JP2002139851A - Positive electrification type electrophotographic organic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Positive electrification type electrophotographic organic photoreceptor

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Publication number
JP2002139851A
JP2002139851A JP2000336153A JP2000336153A JP2002139851A JP 2002139851 A JP2002139851 A JP 2002139851A JP 2000336153 A JP2000336153 A JP 2000336153A JP 2000336153 A JP2000336153 A JP 2000336153A JP 2002139851 A JP2002139851 A JP 2002139851A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
organic photoreceptor
photosensitive
photosensitive layer
positively charged
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2000336153A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Youjirou Satou
謡次郎 佐藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kyocera Corp
Original Assignee
Kyocera Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kyocera Corp filed Critical Kyocera Corp
Priority to JP2000336153A priority Critical patent/JP2002139851A/en
Publication of JP2002139851A publication Critical patent/JP2002139851A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a positive electrification type electrophotographic organic photoreceptor that suppresses the deterioration of its sensitivity caused by the reduction of film thickness due to mechanical wear. SOLUTION: In a distributed positive electrification type organic photoreceptor obtained by disposing a photosensitive layer containing an electric charge generating material, an electron transferring material and a hole transferring material on an electrically conductive substrate 1, photosensitive layers 2, 3, 4 different from one another in sensitivity are disposed.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明はプリンタ、複写機、
ファクシミリ等に使用される電子写真用正帯電有機感光
体に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a printer, a copying machine,
The present invention relates to a positively charged organic photoconductor for electrophotography used for facsimile and the like.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来より、電子写真用感光体は、導電性
基体上に少なくとも光導電機能を有する感光層を設けて
構成される。このうち、感光層の電荷の発生や輸送を担
う機能成分として有機化合物を利用する有機感光体(O
PC)では、電荷発生の機能を有する層と、電荷輸送の
機能を有する層とに機能分離した各層が積層されてなる
感光層を備えた積層型OPCと、これらの機能を合わせ
て持つ単一層の感光層を備えた単層型OPCが知られて
いる。この従来の単層型OPCは、図5に示すように、
導体性基体11上に1層の感光層12が形成された状態
となっている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an electrophotographic photoconductor is provided by providing a photosensitive layer having at least a photoconductive function on a conductive substrate. Among them, an organic photoreceptor (O) using an organic compound as a functional component for generating and transporting electric charge of the photosensitive layer.
PC), a laminated OPC having a photosensitive layer in which layers separated into a layer having a charge generation function and a layer having a charge transport function is stacked, and a single layer having these functions combined A single-layer type OPC having a photosensitive layer is known. As shown in FIG. 5, this conventional single-layer OPC is
In this state, one photosensitive layer 12 is formed on the conductive substrate 11.

【0003】この単層型OPCは、積層型OPCがほと
んど負帯電で用いられるのに対し、一般に有機物が負電
荷を輸送しにくいことから正帯電のドラムとして好適で
あることが知られている。
It is known that this single-layer type OPC is suitable as a positively-charged drum because organic substances generally do not easily transport negative charges, whereas laminated-type OPCs are mostly used with negative charges.

【0004】正帯電の単層型OPCは、正のコロナ放電
が行われることになり、負のコロナ放電が行われた場合
と比較してオゾンの発生量が少ないという利点がある。
また、単層であることから生産性が高くコスト的にも有
利である。
[0004] Positively charged single-layer type OPC has the advantage that a positive corona discharge is performed, and the amount of generated ozone is smaller than when a negative corona discharge is performed.
Moreover, since it is a single layer, productivity is high and cost is also advantageous.

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、従来の単層
型のOPCでは、長期にわたって使用すると機械的摩耗
によって膜厚低下が発生する。このように、膜厚が低下
すると膜の静電容量が増加しドラム表面の電荷密度が増
加する。また、膜厚低下によって電荷発生材の絶対量も
減少することから、表面電荷を消滅させるだけの充分な
電荷を発生させることができない。
However, in the conventional single-layer type OPC, when used for a long time, the film thickness is reduced due to mechanical wear. As described above, when the film thickness decreases, the capacitance of the film increases, and the charge density on the drum surface increases. Further, since the absolute amount of the charge generating material is also reduced by the decrease in the film thickness, it is not possible to generate a sufficient charge for extinguishing the surface charge.

