JP2001314882A - Biological cleaning material - Google Patents

Biological cleaning material

Info

Publication number
JP2001314882A
JP2001314882A JP2000174425A JP2000174425A JP2001314882A JP 2001314882 A JP2001314882 A JP 2001314882A JP 2000174425 A JP2000174425 A JP 2000174425A JP 2000174425 A JP2000174425 A JP 2000174425A JP 2001314882 A JP2001314882 A JP 2001314882A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
microorganisms
biopurification
water
useful
suspension
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2000174425A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazuyuki Iwasaki
和之 岩崎
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DREAMS KK
Original Assignee
DREAMS KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DREAMS KK filed Critical DREAMS KK
Priority to JP2000174425A priority Critical patent/JP2001314882A/en
Publication of JP2001314882A publication Critical patent/JP2001314882A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biological cleaning material as a fixing carrier of useful microorganisms for environmental cleaning being an urgent subject, by using a natural material which is floated and sunk in water, accumulated on the surface of the earth, mixed with soil, easy to handle on a pollution side, used for fixing various microorganisms, not decomposed by microbial action, harmless if discarded, fixed various microorganisms, has good water absorbability and excellent transpiration properties, is chemically stable, excellent in heat resistance and heat insulating properties, easy to obtain, low in cost and present in large quantities, and a method for manufacturing the same. SOLUTION: The biological cleaning material is manufactured by a method wherein perlite or silas balloons and rhyolite type pumice material are molded into a powdery, particulate, lumpy or granular shape to obtain a granular molded article and this granular molded article is immersed in a suspension of microorganisms useful for biological cleaning to adsorb or bond these microorganisms and this molded article is dried in air to manufacture the biological cleaning material which is porous, disposable and harmless.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】 本発明は，汚染サイトの環
境浄化や環境復元のバイオレメデイエーションに使い捨
て可能なバイオ浄化資材およびその製造方法として提供
する。TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention provides a biopurification material disposable for bioremediation for environmental purification and environmental restoration of a contaminated site, and a method for producing the same.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】地球環境の保全への応用に微生物の持つ
多様な能力を活用する技術が進展している。従来からカ
ビ・酵母・細菌等の有用微生物を固定化し、微生物の持
つ生体触媒としての酵素の働きを利用したり，生体化学
反応により生成される各工程の生成物や作用の利用技術
である。エサとして取込むための細胞外酵素（体外酵
素）の分解作用であったり、菌体内での生成物であった
りする。多種多様な微生物の生態は、まだ未知の分野の
多い現状にある。地表のみならず、深海の海底火山帯付
近や７〜８００ｍに及ぶ深部地下水から微生物の存在が
明らかになってきている。地球上の生命体は動物・植物
・そして微生物。微生物の生態や機能の解明は今後も続
くと考えられる。2. Description of the Related Art Techniques for utilizing various capabilities of microorganisms for application to preservation of the global environment have been developed. Conventionally, it is a technique for immobilizing useful microorganisms such as mold, yeast, bacteria, etc., utilizing the action of enzymes as biocatalysts of the microorganisms, or utilizing the products and actions of each step generated by biochemical reactions. It may be the action of decomposing extracellular enzymes (extracorporeal enzymes) to be taken up as food, or may be a product in the cells. The ecology of a wide variety of microorganisms is still present in many unknown fields. The existence of microorganisms has been clarified not only on the ground surface but also near deep seawater volcanic zones and deep groundwater of 7 to 800 m. Life on the planet is animals, plants, and microorganisms. Elucidation of the ecology and function of microorganisms is expected to continue in the future.

【０００３】現在すでに環境保全上の緊急課題として難
分解性化学物質や生物起源の難分解物質・原油や廃油・
重金属等すでに汚染された現場での環境浄化が必要であ
る。物質文明の進展が、自然界の物質循環系に新しい構
造を持つ多くの化合物を造り，石化燃料の大量消費が環
境に重大な影響を及ぼし、重金属類が生活圏に高濃度で
拡散して、土壌や湖沼・地下水汚染等のケミカルハザー
ドを引起こしている。汚染サイトへの直接浄化や環境復
元の技術としてバイオ浄化がある。微生物の生体化学反
応を利用する。しかし、特定の難分解性物質を生体化学
反応で処理できる能力を持つ微生物はある程度限定され
る。分解工程も高分子から低分子へ連鎖的に異なった微
生物の酵素が作用し，分解・無害化する。複合的な汚染
浄化には多種類の微生物が共生する複合的な微生物製剤
が必要である。バイオ浄化に有用な微生物の探索・生態
・機能開発・馴養が重要である。適切な微生物が発見さ
れれば、バイオ浄化は微生物の生命体を用いるため、自
然循環型の環境復元が可能となる。バイオ浄化は比較的
安価で、微生物の世代交代時間が短いにで迅速で柔軟な
現地処理が可能となる。[0003] At present, there are already urgent issues concerning environmental protection, such as refractory chemicals, refractory substances of biological origin, crude oil and waste oil.
It is necessary to purify the environment at the site already contaminated with heavy metals. The development of material civilization has created many compounds with new structures in the natural material cycle, and the massive consumption of petrochemical fuels has a significant impact on the environment. And chemical hazards such as lakes and groundwater pollution. Bio-purification is a technology for direct purification of polluted sites and environmental restoration. Utilizes biochemical reactions of microorganisms. However, the number of microorganisms capable of processing a specific hardly decomposable substance by a biochemical reaction is limited to some extent. In the decomposition process, enzymes of microorganisms that are different in chain from macromolecules to low molecules act to decompose and detoxify. Complex contamination purification requires complex microbial preparations in which various types of microorganisms coexist. It is important to search for microorganisms useful for biopurification, ecology, function development, and nourishment. If appropriate microorganisms are discovered, biopurification uses living organisms of microorganisms, so natural circulation-type environment restoration becomes possible. Biopurification is relatively inexpensive and allows for rapid and flexible on-site treatment with a short generation change time for microorganisms.

【０００４】微生物の固定化担体として植物系・高分子
系・無機質系の多孔質材料が用いられている。微生物の
環境因子として温度・光線・浸透圧・圧力・振動といっ
た物理的要因、栄養・水分・ｐＨ・酸素・化学薬品等の
化学的要因、更にバイオ浄化に重要な拮抗・共生・競合
といった生物学的な要因があり、この諸要因が総て好適
な状態で微生物が増殖する。これらの要因の一つが劣悪
な状態であると微生物は増殖を停止するか死滅すると言
われている。例えば，サンゴと共生していた藻類は海水
温度が２℃上昇した事で死滅し、サンゴの白化現象を引
起こした。バイオ浄化に用いる微生物の固定化する資材
は、回収しなくても環境に無害である物質が便利であ
る。自然界に存在する無機質系の多孔質材料が都合よ
い。最近は，ポーラスセラミックスがバイオ浄化資材と
して着目され、例えば下水汚泥の焼却灰や熔融スラグを
用いる事例があるが、高価で重いという課題がある。ま
た、本当に安全で無害であるとの確証が得られていな
い。[0004] As a carrier for immobilizing microorganisms, porous materials of plant type, polymer type and inorganic type have been used. Physical factors such as temperature, light, osmotic pressure, pressure, and vibration as microbial environmental factors, chemical factors such as nutrients, water, pH, oxygen, chemicals, and biology such as antagonism, symbiosis, and competition that are important for biopurification There are various factors, and the microorganisms grow in a state in which all these factors are suitable. Microbes are said to stop growing or die when one of these factors is in poor condition. For example, algae that coexisted with corals died when the seawater temperature rose by 2 ° C, causing coral bleaching. As a material for immobilizing microorganisms used for biopurification, a substance which is harmless to the environment even if it is not collected is convenient. An inorganic porous material existing in nature is convenient. Recently, porous ceramics have attracted attention as biopurification materials. For example, there are cases where incinerated ash of sewage sludge or molten slag is used, but there is a problem that it is expensive and heavy. Also, there is no evidence that it is truly safe and harmless.

