JP2001350022A - Wide viewing angle polarizing plate - Google Patents
Wide viewing angle polarizing plateInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001350022A JP2001350022A JP2001009150A JP2001009150A JP2001350022A JP 2001350022 A JP2001350022 A JP 2001350022A JP 2001009150 A JP2001009150 A JP 2001009150A JP 2001009150 A JP2001009150 A JP 2001009150A JP 2001350022 A JP2001350022 A JP 2001350022A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polarizing plate
- plate
- viewing angle
- liquid crystal
- retardation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、広視野角偏光板に
関し、詳しくは、良視認の視角範囲が広い液晶表示装置
を形成しうる広視野角偏光板に関する。本発明におい
て、位相差板の厚さはｄ、位相差板の遅相軸方向、進相
軸方向、厚さ方向の各屈折率は夫々ｎe 、ｎo 、ｎZ で
表されるものとし、面内位相差とは、式：（ｎe −
ｎo ）ｄで定義される量であり、ＮZ とは、式：（ｎe
−ｎZ）／（ｎe −ｎo ）で定義される量であり、ま
た、直交型とは、位相差板の遅相軸が偏光子の吸収軸に
対して直交位にある軸配置型を意味し、平行型とは、位
相差板の遅相軸が偏光子の吸収軸に対して平行位にある
軸配置型を意味する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wide viewing angle polarizing plate, and more particularly to a wide viewing angle polarizing plate capable of forming a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle range for good visibility. In the present invention, and the thickness of the retardation plate d, the slow axis direction of the retardation plate, the fast axis direction, the refractive index in the thickness direction are each n e, n o, and those represented by n Z , The in-plane retardation is represented by the formula: ( ne −
n o ) is a quantity defined by d, where N Z is the formula: (n e)
-N Z) / (n e -n o) is the amount defined in, also, the orthogonal, shaft arrangement type which the slow axis of the retardation plate is in the perpendicular position with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizer The parallel type means an axis arrangement type in which the slow axis of the phase difference plate is parallel to the absorption axis of the polarizer.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】液晶表示装置は、低電圧、低消費電力で
ＩＣと直結でき、表示機能が多様でかつ軽量化、小型化
が容易であるなど多くの特長を有することから、ワード
プロセッサやパーソナルコンピュータなどのＯＡ機器や
テレビジョン、カーナビゲーションモニタや航空機コッ
クピット用モニタなど、種々の表示手段として広く普及
している。2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display device can be directly connected to an IC with low voltage and low power consumption, has various display functions, and has many features such as easy weight reduction and miniaturization. It is widely used as various display means such as OA equipment, television, car navigation monitor, and aircraft cockpit monitor.
【０００３】液晶表示装置には液晶の配向の変化を可視
化させるために、偏光板が用いられている。偏光板は、
通常、偏光子に透明保護膜（ＴＡＣ）を積層して構成さ
れている。偏光子は入射光を互いに直交する２つの偏光
成分に分け、その一方（振動方向が偏光子の透過軸と平
行な成分）のみを通過させ、他の成分（振動方向が偏光
子の吸収軸と平行な成分）を吸収または分散する光学素
子である。In a liquid crystal display device, a polarizing plate is used in order to visualize a change in the orientation of liquid crystal. Polarizing plate
Usually, a transparent protective film (TAC) is laminated on a polarizer. The polarizer divides the incident light into two orthogonal polarization components, passes only one of them (the component whose vibration direction is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer), and passes the other component (the vibration direction is the absorption axis of the polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizer). (Parallel component).
【０００４】透過型の液晶表示装置は、液晶セルをその
厚さ方向の両側から偏光板で挟んで構成される。両側の
偏光子は互いの透過軸を直交させて配置されるのが一般
的である。透過軸を直交させた１対の偏光子を直交偏光
子という。一般に、偏光子の特性には視角依存性があ
り、図６に示すように、偏光子に対して斜め方向から光
が入射すると透過軸の方向が変化する。従って垂直入射
光に対して第１、第２の偏光子１、２を各々の透過軸１
Ｔ、２Ｔが互いに直交するように重ね合わせても、斜め
入射光に対しては交差角度が直角からずれてしまい、第
１の偏光子１を通過した偏光は透過軸２Ｔと平行な方向
の成分を有し、この成分が第２の偏光子２を通過して漏
光を生じる。[0004] A transmissive liquid crystal display device has a configuration in which a liquid crystal cell is sandwiched between polarizing plates from both sides in the thickness direction. Generally, the polarizers on both sides are arranged with their transmission axes orthogonal to each other. A pair of polarizers whose transmission axes are orthogonal to each other is called an orthogonal polarizer. In general, the characteristics of a polarizer have a viewing angle dependency, and as shown in FIG. 6, when light enters the polarizer from an oblique direction, the direction of the transmission axis changes. Therefore, the first and second polarizers 1 and 2 are moved to the respective transmission axes 1 with respect to the vertically incident light.
Even if T and 2T are overlapped so as to be orthogonal to each other, the crossing angle deviates from the right angle with respect to the oblique incident light, and the polarized light that has passed through the first polarizer 1 is a component in a direction parallel to the transmission axis 2T. And this component passes through the second polarizer 2 to cause light leakage.
【０００５】このような偏光子の視角依存性は、液晶表
示装置の画面の明るさ、コントラスト、色合いなどを良
く視認できる視角範囲（視野角）を狭くする原因とな
る。視野角の広い液晶表示装置を実現するには、偏光子
の視角依存性を軽減して漏光のほとんど生じない視角範
囲（視野角）を広くした偏光板、すなわち広視野角偏光
板の開発が必須であり、これまでに、いつかのものが提
案されている。[0005] The viewing angle dependency of the polarizer causes a narrowing of the viewing angle range (viewing angle) in which the brightness, contrast, hue, and the like of the screen of the liquid crystal display device can be easily viewed. In order to realize a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle, it is necessary to develop a polarizing plate that reduces the viewing angle dependence of the polarizer and widens the viewing angle range (viewing angle) where light leakage hardly occurs, that is, a wide viewing angle polarizing plate. So far, some things have been proposed.
【０００６】いずれの広視野角偏光板も、偏光子と１〜
２枚の位相差板を重ね合わせて構成されている。なお、
位相差板や液晶などの屈折率異方体の複屈折特性を表す
諸変数の定義式を図７に示す。図８に示す従来例１は、
第１の偏光子１にＡプレート、Ｃプレート（定義は図７
参照）と呼ばれる一軸性の位相差板10、11を、前者の遅
相軸10Ｓが第１の偏光子の透過軸１Ｔに対し直交位にあ
り、後者の遅相軸11Ｓがフィルムの厚さ方向を向くよう
に、積層して構成されている（J.Chen et al:SID'98 Di
gest(1998),p315)。Ａプレート10の面内位相差とＣプレ
ート11の厚さ方向の位相差はそれぞれ137nm 、80nmであ
る。これにより、第１の偏光子を通過した光の偏光状態
を第２の偏光子の透過軸と直交する方向に変換でき、直
交偏光子の視角依存性を大幅に軽減することができる。[0006] Each of the wide-viewing-angle polarizers has a polarizer and one to one.