【0006】このことから、単層型のOPCでは、膜が
減少した状態でのドラム表面電位を半減させるための光
エネルギーが初期に比べて多く必要となる感度劣化が発
生するという問題があった。
For this reason, in the single-layer type OPC, there is a problem in that the sensitivity is deteriorated, which requires more light energy than in the initial stage to reduce the drum surface potential in half with the film reduced. .

【0007】[0007]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記問題に鑑
みてなされたものであり、導体基板上に、電荷発生材と
電子輸送材および正孔輸送材を樹脂バインダー中に分散
させた感光層を設けてなる分散型の電子写真用正帯電有
機感光体において、少なくとも二つ以上の光感度の異な
る感光層を持つ電子写真用正帯電有機感光体としたもの
である。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems. A dispersion-type positively charged organic photoconductor for electrophotography comprising a layer, wherein the positively charged organic photoconductor for electrophotography has at least two or more photosensitive layers having different photosensitivity.

【0008】より具体的には、例えば、入射光の透過深
さより大きい電荷発生材添加量の異なる感光層を少なく
とも二つ以上設け、各感光層の樹脂バインダーに対する
電荷発生材の添加量が導体基板上の層から表面層にかけ
て少なくなるように配置したり、電荷発生材の種類を変
えて光感度の差を設けるようにすればよい。
More specifically, for example, at least two or more photosensitive layers having different charge generation material addition amounts larger than the penetration depth of incident light are provided, and the addition amount of the charge generation material to the resin binder of each photosensitive layer is increased. It may be arranged so as to decrease from the upper layer to the surface layer, or the difference in photosensitivity may be provided by changing the type of the charge generating material.

【0009】このような構成により、長期にわたって使
用しても感度劣化の発生しない耐久性に優れた分散型の
正帯電有機感光体となる。
With such a configuration, a dispersion-type positively charged organic photoreceptor excellent in durability without deterioration in sensitivity even when used for a long time is obtained.

【0010】[0010]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施例を図面を用
いて説明する。図1は、本発明の正帯電有機感光体の層
構成を示す概念的断面図である。図1に示すように、感
光体は、導電性基体1と、その上に設けられた3層の感
光層2,3,4からなる。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing a layer structure of a positively charged organic photoreceptor of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate 1 and three photosensitive layers 2, 3, and 4 provided thereon.

【0011】導電性基体1としては、アルミニウムなど
の各種金属製円筒や導電性プラスチック製フィルムなど
を用いることができる。また、透明基体としては、ガラ
スやアクリル,ポリアミド,ポリエチレンテレフタレー
トなどの成形体やシート材などに透明電極を付与したも
のを用いることができる。
As the conductive substrate 1, various metallic cylinders such as aluminum, conductive plastic films, and the like can be used. Further, as the transparent substrate, a molded body such as glass, acrylic, polyamide, or polyethylene terephthalate, or a sheet material provided with a transparent electrode can be used.

【0012】感光層2,3,4は、主として、電荷発生
材,電荷輸送材とこれらを分散含有する樹脂バインダー
からなる。電荷発生材としては、各種フタロシアニン化
合物,アゾ化合物,多環キノン化合物,およびこれらの
誘導体を用いることができる。電荷輸送材は、正孔輸送
材としては各種ヒドラゾン,スチリル,ジアミン,ブタ
ジエン,インドール化合物,およびこれらの混合物が用
いられ、電子輸送材としては各種ベンゾキノン誘導体,
フェナントレンキノン誘導体,スチルベンキノン誘導体
などが用いられる。
The photosensitive layers 2, 3, and 4 mainly comprise a charge generating material, a charge transporting material, and a resin binder containing these in a dispersed manner. As the charge generating material, various phthalocyanine compounds, azo compounds, polycyclic quinone compounds, and derivatives thereof can be used. As the charge transport material, various hydrazones, styryl, diamine, butadiene, indole compounds, and mixtures thereof are used as the hole transport material, and various benzoquinone derivatives,
Phenanthrenequinone derivatives, stilbenequinone derivatives and the like are used.