【０００５】汚染サイトの環境復元の方法として、薬剤
を用いた人為的な中和解毒方法がある。しかし、既に物
質文明の進展の中で予期もしなかった新たな難分解性化
合物質で環境汚染を引起こした経験がある。また、農薬
・化学肥料の乱用により、土中微生物バランスを崩した
という経験もしている。薬剤を用いて新たな環境汚染を
引起こす可能性があり、出来るだけ避けたほうが良い。
また、高分子系の微生物固定化担体も開発されている
が、微生物が総て分解しない限り，回収を伴うので避け
た方がよい。特定の微生物を固定化する生分解性高分子
のＰＶＡ担体もあるが、用途が限定されるため，複合的
で複雑な汚染浄化に対処することはできない。多種類の
微生物を固定化できて，自然環境に無害で融合するバイ
オ浄化資材が必要である。As a method of restoring the environment of a contaminated site, there is an artificial neutralization detoxification method using a chemical. However, there is already experience in causing environmental pollution with new persistent compounds that were unexpected in the progress of material civilization. He has also experienced the abuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, disrupting soil microbial balance. The use of chemicals can cause new environmental pollution and should be avoided as much as possible.
In addition, a high-molecular-weight microorganism-immobilized carrier has been developed, but should be avoided as long as the microorganisms are not completely decomposed, because they involve recovery. There is also a biodegradable polymer PVA carrier for immobilizing specific microorganisms, but it is not possible to cope with complex and complicated purification of contamination due to limited applications. Biopurification materials that can immobilize many types of microorganisms and fuse harmlessly with the natural environment are needed.

【０００６】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】バイオレメデイエーシ
ョン（バイオ浄化）で処理する汚染サイトの形態とし
て，水環境では、富栄養化・地下水汚染・難分解性物質
・海底、湖沼底等の有害物質の蓄積・重金属汚染・廃
油、廃油ボール汚染・赤潮やアオコの微生物汚染等であ
り、土壌関係では難分解性の有害化学物質や残留農薬・
重金属汚染・廃棄物埋設施設からの浸出水汚染・土壌侵
食や微生物バランスの崩れによる地力低下等のケミカル
ハザード問題である。汚染浄化や環境復元は，現場で現
実的に対処することが重要であり，二次汚染を引起こし
てはいけない。自然環境に無害で調和するバイオ浄化資
材が求められており，天然資材の中から厳選して用いる
必要がある。As a form of a contaminated site treated by bioremediation (bioremediation), in the water environment, eutrophication, groundwater contamination, hardly decomposable substances, and harmful substances such as the sea floor and lake bottoms are considered. This is due to accumulation, heavy metal pollution, waste oil, waste oil ball pollution, microbial contamination of red tide and blue water, etc.
It is a chemical hazard problem such as heavy metal pollution, leachate pollution from waste burial facilities, soil erosion, and deterioration in the balance of microorganisms due to imbalance in microorganisms. It is important that pollution remediation and environmental restoration are realistically addressed on site, and secondary pollution should not be caused. Biopurification materials that are harmless and harmonious with the natural environment are required, and must be carefully selected from natural materials.

【０００７】本発明のバイオ浄化資材は、水に浮き、水
に沈み、地表に留まり、土中に交ざり、汚染サイトでの
取扱いが容易で、多種多様な微生物が定着し、微生物の
作用で分解されず、廃棄しても無害で、風化してやがて
土にもどる。微生物を吸着または付着して固定化する時
の吸水性が良く、かつ蒸散性にすぐれ、化学的に安定
し、耐熱性や断熱性に優れ、しかも入手が容易でコスト
が安く、大量に存在する天然資材である。緊急課題であ
る環境浄化のバイオ浄化資材とその製造方法を提供す
る。[0007] The biopurifying material of the present invention floats on water, sinks in water, stays on the surface of the earth, intersperses in the soil, is easy to handle at contaminated sites, and has a wide variety of microorganisms colonized by the action of microorganisms. It does not decompose, is harmless when discarded, weathers and eventually returns to the soil. Good water absorption when immobilizing microorganisms by adsorption or adhesion, excellent transpiration, chemically stable, excellent heat resistance and heat insulation, easy to obtain, low cost, and present in large quantities It is a natural material. Provided is a biopurification material for environmental purification, which is an urgent issue, and a method for producing the same.

【０００８】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を達成するため
に本発明は、次の構成を備える。本発明に係るバイオ浄
化資材は加熱発泡した天然ガラス材を主材とした多孔質
体であり，細孔径が数μ〜１００μｍ，嵩比重が０．２
〜２．０ｇ／ｃｍ３，粉末品・粒状品・塊状品を用い
る。独立気泡と連続気孔が混在し，バイオ浄化に有用な
微生物の懸濁液を含侵させて，水切り乾燥させ，胞子や
内胞子状態で担持し，あるいは懸濁液を散布して生菌を
固定化した担体であることを特徴とする。To achieve the above object, the present invention has the following arrangement. The bio-purifying material according to the present invention is a porous material mainly composed of a natural glass material that has been heated and foamed, and has a pore diameter of several μm to 100 μm and a bulk specific gravity of 0.2.
２．０2.0 g / cm 3 , powdered, granular, or lump products are used. Closed cells and continuous pores are mixed, impregnated with a suspension of microorganisms useful for biopurification, drained and dried, and supported in the form of spores and endospores, or sprayed with the suspension to fix live bacteria It is characterized in that it is a carrier that has been converted.

【０００９】天然ガラス材は，黒曜石・真珠岩・松脂岩
からなるパーライト，またはシラス・火山灰からなるシ
ラスバルーンの火山ガラス材および流紋岩系の火山噴出
物の軽石材で天然ガラス質を主成分としている。これら
を単独で用いてもよいし，混合して用いてもよい。抗菌
作用のある酸化チタンの含有量の少ないものを選ぶとよ
い。The natural glass materials are pearlite composed of obsidian, perlite and pine stone, or volcanic glass of shirasu balloon composed of shirasu and volcanic ash, and pumice of rhyolite volcanic eruption materials, and are mainly composed of natural glass. And These may be used alone or as a mixture. It is preferable to select one having a low content of titanium oxide having an antibacterial action.

