JP2002346893A - Grinding method - Google Patents
Grinding methodInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002346893A JP2002346893A JP2001147376A JP2001147376A JP2002346893A JP 2002346893 A JP2002346893 A JP 2002346893A JP 2001147376 A JP2001147376 A JP 2001147376A JP 2001147376 A JP2001147376 A JP 2001147376A JP 2002346893 A JP2002346893 A JP 2002346893A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- grinding wheel
- grinding
- workpiece
- axis
- grindstone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、主に軸対称非球面
形状を有する金型、レンズ等を研削により加工するため
の研削加工方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a grinding method for mainly processing a mold, a lens, and the like having an axisymmetric aspherical shape by grinding.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、光学レンズはレンズ成形金型を用
いて成形され、各社で量産されている。成形に用いるレ
ンズ成形金型は超精密切削及び研削加工で所望する形状
精度と表面粗さに加工される。レンズ成形金型では、光
ディスク装置の大容量化、高性能化に伴って非球面レン
ズのＮＡ（開口率）が高くなってきている。それに伴い
レンズ成形金型の窪みは深くなってきている。また、光
ディスク装置の小型化により、レンズ成形金型外形は小
さくなってきている。よって、小径、小曲率の非球面形
状を有するようになってきている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, optical lenses are molded using lens molding dies and are mass-produced by various companies. The lens molding die used for molding is processed to the desired shape accuracy and surface roughness by ultra-precision cutting and grinding. In lens molding dies, the NA (aperture ratio) of an aspherical lens has been increasing with the increase in capacity and performance of an optical disk device. Along with this, the depression of the lens molding die is becoming deeper. Also, with the miniaturization of the optical disk device, the outer shape of the lens molding die has become smaller. Therefore, it has come to have an aspherical shape with a small diameter and a small curvature.
【０００３】図７，図８は、従来の技術による研削加工
方法の一例を示す図である。FIGS. 7 and 8 show an example of a conventional grinding method.
【０００４】従来は、工作物の外形に対し所望する非球
面の近似曲率半径の比が大きい凹面の場合は、図７に示
すような被加工物１４の回転軸に砥石１６の回転軸１５
が垂直に交わる縦型方式の研削により高精度な研削加工
が可能である。しかし、非球面の加工径に対する所望す
る非球面の近似曲率半径の比が更に小さい凹面形状の工
作物を加工する場合は、工作物の最外周部と砥石軸との
干渉を避けるために軸形を細くせざるを得ず、軸剛性を
高くすることが出来ない。Conventionally, in the case of a concave surface having a large ratio of the desired approximate radius of curvature of the aspherical surface to the outer shape of the workpiece, the rotating shaft of the grindstone 16 is attached to the rotating shaft of the workpiece 14 as shown in FIG.
High precision grinding is possible by the vertical type grinding in which the vertical crosses. However, when processing a concave workpiece having a smaller ratio of the approximate radius of curvature of the desired aspheric surface to the processing diameter of the aspheric surface, in order to avoid interference between the outermost peripheral portion of the workpiece and the grinding wheel axis, the shaft shape is required. Therefore, the shaft rigidity cannot be increased.
【０００５】上記を改善するために図８に示すような砥
石１６の回転軸１５を工作物１４の回転軸に対して所定
の角度だけ傾ける方式の研削法（特開平８−２２９７９
２号公報）がある。この方法にすると、砥石１６の外径
に比べて砥石軸１５を太くすることが出来るため、軸剛
性が高くなる。しかし、砥石の移動軌跡の計算が非常に
複雑になるなどの欠点がある。In order to improve the above, a grinding method in which a rotating shaft 15 of a grindstone 16 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a rotating shaft of a workpiece 14 as shown in FIG.
