JP2001192322A - Cosmetic for hair - Google Patents

Cosmetic for hair

Info

Publication number
JP2001192322A
JP2001192322A JP2000001370A JP2000001370A JP2001192322A JP 2001192322 A JP2001192322 A JP 2001192322A JP 2000001370 A JP2000001370 A JP 2000001370A JP 2000001370 A JP2000001370 A JP 2000001370A JP 2001192322 A JP2001192322 A JP 2001192322A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
hair
hair growth
effect
cosmetic
growth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2000001370A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP4162823B2 (en
Inventor
Junichi Matsui
順一 松井
Takeshi Ikemoto
毅 池本
Sachiyo Hirotsu
祥代 廣津
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kanebo Ltd
Original Assignee
Kanebo Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kanebo Ltd filed Critical Kanebo Ltd
Priority to JP2000001370A priority Critical patent/JP4162823B2/en
Publication of JP2001192322A publication Critical patent/JP2001192322A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4162823B2 publication Critical patent/JP4162823B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hair cosmetic which has an excellent alopecia-preventing effect and an excellent hair-restoring effect for alopecia, and to provide a hair cosmetic which has excellent effects for hair restoration, hair growth, alopecia prevention, scurf prevention, and so forth. SOLUTION: This cosmetic for hair characterized by containing gefarnate.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、良好な血行促進作
用を有し、育毛効果及び養毛効果、脱毛予防、ふけ防止
等の効果に優れた頭髪用化粧料に関する。さらに詳しく
は、ゲファルナートを用いることにより、脱毛症に対し
て優れた脱毛予防効果及び育毛効果を有することを特徴
とする頭髪用化粧料に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cosmetic for hair having a good blood circulation promoting effect, and having excellent hair-growth and hair-growth effects, hair loss prevention, dandruff prevention and the like. More specifically, the present invention relates to a cosmetic for hair characterized by having excellent hair loss preventing and hair-growth effects against alopecia by using gefarnate.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】脱毛症は血行の不全、毛母細胞活性の低
下や性ホルモンのアンバランス等の様々な要因が複雑に
絡み合って生じていると考えられているが、発生機作が
未だ十分に解明されていないのが現状である。従来、ト
ウガラシチンキ、センブリエキス、朝鮮ニンジンエキ
ス、ニコチン酸、ニコチン酸メチル等の頭皮の血行促進
物質等を配合してなる養毛化粧料が知られている。しか
しながら、これら血行促進物質は、皮膚刺激が顕著であ
る為、育毛、脱毛防止、ふけ防止等の効果を充分に発現
する程に配合することは難しく、微量でも有効なる物質
の発見にまでは至っていない。近年では、育毛に男性ホ
ルモンが関与し、DNAレベルで情報を伝達し、毛髪の
ケラチン合成を抑制し、毛髪の成長が低下し、最終的に
脱毛を促進させることが示唆されている。しかしなが
ら、抗男性ホルモン作用物質を配合しても、脱毛を抑制
する緩和な効果は認められるが、発毛を促進させる効果
は十分ではない。また、現在、注目されているカリウム
チャンネルオープナーであるミノキシジルには、発毛促
進作用を有することが報告されており、本薬剤の効果
は、微弱な血行促進効果に起因することが推察されてい
る。
2. Description of the Related Art Alopecia is thought to be caused by various factors such as insufficiency in blood circulation, decreased hair matrix activity, and imbalance of sex hormones. It has not been clarified yet. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, hair growth cosmetics containing a scalp blood circulation promoting substance such as pepper tincture, pepper extract, Korean ginseng extract, nicotinic acid, and methyl nicotinate have been known. However, since these blood circulation promoting substances are remarkably irritating to the skin, it is difficult to mix them so as to sufficiently exhibit the effects of hair growth, hair loss prevention, dandruff prevention, etc. Not in. In recent years, it has been suggested that male hormones are involved in hair growth, transmit information at the DNA level, suppress keratin synthesis in hair, reduce hair growth, and ultimately promote hair loss. However, even when an antiandrogen compound is added, a mild effect of suppressing hair loss is recognized, but an effect of promoting hair growth is not sufficient. In addition, it has been reported that minoxidil, a potassium channel opener that is currently receiving attention, has a hair growth promoting effect, and it is speculated that the effect of this drug is due to a weak blood circulation promoting effect. .