【００１０】本発明のバイオ浄化資材は粉状品・粒状品
・塊状品で用い，または粉状品を用いて粘土鉱物を結合
材として造粒して，顆粒状・ペレット状等の成形品とし
て汚染サイトの形態に合わせて提供できる。成形する結
合材としての粘土鉱物はベントナイトがよく，３０重量
％程度配合するとよい。穀物や穀物殻の有機微粉を補助
材として１０重量％配合すると造粒・成形性が向上す
る。天然ガラス材は発泡によりバルーン状の独立気泡体
と連通気孔体が存在するので混合することにより，水に
浮かび，水に沈み，水中に漂う資材を提供することがで
きる。[0010] The biopurifying material of the present invention is used in the form of powder, granules, or agglomerates, or by using a powdery product and granulating a clay mineral as a binder to form granules, pellets, or the like. Can be provided according to the type of contaminated site. The clay mineral as the binder to be formed is preferably bentonite, and is preferably blended at about 30% by weight. When 10% by weight of organic fine powder of grains or grain husks is added as an auxiliary material, granulation and formability are improved. Since natural glass material has a balloon-like closed cell body and a continuous air hole body due to foaming, it is possible to provide a material that floats on water, sinks in water, and floats in water by mixing.

【００１１】本発明のバイオ浄化資材に固定化する好気
性または通性嫌気性の微生物で，胞子を形成するカビ・
放線菌や芽胞を持つ細菌類は，純粋培養し馴養強化した
懸濁液に浸漬させて微生物を固定化し，通風乾燥し胞子
または内胞子を休眠状態で担持し，保存して用いること
もできる。また，バイオ浄化に有用な生菌は懸濁液を現
地で散布して用いてもよい。汚染サイトの水処理ではバ
イオ浄化資材を水面に，水中に，そして水底に拡散させ
ることができる。An aerobic or facultatively anaerobic microorganism immobilized on the biopurifying material of the present invention, which forms spores,
Actinomycetes and bacteria having spores can be used by immobilizing the microorganisms by immersing the cells in pure suspension cultured and acclimatized, fixing the microorganisms, drying with aeration, carrying spores or endospores in a dormant state, and storing and using them. In addition, live bacteria useful for biopurification may be used by spraying a suspension on site. Water treatment at contaminated sites can spread biopurification materials to the surface, into the water, and to the bottom.

【００１２】木炭は土壌菌の炭素源となり，有用土壌菌
が増殖する。パーライトや軽石は保水性や空隙率が大き
く，根に酸素や水分を供給できる。木炭や肥料と本発明
のバイオ資材に有用土壌菌を固定化して農業資材として
提供することも出来る。[0012] Charcoal becomes a carbon source of soil bacteria, and useful soil bacteria proliferate. Perlite and pumice have high water retention and porosity, and can supply oxygen and moisture to the roots. A useful soil bacterium can be immobilized on charcoal or fertilizer and the biomaterial of the present invention, and provided as an agricultural material.

【００１３】本発明に係るバイオ浄化資材の製造方法
は，黒曜石・真珠岩・松脂岩からなるパーライト，また
はシラス・火山灰からなるシラスバルーンの火山ガラス
材，および流紋岩系の火山噴出物で天然ガラス質を主成
分とした軽石材を洗浄し加熱・殺菌した天然資源を主材
とし，粉状品・粒状品・塊状品を用い，または粉状品を
粘土鉱物と混合して造粒成形して，顆粒状・成形品とし
て用い，バイオ浄化に有用な微生物の懸濁液に浸漬し，
微生物を吸着させ，通風乾燥し胞子または内胞子を休眠
状態で担持し，または懸濁液を散布し，生菌を付着させ
たバイオ浄化資材として用いる多孔質体であり，細孔径
が数μ〜１００μｍ，嵩比重が０．２〜２．０ｇ／ｃｍ
３，独立気泡と連続気孔が混在することを特徴とする。The method for producing a bio-purifying material according to the present invention is a method for producing a pearlite composed of obsidian, perlite and pine stone, or a volcanic glass material of a shirasu balloon composed of shirasu / volcanic ash, and a rhyolite-based volcanic ejecta. Pumice mainly composed of vitreous material is washed, heated and sterilized, and natural resources are used as the main material. Granules are formed by using powders, granules, or agglomerates, or by mixing powders with clay minerals. Immersed in a microbial suspension useful for biopurification,
It is a porous material that adsorbs microorganisms, is air-dried, carries spores or endospores in a dormant state, or sprays a suspension, and is used as a biopurification material with viable bacteria attached. 100 μm, bulk specific gravity 0.2-2.0 g / cm
3. It is characterized by a mixture of closed cells and open pores.

【００１４】本発明のバイオ浄化資材の粉状品は，醸造
や酵素生産等の食品工業分野の担体としても提供でき
る。また，きのこ栽培の菌体保持材料としても提供でき
る。更に，畜産廃棄物のコンポスト化促進剤や消臭材と
しても提供できる。The biopurification material powder of the present invention can also be provided as a carrier in the food industry such as brewing and enzyme production. Further, it can be provided as a material for retaining bacterial cells for mushroom cultivation. Furthermore, it can be provided as a composting promoter or deodorant for livestock waste.

【００１５】[0015]

【発明の実施の形態】以下本発明の実施の形態を添付図
面に基いて詳細に説明する。図１は本発明のバイオ浄化
資材の製造工程図である。微生物を吸着または付着固定
化する天然ガラス材（１）は，黒曜石・真珠岩・松脂岩
からなるパーライト，またはシラス・火山灰（２）から
なるシラスバルーンの火山ガラス材および流紋岩系の火
山噴出物の天然ガラス質を主成分とした軽石材（３）で
ある。軽石は洗浄・分級（１６）し加熱・殺菌（１５）
した天然資材を選ぶ。これらの天然ガラス材は熱被爆を
し加熱発泡（４）しているので，多孔質体であり，熱伝
導率が低く，化学的に安定し，軽量で，吸水性，蒸散性
に優れている。ｐＨもほぼ中性であり，微生物の定着特
性に合わせて柔軟に対応できる。これらの天然ガラス材
を単独で用いても，混合して用いてもよい。また，粉末
状・粒状・塊状のまま用いても，粉体を粘土鉱物と加水
混錬し造粒して用いても良い。産出量も多く，大量に消
費するバイオ浄化資材としても安価である。天然資源で
使い捨てても無害である。天然ガラス材は自然の中で風
化して，やがて土に戻る。汚染サイトのバイオ浄化資材
として回収する必要もなく最適である。抗菌作用のある
酸化チタンの含有量の少ないものを選ぶとよい。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a production process diagram of the biopurification material of the present invention. The natural glass material (1), which adsorbs or adheres and immobilizes microorganisms, is pearlite composed of obsidian, perlite and pine stone, or volcanic glass material of shirasu balloon composed of shirasu and ash (2) and volcanic eruptions of rhyolite. It is a pumice material (3) whose main component is natural glass. Pumice is washed and classified (16), heated and sterilized (15)
Select the natural material that was used. Since these natural glass materials are exposed to heat and foamed by heating (4), they are porous, have low thermal conductivity, are chemically stable, are lightweight, and are excellent in water absorption and transpiration. . The pH is almost neutral, and can be flexibly adapted to the colonization characteristics of microorganisms. These natural glass materials may be used alone or as a mixture. Further, the powder may be used as it is in the form of powder, granule, or lump, or may be used by kneading and granulating the powder with a clay mineral. It produces a large amount and is inexpensive as a biopurification material to be consumed in large quantities. It is harmless to dispose of natural resources. Natural glass material weathers in nature and eventually returns to the soil. It is optimal because it does not need to be recovered as biopurification material at the contaminated site. It is preferable to select one having a low content of titanium oxide having an antibacterial action.

