JP2002069507A - Method for manufacturing metal article, apparatus thereof, and laser beam condensing unit - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing metal article, apparatus thereof, and laser beam condensing unitInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002069507A JP2002069507A JP2000266043A JP2000266043A JP2002069507A JP 2002069507 A JP2002069507 A JP 2002069507A JP 2000266043 A JP2000266043 A JP 2000266043A JP 2000266043 A JP2000266043 A JP 2000266043A JP 2002069507 A JP2002069507 A JP 2002069507A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- laser beam
- metal powder
- metal
- energy
- laser light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、レーザ光の照射に
より三次元形状の物品を金属粉から造形する新規な金属
物品の製造方法及びその装置並びにレーザ光集光装置に
関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel metal article manufacturing method and apparatus for forming a three-dimensional article from metal powder by irradiating a laser beam, and a laser beam focusing apparatus.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、レーザを用いた金属部材溶接で
は、溶接精度、溶接強度を向上するべく溶接前後に行う
予熱あるいは後熱処理をレーザ光を用いて行うことが知
られている（特開昭61-92792号公報）。レーザビームを
集光し、金属等の加工対象物に照射し、加工対象物とレ
ーザビームを相対的に移動させることで溶接等の加工を
行うことができるが、レーザビームの集光径が小さいほ
ど加工対象物に過大の局所的加熱が生じ、被加工物に歪
み等の変形をおよぼすことがある。それを防止すること
を目的に、予め加工部周辺を加熱しておき加工部とその
周辺部との温度差を小さくしておくことが予熱工程にな
る。また、レーザビームを照射して加工した後では、加
工部以外の周辺温度が低い場合、加工部温度はそれに影
響されて低下し、溶融した金属が急激に収縮固化する。
その結果、加工対象物に歪みがおこり残留応力が発生す
る。最悪の場合には歪み等によりひび割れを起こすこと
もある。このような歪み等を開放するためには、加工部
の急激な冷却を防止するために補助加熱をしてゆるやか
な温度低下にすることが必要である。この作業が後熱の
工程である。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in metal member welding using a laser, it is known that a laser beam is used to perform preheating or postheating before and after welding in order to improve welding accuracy and welding strength (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho. No. 61-92792). Focusing the laser beam, irradiating it to the workpiece such as metal, and performing the processing such as welding by moving the laser beam relatively to the workpiece, the laser beam focusing diameter is small As the workpiece is processed, excessive local heating occurs, and the workpiece may be deformed such as distortion. For the purpose of preventing this, the preheating step is to heat the periphery of the processed portion in advance and reduce the temperature difference between the processed portion and its peripheral portion. In addition, after processing by irradiating a laser beam, when the peripheral temperature other than the processed portion is low, the processed portion temperature is affected by the temperature and decreases, and the molten metal rapidly shrinks and solidifies.
As a result, the workpiece is distorted and residual stress is generated. In the worst case, cracks may occur due to distortion or the like. In order to release such distortion or the like, it is necessary to perform auxiliary heating to gradually reduce the temperature in order to prevent rapid cooling of the processed portion. This operation is a post-heating step.
【０００３】このような予熱→溶接→後熱の工程をレー
ザ集光用レンズの光軸位置を変えることで溶接部材表面
での焦点位置を変化させて照射することにより行うよう
にしたものがある（特開平6-304772号公報）。これら
は、一つのレーザ光で予熱→溶接→後熱の工程を行うと
言う意味では大変意義があるが、溶接を行う周囲全体を
溶接工程と同時に予熱及び後熱工程を行うことについて
は考慮されていなかった。又、金属粉の溶着及び溶融技
術に関する考慮がされていなかった。There is a method in which such a process of preheating → welding → postheating is performed by changing the optical axis position of the laser condensing lens to change the focal position on the surface of the welding member and irradiating. (JP-A-6-304772). These are very significant in that the preheating → welding → postheating process is performed by one laser beam, but the preheating and postheating processes performed simultaneously with the entire welding area are considered. I didn't. Also, no consideration has been given to the welding and melting techniques of metal powder.
【０００４】特開昭62-40991号公報には、レーザ溶接に
おいて、溶接する部分とその周囲の低エネルギー領域と
に分けて照射する方法が示されている。Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-40991 discloses a method of irradiating a laser beam in a laser welding portion and a low energy region around the portion to be welded.