【0013】感光層2,3,4の樹脂バインダーとして
は、膜強度ならびに耐刷性の面でポリカーボネートが現
在最も優れた材料系として広く実用に供されている。こ
のようなポリカーボネートとしては、ビスフェノールA
型,ビスフェノールZ型などおよび各種共重合体が挙げ
られる。かかるポリカーボネート樹脂の最適平均分子量
範囲は、1万〜10万である。この他には、ポリエチレ
ン,ポリフェニレンエーテルアクリル,ポリエステル,
ポリアミド,ポリウレタン,エポキシ,ポリビニルブチ
ラール,ポリビニルアセタール,フェノキシ樹脂,シリ
コーン樹脂,アクリル樹脂,塩化ビニル樹脂,塩化ビニ
リデン樹脂,酢酸ビニル樹脂,ホルマール樹脂,セルロ
ース樹脂,またはこれらの共重合体,およびこれらのハ
ロゲン化物やシアノエチル化合物を用いることができ
る。また、感光層2,3,4には、この他に酸化防止材
などを含有させることができる。
As a resin binder for the photosensitive layers 2, 3, and 4, polycarbonate is widely and practically used as the most excellent material system at present in terms of film strength and printing durability. Such polycarbonates include bisphenol A
Type, bisphenol Z type, and various copolymers. The optimum average molecular weight range of such a polycarbonate resin is 10,000 to 100,000. In addition, polyethylene, polyphenylene ether acrylic, polyester,
Polyamide, polyurethane, epoxy, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, phenoxy resin, silicone resin, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinylidene chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, formal resin, cellulose resin, or copolymers thereof, and halogens thereof. Or a cyanoethyl compound. The photosensitive layers 2, 3, and 4 may further contain an antioxidant and the like.

【0014】これらの材料を用いて、導電性基体1上
に、例えば塗布法により、感光層2,3,4を形成し、
高速応答性,高寿命の優れた電子写真用正帯電型有機感
光体を得ることができる。
Using these materials, the photosensitive layers 2, 3, and 4 are formed on the conductive substrate 1 by, for example, a coating method.
It is possible to obtain a positively chargeable organic photoreceptor for electrophotography having excellent high-speed response and long life.

【0015】次に、具体的な実施例について説明する。Next, a specific embodiment will be described.

【0016】実施例として導電性基体1にアルミニウム
合金(JIS 3003)円筒の外表面を切削加工によ
り表面粗さが中心線平均粗さRa で0.1μm以下とな
るように仕上げたものを用い、この上に、樹脂バインダ
ーとしてビスフェノールZ型ポリカーボネート(帝人
(株)製;TS2050)を用い、電荷発生材として無
金属フタロシアニン(結晶形χ型)とチタニルフタロシ
アニン(結晶形Y型)を重量比で1:1に混合したもの
が濃度1.5重量%、正孔輸送材として図2に示すよう
な具体例1の材料が濃度25重量%、電子輸送材として
図3に示すような具体例2の材料が濃度15重量%、酸
化防止材が濃度5重量%、残部が樹脂の組成となるよう
に混合分散させた材料を導体基体上に浸漬塗布法で塗布
して、膜厚10μmの感光層2を形成した。
As an example, a conductive substrate 1 was used in which the outer surface of an aluminum alloy (JIS 3003) cylinder was finished by cutting so that the surface roughness was 0.1 μm or less in center line average roughness Ra. A bisphenol Z type polycarbonate (TS2050, manufactured by Teijin Limited) is used as a resin binder, and a metal-free phthalocyanine (crystal type III) and a titanyl phthalocyanine (crystal type Y type) are used as a charge generating material in a weight ratio of 1%. : 1.5% by weight as a mixture of 1: 1; 25% by weight of the material of Example 1 as shown in FIG. 2 as the hole transporting material; and 25% by weight of the material of Example 2 as shown in FIG. 3 as the electron transporting material. A material having a concentration of 15% by weight, an antioxidant having a concentration of 5% by weight, and the remainder mixed and dispersed so as to have a resin composition is applied on a conductive substrate by a dip coating method to form a film having a thickness of 10 μm. To form a layer 2.

【0017】次に、感光層の電荷発生材の濃度を1.0
%、と変えたこと以外は、感光層2と同様にして混合分
散させた材料を感光層2上に浸漬塗布法で塗布して、感
光層3を得た。
Next, the concentration of the charge generating material in the photosensitive layer is adjusted to 1.0
%, A material mixed and dispersed in the same manner as in the photosensitive layer 2 was applied onto the photosensitive layer 2 by a dip coating method to obtain a photosensitive layer 3.