It is configured by laminating two retardation plates. In addition,
FIG. 7 shows a formula for defining various variables representing the birefringence characteristics of a refractive index anisotropic material such as a phase difference plate or a liquid crystal. Conventional example 1 shown in FIG.
The first polarizer 1 has an A plate and a C plate (defined in FIG. 7).
The retarders 10 and 11 are referred to as uniaxial retarders 10 and 11, wherein the former slow axis 10S is orthogonal to the transmission axis 1T of the first polarizer and the latter slow axis 11S is oriented in the thickness direction of the film. (J. Chen et al: SID'98 Di
gest (1998), p315). The in-plane phase difference of the A plate 10 and the thickness direction of the C plate 11 are 137 nm and 80 nm, respectively. Thereby, the polarization state of the light passing through the first polarizer can be converted to a direction orthogonal to the transmission axis of the second polarizer, and the viewing angle dependency of the orthogonal polarizer can be greatly reduced.
【０００７】しかし、従来例１では、液晶層に入射する
偏光の方向が垂直入射の場合と斜め入射の場合で異なっ
てしまうため、反射型の液晶表示装置の場合は偏光子に
挟まれる媒質（液晶と位相差板）の光学特性が大きく変
化してしまう問題がある。また、透過型の場合でも、波
長依存性が大きいため、光の漏れが生じてしまう（図13
参照）という問題がある。However, in the conventional example 1, since the direction of the polarized light incident on the liquid crystal layer is different between the case of vertical incidence and the case of oblique incidence, in the case of a reflection type liquid crystal display device, the medium ( There is a problem that the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal and the phase difference plate) change significantly. Further, even in the case of the transmission type, light leakage occurs due to the large wavelength dependence (FIG. 13).
See).
【０００８】また、図９に示す従来例２は、偏光子１に
面内方向位相差：350nm を有するＡプレート10を、その
遅相軸10Ｓを偏光子１の吸収軸１Ａに垂直にして、積層
したもの（日東電工株式会社製）である。図10に示す従
来例３は、偏光子１の両側にＴＡＣ３を有する偏光板の
一側または両側のＴＡＣ３を、面内位相差：50〜200nm
、ＮZ ：−１〜３の位相差板12とし、その遅相軸12Ｓ
を偏光子１の吸収軸１Ａと平行または直交させたもの
（特開平９−325216号公報）である。FIG. 9 shows a conventional example 2 in which a polarizer 1 is provided with an A plate 10 having an in-plane phase difference of 350 nm, with its slow axis 10S perpendicular to the absorption axis 1A of the polarizer 1. It is a laminate (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation). In Conventional Example 3 shown in FIG. 10, one side or both sides of a polarizing plate having TAC3 on both sides of a polarizer 1 is formed by in-plane retardation: 50 to 200 nm.
, N Z : −1 to 3 retardation plates 12 and their slow axes 12S
Is parallel or perpendicular to the absorption axis 1A of the polarizer 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-325216).
【０００９】図11に示す従来例４は、偏光子１の片側
に、面内位相差：50〜200nm 、ＮZ ：−１〜３の位相差
板12を、その遅相軸12Ｓを偏光子１の透過軸１Ｔと平行
または直交させて、配置したもの（特開平10−48420 号
公報）である。図12に示す従来例５は、偏光子１の片側
に、厚さ方向位相差：300nm 以下、面内位相差：20nm以
下の位相差板12Ａと、面内位相差：50〜200nm 、ＮZ ：
0.8 〜3.5 の位相差板12Ｂとを、位相差板12Ｂの遅相軸
12ＢＳを偏光子１の透過軸１Ｔと平行または直交させ
て、配置したもの（特開平10−142423号公報）である。In prior art example 4 shown in FIG. 11, a retardation plate 12 having an in-plane retardation: 50 to 200 nm and NZ : -1 to 3 is provided on one side of a polarizer 1, and its slow axis 12S is connected to a polarizer. 1 is arranged in parallel or perpendicular to the transmission axis 1T (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-48420). In Conventional Example 5 shown in FIG. 12, a retardation plate 12A having a retardation in the thickness direction: 300 nm or less, an in-plane retardation: 20 nm or less, and an in-plane retardation: 50 to 200 nm, NZ :
The retardation plate 12B of 0.8 to 3.5 is connected to the slow axis of the retardation plate 12B.
In this example, 12BS is arranged in parallel or perpendicular to the transmission axis 1T of the polarizer 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-142423).
【００１０】しかし、本発明者らの理論計算によれば、
従来例２〜５においても従来例１と同様の問題がある。However, according to the inventors' theoretical calculation,
Conventional Examples 2 to 5 have the same problem as Conventional Example 1.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】前記従来技術の問題点
に鑑み、本発明は、斜め入射時における偏光子を通過し
た光の偏光状態を垂直入射時と等しくする働きを有し、
液晶の光学特性の変化を補償できて、視野角の広い液晶
表示装置を実現できる広視野角偏光板を提供することを
目的とする。In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention has a function of making the polarization state of light passing through a polarizer at oblique incidence equal to that at vertical incidence.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate capable of compensating a change in optical characteristics of liquid crystal and realizing a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle.
【００１２】[0012]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、前記目的
を達成するために、垂直入射時と斜め入射時とで偏光状
態が等しくなるための必要条件を理論モデル式で記述
し、種々の入射角度毎にこの必要条件を満たすような位
相差板の複屈折特性を求め、それらのうち広い視角範囲
で小さい透過率を示すものを採用するという設計手法を
創案し、この設計手法に基づき位相差板の最適特性を抽
出して、本発明を完成した。Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have described the necessary conditions for the polarization state to be equal between normal incidence and oblique incidence using theoretical model equations, and A birefringence characteristic of the retardation plate that satisfies this requirement for each incident angle is determined, and a design method that adopts the one that shows small transmittance in a wide viewing angle range is created based on this design method. The present invention has been completed by extracting the optimum characteristics of the phase difference plate.
【００１３】すなわち本発明は、以下の通りの広視野角
偏光板および液晶表示装置である。 （１）偏光子に二軸性の位相差板を重ねてなる直交型の
偏光板において、前記位相差板は面内位相差＝250 〜30
0 nm、ＮZ ＝0.1 〜0.4 、より好ましくは面内位相差＝
260 〜290 nm、ＮZ ＝0.2 〜0.3 、なる複屈折特性を有
することを特徴とする広視野角偏光板。That is, the present invention provides a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device as described below. (1) An orthogonal polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and a biaxial retardation film superposed thereon, wherein the retardation film has an in-plane retardation of 250 to 30.