【０００５】特開平８―２８１８０７号公報には、レー
ザ光の照射によって金属粉末から３次元物体を製造する
方法及び装置が示されている。[0005] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-281807 discloses a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional object from metal powder by irradiating a laser beam.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、いずれの公報
においても、特定のレーザ光を用いた金属物品の製法に
ついては示されていないし、そのための特定のレーザ光
集光装置についても示されていない。However, none of the publications discloses a method for manufacturing a metal article using a specific laser beam, and does not disclose a specific laser beam condensing device therefor. .
【０００７】本発明の目的は、レーザ光を用いて予熱、
（溶着．溶融）、後熱を同時に行うことが出来ることに
より直接金属物品を高精度に製造できる金属物品の製造
方法及びその装置並びにレーザ光集光装置を提供するこ
とにある。An object of the present invention is to preheat by using a laser beam,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a metal article, which can directly manufacture a metal article with high precision by simultaneously performing (welding and melting) and post-heating, and a laser beam focusing apparatus.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、金属粉にレー
ザ光を照射し、前記金属粉を溶融することにより金属層
を形成する工程と、前記金属層上に前記金属粉を載置し
てレーザ光により溶融する工程を繰り返して所望の形状
の金属物品を形成する金属物品の製造方法において、前
記レーザ光を前記金属粉に対し予熱する低エネルギーレ
ーザ光と前記予熱した前記金属粉に対し溶融する高エネ
ルギーレーザ光とに分割して照射するようにしたこと、
又、前記レーザ光を前記金属粉に対し溶融する高エネル
ギーレーザ光と該高エネルギーレーザ光の外周に同心円
状に配置した低エネルギーレーザ光とに分割して照射す
るようにしたことを特徴とする金属物品の製造方法にあ
る。According to the present invention, there is provided a method of forming a metal layer by irradiating a metal powder with a laser beam and melting the metal powder, and placing the metal powder on the metal layer. A method of manufacturing a metal article having a desired shape by repeating a step of melting with a laser beam to form a metal article of a desired shape, wherein the low-energy laser beam for preheating the laser beam to the metal powder and the preheated metal powder Irradiating it by dividing it into a high-energy laser beam that melts,
Further, the laser light is divided into a high-energy laser light for melting the metal powder and a low-energy laser light concentrically arranged on the outer periphery of the high-energy laser light, and the laser light is irradiated. A method for manufacturing a metal article.
【０００９】特に、照射面において、前記低エネルギー
レーザ光を該高エネルギーレーザ光の外周全周に同心円
状にリング状又は複数の円をリング状に配置し、中心部
で最も高く、該中心部の外周に段階的に形成されたエネ
ルギー強度を有すること、又、照射面において、前記低
エネルギーレーザ光を該高エネルギーレーザ光の外周全
周に同心円状にリング状又は複数の円をリング状に配置
したこと、又、照射面において２個以上の異なった焦点
距離にして前記照射することが好ましい。Particularly, on the irradiation surface, the low-energy laser light is arranged concentrically in a ring shape or a plurality of circles around the entire outer periphery of the high-energy laser light, and the center is highest at the center, and the center is the highest. Having an energy intensity formed stepwise on the outer circumference of the high-energy laser light on the irradiation surface, the low-energy laser light is concentrically formed in a ring shape or a plurality of circles in a ring shape around the entire outer circumference of the high-energy laser light. It is preferable that the irradiation is performed with two or more different focal lengths on the irradiation surface.
【００１０】本発明は、金属粉を所望の厚さに堆積させ
る金属粉の堆積手段と、前記金属粉にレーザ光を照射
し、前記金属粉を溶融させるレーザ光照射手段と、前記
レーザ光の照射によって形成された金属層の上に所望の
厚さの前記金属粉を前記堆積手段により堆積させ前記金
属粉を前記レーザ光によって溶融させるる工程を繰り返
す制御手段とを有す金属物品の製造装置であって、前記
レーザ光照射手段は前記金属粉を予熱する低エネルギー
レーザ光と前記予熱した前記金属粉を溶融する高エネル
ギーレーザ光とに分割して照射する光学系を有するこ
と、又、前記レーザ光照射手段は前記金属粉を溶融する
高エネルギーレーザ光とその外周の全周にリング状又は
前記外周の全周複数の円をリング状に配置した低エネル
ギーレーザ光とに分割して照射する光学系を有すること
を特徴とする金属物品の製造装置にある。According to the present invention, there is provided a metal powder depositing means for depositing a metal powder to a desired thickness, a laser light irradiating means for irradiating the metal powder with a laser beam and melting the metal powder, A control unit for repeating a step of depositing the metal powder having a desired thickness on the metal layer formed by the irradiation by the deposition unit and melting the metal powder by the laser beam. Wherein the laser light irradiating means has an optical system for dividing and irradiating a low energy laser light for preheating the metal powder and a high energy laser light for melting the preheated metal powder, The laser beam irradiation means divides the laser beam into a high-energy laser beam for melting the metal powder and a low-energy laser beam in which a plurality of circles are arranged around the entire circumference of the ring or a plurality of circles around the circumference. In apparatus for manufacturing a metal article characterized by having an optical system for irradiating Te.