No. 2). According to this method, the grindstone shaft 15 can be made thicker than the outer diameter of the grindstone 16, so that the shaft rigidity is increased. However, there is a disadvantage that the calculation of the movement locus of the grindstone becomes very complicated.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明の解決しようとする課題】上記のような図７に示
した研削加工方法では、小さく深い非球面の凹面を研削
加工するとき、砥石半径から砥石軸半径を差し引いた深
さの凹面までしか研削加工することが出来ない。In the grinding method shown in FIG. 7 as described above, when grinding a small, deep aspheric concave surface, only the concave surface having a depth obtained by subtracting the grinding wheel axis radius from the grinding wheel radius is used. Cannot be ground.
【０００７】これを解消するために、砥石軸径を細くす
ることが考えられるが、細くなりすぎると軸剛性が低く
なり、研削抵抗に砥石軸が耐えられず、図９に示すよう
に加工中に砥石１６が振れるなどの悪影響を及ぼし、所
望する形状精度と表面荒さを得ることが出来ない。To solve this problem, it is conceivable to reduce the diameter of the grindstone shaft. However, if the diameter is too small, the rigidity of the shaft decreases, and the grindstone shaft cannot withstand the grinding resistance. As a result, the whetstone 16 oscillates, and the desired shape accuracy and surface roughness cannot be obtained.
【０００８】また、図８に示すような砥石軸を工作物１
４の回転軸に対して所定の角度だけ傾ける方式の研削加
工方法では、砥石１６の回転軸１５は、図７に示す被加
工物１４の回転軸に砥石１６の回転軸１５が垂直に交わ
る縦型方式よりも太くでき、このため軸剛性は高くなる
が、図８に示すように円柱形の砥石を使用しているた
め、被加工物と砥石の接触位置の高さが非球面形状の端
と中心部では違うなど、砥石の移動軌跡が、図７の縦型
方式と異なるために計算が困難で、加工ＮＣプログラム
を作成するのが困難である。[0008] A grinding wheel shaft as shown in FIG.
In the grinding method of the method of inclining by a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation axis of No. 4, the rotation axis 15 of the grindstone 16 is a vertical axis in which the rotation axis 15 of the grindstone 16 vertically intersects with the rotation axis of the workpiece 14 shown in FIG. Although it can be thicker than the die method, the axial rigidity is increased. However, as shown in FIG. 8, since the cylindrical grinding wheel is used, the height of the contact position between the workpiece and the grinding wheel is increased by the aspherical edge. Since the movement trajectory of the grindstone is different from that in the vertical type shown in FIG.
【０００９】本発明は、このような課題を解決するため
になされたものであり、小径、小曲率の従来では加工で
きなかったレンズ成形金型を精度良く加工することを目
的とするものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and has as its object to accurately process a lens forming die having a small diameter and a small curvature, which cannot be processed by the conventional method. .
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
に、本発明は、回転軸対称な形状の被研削加工物の形状
面に対して、回転砥石を相対的に移動させ上記形状面を
凹の非球面に研削加工する研削加工方法において、回転
砥石の回転中心軸を被研削加工物の回転中心軸に対して
所定の角度だけ傾け、球形状もしくは球形状の所定範囲
だけを有するＲ形状に加工された前記回転砥石の先端部
を、被研削加工物の形状面に相対的に移動させて研削加
工するようにしたことを特徴とする研削加工方法であ
る。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention relates to a method of moving a rotary grindstone relatively to a surface of a workpiece to be ground having a shape symmetrical with respect to a rotational axis, and In a grinding method for grinding into a concave aspheric surface, a rotation center axis of a rotary grindstone is inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to a rotation center axis of a workpiece to be ground, and an R shape having only a spherical shape or a predetermined range of a spherical shape. The grinding method is characterized in that a tip portion of the rotary grindstone machined in a predetermined manner is moved relatively to a shape surface of a workpiece to be ground to perform grinding.