0 nm, NZ = 0.1 to 0.4, more preferably in-plane retardation =
A wide viewing angle polarizing plate having a birefringence characteristic of 260 to 290 nm and NZ = 0.2 to 0.3.
【００１４】（２）偏光子に二軸性の位相差板を重ねて
なる平行型の偏光板において、前記位相差板は面内位相
差＝250 〜300 nm、ＮZ ＝0.6 〜1.1 、より好ましくは
面内位相差＝260 〜290 nm、ＮZ ＝0.7 〜1.0 、なる複
屈折特性を有することを特徴とする広視野角偏光板。 （３）（１）の広視野角偏光板の位相差板側に（２）の
位相差板を重ねてなり、または、（２）の広視野角偏光
板の位相差板側に（１）の位相差板を重ねてなる広視野
角偏光板であって、隣り合う位相差板の遅相軸が互いに
平行であることを特徴とする広視野角偏光板。(2) In a parallel polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and a biaxial retardation film superimposed thereon, the retardation film has an in-plane retardation of 250 to 300 nm, NZ = 0.6 to 1.1, and A wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate characterized by having birefringence characteristics of preferably in-plane retardation = 260 to 290 nm and NZ = 0.7 to 1.0. (3) The retardation plate of (2) is laminated on the retardation plate side of the wide viewing angle polarizing plate of (1), or (1) is disposed on the retardation plate side of the wide viewing angle polarizing plate of (2). A wide viewing angle polarizing plate obtained by stacking the above phase difference plates, wherein the slow axes of adjacent phase difference plates are parallel to each other.
【００１５】（４）液晶セルの一面側、他面側のいずれ
か一方または両方に（１）または（２）の広視野角偏光
板が位相差板側で対面配置された構造を有することを特
徴とする液晶表示装置。 （５）前記広視野角偏光板は、前記液晶セルの一面側、
他面側のいずれか一方では直交型、他方では平行型であ
る（４）の液晶表示装置。(4) The liquid crystal cell has a structure in which the wide viewing angle polarizing plate (1) or (2) is arranged on one side or both sides of the liquid crystal cell on the side of the retardation plate. Characteristic liquid crystal display device. (5) The wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate includes one surface of the liquid crystal cell,
The liquid crystal display device according to (4), wherein one of the other surfaces is an orthogonal type and the other is a parallel type.
【００１６】（６）液晶セルの一面側、他面側のいずれ
か一方に（３）の広視野角偏光板が位相差板側で対面配
置された構造を有することを特徴とする液晶表示装置。(6) A liquid crystal display device having a structure in which the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate of (3) is arranged on one side or the other side of the liquid crystal cell on the side of the retardation plate. .
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の実施の形態】図１（ａ）、（ｂ）は、本発明
（１）、（２）の広視野角偏光板の構成を示す説明図で
ある。これは、偏光子（ＰＯＬ）１に二軸性の位相差板
（ＰＦ１は本発明（１）に、ＰＦ２は本発明（２）に、
夫々係るもの）12を重ねて構成される。なお、本発明で
は、広視野角偏光板の反位相差板側に透明保護膜（ＴＡ
Ｃ）３が配置されていてもよい（以下同じ）。また、本
発明では、例えば図14に示すように、偏光子１または位
相差板12の片側もしくは両側に、保護膜あるいは強度を
補強する膜として、ＴＡＣとは異なり光の入射する角度
によらず位相差の（ほとんど）ない（例えば５nm以下
の）透明な膜（光学的等方性透明膜という）13が配置さ
れていてもよい（以下同じ）。かかる構成の偏光板でも
同様の効果が得られる。前記光学的等方性透明膜の素材
としては、例えばポリエーテルスルフォン（Polyether
sulfone ；ＰＥＳ）、ガラスシート等が好ましく用いう
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIGS. 1A and 1B are explanatory views showing the configuration of a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate according to the present invention (1) or (2). This is because the polarizer (POL) 1 has a biaxial retardation plate (PF1 according to the present invention (1), PF2 according to the present invention (2),
12) are stacked. In the present invention, a transparent protective film (TA) is provided on the anti-phase difference plate side of the wide viewing angle polarizing plate.
C) 3 may be arranged (the same applies hereinafter). Further, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 14, a protective film or a film for reinforcing the strength is provided on one or both sides of the polarizer 1 or the phase difference plate 12 irrespective of the angle of incidence of light, unlike TAC. A transparent film (which is referred to as an optically isotropic transparent film) 13 having (almost) no phase difference (for example, 5 nm or less) may be disposed (the same applies hereinafter). A similar effect can be obtained with a polarizing plate having such a configuration. Examples of the material of the optically isotropic transparent film include polyether sulfone (Polyether sulfone).
sulfone; PES), a glass sheet and the like can be preferably used.
【００１８】本発明（１）では、偏光子１と位相差板Ｐ
Ｆ１の軸配置型は直交型であり、位相差板ＰＦ１は、面
内位相差＝250 〜300 nm（より好ましくは260 〜290 n
m）、ＮZ ＝0.1 〜0.4 （より好ましくは0.2 〜0.3 ）
なる複屈折特性を有するように形成される。本発明
（２）では、偏光子１と位相差板ＰＦ２の軸配置型は平
行型であり、位相差板ＰＦ２は、面内位相差＝250 〜30
0 nm（より好ましくは260 〜290 nm）、ＮZ ＝0.6 〜1.
1 （より好ましくは0.7 〜1.0 ）なる複屈折特性を有す
るように形成される。In the present invention (1), the polarizer 1 and the retarder P
The axis arrangement type of F1 is an orthogonal type, and the retardation plate PF1 has an in-plane retardation of 250 to 300 nm (more preferably 260 to 290 nm).
m), NZ = 0.1 to 0.4 (more preferably 0.2 to 0.3)
It is formed to have the following birefringence characteristics. In the present invention (2), the axis arrangement type of the polarizer 1 and the phase difference plate PF2 is a parallel type, and the phase difference plate PF2 has an in-plane phase difference = 250 to 30.
0 nm (more preferably 260 to 290 nm), NZ = 0.6 to 1.
1 (more preferably 0.7 to 1.0).
【００１９】図１（ｃ）、（ｄ）は、本発明（３）の広
視野角偏光板の構成を示す説明図である。これは、本発
明（１）の広視野角偏光板の位相差板ＰＦ１側に、本発
明（２）の位相差板ＰＦ２を、互いの遅相軸12Ｓが平行
となるように重ねたもの（図１（ｃ））、または、本発
明（２）の広視野角偏光板の位相差板ＰＦ２側に、本発
明（１）の位相差板ＰＦ１を、互いの遅相軸12Ｓが平行
となるように重ねたもの（図１（ｄ））である。FIGS. 1C and 1D are explanatory views showing the structure of a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate of the present invention (3). This is because the retardation plate PF2 of the present invention (2) is overlapped on the retardation plate PF1 side of the wide viewing angle polarizing plate of the present invention (1) so that the slow axes 12S thereof are parallel to each other ( 1 (c)) or the retardation plate PF1 of the present invention (1) is parallel to the retardation plate PF2 side of the wide viewing angle polarizing plate of the present invention (2) with the slow axes 12S thereof being parallel to each other. (FIG. 1D).