【００１１】特に、前記レーザ光照射手段は照射面にお
いて２つのレーザ光を同心円状に重ね合わせて金属粉に
照射する光学系を有すること、又、前記レーザ光照射手
段は２個以上の焦点距離の違うレンズを同心円状に配置
又は重ね合わせて配置したレーザ光分割光学系からなる
ことが好ましい。In particular, the laser beam irradiating means has an optical system for irradiating the metal powder with two laser beams concentrically superposed on an irradiation surface, and the laser beam irradiating means has two or more focal lengths. It is preferable to comprise a laser beam splitting optical system in which different lenses are arranged concentrically or superposed.
【００１２】更に、本発明は、高エネルギーレーザ光と
その外周の全周に同心円状にリング状又は前記外周の全
周に同心円状に複数の円をリング状に配置した低エネル
ギーレーザ光とに分割して照射する光学系を有するこ
と、又、直径の異なる２つのレンズを同心円状に重ねる
ことにより、照射面において中心部で最もエネルギーが
高く、その外周に同心円状に前記中心部よりも段階的に
エネルギーの低いレーザ光を形成する光学系を有するこ
と、又、２個以上の焦点距離の違うレンズを同心円状に
配置又は重ね合わせて配置した光学系を有することを特
徴とするレーザ光集光装置にある。Further, the present invention relates to a high-energy laser beam and a low-energy laser beam in which a plurality of circles are concentrically arranged in a ring shape concentrically around the entire circumference of the high-energy laser beam or a ring shape. By having an optical system that divides and irradiates, and by superimposing two lenses of different diameters concentrically, the energy is highest at the center on the irradiation surface, and the outer periphery is concentrically more stepwise than the center. A laser beam collector comprising: an optical system for forming a laser beam having low energy; and an optical system in which two or more lenses having different focal lengths are arranged concentrically or superposed. In the optical device.
【００１３】以上のように、本発明は、光伝送系から出
射したレーザ光を同軸上で分割する分割光学系もしくは
焦点距離が一様でない非球面レンズを有し、レーザ光を
用いて予熱、（溶着・溶融）、後熱を同時に行うことで
高精度、高強度の金属物品の製造を可能とするものであ
る。As described above, the present invention has a splitting optical system for coaxially splitting a laser beam emitted from an optical transmission system or an aspherical lens having a non-uniform focal length. By performing (welding / melting) and post-heating simultaneously, it is possible to manufacture a metal article with high precision and high strength.
【００１４】又、本発明はＲＰ（ラピッドプロトタイピ
ング）造型に関するものであり、金属での三次元造型物
の製作精度を高めることを目的とし、金属粉より三次元
の造型物を造る際に、熱源であるレーザによって造型物
が熱歪みを起こし変形量が大きくなる等の問題を解決す
るものである。Further, the present invention relates to RP (rapid prototyping) molding, and aims at increasing the production accuracy of a three-dimensional molded article made of metal. An object of the present invention is to solve the problem that a molded article is thermally distorted by a laser as a heat source and the deformation amount is increased.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は、本発明の一実施例による
三次元金属物品の製造装置の構成を示す断面図である。
レーザ装置１から出たレーザ光は光ファイバ２中を伝送
され、光ファイバ先端から図中下方に出射される。又、
光ファイバ先端部はＸ―Ｙテーブル14,15に固定されて
いる。光ファイバ先端から出射されたレーザ光はレーザ
光分割光学系５によって二つのレーザ光に分割され、そ
の一つである高エネルギーレーザ光７aは金属13の表面
で概略焦点を結ぶ。他方のレーザ光７bは金属粉13の表
面より上部で焦点を結ぶように高エネルギー光の外周の
全周に配置された低エネルギー光によって構成され、溶
融前後の予熱及び後熱を行うことができるものである。
金属粉13のレーザ光照射部への金属粉１３の供給はロー
ラ8の往復動作によって行われ、左右のケース４の中に
納められた金属粉13を金属粉供給ピストン12を押し上
げ、ローラ8を回転させながらレーザ光照射領域方向に
移動させることで厚さ0.1mm程度の金属粉の層を形成す
る。この供給された金属粉の層に選択的にレーザ光を照
射して、そのレーザ光が照射された部分のみの金属粉を
溶融または溶着させる。次に、パーツピストン9を図面
下方に下げ、金属粉供給ピストン11を押し上げてローラ
8を回転させながらレーザ光照射領域方向に移動させる
ことで再度厚さ0.1mm程度の金属粉の層を形成する。こ
の一連の動作を繰り返すことで、３次元の立体の金属物
品が得られる。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a three-dimensional metal article manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Laser light emitted from the laser device 1 is transmitted through the optical fiber 2 and emitted downward from the tip of the optical fiber in the figure. or,
The tip of the optical fiber is fixed to XY tables 14 and 15. The laser light emitted from the tip of the optical fiber is split into two laser lights by the laser light splitting optical system 5, and one of the high-energy laser lights 7 a is approximately focused on the surface of the metal 13. The other laser beam 7b is constituted by low-energy light arranged on the entire periphery of the high-energy light so as to be focused above the surface of the metal powder 13, and can perform preheating and postheating before and after melting. Things.