【００１１】また、上記した砥石の回転中心軸上に砥石
先端部の球形状もしくは球形状の所定範囲だけを有する
Ｒ形状の中心があり、前記中心から砥石と被研削加工物
の接点までの距離が一定であることを特徴とする。Further, there is a spherical center of the tip of the grinding wheel or an R-shaped center having only a predetermined range of the spherical shape on the center axis of rotation of the grinding wheel, and a distance from the center to a contact point between the grinding wheel and the workpiece to be ground. Is constant.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は本発明の研削加工方法の一
実施形態を示すものである。加工機主軸の回転軸１が図
１のように配置され、前記加工機主軸の回転軸１に平行
に加工機Z軸テーブル２を配置し、加工機Ｚ軸テーブル
２上に回転軸１に垂直に加工機Ｘ軸テーブル３が配置さ
れている。加工機Ｘ軸テーブル３上に垂直となるように
砥石スピンドルホルダ４が配置され、砥石スピンドルホ
ルダ４には任意の角度５で砥石スピンドル６が固定され
ており、上下移動機構７により上下位置調整が行える。
砥石スピンドルホルダ４には電着砥石８を固定してい
る。この電着砥石８を被加工物（レンズ成形金型など）
１２に対して図２のように所定の角度だけ傾斜配置し
て、図１に示す装置形態の如くセットする。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a grinding method according to the present invention. A rotating shaft 1 of a processing machine main shaft is arranged as shown in FIG. A processing machine X-axis table 3 is arranged in the table. A grindstone spindle holder 4 is arranged vertically on the X-axis table 3 of the processing machine, and a grindstone spindle 6 is fixed to the grindstone spindle holder 4 at an arbitrary angle 5. I can do it.
An electrodeposition grindstone 8 is fixed to the grindstone spindle holder 4. This electrodeposited whetstone 8 is used as a workpiece (such as a lens forming die).
As shown in FIG. 2, the device 12 is set at a predetermined angle with respect to the device 12 and set as shown in FIG.
【００１３】この電着砥石８は、図４に示す装置にて、
所定の球形状に加工したものを用いた。まず、加工機の
回転軸１と、砥石先端を半球にする前の円筒状の砥石８
を回転軸の軸対称中心とが同一直線上となるように取り
付けた。そのうえで、図５に示すように、砥石経路１０
の如く砥石１３を砥石軸８に対して相対的に移動させ、
先端が球形状（所定の範囲だけを有するＲ形状）の砥石
軸８を作成した。この球形状は、図２の如く、砥石の回
転中心軸上に砥石先端部の球形状（Ｒ形状）の中心があ
り、当該中心から砥石と被研削加工物の接点までの距離
が一定（ｒ）となっている。The electrodeposited whetstone 8 is used in an apparatus shown in FIG.
One processed into a predetermined spherical shape was used. First, the rotating shaft 1 of the processing machine and the cylindrical grinding wheel 8 before the grinding wheel tip becomes a hemisphere.
Was mounted such that the axis of symmetry of the rotation axis was on the same straight line. Then, as shown in FIG.
The grindstone 13 is moved relatively to the grindstone shaft 8 as shown in FIG.
A grindstone shaft 8 having a spherical tip (R shape having only a predetermined range) was prepared. As shown in FIG. 2, the spherical shape has the center of the spherical shape (R shape) of the tip of the grinding wheel on the rotation center axis of the grinding wheel, and the distance from the center to the contact point between the grinding wheel and the workpiece to be ground is constant (r ).
【００１４】その後に、図６に示すように電着によって
前記球状の砥石軸８の表面に砥粒１１を付着させた。Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 6, abrasive grains 11 were adhered to the surface of the spherical grinding wheel shaft 8 by electrodeposition.