【００２０】この構成により、広い視角範囲にわたっ
て、斜め入射時の偏光状態を垂直入射時とほぼ同じ状態
に変換でき、漏光を抑制することができる。その根拠と
した前記設計手法を以下に説明する。斜め入射時の偏光
状態を垂直入射時と等しくするために位相差板の光学特
性が満たすべき条件は以下の二つである。With this configuration, the polarization state at oblique incidence can be converted to the same state as at normal incidence over a wide viewing angle range, and light leakage can be suppressed. The design method used as the basis will be described below. The following two conditions must be satisfied by the optical characteristics of the retardation plate in order to make the polarization state at oblique incidence equal to that at vertical incidence.
【００２１】１．斜め入射時の位相差がπであること ２. 斜め入射時の位相差板の光軸の方位の変化が偏光子
の半分であること これら二条件を理論式で記述すると次のようになる。な
お、光軸とは、位相差板では遅相軸、偏光子では吸収軸
を意味する。垂直入射時における光軸の方位φと入射光
の入射角θi のとり方を図２に示す。ここでは、θi ＝
０°（垂直入射）での遅相軸の方位を45°、吸収軸の方
位を−45°とした。1. The phase difference at oblique incidence is π 2. The change in the azimuth of the optical axis of the retardation plate at oblique incidence is half that of the polarizer When these two conditions are described by theoretical formulas, they are as follows. The optical axis means a slow axis in the case of a retardation plate and an absorption axis in the case of a polarizer. FIG. 2 shows how to set the azimuth φ of the optical axis and the incident angle θ i of the incident light at the time of vertical incidence. Here, θ i =
At 0 ° (normal incidence), the azimuth of the slow axis was 45 °, and the azimuth of the absorption axis was −45 °.
【００２２】まず条件１について述べる。位相差板の位
相差Γは次式で与えられる。 Γ＝（ｋez−ｋoz）ｄ (1-1) ここに、ｋoz，ｋezはそれぞれ、入射光の進相軸方向、
遅相軸方向の波数ベクトルのＺ軸方向成分であり、次式
で与えられる。First, condition 1 will be described. The phase difference の of the phase difference plate is given by the following equation. Γ = (k ez −k oz ) d (1-1) where k oz and k ez are the fast axis direction of the incident light,
This is a component in the Z-axis direction of the wave vector in the slow axis direction, and is given by the following equation.
【００２３】[0023]
【数１】 (Equation 1)
【００２４】ここで条件１を満たすためには、式(1-1)
の値がπとなればよい。そこでこのときの厚さ（膜厚）
ｄ，屈折率ｎe ，ｎo ，ｎZ の関係を求めると、次式で
表される。Here, in order to satisfy condition 1, the expression (1-1)
Should be π. Therefore, the thickness (film thickness) at this time
d, the refractive index n e, n o, when determining the relationship between n Z, represented by the following equation.
【００２５】[0025]
【数２】 (Equation 2)
【００２６】この関係式(1-4) を満たすように二軸性の
位相差板の屈折率を設計することにより、条件１を常に
満たすことができる。次に条件２について述べる。斜め
入射時における偏光子の光軸のずれφdp（度）は次式で
表すことができる。Condition 1 can be always satisfied by designing the refractive index of the biaxial retardation plate so as to satisfy the relational expression (1-4). Next, condition 2 will be described. The shift φ dp (degree) of the optical axis of the polarizer at oblique incidence can be expressed by the following equation.
【００２７】[0027]
【数３】 (Equation 3)
【００２８】一方、位相差板の光軸のずれφdf（度）は
次式で表すことができる。On the other hand, the deviation φ df (degree) of the optical axis of the phase difference plate can be expressed by the following equation.
【００２９】[0029]
【数４】 (Equation 4)
【００３０】したがって、条件２を満たすためには次式
が満たされればよい。 φdf／φdp＝0.5 (2-10) ところで、式(1-4),(2-10)を満たす複屈折特性（膜厚
ｄ，屈折率ｎe ，ｎo ，ｎZ の関係）は入射角θi によ
り変わる。そこで、λを可視光波長範囲400 〜700nm の
中央値550nm にとり、入射角に対して式(1-4) と式(2-1
0)とを同時に満たす複屈折特性（ｄ，ｎe ，ｎo ，ｎZ
の関係）を収束計算によって求めた。なお、かくして求
められた複屈折特性に対応する入射角を設計角度と称す
る。Therefore, in order to satisfy the condition 2, the following expression should be satisfied. φ df / φ dp = 0.5 ( 2-10) By the way, the formula (1-4), birefringence property that satisfies (2-10) (thickness d, refractive index n e, n o, the relationship n Z) is It depends on the incident angle θ i . Therefore, λ is set to the center value of 550 nm in the visible light wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm, and equations (1-4) and (2-1)
0) are simultaneously satisfied birefringence (d, n e, n o , n Z
Was determined by convergence calculation. The incident angle corresponding to the birefringence characteristic thus obtained is called a design angle.
【００３１】そして、種々の設計角度に対応する複屈折
特性を与えた位相差板を直交偏光子に介装したモデルに
ついて、λ＝550nm での透過率の視角（入射角と同値）
依存性を計算した。なお、透過率Ｔの計算には次式を用
いた。 Ｔ＝sin2（πΓ／λ） (3) その結果、例えば図３に示すように、設計角度Θにより
多少差はあるが、どのΘの場合でも視角範囲０〜80°で
透過率0.1 ％以下になることがわかった。因みに従来の
偏光子の透過率は約２〜４％程度である。すなわち、式
(1-4) ，式(2-10)を同時に満たす複屈折特性を有する位
相差板を用いることにより、従来よりも格段に漏光の少
ない広視野角偏光板が得られることがわかった。Then, for a model in which a retardation plate having birefringence characteristics corresponding to various design angles is interposed in an orthogonal polarizer, the viewing angle of transmittance at λ = 550 nm (equivalent to the incident angle)
Dependencies were calculated. The following equation was used to calculate the transmittance T. T = sin 2 (πΓ / λ) (3) As a result, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, although there is a slight difference depending on the design angle 、, in any case, the transmittance is 0.1% or less in the viewing angle range of 0 to 80 °. It turned out to be. Incidentally, the transmittance of the conventional polarizer is about 2 to 4%. That is, the expression
By using a retardation plate having birefringence characteristics that satisfies (1-4) and equation (2-10) at the same time, it was found that a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate with much less light leakage than before can be obtained.