【0018】さらに、感光層の電荷発生材の濃度を0.
9%、と変えたこと以外は、感光層2と同様にして混合
分散させた材料を感光層3上に浸漬塗布法で塗布して、
総膜厚30μmの図1に示す感光体を得た。
Further, the concentration of the charge generating material in the photosensitive layer is adjusted to 0.1.
A material mixed and dispersed in the same manner as in the photosensitive layer 2 except that it was changed to 9%, was coated on the photosensitive layer 3 by a dip coating method.
A photoconductor shown in FIG. 1 having a total film thickness of 30 μm was obtained.

【0019】また、比較例として感光層の電荷発生材の
濃度を1.0%、正孔輸送材として図2に示す具体例1
の材料が濃度25重量%、電子輸送材として図3に示す
具体例2の材料が濃度15重量%、酸化防止材が濃度5
重量%、残部が樹脂の組成となるように混合分散させた
材料を導体基体11上に浸漬塗布法で塗布して、膜厚3
0μmの感光層12を形成し図5に示す感光体を得た。
As a comparative example, the concentration of the charge generating material in the photosensitive layer was 1.0%, and a specific example shown in FIG.
The material of Example 2 has a concentration of 25% by weight, the material of Example 2 shown in FIG.
A material mixed and dispersed so as to have a resin composition by weight% and the remainder being a resin composition is applied on the conductor base 11 by a dip coating method to form a film having a thickness of 3%.
A photosensitive layer 12 having a thickness of 0 μm was formed to obtain a photosensitive member shown in FIG.

【0020】以上のようにして作製した実施例、比較例
の各感光体の特性を評価する。評価は、帯電機構,露光
機構,除電機構を備えたレーザービームプリンタに各感
光体を搭載し、常温常湿(温度20℃,相対湿度50
%)の雰囲気下で実施した。初期帯電電位を400Vに
設定した後、波長780nmの単色レーザー光の光量を
変えながら露光し、初期帯電電位が半分になる露光量
(半減露光量)を測定する。この評価を初期状態(膜厚
30μm)で行ない、さらにA4サイズ紙で印字して膜
厚を減少させ、各膜厚での半減露光量の測定を行った。
また、この評価において膜厚30μmから膜厚10μm
至るまでの間、A4サイズ紙20万枚相当分の印字が必
要であった。結果は、図4に示す。
The characteristics of the photoconductors of Examples and Comparative Examples manufactured as described above are evaluated. The evaluation was performed by mounting each photoconductor on a laser beam printer equipped with a charging mechanism, an exposure mechanism, and a static elimination mechanism, and at room temperature and normal humidity (temperature: 20 ° C., relative humidity: 50).
%). After setting the initial charging potential to 400 V, exposure is performed while changing the amount of monochromatic laser light having a wavelength of 780 nm, and the exposure amount at which the initial charging potential is reduced by half (half exposure amount) is measured. This evaluation was performed in the initial state (thickness: 30 μm). Further, printing was performed on A4 size paper to reduce the thickness, and the half-exposure amount at each film thickness was measured.
In this evaluation, the film thickness was from 30 μm to 10 μm.
Until that time, printing equivalent to 200,000 sheets of A4 size paper was required. The results are shown in FIG.

【0021】図4から判るように、比較例では膜厚の低
下に伴い半減露光量が増加しているが、実施例では膜厚
低下に伴う半減露光量の変化は軽微となっている。
As can be seen from FIG. 4, in the comparative example, the half-exposure amount increases as the film thickness decreases, but in the embodiment, the change in the half-exposure amount according to the film thickness decrease is small.

【0022】なお、本実施例では、電荷発生材の添加量
をそれぞれ異ならせて(上層にいくほど少なくして)3
層の感光層2,3,4を形成させる場合について説明し
たが、2層の感光層、あるいは4層以上の感光層を形成
させた場合でも同様の効果を得ることができる。また、
二以上の感光層を形成するのに、電荷発生材の種類をそ
れぞれ異ならせ、下層にいくほど電荷発生高率を高くす
ることにより、同様の効果を得ることができる。
In this embodiment, the amount of the charge generating material to be added is different from each other (the amount of the charge generating material is reduced toward the upper layer).
Although the case where the photosensitive layers 2, 3, and 4 are formed has been described, the same effect can be obtained when two photosensitive layers or four or more photosensitive layers are formed. Also,
When two or more photosensitive layers are formed, the same effect can be obtained by using different types of charge generating materials and increasing the rate of charge generation toward lower layers.