【００１６】発泡した天然ガラス材は重量調整の対応が
柔軟にできる。例えばパーライトの場合は焼成発泡の過
程で生ずるバグフィルター回収の粉塵（８）はバルーン
状や発泡した気孔体が多く嵩比重が０．０６〜０．２と
極めて軽い。しかし，篩分級（５）等で生ずる微粉
（９）は気孔体が壊れガラス破片がカード状となり密度
が増し，嵩比重が１．８程度まで重くなる。粒状パーラ
イト（６）を解砕整粒（７）すると軽量となり，破砕分
級すると重くなる。更に重くする場合は解砕整流，また
は集塵回収した微粉を粘土鉱物の結合材（１０）と混錬
し加水（１１）し，造粒（１３）すると，数μ〜１００
μｍ程度の多孔質体が得られる。また，補助材（１２）
として穀物や穀物微粉を添加し，補助材を焼損させると
細孔径の大きさや密度が調整できる。更に７５０〜８５
０℃で焼成すると軽量ポーラスセラミックスが得られ
る。しかし，バイオ浄化資材として使い捨てるのには，
セラミックスにするとコストが高くなるので避けた方が
よい。パーライト製造工程で発生する微粉は用途が限定
され，需要がないと産業廃棄物として処分されており，
貴重な天然資源の有効利用が図れる。The foamed natural glass material can flexibly cope with weight adjustment. For example, in the case of perlite, the dust (8) collected from the bag filter generated in the process of baking and foaming has many balloon-like or foamed pores and a very low bulk specific gravity of 0.06 to 0.2. However, the fine powder (9) generated in the sieve classification (5) or the like breaks the pores and turns the glass fragments into a card-like shape, increasing the density and increasing the bulk specific gravity to about 1.8. When the granular pearlite (6) is crushed and sieved (7), it becomes lighter, and when crushed and classified, it becomes heavier. When the weight is further increased, the fine powder collected by crushing and rectification or dust collection is kneaded with a binder (10) made of clay minerals, hydrated (11), and granulated (13).
A porous body of about μm can be obtained. In addition, auxiliary materials (12)
By adding cereal or cereal fine powder and burning the auxiliary material, the size and density of the pore diameter can be adjusted. 750-85
When fired at 0 ° C., a lightweight porous ceramic is obtained. However, for disposable as bio-purifying material,
Ceramics increase the cost and should be avoided. The fine powder generated in the perlite manufacturing process has a limited use, and if there is no demand, it is disposed of as industrial waste.
Precious natural resources can be used effectively.

【００１７】天然ガラス材微粉を造粒して用いる場合
は，結合材としての粘土鉱物はベントナイトとの相性が
良い。ベントナイトは２５〜３０重量％用いると好適で
ある。さらに湿式押出し加工で成形・整粒の補助材とし
て穀物や穀物殻の有機物微粉を５〜１０重量％加えると
造粒しやすい。天然ガラス材の湿式押出し成形は，加水
量が成形する上で重要である。水が多いと崩れ，少ない
と固まらない。混錬した湿潤品の水分調整巾を広めるの
に有機物微粉の補助は有効である。有機物微粉は，コー
ンスターチや小麦粉・蕎麦殻微粉等を加えると造粒性や
成形性が好適となる。微生物が定着するポーラスを壊さ
ない配慮や表面構造を整える効果がある。造粒後は１０
０℃程度で通風乾燥（１４）する。微生物の環境特性等
により，細孔径を制御する目的があれば，有機物が焼損
する加熱が必要となる。有機物の焼損で細孔径の分布や
大きさを整える効果があり，微生物の吸着や付着がし易
い表面構造が得られる。When the natural glass material fine powder is granulated and used, the clay mineral as a binder has good compatibility with bentonite. Bentonite is preferably used in an amount of 25 to 30% by weight. Further, granulation is facilitated by adding 5 to 10% by weight of organic fine powder of grains or grain husks as an auxiliary material for forming and sizing in wet extrusion. Wet extrusion of natural glass material is important for forming the amount of water. It collapses when there is much water, and does not solidify when there is little water. The aid of organic fines is effective in spreading the moisture control width of the kneaded wet product. Addition of corn starch, wheat flour, buckwheat husk fine powder, etc. to the organic fine powder makes granulation and moldability suitable. It has the effect of not breaking the porous material on which the microorganisms settle and breaking the surface structure. 10 after granulation
Dry with air at about 0 ° C (14). If there is a purpose to control the pore size depending on the environmental characteristics of microorganisms, etc., heating to burn organic matter is required. The burnout of the organic substance has the effect of adjusting the distribution and size of the pore diameter, and a surface structure that facilitates adsorption and adhesion of microorganisms can be obtained.

【００１８】本発明のバイオ浄化資材で固定化し担持・
保存する微生物は，バイオ浄化に有用な微生物で胞子を
形成するカビ・放線菌・芽胞を持つ細菌類や好気性・通
性嫌気性生菌である。これらは純粋培養し馴養強化した
有用微生物の懸濁液（１７）等に浸漬させて含侵・着床
させたり，水溶液を散布して付着させても良い。また，
市販流通している微生物複合材の水溶液を散布しても良
い。更に顆粒状浄化材で水溶液を造り散布して用いても
良い。いずれにしろ，微生物を水に溶かして吸着または
付着させて微生物担体（１８）として用いる。また，通
風乾燥（１９）し胞子または内胞子を休眠状態で担持
し，水処理（２０）用や土壌処理（２１）用のバイオ浄
化資材として保存して用いることもできる。バイオ浄化
に有用な生菌や嫌気性の微生物は懸濁液や密閉容器ある
いはゲル化したものを水溶液で増量し資材に散布する
が，取扱いに専門知識を要する。The bio-purifying material of the present invention is used to fix and carry
The microorganisms to be preserved are fungi that are useful for biopurification, bacteria that have spores, molds, actinomycetes, spores, and aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. These may be immersed in a suspension (17) of useful microorganisms purely cultured and acclimated for impregnation and implantation, or may be adhered by spraying an aqueous solution. Also,
An aqueous solution of a commercially available microbial composite material may be sprayed. Further, an aqueous solution may be prepared and dispersed with a granular purifying material. In any case, the microorganism is dissolved in water to be adsorbed or adhered, and used as a microorganism carrier (18). Alternatively, the spores or endospores can be supported in a dormant state by ventilation drying (19) and stored and used as a biopurification material for water treatment (20) or soil treatment (21). For viable bacteria and anaerobic microorganisms useful for biopurification, suspensions, sealed containers or gelled ones are increased in aqueous solution and sprayed on materials, but handling requires specialized knowledge.