【００３２】また、透過率の波長依存性を求めて従来の
ものと比較したところ、例えば図13に示すように、本発
明の広視野角偏光板は、従来のものよりも、波長依存性
が小さく、より広い波長範囲で光の漏れを防止できるこ
とがわかった。以上のような設計手法により複屈折特性
の好適範囲を規定し、本発明の要旨とした。Further, when the wavelength dependence of the transmittance is obtained and compared with the conventional one, as shown in FIG. 13, for example, the wide viewing angle polarizing plate of the present invention has a higher wavelength dependency than the conventional one. It has been found that light leakage can be prevented in a small and wider wavelength range. The preferred range of the birefringence characteristic is defined by the above-described design technique, and is the gist of the present invention.
【００３３】このように規定された複屈折特性を有する
位相差板は、必然的に前記の条件１、条件２を満たすも
のとなる。それゆえ、かかる位相差板を偏光子に積層し
て偏光板を構成した本発明によれば、広い視角範囲にわ
たって良好なコントラストを視認できる広視野角偏光板
が得られる。なお、位相差板の厚さｄは、一般には、５
〜500 μｍ、就中10〜350 μｍ、特に20〜200 μｍの厚
さとされる。The retardation plate having the birefringence characteristics defined as described above necessarily satisfies the above conditions 1 and 2. Therefore, according to the present invention in which such a retardation plate is laminated on a polarizer to constitute a polarizing plate, a wide viewing angle polarizing plate capable of visually recognizing good contrast over a wide viewing angle range can be obtained. The thickness d of the retardation plate is generally 5
500500 μm, especially 10-350 μm, especially 20-200 μm.
【００３４】前記偏光子としては、所定の偏光状態の光
を得ることができる適宜なものを用いうる。就中、直線
偏光状態の透過光を得ることのできるものが好ましい。
その例としては、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムや部
分ホルマール化ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、エチ
レン・酢酸ビニル共重合体系部分ケン化フィルムの如き
親水性高分子フィルムにヨウ素および／または二色性染
料を吸着させて延伸したもの、ポリビニルアルコールの
脱水処理物やポリ塩化ビニルの脱塩酸処理物の如きポリ
エン配向フィルム等からなる偏光フィルムなどがあげら
れる。As the polarizer, an appropriate polarizer capable of obtaining light of a predetermined polarization state can be used. Above all, those capable of obtaining transmitted light in a linearly polarized state are preferable.
For example, iodine and / or a dichroic dye is adsorbed on a hydrophilic polymer film such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based film, a partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol-based film, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-based partially saponified film, and stretched. And a polarizing film made of a polyene-oriented film, such as a dehydrated product of polyvinyl alcohol or a dehydrochlorinated product of polyvinyl chloride.
【００３５】前記位相差板としては、本発明で規定した
条件を満たす複屈折性を有する適宜なものを用いうる。
就中、光透過性の適宜なフィルムを延伸処理等により複
屈折性を付与したものや、液晶ポリマーの配向膜、ある
いは基材の配向膜上等に液晶ポリマー等の異方性材料を
配向させたものなどが好ましく用いうる。特に、光透過
率が70％以上、好ましくは80％以上、より好ましくは85
％以上の透光性に優れるフィルムに複屈折性を付与した
ものが好ましい。As the retardation plate, an appropriate retardation plate having birefringence satisfying the conditions defined in the present invention can be used.
Above all, an anisotropic material such as a liquid crystal polymer is oriented on an appropriate film having a light transmissive property to which a birefringent property is imparted by a stretching treatment or the like, or an alignment film of a liquid crystal polymer, or an alignment film of a substrate. Can be preferably used. In particular, the light transmittance is 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more.
% Or more, and a film having excellent birefringence is preferred.
【００３６】前記の透光性フィルムとしては、ポリカー
ボネートやポリアリレート、ポリスルホンやポリエチレ
ンテレフタート、ポリエーテルスルホンやポリビニルア
ルコール、ポリエチレンないしポリプロピレンの如きポ
リオレフィンやセルロース系ポリマー、ポリスチレンや
ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニルやポリ塩化
ビニリデン、ポリアミドなどからなるフィルムが特に好
ましい。Examples of the light-transmitting film include polycarbonate, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, cellulose polymers, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinyl chloride. And films made of polyvinylidene chloride, polyamide and the like are particularly preferred.
【００３７】透光性フィルムに複屈折性を付与する配向
処理は、例えば自由端または固定端による一軸延伸処理
や二軸延伸処理などの適宜な方式で行うことができる。
前記ＴＡＣは、プラスチックの塗布層や保護フィルムの
積層物などとして適宜に形成でき、その形成には透明性
や機械的強度、熱安定性や水分遮蔽性等に優れるプラス
チックなどが好ましく用いうる。その例としては、ポリ
エステル系樹脂やアセテート系樹脂、ポリエーテルスル
ホン酸系樹脂やポリカーボネート系樹脂、あるいはアク
リル系やウレタン系、アクリルウレタン系やエポキシ系
やシリコーン系等の熱硬化型、ないし紫外線硬化型の樹
脂などがあげられる。ＴＡＣは、微粒子の含有によりそ
の表面が微細凹凸構造に形成されていてもよい。The orientation treatment for imparting birefringence to the translucent film can be performed by an appropriate method such as a uniaxial stretching treatment or a biaxial stretching treatment at a free end or a fixed end.
The TAC can be appropriately formed as a plastic coating layer or a laminate of a protective film. For the formation of the TAC, a plastic or the like having excellent transparency, mechanical strength, heat stability, moisture shielding properties, and the like can be preferably used. Examples include polyester-based resins, acetate-based resins, polyethersulfonic acid-based resins and polycarbonate-based resins, or thermosetting types such as acrylic, urethane-based, acrylic urethane-based, epoxy-based, and silicone-based, or ultraviolet-curing types. And the like. The surface of TAC may be formed in a fine uneven structure by containing fine particles.
【００３８】本発明の広視野角偏光板は、液晶セルの複
屈折による視角特性の補償に好ましく用いうるが、その
形成は液晶表示装置の製造過程で位相差板と偏光子を順
次別個に積層する方式や、予め積層物としてそれを用い
る方式などの適宜な方式で行うことができる。後者の事
前積層化方式が、品質の安定性や積層作業性に優れて液
晶表示装置の製造効率を向上させうる利点などがある。The wide viewing angle polarizing plate of the present invention can be preferably used for compensating viewing angle characteristics due to birefringence of a liquid crystal cell, but is formed by sequentially laminating a retardation plate and a polarizer in the process of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device. Or a suitable method such as a method of using it as a laminate in advance. The latter pre-lamination method has advantages such as excellent stability of quality and laminating workability, which can improve the manufacturing efficiency of the liquid crystal display device.