The supply of the metal powder 13 to the laser beam irradiation part of the metal powder 13 is performed by reciprocating operation of the roller 8, the metal powder 13 contained in the right and left cases 4 is pushed up by the metal powder supply piston 12, and the roller 8 is moved. A metal powder layer having a thickness of about 0.1 mm is formed by moving the metal powder in the direction of the laser beam irradiation area while rotating. The supplied metal powder layer is selectively irradiated with laser light, and the metal powder only in the portion irradiated with the laser light is melted or welded. Next, lower the parts piston 9 below the drawing, push up the metal powder supply piston 11 and
By moving 8 in the direction of the laser beam irradiation area while rotating 8, a layer of metal powder having a thickness of about 0.1 mm is formed again. By repeating this series of operations, a three-dimensional three-dimensional metal article is obtained.
【００１６】図２は図１に示す本発明のレーザ光分割光
学系５の詳細を示すレーザ光集光装置の断面図である。
光ファイバー２の端部はアダプター16を介してホルダー
100に取り付けられている。レーザ光１７は高いエネル
ギーレーザ光を形成する凸レンズ１８とその外周に配置
された低エネルギーレーザ光を形成する環状レンズ１９
からなるものである。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the laser beam condensing device showing details of the laser beam splitting optical system 5 of the present invention shown in FIG.
The end of the optical fiber 2 is a holder via the adapter 16
Attached to 100. The laser beam 17 is a convex lens 18 for forming a high energy laser beam and an annular lens 19 for forming a low energy laser beam disposed around the convex lens 18.
It consists of
【００１７】図３は図２の上部から金属粉13の表面を見
た場合の平面図である。又、レンズ18、19もホルダー10
1を介してホルダー100に取り付けられている。FIG. 3 is a plan view when the surface of the metal powder 13 is viewed from the upper part of FIG. Lenses 18 and 19 are also holders 10
It is attached to the holder 100 via 1.
【００１８】図４は、図２のレンズ18、19の構成を平面
図（図4a）、断面図（図4b）に示したものである。レン
ズ18は通常凸レンズであり、レンズ19は環状になつてお
り、断面は通常の凸レンズとなっている。これら２個の
レンズが同心円状に配置されている。光ファイバー２か
ら出たレーザ光17はレーザ光及び光ファイバーの特性に
よって決まる広がり角でレンズ系に入射する。レンズ18
部に入射したレーザ光束は広がり角とレンズ18の焦点距
離で決まる焦点位置である金属粉13の表面に集束され
る。一方、環状レンズ19部に入射したレーザ光束は上記
と同様に広がり角とレンズ19の焦点距離で決まる位置に
環状に集束される。今、レンズ19の焦点距離をレンズ18
の焦点距離より短く構成したとすると、その焦点位置は
金属粉13の表面より上部に位置することになり、金属粉
13の表面には焦点を通過した後の環状に広がったレーザ
光7bが金属粉13の表面の破線20で示した部分に照射され
ることなる。この様な状態で図３に示したレーザビーム
7a、7bが矢印200の方向に移動させることで選択的造型
を行う。FIG. 4 shows a plan view (FIG. 4a) and a cross-sectional view (FIG. 4b) of the structure of the lenses 18 and 19 of FIG. The lens 18 is usually a convex lens, the lens 19 is annular, and the cross section is a normal convex lens. These two lenses are arranged concentrically. The laser light 17 emitted from the optical fiber 2 enters the lens system at a spread angle determined by the characteristics of the laser light and the optical fiber. Lens 18
The laser beam incident on the portion is focused on the surface of the metal powder 13 at a focal position determined by the spread angle and the focal length of the lens 18. On the other hand, the laser beam incident on the annular lens 19 is annularly focused at a position determined by the spread angle and the focal length of the lens 19 in the same manner as described above. Now, change the focal length of lens 19 to lens 18.