【００１９】微生物の能力を活用するとき，微生物の保
存方法は極めて重要である。世代交代時間が短いので，
進化したり変異したりする。継代培養保存法等で移植し
ていても変異し，期待する能力が維持できない事があ
る。種菌を長期保存して，常に安定した性能を維持させ
る手段としての微生物の特性に合わせた適正保存方法は
基本的で重要な技術である。胞子を形成するカビ・放線
菌・芽胞を持つ細菌類は休眠状態を保ち新陳代謝量を押
さえ，栄養分の消耗や代謝物の生成物を押さえれば長期
保存が可能である。担体保存法は土壌・海砂・シリカゲ
ルなどが良く用いられる。本発明の天然ガラスを主材と
したバイオ浄化資材も担体保存が可能である。具体的に
は，微生物を吸着・付着させて乾燥し，空気遮断すれば
好気性菌や通性嫌気性菌の保存が可能で，担体保存の
資材としても提供出来るWhen utilizing the ability of microorganisms, the preservation method of microorganisms is extremely important. Because the generation change time is short,
Evolve and mutate. Even when transplanted by subculturing and preservation, the mutation may occur and the expected ability may not be maintained. As a means of preserving inoculum for a long time and always maintaining stable performance, proper preservation methods suitable for the characteristics of microorganisms are basic and important techniques. Bacteria that have spore-forming fungi, actinomycetes, and spores can be stored for a long period of time if they remain dormant and suppress metabolism, and if they suppress nutrient depletion and metabolite products. As the carrier preservation method, soil, sea sand, silica gel and the like are often used. The biopurification material mainly comprising the natural glass of the present invention can also be stored on a carrier. Specifically, if microorganisms are adsorbed and adhered, dried, and shut off from air, aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria can be stored, and they can be provided as materials for carrier storage.

【００２０】微生物の***速度（世代時間）は数１０分
〜数時間であり，その間で成長・増殖・世代交代を行
う。例えば呼吸活性はヒトと比較して等価重量で換算す
ると，カビ類が１０〜５０培，酵母類が５０〜１００
培，細菌類が１００〜３０００培の酸素を吸収するとい
われている。微生物は高い代謝能で動・植物と共生す
る。牛は草を食み胃腸に存在する膨大な微生物が生産す
る菌体外酵素の作用や自前の消化酵素で植物セルロース
を次第に分解し，良質な蛋白質に変換している。植物は
土中に存在する有機質に生息する微生物の代謝活性の副
産物である菌体外酵素や分解したミネラルや水分や熱・
栄養素を根から吸収して成長する。動・植物は微生物と
共生して，その酵素を利用し生命を維持しているのであ
る。土壌に木炭をすき込むと菌根菌・根粒菌・空中窒素
固定菌などの有用微生物が繁殖してくる。これらが繁殖
すると分解された酵素が根から吸収されて植物の成長が
促進される。作物の場合は増収に繋がる。野菜の増収ば
かりでなく、芝や果樹の生育や杉・松と言った樹木にも
成長促進効果が確認されている。木炭は土壌有用菌の炭
素源となり，土壌改良資材である。パーライトや軽石は
保水性や空隙率が大きく空気を捕捉する。育苗資材とし
ても好適資材である。木炭（２２）や肥料（２３）と本
発明のバイオ資材に有用土壌菌を固定化して農業資材
（２４）として提供することも出来る。The division speed (generation time) of the microorganism is several tens of minutes to several hours, during which growth, multiplication, and generation alternation are performed. For example, when the respiratory activity is calculated by equivalent weight as compared with humans, fungi are 10 to 50 cultures and yeasts are 50 to 100 cultures.
It is said that cultures and bacteria absorb 100-3000 cultures of oxygen. Microorganisms coexist with animals and plants with high metabolic capacity. Cows eat grass and gradually decompose plant cellulose by the action of extracellular enzymes produced by a huge number of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract and by their own digestive enzymes, and convert them to high-quality proteins. Plants produce extracellular enzymes, degraded minerals, moisture, heat, and other substances that are by-products of the metabolic activity of microorganisms that inhabit organic matter in the soil.
It grows by absorbing nutrients from the roots. Animals and plants coexist with microorganisms and use their enzymes to maintain life. When charcoal is introduced into the soil, useful microorganisms such as mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobia, and aerial nitrogen fixing bacteria proliferate. As they propagate, the degraded enzymes are absorbed from the roots and plant growth is promoted. In the case of crops, this leads to increased sales. In addition to increased sales of vegetables, it has been confirmed that the growth of turf and fruit trees and the growth of trees such as cedar and pine also have a growth promoting effect. Charcoal is a carbon source for useful soil bacteria and is a soil improvement material. Perlite and pumice have high water retention and porosity and trap air. It is also a suitable material for raising seedlings. A useful soil bacterium can be immobilized on the charcoal (22) or the fertilizer (23) and the biomaterial of the present invention, and provided as an agricultural material (24).

【００２１】汚染サイトの処理の形態は対症浄化であ
る。緊急かつ柔軟に汚染領域の現場で処理する。水処理
であれば，水面に浮き，水中を漂い，水底に沈む粉末状
や顆粒状にして散布できると好適である。事態により空
中散布が必要かも知れない。水面で拡散し，水底で分散
して環境に調和する状態が好ましい。土壌汚染の地表面
は粉末状や顆粒状で散布するが，汚染が地中に拡散して
いる場合は，汚染領域を分離し，土壌洗浄で水処理か，
汚染土壌と混錬して処理することとなる。担体事態は土
壌と融合することが重要である。何れにしろ処理対象物
と有用微生物を確実に遭遇させ，その後の無害化処理は
微生物の活力に委ねることとなる。浄化資材そのものは
不要となり，環境に無害でなければいけない。天然ガラ
ス材のパーライト・シラスバルーン・軽石は，やがて風
化して土に戻り自然循環する。また，汚染サイトは水処
理と土壌処理が共存するケースが殆どである。バイオ浄
化資材は，水処理と土壌処理に対応できる嵩密度の調整
が必要機能となる。天然ガラス材はその要求機能に柔軟
に対応できる。粉体・粒状・塊状・造粒状で用いること
が可能であり，微生物の固定密度に差異はあるが，懸濁
液の濃度調整で補填できる。現地で扱い易く，環境に無
害な資材として提供できる。The form of treatment of the contaminated site is symptomatic purification. Emergency and flexible treatment at the site of the contaminated area. In the case of water treatment, it is preferable that the powder can be sprayed in the form of powder or granules that float on the water surface, float in the water, and sink to the bottom of the water. Aerial application may be necessary depending on the situation. It is preferable that the material is diffused on the water surface and dispersed on the water bottom to be in harmony with the environment. The surface of soil contamination is scattered in powder or granular form. If the contamination is spreading in the ground, the contaminated area is separated and treated with soil washing or water treatment.
It will be kneaded with the contaminated soil and treated. It is important that the carrier situation fuses with the soil. In any case, the object to be treated and the useful microorganism are surely encountered, and the subsequent detoxification treatment is left to the vitality of the microorganism. Purification materials themselves are unnecessary and must be harmless to the environment. The perlite, shirasu balloon, and pumice made of natural glass material eventually weather and return to the soil and circulate naturally. In most cases, water treatment and soil treatment coexist at contaminated sites. The function of biopurifying materials is a function that requires adjustment of the bulk density to be compatible with water treatment and soil treatment. Natural glass materials can flexibly meet the required functions. It can be used in the form of powder, granules, agglomerates, or granules. The fixed density of microorganisms differs, but can be compensated for by adjusting the concentration of the suspension. It is easy to handle locally and can be provided as a material harmless to the environment.

