported on both sides. Cutting equipment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001229363A JP3873683B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2001-07-30 | Cutting apparatus and cutting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001229363A JP3873683B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2001-07-30 | Cutting apparatus and cutting method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003039202A true JP2003039202A (en) | 2003-02-12 |
| JP3873683B2 JP3873683B2 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
Family
ID=19061720
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001229363A Expired - Fee Related JP3873683B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2001-07-30 | Cutting apparatus and cutting method |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006349058A (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-28 | Ntn Corp | Screw groove machining method for ball screw |
| CN102490084A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-06-13 | 山东大学 | Device for evaluating and testing interrupted cutting performance of tools at high speed |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5270299B2 (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2013-08-21 | オークマ株式会社 | Combined lathe |
| KR101877201B1 (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-07-11 | 최복기 | System for processing cam shaft |
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| JPH03228506A (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1991-10-09 | Okuma Mach Works Ltd | Composite machining device incorporating tool bed which can exchange stationary and rotary tools |
| JPH0413251U (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1992-02-03 | ||
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| JP2006349058A (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-28 | Ntn Corp | Screw groove machining method for ball screw |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3873683B2 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
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