Is shorter than the focal length of the metal powder 13, the focal position is located above the surface of the metal powder 13,
The surface of the metal powder 13 is irradiated with the laser light 7b that has spread in an annular shape after passing through the focal point on the surface of the metal powder 13 as indicated by the broken line 20. The laser beam shown in FIG. 3 in such a state
7a and 7b move in the direction of arrow 200 to perform selective molding.
【００１９】図５は、図２〜４におけるものと同様に、
このときの金属粉表面におけるレーザ光の強度分布を示
す。凸レンズ18で集束された高エネルギーレーザ光7aの
強度分布を20aで示し、金属粉の溶融を行うものであ
り、その周辺には環状凸レンズを通過した低エネルギー
レーザ光7bの強度分布を20bで示し、溶融前後の金属層
を予熱及び後熱を行うのに用いられる。本実施例によっ
て得られるエネルギー強度は中心部で最も高く、その外
周に段階的に形成された低エネルギーレーザ光を有し、
実際の金属粉表面におけるレーザ光強度分布はこれら20
a、20bの２個の強度分布を重ね合わせたものとなり、21
で示した強度分布となる。このような強度分布のレーザ
光で金属粉の溶融・溶着を行う場合、レーザ光の進行方
向に対して、まず強度の弱いレーザ光で予熱を行い、次
いで強度の強いところで溶融・溶着を行う。その後、そ
の周辺の強度の弱いレーザ光で後熱を行うことになる。FIG. 5 is similar to that in FIGS.
The intensity distribution of laser light on the metal powder surface at this time is shown. The intensity distribution of the high-energy laser light 7a focused by the convex lens 18 is indicated by 20a, which melts the metal powder, and the intensity distribution of the low-energy laser light 7b that has passed through the annular convex lens is indicated by 20b around the metal powder. It is used to preheat and postheat the metal layer before and after melting. The energy intensity obtained by the present embodiment is the highest at the center, and has a low-energy laser beam formed stepwise on its outer periphery,
The laser light intensity distribution on the actual metal powder surface
a, 20b are obtained by superimposing the two intensity distributions.
The intensity distribution shown by. When melting and welding the metal powder with the laser light having such an intensity distribution, preheating is performed first with a laser light having a low intensity in the traveling direction of the laser light, and then melting and welding are performed at a high intensity. Thereafter, post-heating is performed by a laser beam having a low intensity around the periphery.
【００２０】この様に1つのレーザビームを２つに分割
し、さらに重ね合わせて金属粉に照射することで予熱→
溶融・溶着→後熱の一連の造型処理が可能となることか
ら、造型時間を短縮させる効果がある。As described above, one laser beam is divided into two parts, and they are further superimposed on each other to irradiate the metal powder, thereby preheating the laser beam.
Since a series of molding processes from melting and welding to post-heating can be performed, there is an effect of shortening the molding time.
【００２１】図６は、他の実施例を示すレンズの平面図
である。この実施例は図２、図３、図4a、図4bで説明し
た前記実施例のレンズホルダー101部分のみを示してお
り、環状レンズ19に換えて通常のレンズ19aをレンズ18
の外周上の全周に複数個配置した構成になっており、図
５と同様のエネルギー分布が得られる。そのため、環状
レンズ19を使用すること無く前記実施例と同等の効果を
あげることができることから、製造容易なレンズを用い
る方法でも目的を達成できる。FIG. 6 is a plan view of a lens showing another embodiment. In this embodiment, only the lens holder 101 of the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 2, 3, 4a and 4b is shown.
And the same energy distribution as that of FIG. 5 can be obtained. Therefore, the same effects as in the above embodiment can be obtained without using the annular lens 19, and the object can be achieved even by a method using a lens that is easily manufactured.