【００２１】[0021]

【実施例１】以下実施例に基いて説明するが，本発明は
これらの例によって何等限定されるものではない。[Embodiment 1] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

【表１】 表１は天然ガラス材の化学成分・物性特性・微生物の担
体機能を示す。天然ガラス材は軽量の流紋岩系のマグマ
から生成され，火山帯や火山活動時期により多少成分が
異なるが大差ない。火山の噴火によりマグマの上層部の
溶岩が地表近くの冷却速度の差で流紋岩や黒曜石や真珠
岩となり，火砕流等で噴出された軽石や火山灰が火山ガ
ラスと呼ばれている。大爆発をしたカルデラ火山の周辺
には，流紋岩系の岩や軽石，火山灰となって豊富に存在
する。ベントナイト鉱床も火山ガラスや流紋岩質の凝灰
岩から変性したといわれ，成因および成分は同じような
もの。農業分野で土壌改良材として古くから用いられて
おり，粘土質の水田には微生物や藻類がよく定着し，稲
の生育がよいことが知られている。バイオ浄化資材とし
ての微生物の担体機能は，素性の知れてる明治製菓の環
境浄化バイオ製剤（商品名：ビーエヌクリーン）として
市場に流通しているバシラス系の細菌を基準菌として用
いた。固定化した生菌数の検査方法は食品関係で行う一
般生菌検査法で，懸濁液を造り希釈法でシャレーに２４
時間培養し，コロニーの数から生菌数を計測する方法で
保持温度は対象菌の増殖しやすい温度で恒温庫で保持す
る。ＢＮ菌は内胞子を造るので，バイオ浄化資材として
の担体保存性についても計測した。その結果，１ヶ月程
度で半減するが，保存状態を工夫すれば，胞子，内胞子
状態の微生物の担体保存も可能であることが確認でき
た。[Table 1] Table 1 shows the chemical components, physical properties, and microbial carrier functions of natural glass materials. Natural glass material is produced from lightweight rhyolite magma, and its composition differs slightly depending on the volcanic zone and volcanic activity, but there is no great difference. Due to the volcanic eruption, the lava in the upper part of the magma becomes rhyolite, obsidian, and pearlite due to the difference in cooling rate near the surface. Pumice and volcanic ash ejected by pyroclastic flows are called volcanic glass. Around the caldera volcano where the explosion occurred, there are abundant rocks, pumice and volcanic ash. The bentonite deposit is said to have been modified from volcanic glass and rhyolite tuff, and its origin and composition are similar. It has been used for a long time as a soil conditioner in the agricultural field, and it is known that microorganisms and algae settle well in clayey paddy fields and that rice grows well. As a reference microorganism, a Bacillus-type bacterium which is marketed as an environmental purification biopharmaceutical of Meiji Seika (trade name: BNCLEAN) is used as a reference bacterium. The test method for the number of immobilized viable bacteria is a general viable test method for foods.
The cells are cultured for a period of time, and the number of viable bacteria is counted from the number of colonies. Since BN bacteria produce endospores, the preservability of the carrier as a biopurification material was also measured. As a result, it was confirmed that it was possible to save the spores and endospores of the microorganism carrier if the storage conditions were devised, although it was halved in about one month.

【００２２】[0022]

【実施例２】Embodiment 2

【表２】 表２は微生物を固定化するバイオ浄化資材である。用途
は異なるがそれぞれ市場で用いられている微生物を固定
化する資材である。資料Ａがバイオ浄化資材である。資
料Ｂは有機廃棄物処理用のポーラスセラミックスであ
る。資料Ｃの杉チップは生ゴミ・畜産廃棄物のコンポス
ト化で用いる菌床材である。資料Ｄ，Ｅ，Ｆは廃水処理
や汚水処理用の流動床である。固定する生菌数が多いと
素早い効果が期待される。バイオ浄化の場合は確実に微
生物を担持し，微生物のエサ場である汚染領域まで分散
する機能がより重視される。その点から面積当たりの菌
密度が重要な特性となる。閉鎖環境で用いるこれまでの
微生物担体と自然の開放環境で用いるバイオ浄化資材の
機能は異なる。が，これまでの閉鎖環境で用いられてい
る資材と同程度の固定生菌数が確認できた事から，閉鎖
環境の資材としても機能を発揮する可能性が確認でき
た。[Table 2] Table 2 shows biopurification materials for immobilizing microorganisms. These materials are used for immobilizing microorganisms used in the market, although they have different uses. Material A is a biopurification material. Material B is a porous ceramic for treating organic waste. The cedar chips in Material C are fungal bed materials used for composting garbage and livestock waste. Materials D, E and F are fluidized beds for wastewater treatment and sewage treatment. If the number of viable bacteria to be fixed is large, a quick effect is expected. In the case of biopurification, the function of reliably carrying microorganisms and dispersing them to a contaminated area, which is a feeding ground for microorganisms, is more important. From that point, the bacterial density per area is an important characteristic. The functions of conventional microbial carriers used in closed environments and biopurification materials used in open natural environments are different. However, it was confirmed that the number of fixed viable bacteria was about the same as that of the materials used in the closed environment, and it was confirmed that it could function as a material in the closed environment.

【００２３】[0023]

【実施例３】バイオ浄化資材を用いて畜産廃棄物の消臭
効果およびコンポスト化の促進効果を一対比較で検討し
た。Example 3 The deodorizing effect of livestock waste and the effect of promoting composting using biopurification materials were examined in a pairwise comparison.

【表３】 消臭効果は検知管によるアミン類濃度とアンモニア濃度
を計測したコンポスト化の促進は減量重量の比較を行っ
た。[Table 3] The deodorizing effect was measured by measuring the amines concentration and ammonia concentration by the detector tube.

【００２４】[0024]

【実施例４】園芸生産ハウスで農業資材としての有用性
を比較した結果一覧表である。 バチルスチュリンゲンシス（ＢＴ菌‥‥微生物農薬）に
よる効果 菌根菌，園芸用土としての効果[Example 4] This is a list of the results of comparing usefulness as agricultural materials in horticultural production houses. Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT bacteria ‥‥ microbial pesticide) Mycorrhizal fungi, horticultural soil

【表４】[Table 4]

【００２５】[0025]

【発明の効果】本発明に係るバイオ浄化資材によればバ
イオ浄化に有用な微生物の機能開発や機能改良強化とい
ったスクリーニングが終了し，安全性が確認され馴養・
強化する方法が確立すれば，バイオ浄化資材として汚染
サイトの水処理，汚泥処理に柔軟に対応でき，既に汚染
された環境浄化や微生物の増殖による環境復元といった
自然循環型の環境保全に寄与する事ができる。バイオ浄
化資材として粉体・粒状・塊状・更に造粒しても微生物
の固定化が可能である。何よりも現地で使い捨てても天
然ガラス材であり，風化してやがて土に融合する。ま
た，無機質であり，化学的に安定し，しかも大量に安く
供給できる。好適なバイオ浄化資材として提供できる。According to the biopurification material of the present invention, screening for the development and enhancement of the function of microorganisms useful for biopurification has been completed, and safety has been confirmed.
If a strengthening method is established, it will be possible to flexibly cope with water treatment and sludge treatment of contaminated sites as a biopurification material, and contribute to natural circulation-type environmental conservation, such as purification of already contaminated environment and restoration of environment by the proliferation of microorganisms. Can be. Microorganisms can be immobilized as a bio-purifying material even if it is powdered, granular, massive, or granulated. Above all, it is a natural glass material even if it is thrown away locally, and weathers and eventually fuses with the soil. It is inorganic, chemically stable, and can be supplied in large quantities at low cost. It can be provided as a suitable biopurification material.