【0023】また、本実施例では、光感度の異なる各感
光層の層厚を10μmとしたが、感光層への入射光の透
過深さより大きいければよく、これにより各感光層間で
の感度変動が小さくなる。具体的には、各層が4〜12
μm、感光層全体が15〜40μm程度であることが実
使用上好ましいものとなる。
In this embodiment, the thickness of each photosensitive layer having a different photosensitivity is set to 10 μm. Becomes smaller. Specifically, each layer has 4 to 12
It is practically preferable that the thickness of the photosensitive layer is about 15 to 40 μm.

【0024】[0024]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の電子写真
用正帯電有機感光体によれば、少なくとも二つ以上の光
感度の異なる感光層を持つことにより、長期にわたって
使用しても感度劣化の発生しない耐久性に優れた分散型
の正帯電有機感光体を提供することができる。
As described above, according to the positively charged organic photoreceptor for electrophotography of the present invention, by having at least two or more photosensitive layers having different photosensitivities, the sensitivity is deteriorated even when used for a long time. It is possible to provide a dispersion-type positively charged organic photoreceptor excellent in durability and free from occurrence of odor.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の正帯電有機感光体の構造を表した模式
図である。
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the structure of a positively charged organic photoreceptor of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の正帯電有機感光体に用いる正孔輸送材
の材料を表した図である。
FIG. 2 is a view showing a material of a hole transporting material used for a positively charged organic photoreceptor of the present invention.

【図3】本発明の正帯電有機感光体に用いる電子輸送材
の材料を表した図である。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing materials of an electron transporting material used for a positively charged organic photoreceptor of the present invention.

【図4】本発明の正帯電有機感光体と従来の正帯電有機
感光体とを比較した表である。
FIG. 4 is a table comparing a positively charged organic photoreceptor of the present invention with a conventional positively charged organic photoreceptor.

【図5】従来の正帯電有機感光体の構造を表した模式図
である。
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a conventional positively charged organic photoreceptor.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1,11:導体性基体 2,3,4,12:感光層 1, 11: conductive substrate 2, 3, 4, 12: photosensitive layer

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】導体基板上に、電荷発生材と電子輸送材お
よび正孔輸送材を樹脂バインダー中に分散させた感光層
を設けてなる分散型の電子写真用正帯電有機感光体にお
いて、少なくとも二つ以上の光感度の異なる感光層を持
つことを特徴とする電子写真用正帯電有機感光体。
1. A dispersion-type positively charged organic photoconductor for electrophotography, comprising a photosensitive layer in which a charge generating material, an electron transporting material and a hole transporting material are dispersed in a resin binder on a conductive substrate. A positively charged organic photoreceptor for electrophotography, comprising at least two photosensitive layers having different photosensitivity.
【請求項2】前記感光層は、電荷発生材の添加量をそれ
ぞれ異ならせて少なくとも二つ以上の光感度の異なる感
光層を形成させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電子
写真用正帯電有機感光体。
2. The positive charge for electrophotography according to claim 1, wherein said photosensitive layer is formed by forming at least two or more photosensitive layers having different photosensitivities by respectively adding different amounts of a charge generating material. Organic photoreceptor.
【請求項3】前記感光層は、電荷発生材の種類をそれぞ
れ異ならせて少なくとも二つ以上の光感度の異なる感光
層を形成させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電子写
真用正帯電有機感光体。
3. The positively charged organic electrophotographic device according to claim 1, wherein said photosensitive layer is formed by different types of charge generating materials to form at least two or more photosensitive layers having different photosensitivities. Photoconductor.
【請求項4】光感度の異なる各感光層の層厚は、感光層
への入射光の透過深さより大きいことを特徴とする請求
項1記載の電子写真用正帯電有機感光体。
4. The positively charged organic photoreceptor for electrophotography according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of each of the photosensitive layers having different photosensitivity is larger than the penetration depth of light incident on the photosensitive layer.
JP2000336153A 2000-11-02 2000-11-02 Positive electrification type electrophotographic organic photoreceptor Pending JP2002139851A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000336153A JP2002139851A (en) 2000-11-02 2000-11-02 Positive electrification type electrophotographic organic photoreceptor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2002139851A true JP2002139851A (en) 2002-05-17

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Family Applications (1)

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Country Status (1)

Country Link
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9551945B2 (en) 2015-02-19 2017-01-24 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
US9811010B2 (en) 2015-08-19 2017-11-07 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9551945B2 (en) 2015-02-19 2017-01-24 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
US9811010B2 (en) 2015-08-19 2017-11-07 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

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