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的とすると
ころは、脱毛症に対して優れた脱毛予防効果及び育毛作
用を有する頭髪用化粧料を提供するにある。そして、育
毛、養毛、脱毛予防、ふけ防止等の効果に優れた頭髪用
化粧料を提供することにある。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a hair cosmetic composition having an excellent hair loss preventing effect and a hair-growth effect against alopecia. It is another object of the present invention to provide a hair cosmetic composition having excellent effects such as hair growth, hair growth, hair loss prevention and dandruff prevention.

【0004】[0004]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者等は、このよう
な状況に鑑み、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、下記構造式
(1)で示されるゲファルナートを有効成分として用い
ることによって、毛成長促進に優れた効果を示し、ふけ
防止予防効果にも著効を呈することを見出して本発明を
完成するに至った。即ち、本発明は、ゲファルナートを
含有することを特徴とする、育毛、養毛、脱毛予防、ふ
け防止等の効果に優れた頭髪用化粧料にある。
Means for Solving the Problems In view of such a situation, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and as a result, have found that gefarnate represented by the following structural formula (1) is used as an active ingredient to promote hair growth. The present invention has been found to exhibit excellent effects, and also has a remarkable effect in preventing and preventing dandruff, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the present invention resides in a hair cosmetic composition which contains gefarnate and is excellent in effects such as hair growth, hair growth, hair loss prevention, and dandruff prevention.

【0005】[0005]

【化1】 Embedded image

【0006】[0006]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施形態について
詳述する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

【0007】本発明に用いる上記一般式(1)で表わさ
れるゲファルナート(ゲファルネート)は、ファルネシ
ル酢酸(5,9,13-trimethyl-4,8,12-tetradecatrienoic
acid)とゲラニオール(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadieno
l)のエステルであり、淡黄色〜黄色の澄明油状物質で
ある。従来、医療用製剤原料として用いられており、胃
潰瘍、十二指腸潰瘍に効果があり、粘液中のヘキソサミ
ン量を増加させ粘膜抵抗性を増強すると共にその修復を
促進し、粘膜の血流量を増加させる等の効果があること
が知られているが、ゲファルナートに育毛効果があるこ
とは全く知られていない。
[0007] Gefarnate (gefarnate) represented by the above general formula (1) used in the present invention is farnesyl acetic acid (5,9,13-trimethyl-4,8,12-tetradecatrienoic).
acid) and geraniol (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadieno)
l) is a pale yellow to yellow clear oily substance. Conventionally, it is used as a raw material for medical preparations, is effective for gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, increases the amount of hexosamine in mucus, enhances mucosal resistance, promotes its repair, increases blood flow of mucosa, etc. It is known that gefarnate has a hair-growth effect, but it is not known at all.

【0008】ゲファルナートは、公知のエステル化の方
法でファルネシル酢酸とゲラニオールから容易に合成す
ることができる。また、通常市販されているものをその
まま、或いは蒸留等によって精製した後に使用すること
も可能である。
[0008] Gefarnate can be easily synthesized from farnesyl acetic acid and geraniol by a known esterification method. It is also possible to use a commercially available product as it is or after purifying it by distillation or the like.

【0009】本発明に係る化合物の頭髪用化粧料中への
配合量は特に制限されないが、頭髪用化粧料総量を基準
として、好ましくは、0.05〜10.0質量%(以
下、%とする)であり、更に好ましくは0.1〜5.0
%である。化合物の配合量が0.05%未満では本発明
の目的とする効果が十分に得られない場合があり、配合
量が10.0%を越えても、その増加分に見合った効果
の向上は望めない場合があり、使用時の感触が悪くなり
易く、個々の剤型を保持し難くなる場合がある。
The amount of the compound according to the present invention in the cosmetic for hair is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 10.0% by mass (hereinafter referred to as%) based on the total amount of the cosmetic for hair. And more preferably 0.1 to 5.0.
%. If the compounding amount of the compound is less than 0.05%, the intended effect of the present invention may not be sufficiently obtained, and even if the compounding amount exceeds 10.0%, the improvement of the effect corresponding to the increase may not be achieved. In some cases, it may not be possible, and the feel at the time of use tends to deteriorate, and it may be difficult to hold individual dosage forms.