【００２６】本発明に係るバイオ浄化資材によれば，湖
沼や河川の水面・水中・水底の汚染領域に対して，有用
微生物を担持して配達が可能となる。重量調整が容易で
嵩の異なる天然ガラス材を混合することで特に優れた効
果が期待できる。連通気孔体と独立気候体の混合割合を
調整すれば，水域全域に有効に作用することが期待でき
る。特に胞子や内胞子を持つ微生物であれば，例えば緊
急な赤潮やアオコといった対応に空中散布して，被害を
最少減に留める機動的な対応が出来る。薬剤散布による
二次汚染の可能性が殆ど解消する。タンカーの油流出事
故等の対応も素早く出来る。同様にまた微生物農薬が開
発できれば，周期的に大発生するバッタやイナゴの大軍
による食料の害虫被害を最小限に留めることが可能とな
る。According to the bio-purifying material of the present invention, it is possible to carry and deliver useful microorganisms to polluted areas on the water surface, in the water, and on the water bottom of lakes and rivers. Particularly excellent effects can be expected by mixing natural glass materials having different bulks with easy weight adjustment. By adjusting the mixing ratio of the continuous vent and the independent climatic body, it can be expected that it will work effectively in the whole water area. In particular, microorganisms having spores or endospores can be aggressively sprayed in the air to respond to urgent red tides and blue-green algae, for example, to minimize damage. The potential for cross-contamination due to drug application is almost eliminated. Quick response to tanker oil spills. Similarly, if microbial pesticides could be developed, it would be possible to minimize the damage of food pests by the large army of grasshoppers and locusts that occur periodically.

【００２７】本発明に係るバイオ浄化資材によれば，畜
産廃棄物のコンポスト化の促進や畜舎の悪臭の緩和は，
既存の有用微生物を用いて容易に対応できる。これまで
用途が比較的限定されていたＢＮ菌等も広く普及でき
る。僅か数１０分で世代交代を行う微生物の代謝能力の
活用は，危機的な地球環境を修復できる可能性がある。
微生物を固定化する好適な資材が本発明で明らかになっ
た。天然ガラスの持つポーラスは天然資材であり，同じ
気孔体はひとつもない。気孔体の構造が多様で，気孔径
が様々である。定着する微生物の大きさに柔軟に対応が
できる。しかも，無機質であることから微生物の作用で
担体自体が分解される心配がない。また，生命体に対し
て無害である。例えばパーライトは食品添加物として使
用される位の安全性が証明されている。有用微生物の驚
異的な能力を適正に利用する技術が普及できれば，自然
循環型の環境保全が促進される。According to the biopurifying material of the present invention, the promotion of composting of livestock waste and the reduction of bad smell in livestock barns are
It can be easily handled using existing useful microorganisms. BN bacteria whose use has been relatively limited until now can be widely spread. Exploiting the metabolic capacity of microorganisms that change generations in just a few tens of minutes can potentially restore a critical global environment.
Suitable materials for immobilizing microorganisms have been identified in the present invention. The porous material of natural glass is a natural material, and there is no single porous material. The structure of the pores is diverse and the pore diameter is varied. It can flexibly respond to the size of microorganisms that settle. Moreover, since the carrier is inorganic, there is no fear that the carrier itself is decomposed by the action of microorganisms. It is harmless to living organisms. For example, perlite has proven to be safe enough to be used as a food additive. If technologies that properly utilize the amazing ability of useful microorganisms can be spread, natural circulation-type environmental conservation will be promoted.

【００２８】本発明のバイオ浄化資材の主材は天然ガラ
ス材のパーライトや軽石・火山灰である。これを加熱殺
菌しているので，無菌状態である。有用微生物が定着し
易い環境にある。製造工程で発生するパーライト微粉は
需要が限定され，余れば廃棄されていた。微生物が定着
し易いという有用性が極めて高く，天然資源の有効利用
が確実にできる。また，パーライトや軽石は古くから育
苗・園芸用土に用いられていた。保水性・断熱性・高空
隙性の特徴が活用されていた。今回の発明は，更に微生
物がその生体化学反応による細胞外酵素の作用で根の成
長度合いが大きく異なり，植物活性が高まり，従来の酸
素・水分・温度に加え栄養素の吸収性が促進され，成長
が早まる事が証明できた。制御がし易い水耕農法を発端
としてより積極的な微生物を活用した本来の有機農法が
普及すると考えられる。また，有害な農薬や化学肥料の
過度な依存から脱却し，デッドスパイラルに歯止めが掛
る効果も期待出来る。The main materials of the biopurification material of the present invention are perlite of natural glass material, pumice and volcanic ash. Since this is heat sterilized, it is sterile. It is in an environment where useful microorganisms can easily colonize. The demand for pearlite fine powder generated in the manufacturing process was limited, and the remaining was discarded. The usefulness that microorganisms can easily colonize is extremely high, and the effective use of natural resources can be ensured. In addition, perlite and pumice have been used for nursery and horticultural soil since ancient times. The characteristics of water retention, heat insulation and high porosity were utilized. According to the present invention, the growth rate of roots is greatly different due to the action of extracellular enzymes due to the biochemical reactions of microorganisms, the plant activity is increased, and the absorption of nutrients in addition to conventional oxygen, moisture and temperature is promoted, Was proved to haveten. It is thought that the original organic farming method using more aggressive microorganisms will spread, starting from the hydroponic farming method that is easy to control. In addition, it can be expected to break away from the excessive dependence on harmful pesticides and chemical fertilizers and stop the dead spiral.

【００２９】本発明のバイオ浄化資材は，従来の閉鎖環
境で用いる微生物固定担体と異なり，汚染サイトの開放
された自然環境を充分に配慮したバイオ浄化資材であ
る。本発明により，微生物の有効利用を巾広く適用でき
る条件が整ったに過ぎない。今後のバイオリアクター・
バイオマスといった技術の進展と共に，有用微生物の生
態や機能・スクリーニング・馴養強化といった技術やｐ
ｐｂ単位の環境ホルモン物質を探索できる微生物センサ
ーや酵素センサーといった微生物の能力解明が待たれ
る。本発明のバイオ浄化資材は未知の微生物の担体とし
ても無機質で天然資材であることから柔軟に対応できる
と期待される。The bio-purifying material of the present invention is a bio-purifying material that takes into account the natural environment in which a contaminated site is open, unlike the conventional microorganism-fixed carrier used in a closed environment. According to the present invention, only conditions for effectively utilizing microorganisms can be widely applied. Future bioreactors
With the development of technologies such as biomass, the ecology and function of useful microorganisms
The elucidation of the ability of microorganisms such as microbial sensors and enzyme sensors that can search for pb-level endocrine disrupters is expected. The biopurifying material of the present invention is expected to be able to flexibly cope with it as a mineral and natural material even as a carrier for unknown microorganisms.