【００２２】図７は他の実施例を示すレンズの断面図で
ある。この実施例は直径の大きさが違い、一方の面が平
らな凸レンズ22と23を張り合わせて配置した構成になっ
ている。レーザ光17がこの組み合わせレンズに入射する
と２枚のレンズが重ね合わせられた部分は２枚のレンズ
のそれぞれの焦点距離が結合された焦点距離をもつこと
になる。また、２枚のレンズが重ね合わせられていない
部分は、大きいレンズの焦点距離をもっている。このよ
うに構成されたレンズ系にレーザ光17が入射するとレン
ズ22とレンズ23が重ね合わされた部分に入射したレーザ
光束24は広がり角とレンズ22とレンズ23で結合された焦
点距離で決まる焦点位置である金属粉13の表面に集束さ
れる。一方、レンズ22とレンズ23が重ね合わせられてい
ない部分に入射したレーザ光束25は上記と同様に広がり
角とレンズ23の焦点距離で決まる位置に環状に集束され
る。今、レンズ23の焦点距離をレンズ22とレンズ23で結
合された焦点距離より長く構成したとすると、その焦点
位置は金属粉13の表面より下部に位置することになり、
金属粉13の表面には焦点を通過する前の環状に広がった
レーザ光25が照射されることなる。FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a lens showing another embodiment. This embodiment has a configuration in which convex lenses 22 and 23 having different diameters and flat surfaces on one side are stuck together. When the laser beam 17 is incident on the combination lens, the portion where the two lenses are overlapped has a focal length in which the respective focal lengths of the two lenses are combined. The portion where the two lenses are not superimposed has a large lens focal length. When the laser beam 17 is incident on the lens system configured as described above, the laser beam 24 incident on the portion where the lens 22 and the lens 23 are superimposed is a focal position determined by the spread angle and the focal length combined by the lens 22 and the lens 23. Is focused on the surface of the metal powder 13 which is On the other hand, the laser beam 25 incident on the portion where the lens 22 and the lens 23 are not overlapped is converged annularly at a position determined by the spread angle and the focal length of the lens 23 as described above. Now, if the focal length of the lens 23 is configured to be longer than the focal length combined by the lens 22 and the lens 23, the focal position will be located below the surface of the metal powder 13,
The surface of the metal powder 13 is irradiated with the laser light 25 that has spread in an annular shape before passing through the focal point.
【００２３】図８は、図７のレンズ構成によって得られ
るときの金属粉表面におけるレーザ光の強度分布を示す
線図である。組み合わせレンズで集束された最も高い強
度分布を24aで示し、レンズ23のみを通過したそれより
低く、段階的な強度を有するレーザ光の強度分布を25a
で示した。このような強度分布のレーザ光で金属粉の溶
融・溶着を行う場合、レーザ光の進行方向に対して、ま
ず強度の弱いレーザ光で予熱を行い、ついで強度の強い
ところで溶融・溶着を行う。その後、強度の弱いレーザ
光で後熱を行うことになる。この実施例によれば単純な
２枚の凸レンズを使用するだけで、二つの焦点距離の違
うレンズを構成することができることから、より簡便な
方法で予熱、溶融、後熱を行うことができる効果があ
る。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the intensity distribution of laser light on the surface of the metal powder obtained by the lens configuration of FIG. The highest intensity distribution focused by the combination lens is indicated by 24a, and the intensity distribution of the laser light having a stepwise intensity lower than that passed through only the lens 23 is indicated by 25a.
Indicated by When melting and welding metal powder with laser light having such an intensity distribution, first, preheating is performed with weak laser light in the traveling direction of the laser light, and then melting and welding are performed at a strong intensity. Thereafter, post-heating is performed with a laser beam having a low intensity. According to this embodiment, two lenses having different focal lengths can be formed only by using two simple convex lenses, so that preheating, melting, and postheating can be performed by a simpler method. There is.
【００２４】[0024]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、レーザ光を用いて直接
金属物品を高精度に製造できる。更に、レーザ分割光学
系内に焦点距離の違うレンズを２個設置するか又は焦点
距離が不定のレンズを設置するだけで、金属粉を溶融や
溶着する際の予熱及び後熱を同時に行うことができる。
このことから、構造が簡単な装置によって、高品質に金
属粉を溶融や溶着することができる等の効果が得られ
る。According to the present invention, a metal article can be directly manufactured with high precision using a laser beam. Furthermore, by installing two lenses with different focal lengths or installing a lens with an indefinite focal length in the laser splitting optical system, it is possible to simultaneously perform preheating and postheating when melting or welding metal powder. it can.
From this, it is possible to obtain effects such as melting and welding of metal powder with high quality by a device having a simple structure.
【図１】本発明の金属物品の製造装置を示す断面図。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an apparatus for manufacturing a metal article according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明のレーザ光集光装置の構成図。FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a laser light focusing device of the present invention.
【図３】図２を上部から見た平面図。FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 2 as viewed from above.
【図4】本発明の凸レンズと環状レンズとの組み合わせ
の平面図と断面図。FIG. 4 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a combination of a convex lens and an annular lens according to the present invention.
【図５】図４のレンズによる照射レーザ強度分布を示す
線図。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an irradiation laser intensity distribution by the lens of FIG. 4;
【図６】本発明のレンズ光学系の平面図。FIG. 6 is a plan view of a lens optical system according to the present invention.