【００１５】このようにして得られたＲ形状の電着砥石
を用い、その回転砥石８の回転中心軸を被研削加工物１
２の回転中心軸１に対して、被加工物の研削加工形状に
応じて所定の角度だけ傾け、この砥石先端部を、被研削
加工物１２の被研削加工形状面に相対的に移動させて研
削加工する。Using the R-shaped electrodeposited grinding wheel obtained in this way, the rotation center axis of the rotating grinding wheel 8 is adjusted to the workpiece 1 to be ground.
2 is tilted by a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation center axis 1 according to the grinding shape of the workpiece, and the tip of the grinding wheel is moved relative to the grinding surface of the workpiece 12. Grinding.
【００１６】図３は、加工機主軸の回転軸に砥石の回転
軸が垂直に交わる縦型方式の加工ＮＣプログラムの加工
経路９を示しているが、本実施形態においてもこの経路
９と同一の経路にて相対移動させて、加工物（例えばレ
ンズ成形金型）の加工を行った。FIG. 3 shows a machining path 9 of a vertical machining NC program in which the rotation axis of the grindstone intersects perpendicularly with the rotation axis of the main shaft of the processing machine. A workpiece (for example, a lens molding die) was processed by relative movement along a path.
【００１７】以上のようにして被加工物を研削加工する
ことにより、砥石軸を太くして剛性を高めながらも、従
来の縦型方式と同様の加工ＮＣプログラムを使用して加
工することができ、レンズ成形金型などの被加工物の精
度良い研削加工が可能となり、生産性効率が向上する。By grinding the workpiece as described above, it is possible to use the same machining NC program as in the conventional vertical method, while increasing the rigidity by making the grindstone shaft thicker. In addition, it is possible to perform highly accurate grinding of a workpiece such as a lens molding die, thereby improving productivity efficiency.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明は、砥石回転軸を
金型などの工作物回転軸に対して所定の角度だけ傾け、
かつ球形状もしくは球形状の所定範囲だけを有するＲ形
状に加工された先端部を有する回転砥石にて研削加工す
ることにより、砥石軸を太くして砥石軸の剛性を高めな
がらも、回転軸に砥石の回転軸が垂直に交わる縦型方式
と同様の加工ＮＣプログラムにて被研削加工物を研削加
工することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, the grindstone rotating shaft is inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the rotating shaft of a workpiece such as a mold,
And by grinding with a rotating grindstone having a spherical shape or an R-shaped tip having only a predetermined range of the spherical shape, while increasing the rigidity of the grindstone shaft by thickening the grindstone shaft, The workpiece to be ground can be ground by the same processing NC program as in the vertical type in which the rotation axes of the grindstones intersect vertically.
【００１９】また、砥石の回転中心軸上に砥石先端部の
球形状（Ｒ形状）の中心があり、当該中心から砥石と被
研削加工物の接点までの距離を一定とすることにより、
砥石回転軸の傾き角度に影響されることなく、研削加工
することが可能となる。Further, the center of the spherical shape (R shape) of the tip of the grindstone is located on the rotation center axis of the grindstone, and the distance from the center to the contact point between the grindstone and the workpiece to be ground is kept constant.
Grinding can be performed without being affected by the inclination angle of the grindstone rotating shaft.
【図１】本発明の一実施形態に係る研削加工方法を実施
するための研削加工装置の構成斜視図FIG. 1 is a configuration perspective view of a grinding apparatus for performing a grinding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の研削加工方法の一実施形態を説明する
ための図FIG. 2 is a view for explaining an embodiment of the grinding method of the present invention.
【図３】本発明に係る電着砥石での斜軸加工時の砥石径
路を示すための図FIG. 3 is a view showing a grinding wheel path at the time of oblique machining with the electrodeposited grinding wheel according to the present invention.
【図４】本発明に係る電着用砥石軸を作成するための研
削加工装置の構成斜視図FIG. 4 is a configuration perspective view of a grinding apparatus for producing a grinding wheel shaft for electrodeposition according to the present invention.