【0010】本発明の頭髪用化粧料は、例えば、ヘアー
トニック、ヘアーローション、ヘアークリーム、シャン
プー、リンス、ヘアーフォーム、ヘアージェル、エアゾ
ール等の直接頭皮に塗布する剤形に配合し、常法に従い
製造することができる。
[0010] The hair cosmetic of the present invention is formulated into a dosage form directly applied to the scalp, such as a hair tonic, a hair lotion, a hair cream, a shampoo, a rinse, a hair foam, a hair gel, an aerosol, etc. Can be manufactured.

【0011】本発明の頭髪用化粧料には、色素、香料、
殺菌剤、防腐剤、角質溶解剤、抗炎症剤、抗アンドロゲ
ン剤、養毛剤、抗酸化剤、清涼剤、生薬抽出物やビタミ
ン類等を、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲内で適宜配合
することができる。
[0011] The hair cosmetic composition of the present invention includes a pigment, a fragrance,
Bactericides, preservatives, keratolytic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-androgens, hair tonics, antioxidants, fresheners, crude drug extracts, vitamins, etc. are appropriately blended within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present invention. Can be.

【0012】[0012]

【実施例】以下、実施例及び比較例に基いて本発明を詳
細に説明する。尚、本発明はこれらに限定されるもので
はない。
The present invention will be described below in detail based on examples and comparative examples. Note that the present invention is not limited to these.

【0013】実施例で用いたゲファルナートは、市販品
を減圧蒸留により精製したものを用いた。
As the gefarnate used in the examples, a commercially available product purified by distillation under reduced pressure was used.

【0014】尚、実施例に記載のマウス毛成長促進効果
試験法、ヒト頭髪毛成長促進効果試験法及び実用試験法
を下記に示す。
The mouse hair growth promoting effect test method, the human hair growth promotion effect test method and the practical test methods described in the Examples are shown below.

【0015】(1)C3Hマウス毛成長促進効果試験法 C3Hマウス(8週齢、オス、平均重量35g)の背部
皮膚(2cm×4cm)を電気バリカン及びシェーバー
で刈り、翌日より実施例及び比較例の各試料を被験部皮
膚に朝夕2回、一匹当り0.2mLを二週間連用塗布し
た。一試料に対して動物一群10匹使用した。塗布開始
14日目に各試料の被験部皮膚をビデオカメラに撮影
し、画像解析装置にて毛刈り部及び発毛部の面積を測定
した。養毛効果の判定は、下記に示す発毛率(%)を算
出し、実施例または比較例の各群の発毛率平均値を求め
て比較を行った。 発毛率(%)=(発毛部の面積)/(毛刈り部の面積)
×100
(1) Test Method for Promoting Hair Growth of C3H Mice A back skin (2 cm × 4 cm) of a C3H mouse (8 weeks old, male, average weight 35 g) was cut with an electric clipper and a shaver, and the examples and comparative examples were started the next day. Each sample was applied to the skin of the test portion twice a day in the morning and evening at a rate of 0.2 mL per animal for two weeks. A group of 10 animals was used for one sample. On the 14th day from the start of application, the skin of the test portion of each sample was photographed with a video camera, and the areas of the shaved portion and the hair growth portion were measured with an image analyzer. The hair growth effect was determined by calculating the hair growth rate (%) shown below, and calculating the average value of the hair growth rate of each group of the examples or the comparative examples. Hair growth rate (%) = (Area of hair growth part) / (Area of shaved part)
× 100

【0016】(2)ヒト頭皮毛成長促進効果試験法 男性型脱毛症患者である被試験者10名の頭部の耳の上
5cmの位置の頭髪を左右2ヶ所に於いて直径1cmの
円形状に剃毛した被験部位に、実施例及び比較例の各試
料を左側に毎日朝夕2回、約3mL塗布し、無処置の右
側と比較した。効果の判定は、試験開始後28日目に、
左右の被験部位の毛髪各々20本ずつを剃毛し、下記の
式で求めた値で毛成長促進度を評価した。 毛成長促進度 = (B)/(A) (A):右側(無処置)の毛20本の長さの平均値 (B):左側(実施例及び比較例の試料を塗布)の毛2
0本の長さの平均値
(2) Human scalp hair growth-promoting effect test method The hair of 5 test subjects above the ears of the heads of 10 test subjects with male pattern baldness was formed into a circular shape having a diameter of 1 cm at two places on the left and right. Approximately 3 mL of each sample of Example and Comparative Example was applied to the left side of the test site twice a day every morning and evening and compared with the untreated right side. The effect was determined on the 28th day after the start of the test.
Twenty hairs at each of the left and right test sites were shaved, and the degree of hair growth promotion was evaluated by the value obtained by the following equation. Degree of hair growth promotion = (B) / (A) (A): Average value of length of 20 right hairs (untreated) hairs (B): Left hair (samples of Examples and Comparative Examples applied) 2
Average length of 0 lines