【図７】本発明のレンズ光学系の平面図。FIG. 7 is a plan view of a lens optical system according to the present invention.
【図８】図７のレンズによる照射レーザ強度分布を示す
線図。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an irradiation laser intensity distribution by the lens of FIG. 7;
１…レーザ装置、５…レーザ分割光学系、７ａ、２４…
高エネルギーレーザ光、７ｂ、２５…低エネルギーレー
ザ光、18、19a、22、23…凸レンズ、19…環状レンズ。DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Laser apparatus, 5 ... Laser division optical system, 7a, 24 ...
High energy laser light, 7b, 25 ... low energy laser light, 18, 19a, 22, 23 ... convex lens, 19 ... annular lens.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 定岡 紀行 茨城県日立市大みか町七丁目２番１号 株 式会社日立製作所電力・電機開発研究所内 (72)発明者 高木 太郎 茨城県日立市大みか町七丁目２番１号 株 式会社日立製作所電力・電機開発研究所内 Ｆターム(参考） 4E068 AJ03 BA02 BB00 CD01 CD05 CD14 4K018 CA44 EA51 EA60 JA05 JA07 JA09 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Noriyuki Sadaoka 7-2-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside Power and Electricity Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Taro Takagi Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture No. 7-2-1 F-term in Hitachi, Ltd. Electric Power and Electric Development Laboratory 4E068 AJ03 BA02 BB00 CD01 CD05 CD14 4K018 CA44 EA51 EA60 JA05 JA07 JA09
Claims (12)
溶融することにより金属層を形成する工程と、前記金属
層上に前記金属粉を載置してレーザ光により溶融する工
程を繰り返して所望の形状の金属物品を形成する金属物
品の製造方法において、前記レーザ光を前記金属粉に対
し予熱する低エネルギーレーザ光と前記予熱した前記金
属粉に対し溶融する高エネルギーレーザ光とに分割して
照射するようにしたことを特徴とする金属物品の製造方
法。A step of irradiating the metal powder with a laser beam and melting the metal powder to form a metal layer; and a step of placing the metal powder on the metal layer and melting the metal layer with the laser beam. In a method of manufacturing a metal article that repeatedly forms a metal article having a desired shape, the method further comprises: a low-energy laser light that preheats the laser light to the metal powder; and a high-energy laser light that melts the preheated metal powder. A method for manufacturing a metal article, wherein the metal article is divided and irradiated.
溶融することにより金属層を形成する工程と、前記金属
層上に前記金属粉を載置してレーザ光により溶融する工
程を繰り返して所望の形状の金属物品を形成する金属物
品の製造方法において、前記レーザ光を前記金属粉に対
し溶融する高エネルギーレーザ光と該高エネルギーレー
ザ光の外周に同心円状に配置した低エネルギーレーザ光
とに分割して照射するようにしたことを特徴とする金属
物品の製造方法。A step of irradiating the metal powder with a laser beam and melting the metal powder to form a metal layer; and a step of placing the metal powder on the metal layer and melting the same by the laser beam. In a method for manufacturing a metal article that repeatedly forms a metal article having a desired shape, a high-energy laser beam that melts the laser beam with respect to the metal powder and a low-energy laser that is concentrically arranged around the periphery of the high-energy laser beam A method for manufacturing a metal article, wherein the irradiation is performed by dividing the light into light.
光を該高エネルギーレーザ光の外周全周に同心円状にリ
ング状又は複数の円をリング状に配置し、中心部で最も
高く、該中心部の外周に段階的に形成されたエネルギー
強度を有することを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の
金属物品の製造方法。3. An irradiation surface, wherein the low-energy laser light is concentrically arranged in a ring shape or a plurality of circles around the entire outer periphery of the high-energy laser light. The method for manufacturing a metal article according to claim 1, wherein the metal article has energy intensity formed stepwise on an outer periphery of the metal article.
光を該高エネルギーレーザ光の外周全周に同心円状にリ
ング状又は複数の円をリング状に配置したことを特徴と
する請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の金属物品の製造方
法。4. An irradiation surface, wherein the low-energy laser light is concentrically arranged in a ring shape or a plurality of circles in a ring shape around the entire outer periphery of the high-energy laser light. The method for producing a metal article according to any one of the above.
離にして前記照射することを特徴とする請求項１〜４の
いずれかに記載の金属物品の製造方法。5. The method for manufacturing a metal article according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation is performed at two or more different focal lengths on an irradiation surface.