【００３９】偏光子の片側への位相差板の積層配置等に
際しては、その偏光子の吸収軸と位相差板の遅相軸とが
直交または平行関係となるように行われるが、その直交
または平行関係は厳密な意味での直交または平行状態に
限定されず、作業上の配置誤差などは許容される。ま
た、吸収軸や遅相軸の方向にバラツキがある場合などに
は全体としての平均方向に基づいて直交または平行関係
に配置される。When the phase difference plate is laminated on one side of the polarizer, the absorption axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the phase difference plate are set so as to be orthogonal or parallel. The parallel relationship is not limited to the orthogonal or parallel state in a strict sense, and a work placement error or the like is allowed. Further, when there is a variation in the direction of the absorption axis or the slow axis, they are arranged in a perpendicular or parallel relationship based on the average direction as a whole.
【００４０】偏光子と位相差板の積層に際しては、必要
に応じて接着剤等を介して固定することができる。軸関
係のズレ防止等の点からは接着固定することが好まし
い。接着には、例えばアクリル系やシリコーン系、ポリ
エステル系やポリウレタン系、ポリエーテル系やゴム系
等の透明な感圧接着剤などの適宜な接着剤を用いること
ができ、その種類については特に限定はない。光学特性
の変化を防止する点などからは、硬化や乾燥の際に高温
のプロセスを要しないものが好ましく、長時間の硬化処
理や乾燥処理を要しないものが望ましい。また、加熱や
加湿条件下に剥離等を生じないものが好ましい。When laminating the polarizer and the retardation plate, they can be fixed via an adhesive or the like as necessary. It is preferable to fix the adhesive from the viewpoint of preventing displacement of the axial relation. For the bonding, for example, an appropriate adhesive such as a transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive such as an acrylic-based, silicone-based, polyester-based or polyurethane-based, polyether-based, or rubber-based adhesive can be used. Absent. From the viewpoint of preventing a change in optical characteristics, it is preferable that a high-temperature process is not required for curing and drying, and that a long-time curing process and a drying process are not required. Further, a material that does not cause peeling or the like under heating or humidifying conditions is preferable.
【００４１】かかる点から、（メタ）アクリル酸ブチル
や（メタ）アクリル酸メチル、（メタ）アクリル酸エチ
ルや（メタ）アクリル酸の如きモノマーを成分とする質
量平均分子量が10万以上で、ガラス転移温度が０℃以下
のアクリル系ポリマーからなるアクリル系感圧接着剤が
特に好ましく用いうる。またアクリル系感圧接着剤は、
透明性や耐候性や耐熱性などに優れる点からも好まし
い。From this point, glass having a mass average molecular weight of 100,000 or more containing monomers such as butyl (meth) acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylic acid, An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive made of an acrylic polymer having a transition temperature of 0 ° C. or less can be particularly preferably used. Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives
It is also preferable from the viewpoint of excellent transparency, weather resistance, heat resistance and the like.
【００４２】接着剤には、必要に応じて例えば天然物や
合成物の樹脂類、ガラス繊維やガラスビーズ、金属粉や
その他の無機粉末等からなる充填材や顔料、着色剤や酸
化防止剤などの適宜な添加剤を配合することもできる。
また微粒子を含有させて光拡散性を示す接着剤層とする
こともできる。なお、上記の偏光子、位相差板、ＴＡ
Ｃ、接着剤層などの各層は、例えばサリチル酸エステル
系化合物、ベンゾフェノール系化合物、ベンゾトリアゾ
ール系化合物、シアノアクリレート系化合物、ニッケル
錯塩系化合物等の紫外線吸収剤で処理する方式などによ
り紫外線吸収機能をもたせることもできる。The adhesive may be, if necessary, a filler or a pigment, a coloring agent, an antioxidant, or the like, such as natural or synthetic resins, glass fibers, glass beads, metal powder, or other inorganic powder. Can be added.
Further, an adhesive layer exhibiting light diffusing properties can be formed by incorporating fine particles. The above-mentioned polarizer, retardation plate, TA
C, each layer such as an adhesive layer has an ultraviolet absorbing function by a method of treating with an ultraviolet absorbing agent such as a salicylic acid ester compound, a benzophenol compound, a benzotriazole compound, a cyanoacrylate compound, and a nickel complex compound. You can also give it.
【００４３】本発明（１）〜（３）に係る広視野角偏光
板を用い本発明の液晶表示装置を形成する方法は通常の
方法でよい。すなわち、液晶表示装置は一般に、液晶セ
ルと偏光子と光学補償を目的とした位相差板、および必
要に応じての照明システム等の構成部品を適宜に組み立
てて駆動回路を組み込むことなどにより形成されるが、
本発明においては当該広視野角偏光板を液晶セルの一面
側、他面側のいずれか一方または両方に配置する点を除
いて特に限定はない。The method for forming the liquid crystal display device of the present invention using the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plates according to the present invention (1) to (3) may be an ordinary method. That is, a liquid crystal display device is generally formed by appropriately assembling components such as a liquid crystal cell, a polarizer, a retardation plate for optical compensation, and an illumination system as necessary, and incorporating a drive circuit. But
In the present invention, there is no particular limitation except that the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate is disposed on one or both sides of the liquid crystal cell.
【００４４】従って、液晶セルの片側または両側に広視
野角偏光板を配置した液晶表示装置や、照明システムに
バックライトあるいは反射板を用いたものなどの適宜な
液晶表示装置を形成することができる。液晶表示装置の
形成部品は、積層一体化されていてもよいし、分離状態
にあってもよい。また液晶表示装置の形成に際しては、
例えば拡散板やアンチグレア層、反射防止膜、保護層や
保護板、カラーフィルタなどの適宜な光学素子を適宜に
配置することができる。本発明の広視野角偏光板は、Ｖ
Ａ(vertical alignment) 型やＩＰＳ(in-plane-switchi
ng)型等の複屈折を示す液晶セルを用いたＴＦＴ型やＭ
ＩＭ型等の種々の表示装置に好ましく用いうる。Accordingly, it is possible to form a suitable liquid crystal display device such as a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle polarizing plate disposed on one or both sides of the liquid crystal cell, or a device using a backlight or a reflector for an illumination system. . The components of the liquid crystal display device may be laminated and integrated, or may be in a separated state. When forming a liquid crystal display device,
For example, appropriate optical elements such as a diffusion plate, an antiglare layer, an antireflection film, a protective layer or a protective plate, and a color filter can be appropriately arranged. The wide viewing angle polarizing plate of the present invention has a V
A (vertical alignment) type and IPS (in-plane-switchi
ng) type or other TFT type using a liquid crystal cell exhibiting birefringence or M
It can be preferably used for various display devices such as an IM type.