【図５】本発明に係る電着用砥石軸作成時の砥石加工経
路を示すための図FIG. 5 is a view showing a grinding wheel machining path when creating a grinding wheel axis for electrodeposition according to the present invention.
【図６】本発明に係る電着砥石を示す図FIG. 6 is a view showing an electrodeposition grindstone according to the present invention.
【図７】従来の研削加工方法を説明するための図FIG. 7 is a view for explaining a conventional grinding method.
【図８】他の従来の研削加工方法を説明するための図FIG. 8 is a view for explaining another conventional grinding method.
【図９】図７の研削加工方法による課題を説明するため
の図FIG. 9 is a view for explaining a problem caused by the grinding method of FIG. 7;
１ 加工機主軸の回転軸 ２ 加工機Ｚ軸テーブル ３ 加工機Ｘ軸テーブル ４ 砥石スピンドルホルダ ５ スピンドルホルダ傾け角 ６ 砥石スピンドル ７ スピンドルホルダ上下移動機構 ８ 電着砥石 ９ 斜軸加工時の砥石経路 １０ 電着砥石軸作成用の砥石経路 １１ 砥粒 １２ 被加工物 １３ 砥石 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotating axis of processing machine main spindle 2 Processing machine Z-axis table 3 Processing machine X-axis table 4 Grinding wheel spindle holder 5 Spindle holder tilt angle 6 Grinding wheel spindle 7 Spindle holder up and down moving mechanism 8 Electroplated grinding wheel 9 Grinding wheel path for oblique axis processing 10 Grinding wheel path for making electrodeposition grinding wheel axis 11 Abrasive grains 12 Workpiece 13 Grindstone
Claims (2)
面に対して、回転砥石を相対的に移動させ上記形状面を
凹の非球面に研削加工する研削加工方法において、 前記回転砥石の回転中心軸を前記被研削加工物の回転中
心軸に対して所定の角度だけ傾け、球形状もしくは球形
状の所定範囲だけを有するＲ形状に加工された前記回転
砥石の先端部を、前記被研削加工物の形状面に相対的に
移動させて研削加工するようにしたことを特徴とする研
削加工方法。1. A grinding method in which a rotating grindstone is relatively moved with respect to a shape surface of a workpiece to be ground having a shape symmetrical with respect to a rotation axis to grind the shape surface into a concave aspheric surface. The rotation center axis of the grinding wheel is tilted by a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation center axis of the workpiece to be ground, and the tip of the rotary grindstone processed into a spherical shape or an R shape having only a predetermined range of the spherical shape is attached to the grinding wheel. A grinding method, characterized in that a grinding process is performed by moving the workpiece relative to a shape surface of a grinding product.
部の球形状もしくは前記球形状の所定範囲だけを有する
Ｒ形状の中心があり、前記中心から前記砥石と前記被研
削加工物の接点までの距離が一定であることを特徴とす
る請求項１記載の研削加工方法。2. A spherical center of the tip of the grinding wheel or an R-shaped center having only a predetermined range of the spherical shape on a rotation center axis of the grinding wheel, and a contact point of the grinding wheel and the workpiece to be ground from the center. 2. The grinding method according to claim 1, wherein the distance to the ground is constant.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001147376A JP2002346893A (en) | 2001-05-17 | 2001-05-17 | Grinding method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001147376A JP2002346893A (en) | 2001-05-17 | 2001-05-17 | Grinding method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002346893A true JP2002346893A (en) | 2002-12-04 |
Family
ID=18992873
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001147376A Pending JP2002346893A (en) | 2001-05-17 | 2001-05-17 | Grinding method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2002346893A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117863043A (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-04-12 | 山东永文纸业有限公司 | Grinding equipment for machining conical shaft heads of rollers of paper machine |
-
2001
- 2001-05-17 JP JP2001147376A patent/JP2002346893A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117863043A (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-04-12 | 山东永文纸业有限公司 | Grinding equipment for machining conical shaft heads of rollers of paper machine |
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