堆積手段と、前記金属粉にレーザ光を照射し、前記金属
粉を溶融させるレーザ光照射手段と、前記レーザ光の照
射によって形成された金属層の上に所望の厚さの前記金
属粉を前記堆積手段により堆積させ前記金属粉を前記レ
ーザ光によって溶融させるる工程を繰り返す制御手段と
を有す金属物品の製造装置であって、前記レーザ光照射
手段は前記金属粉を予熱する低エネルギーレーザ光と前
記予熱した前記金属粉を溶融する高エネルギーレーザ光
とに分割して照射する光学系を有することを特徴とする
金属物品の製造装置。6. A means for depositing metal powder for depositing metal powder to a desired thickness; a means for irradiating the metal powder with laser light; and a means for irradiating laser light for melting the metal powder; Control means for repeating a step of depositing the metal powder of a desired thickness on the formed metal layer by the depositing means and melting the metal powder by the laser beam. Wherein the laser light irradiating means has an optical system for irradiating the low-energy laser light for preheating the metal powder and the high-energy laser light for melting the preheated metal powder. Manufacturing equipment.
積手段と、前記金属粉にレーザ光を照射し、前記金属粉
を溶融させるレーザ光照射手段と、前記レーザ光の照射
によって形成された金属層の上に所望の厚さの前記金属
粉を堆積させる前記堆積手段により堆積させ前記金属粉
を前記レーザ光によって溶融させるる工程を繰り返す制
御手段とを有する金属物品の製造装置であって、前記レ
ーザ光照射手段は前記金属粉を溶融する高エネルギーレ
ーザ光とその外周の全周にリング状又は前記外周の全周
複数の円をリング状に配置した低エネルギーレーザ光と
に分割して照射する光学系を有することを特徴とする金
属物品の製造装置。7. A means for depositing a metal powder for forming a metal powder to a desired thickness, a means for irradiating the metal powder with a laser beam, and a means for irradiating the metal powder with a laser beam; A control unit that repeats a step of depositing the metal powder having a desired thickness on the formed metal layer by the deposition unit and melting the metal powder by the laser beam. The laser beam irradiating means divides the laser beam into a high-energy laser beam that melts the metal powder and a low-energy laser beam in which a plurality of circles are arranged around the entire circumference of the outer periphery and a plurality of circles are arranged in a ring around the entire circumference. An apparatus for manufacturing a metal article, comprising: an optical system that emits light.
つのレーザ光を互いに同心円状に配置して金属粉に照射
する光学系を有することを特徴とする請求項６又は７に
記載の金属物品の製造装置。8. The laser beam irradiating means is provided on the irradiation surface.
The apparatus for manufacturing a metal article according to claim 6, further comprising an optical system configured to irradiate the metal powder by arranging two laser lights concentrically with each other.
距離の違うレンズを同心円状に配置又は重ね合わせて配
置した光学系からなることを特徴とする請求項６〜８の
いずれかに記載の金属物品の製造装置。9. The laser beam irradiating means comprises an optical system in which two or more lenses having different focal lengths are concentrically arranged or superposed. An apparatus for manufacturing a metal article as described in the above.
に同心円状にリング状又は前記外周の全周に同心円状に
複数の円をリング状に配置した低エネルギーレーザ光と
に分割して照射する光学系を有することを特徴とするレ
ーザ光集光装置。10. A high-energy laser beam and a low-energy laser beam in which a plurality of circles are concentrically arranged in a ring around the entire periphery of the high-energy laser beam or concentrically around the entire periphery. A laser beam condensing device, comprising:
重ねることにより、照射面において中心部で最もエネル
ギーが高く、その外周に同心円状に前記中心部よりも段
階的にエネルギーの低いレーザ光を形成する光学系を有
することを特徴とするレーザ光集光装置。11. Concentrically superimposing two lenses having different diameters, a laser beam having the highest energy at the center on the irradiation surface and concentrically lowering the laser light with a lower energy than the center at the outer periphery. A laser light condensing device comprising an optical system for forming.
円状に配置又は重ね合わせて配置した光学系を有するこ
とを特徴とするレーザ光集光装置。12. A laser beam condensing device comprising an optical system in which two or more lenses having different focal lengths are arranged concentrically or superposed.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000266043A JP2002069507A (en) | 2000-09-01 | 2000-09-01 | Method for manufacturing metal article, apparatus thereof, and laser beam condensing unit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000266043A JP2002069507A (en) | 2000-09-01 | 2000-09-01 | Method for manufacturing metal article, apparatus thereof, and laser beam condensing unit |
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|---|---|
| JP2002069507A true JP2002069507A (en) | 2002-03-08 |
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ID=18753211
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|---|---|---|---|
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