【００４５】図４は、本発明（４）〜（５）の液晶表示
装置の例を示す説明図である。これは、本発明（１）〜
（２）の広視野角偏光板を用いたもので、反射型、透過
型のいずれの型にも対応しうる。反射型では、図４
（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す２種がある。これは、液晶セル
（ＬＣ）４の一面側、他面側のいずれか一方に本発明
（１）〜（２）の広視野角偏光板（ａ：直交型、ｂ：平
行型）を位相差板12側で対面配置し、他方に反射板（Ｒ
Ｐ）５を配置した構造を有する。FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention (4) to (5). This corresponds to the present invention (1)-
It uses the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate of (2) and can correspond to either a reflection type or a transmission type. Fig. 4
There are two types shown in (a) and (b). This is because the wide viewing angle polarizing plate (a: orthogonal type, b: parallel type) of the present invention (1) or (2) is provided with a phase difference on one of the one surface side and the other surface side of the liquid crystal cell (LC) 4. It is arranged facing the plate 12 side, and the other side is a reflection plate (R
P) 5 is arranged.
【００４６】透過型では、図４（ｃ）〜（ｆ）に示す４
種がある。これは、ＬＣ４の一面側、他面側の両方に本
発明（１）〜（２）の広視野角偏光板を位相差板12側で
対面配置した構造を有する。（ｃ）、（ｄ）は広視野角
偏光板の軸配置型がＬＣ４の一面側と他面側で同じもの
（ｃ：直交型、ｄ：平行型）であり、一方、（ｅ）、
（ｆ）は一面側と他面側で相異なるものである。In the transmission type, the 4 shown in FIGS.
There are seeds. This has a structure in which the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plates of the present invention (1) and (2) are arranged on both sides of the LC 4 on one side and the other side on the phase difference plate 12 side. (C) and (d) show that the axial arrangement type of the wide viewing angle polarizing plate is the same on one side and the other side of LC4 (c: orthogonal type, d: parallel type).
(F) is different on one side and the other side.
【００４７】透過型の４種の中では、広視野角偏光板の
軸配置型がＬＣ４の一面側と他面側で相異なる（ｅ）お
よび（ｆ）（⇒本発明（５）を満たすもの）が、他より
も良好な特性を示すので、より好ましい。図５は、本発
明（６）の液晶表示装置の例を示す説明図である。これ
は、本発明（３）の広視野角偏光板を用いたものであ
り、当該広視野角偏光板は位相差板を２枚含むため、反
射型にすると光が往路と復路で位相差板を計４回通過
し、本発明の前提とした設計条件（⇒光は位相差板を２
回通過）に合わなくなる。そのため、本発明（６）は、
透過型のみに対応しうる。Among the four types of transmission type, the axial arrangement type of the wide viewing angle polarizing plate is different on one side and the other side of the LC4 from (e) and (f) (⇒ satisfy the present invention (5)). ) Are more preferred because they exhibit better properties than others. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention (6). This uses the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate of the present invention (3). Since the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate includes two retardation plates, when the reflection type is used, light is transmitted through the outgoing and returning paths. 4 times in total, and the design conditions presupposed by the present invention (⇒ the light
Times). Therefore, the present invention (6)
Only the transmission type can be supported.
【００４８】図５（ａ）は、液晶セル（ＬＣ）４の一面
側に、２枚の位相差板（ＰＦ２、ＰＦ１）12と偏光子
（ＰＯＬ）１とをこの順に配置し、ＰＦ１とＰＦ２の遅
相軸12Ｓは互いに平行とし、ＬＣ４の他面側にＰＯＬ２
を配置した透過型液晶表示装置を示す。「ＰＯＬ／ＰＦ
１／ＰＦ２」のセットが本発明（３）の広視野角偏光板
に該当する。FIG. 5A shows that two retardation plates (PF2, PF1) 12 and a polarizer (POL) 1 are arranged in this order on one side of a liquid crystal cell (LC) 4, and PF1 and PF2 are arranged in this order. The slow axes 12S are parallel to each other, and POL2 is
1 shows a transmission type liquid crystal display device in which is disposed. "POL / PF
The set of “1 / PF2” corresponds to the wide viewing angle polarizing plate of the present invention (3).
【００４９】図５（ｂ）は、液晶セル（ＬＣ）４の一面
側に、２枚の位相差板（ＰＦ１、ＰＦ２）12と偏光子
（ＰＯＬ）１とをこの順に配置し、ＰＦ１とＰＦ２の遅
相軸12Ｓは互いに平行とし、ＬＣ４の他面側にＰＯＬ２
を配置した透過型液晶表示装置を示す。「ＰＯＬ／ＰＦ
２／ＰＦ１」のセットが本発明（３）の広視野角偏光板
に該当する。FIG. 5B shows that two retardation plates (PF1, PF2) 12 and a polarizer (POL) 1 are arranged in this order on one surface side of a liquid crystal cell (LC) 4, and PF1 and PF2 are arranged in this order. The slow axes 12S are parallel to each other, and POL2 is
1 shows a transmission type liquid crystal display device in which is disposed. "POL / PF
The set of “2 / PF1” corresponds to the wide viewing angle polarizing plate of the present invention (3).
【００５０】なお、図４（ｃ）〜（ｆ）および図５で
は、透過型液晶表示装置としてクロスニコル（液晶セル
を挟む偏光子対の吸収軸が互いに直交）型のものを例示
したが、本発明（４）〜（６）はこれに限定されず、平
行ニコル（液晶セルを挟む偏光子対の吸収軸が互いに平
行）型のものにも適用可能である。4 (c) to 4 (f) and FIG. 5, a crossed Nicol type (where the absorption axes of the polarizer pairs sandwiching the liquid crystal cell are orthogonal to each other) is illustrated as the transmission type liquid crystal display device. The present invention (4) to (6) is not limited to this, and can be applied to a parallel Nicol type (the absorption axes of a pair of polarizers sandwiching a liquid crystal cell are parallel to each other).
【００５１】[0051]
【実施例】図４（ｃ）、（ｄ）に示した構造を有する透
過型液晶表示装置において、位相差板の面内異方性とＮ
Z を表１に示すように種々変えた例、および位相差板を
用いない例について、液晶セルを暗状態とし、波長λ＝
550 nmの可視光について透過率（漏光程度）の視角依存
性を計算し、結果を比較した。なお、液晶セルはＶＡ型
とし、そのセル厚は5.2 μｍとした。EXAMPLE In a transmissive liquid crystal display having the structure shown in FIGS. 4C and 4D, the in-plane anisotropy
In the examples in which Z was variously changed as shown in Table 1 and the example in which the retardation plate was not used, the liquid crystal cell was set to a dark state, and the wavelength λ =
The viewing angle dependence of transmittance (degree of light leakage) was calculated for visible light of 550 nm, and the results were compared. The liquid crystal cell was a VA type, and the cell thickness was 5.2 μm.