【００３０】[0030]

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】 バイオ浄化資材の製造工程図である。FIG. 1 is a production process diagram of a biopurification material.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ 天然ガラス ２ 火山灰・シラス ３ ガラス質軽石 ４ 加熱発泡 ５ 分級工程 ６ 粒状品 ７ 解砕整粒 ８ 集塵微粉 ９ 粉状品 １０ 結合材 １１ 水 １２ 補助材 １３ 造粒・成形 １４ 乾燥 １５ 加熱・殺菌 １６ 洗浄・分級 １７ 懸濁液含侵 １８ 微生物担体 １９ 乾燥 ２０ 水処理 ２１ 土壌処理 ２２ 木炭等 ２３ 肥料等 ２４ 農業資材 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Natural glass 2 Volcanic ash / shirasu 3 Vitreous pumice 4 Heat foaming 5 Classification process 6 Granular product 7 Crushing and sizing 8 Dust collection fine powder 9 Powdery product 10 Binder 11 Water 12 Auxiliary material 13 Granulation / molding 14 Drying 15 Heating・ Sterilization 16 Washing / Classification 17 Suspension impregnation 18 Microorganism carrier 19 Drying 20 Water treatment 21 Soil treatment 22 Charcoal etc. 23 Fertilizer etc. 24 Agricultural materials

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｃ０５Ｇ 3/00 １０１ Ｃ０５Ｇ 3/00 １０１ Ｃ１２Ｎ 1/00 Ｃ１２Ｎ 1/00 Ｓ 11/14 11/14 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C05G 3/00 101 C05G 3/00 101 C12N 1/00 C12N 1/00 S 11/14 11/14

Claims (10)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 主材は黒曜石・真珠岩・松脂岩からなる
パーライト，またはシラス・火山灰からなるシラスバル
ーンの火山ガラス材および流紋岩系の火山噴出物の天然
ガラス質を主成分とした軽石材である。これらを単独
で，または，混合して用いることにより，細孔径が数μ
〜１００μｍ，嵩比重が０．２〜２．０ｇ／ｃｍ３，独
立気泡と連続気孔が混在した多孔質材となり，バイオレ
メデイエーション（バイオ浄化）に有用な微生物の懸濁
液に侵漬し，または懸濁液を散布して，微生物を吸着ま
たは付着させた微生物を固定化した担体であり，現地で
使い捨てても無害であることを特徴とする。The main material is a pearlite composed of obsidian, perlite and pine resin, or a volcanic glass material of a shirasu balloon composed of shirasu / volcanic ash and a light glass mainly composed of natural glassy material of volcanic products of rhyolite. It is stone. By using these alone or as a mixture, the pore size can be several μm.
１００100 μm, bulk specific gravity 0.2-2.0 g / cm 3 , a porous material with a mixture of closed cells and continuous pores, immersed in a suspension of microorganisms useful for bioremediation (biopurification), Alternatively, it is a carrier on which microorganisms immobilized by adhering or adhering microorganisms by spraying a suspension are characterized by being harmless even if disposable locally. 【請求項２】 主材が粉状品・粒状品・塊状品を単独ま
たは混合して用いることを特徴とする請求項１記載のバ
イオ浄化資材。2. The biopurifying material according to claim 1, wherein the main material is a powder, a granular product, or a lump product used alone or in combination. 【請求項３】 主材を粉砕し結合材に１種類以上の粘土
鉱物を用いて顆粒状・ペレット状に造粒・成形すること
を特徴とする請求項１および２記載のバイオ浄化資材3. The bio-purifying material according to claim 1, wherein the main material is pulverized and granulated and formed into granules and pellets using at least one kind of clay mineral as a binder. 【請求項４】 生菌の状態で，または乾燥させ微生物が
胞子や内胞子の休眠状態で担持することを特徴とする請
求項１，２および３記載のバイオ浄化資材4. The biopurifying material according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism is carried in a live state or dried and the microorganism is carried in a spore or endospore dormant state. 【請求項５】 主材を混合して用いることにより，水に
浮かび，水に沈み，水中に漂う部材が存在することを特
徴とする請求項１，２，３および４記載のバイオ浄化資
材。5. The biopurification material according to claim 1, wherein a material that floats on water, sinks in water, and floats in water is present by using a mixture of main materials. 【請求項６】 抗菌作用のある酸化チタンの含有量の少
ないものを選ぶことを特徴とする請求項１，２，３，４
および５記載のバイオ浄化資材。6. An antibacterial titanium oxide having a low content of titanium oxide is selected.
And the biopurification material according to 5. 【請求項７】 軽石材は洗浄し加熱殺菌している事を特
徴とする請求項１，２，３，４，５および６記載のバイ
オ浄化資材。7. The biopurification material according to claim 1, wherein the pumice material is washed and sterilized by heating. 【請求項８】 微生物の代りに酵素を担持させて用いる
ことを特徴とする請求項１おとび２記載の微生物活性資
材8. The microbial active material according to claim 1, wherein an enzyme is used instead of the microorganism. 【請求項９】 有用土壌菌を固定化して木炭や肥料や種
子と混合して用いることを特徴とする請求項１，２，
３，４，５，６および７記載の農業資材。9. The method according to claim 1, wherein useful soil bacteria are immobilized and mixed with charcoal, fertilizer or seed.
Agricultural materials according to 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. 【請求項１０】 製造方法は，黒曜石・真珠岩・松脂岩
からなるパーライト，またはシラス・火山灰からなるシ
ラスバルーンの火山ガラス材，および流紋岩系の火山噴
出物で天然ガラス質を主成分とした軽石材を洗浄し加熱
・殺菌して主材とし，粉状品・粒状品・塊状品を用い，
または粉状品を粘土鉱物と混合して造粒成形して，顆粒
状・成形品として用い，バイオ浄化に有用な微生物の懸
濁液に浸漬し，微生物を吸着させ，通風乾燥し胞子また
は内胞子を休眠状態で担持し，または懸濁液を散布し，
生菌を付着させたバイオ浄化資材として用いる多孔質体
であり，細孔径が数μ〜１００μｍ，嵩比重が０．２〜
２．０ｇ／ｃｍ３，独立気泡と連続気孔が混在すること
を特徴とするバイオ浄化資材の製造方法。10. A method of manufacturing the method, wherein the method comprises the steps of: producing a pearlite composed of obsidian, perlite and pine stone; or a volcanic glass material of a shirasu balloon composed of shirasu / volcanic ash; The pumice material is washed, heated and sterilized to make it the main material, using powdered, granular, and lump products.
Alternatively, the powdered product is mixed with a clay mineral, granulated, and used as granules / molded product. The product is immersed in a suspension of microorganisms useful for biopurification, adsorbed by microorganisms, air-dried, and spores or internal Carrying the spores dormant or spraying the suspension,
A porous material used as a bio-purifying material to which live bacteria are attached, having a pore diameter of several μm to 100 μm and a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 to
A method for producing a biopurification material, comprising 2.0 g / cm 3 , wherein closed cells and open pores are mixed.
JP2000174425A 2000-05-09 2000-05-09 Biological cleaning material Pending JP2001314882A (en)

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