【００５２】視野角の評価量としては、透過率に第１、
第２の閾値0.30％、0.02％を設け、透過率が第１の閾値
以下を示した視角範囲（第１の視野角α1 ）および第２
の閾値以下を示した視角範囲（第２の視野角α2 ）を採
用した。その結果を表１に示す。The evaluation values of the viewing angle are as follows:
The second threshold values of 0.30% and 0.02% are provided, and the viewing angle range (first viewing angle α 1 ) where the transmittance is equal to or less than the first threshold value and the second viewing angle range
The viewing angle range (second viewing angle α 2 ) showing a value equal to or less than the threshold value was adopted. Table 1 shows the results.
【００５３】[0053]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００５４】表１に示されるように、本発明を満たすも
の（実施例）では満たさないもの（比較例）に比べ第
１、第２の視野角が格段に広いという結果が得られた。As shown in Table 1, it was found that the first and second viewing angles were much wider in the case of satisfying the present invention (Example) than in the case of not satisfying (Comparative Example).
【００５５】[0055]
【発明の効果】かくして本発明によれば、斜め入射時の
偏光状態が垂直入射時と等しくなり、液晶の光学特性の
変化が補償できて、視野角の広い液晶表示装置が具現す
るという優れた効果を奏する。As described above, according to the present invention, the polarization state at the time of oblique incidence becomes equal to that at the time of vertical incidence, the change in the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal can be compensated, and a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle can be realized. It works.
【図１】本発明の広視野角偏光板の構成を示す説明図で
ある。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a wide viewing angle polarizing plate of the present invention.
【図２】３次元直交座標系での光軸の方位と入射角のと
り方を示す説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing how to set the azimuth of an optical axis and an incident angle in a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system.
【図３】透過率の視角依存性におよぼす設計角度の影響
を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of a design angle on the viewing angle dependence of transmittance.
【図４】本発明（４）〜（５）の液晶表示装置の例を示
す説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention (4) to (5).
【図５】本発明（６）の液晶表示装置の例を示す説明図
である。FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an example of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention (6).
【図６】偏光子の視角依存性を示す説明図である。FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the viewing angle dependence of a polarizer.
【図７】屈折率異方性を表す諸変数の定義式を示す説明
図である。FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a definition expression of various variables representing refractive index anisotropy.
【図８】広視野角偏光板の従来例１を示す説明図であ
る。FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing Conventional Example 1 of a wide viewing angle polarizing plate.
【図９】広視野角偏光板の従来例２を示す説明図であ
る。FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing Conventional Example 2 of a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate.
【図10】広視野角偏光板の従来例３を示す説明図であ
る。FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing Conventional Example 3 of a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate.
【図11】広視野角偏光板の従来例４を示す説明図であ
る。FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing Conventional Example 4 of a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate.
【図12】広視野角偏光板の従来例５を示す説明図であ
る。FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing Conventional Example 5 of a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate.
【図13】偏光板の透過率の波長依存性を従来と本発明と
で比較して示すグラフである。FIG. 13 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of the transmittance of a polarizing plate in comparison with the related art and the present invention.
【図14】光学的等方性透明膜を用いた本発明例（図１
（ａ）に付加した例）を示す説明図である。FIG. 14 shows an example of the present invention using an optically isotropic transparent film (FIG. 1)
It is explanatory drawing which shows the example added to (a).
１ 偏光子（第１の偏光子） ２ 偏光子（第２の偏光子） ３ 透明保護膜（ＴＡＣ） ４ 液晶セル ５ 反射板 10 一軸性の位相差板（Ａプレート） 11 一軸性の位相差板（Ｃプレート） 12 二軸性の位相差板 13 光学的等方性透明膜 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Polarizer (1st polarizer) 2 Polarizer (2nd polarizer) 3 Transparent protective film (TAC) 4 Liquid crystal cell 5 Reflector 10 Uniaxial phase difference plate (A plate) 11 Uniaxial phase difference Plate (C plate) 12 Biaxial retardation plate 13 Optically isotropic transparent film
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 2H049 BA01 BA25 BA26 BA27 BA42 BB03 BB33 BB43 BB49 BB51 BB62 BC03 BC14 BC22 2H091 FA08X FA11X FC08 FC09 FD06 FD15 LA19 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2H049 BA01 BA25 BA26 BA27 BA42 BB03 BB33 BB43 BB49 BB51 BB62 BC03 BC14 BC22 2H091 FA08X FA11X FC08 FC09 FD06 FD15 LA19
Claims (6)
直交型の偏光板において、前記位相差板は面内位相差＝
250 〜300 nm、ＮZ ＝0.1 〜0.4 なる複屈折特性を有す
ることを特徴とする広視野角偏光板。1. An orthogonal polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and a biaxial retardation plate superimposed on each other, wherein the retardation plate has an in-plane retardation =
A wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate having a birefringence characteristic of 250 to 300 nm and NZ = 0.1 to 0.4.
平行型の偏光板において、前記位相差板は面内位相差＝
250 〜300 nm、ＮZ ＝0.6 〜1.1 なる複屈折特性を有す
ることを特徴とする広視野角偏光板。2. A parallel type polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and a biaxial phase difference plate superposed thereon, wherein the phase difference plate has an in-plane retardation =
A wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate having birefringence characteristics of 250 to 300 nm and NZ = 0.6 to 1.1.
板側に請求項２記載の位相差板を重ねてなり、または、
請求項２記載の広視野角偏光板の位相差板側に請求項１
記載の位相差板を重ねてなる広視野角偏光板であって、
隣り合う位相差板の遅相軸が互いに平行であることを特
徴とする広視野角偏光板。3. The wide viewing angle polarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein the retardation plate according to claim 2 is superposed on the retardation plate side, or
A wide viewing angle polarizing plate according to claim 2, on the retardation plate side.
A wide viewing angle polarizing plate obtained by stacking the described retardation plates,
A wide viewing angle polarizing plate, wherein the slow axes of adjacent retardation plates are parallel to each other.
方または両方に請求項１または２に記載の広視野角偏光
板が位相差板側で対面配置された構造を有することを特
徴とする液晶表示装置。4. The liquid crystal cell has a structure in which the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate according to claim 1 or 2 is arranged on one side or both sides of the liquid crystal cell on the side of the retardation plate. Liquid crystal display device.
一面側、他面側のいずれか一方では直交型、他方では平
行型である請求項４記載の液晶表示装置。5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the wide viewing angle polarizing plate is an orthogonal type on one of the one surface side and the other surface side of the liquid crystal cell and a parallel type on the other side.
方に請求項３記載の広視野角偏光板が位相差板側で対面
配置された構造を有することを特徴とする液晶表示装
置。6. A liquid crystal display device having a structure in which the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate according to claim 3 is arranged on one side or the other side of the liquid crystal cell on the phase difference plate side. .
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001009150A JP3526830B2 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2001-01-17 | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device |
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| JP2000-106339 | 2000-04-07 | ||
| JP2000106339 | 2000-04-07 | ||
| JP2001009150A JP3526830B2 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2001-01-17 | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device |
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