【0017】(3)実用試験法 男性型脱毛症患者である被試験者10名の頭部に毎日朝
夕2回、連続6カ月間塗布した後の効果を評価した。試
験結果は、育毛効果、脱毛予防効果、ふけ防止効果の各
項に対して、「生毛が剛毛化した或いは生毛が増加し
た」、「脱毛が少なくなった」、「ふけが少なくなっ
た」と回答した人数で示した。
(3) Practical test method The effects of application to the heads of 10 test subjects who are male pattern baldness patients twice daily in the morning and evening for 6 consecutive months were evaluated. The test results show that for each item of hair growth effect, hair loss prevention effect, and dandruff prevention effect, “hair has become bristle or hair has increased,” “hair loss has decreased,” and “hair loss has decreased. And the number of respondents.

【0018】実施例1〜2、比較例1〜2(オイリーヘ
アートニック) 下記の原料組成に於いて、第1表に記載のごとく、各種
毛成長促進物質を配合して各々のヘアートニックを調製
し、前記の諸試験を実施した。
Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-2 (oily hair tonic) In the following raw material composition, as shown in Table 1, various hair growth promoting substances were blended to prepare each hair tonic. Then, the various tests described above were performed.

【0019】 (1)組成 原料成分 配合量(%) (A)・オリーブオイル 5.0 ・イソプロピルミリステート 2.0 ・イソプロピルメチルフェノール 0.05 ・ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル 0.5 (B)・毛成長促進物質 第1表に記載 (C)・エタノール 60.0 ・グリセリン 5.0 ・D−パンテノール 0.2 ・香料 0.1 ・メチルパラベン 0.1 ・精製水 残 部(1) Composition Raw material components Blending amount (%) (A) ・ Olive oil 5.0 ・ Isopropyl myristate 2.0 ・ Isopropylmethylphenol 0.05 ・ Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 0.5 (B)・ Hair growth promoting substances listed in Table 1 (C) ・ Ethanol 60.0 ・ Glycerin 5.0 ・ D-Panthenol 0.2 ・ Fragrance 0.1 ・ Methylparaben 0.1 ・ Purified water balance

【0020】(2)製造法 (B)成分中、ゲファルナートは(A)成分中に、トウ
ガラシチンキは(C)成分中に溶解し、(A),(C)
成分を各々均一に溶解した後、(A)成分と(C)成分
を混合攪拌分散し、次いで容器に充填する。使用時には
内容物を均一に振盪分散して使用する。
(2) Production method In component (B), gefarnate is dissolved in component (A), and pepper tincture is dissolved in component (C), and (A), (C)
After the components are uniformly dissolved, the components (A) and (C) are mixed, stirred and dispersed, and then filled into a container. When used, the contents are shaken and dispersed uniformly.

【0021】(3)特性 各オイリーヘアートニックの諸試験を実施した結果を第
1表に記載した。第1表に示すごとく、本発明の頭髪用
化粧料である実施例1、2は、比較例と比して高い発毛
促進作用を示した。
(3) Characteristics Table 1 shows the results of various tests performed on each oily hair tonic. As shown in Table 1, Examples 1 and 2, which are the cosmetics for hair of the present invention, exhibited a higher hair growth promoting effect as compared with Comparative Examples.

【0022】 [表1] マウス ヒト ヒト実用試験 毛成長促進物質 発毛率 頭髪毛成 脱毛 ふけ (配合量%) (%) 長促進度 育毛 防止 防止 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 実施例1 ゲファルナート 76±7 1.25 8 9 12 (0.1) 実施例2 ゲファルナート 80±8 1.30 10 11 14 (0.5) 比較例1 無配合 38±6 1.02 3 4 4 比較例2 トウガラシチンキ 41±4 1.05 4 4 3 (0.1)[Table 1] Mouse Human Human practical test Hair growth-promoting substance Hair growth rate Hair growth Depilation (Dose amount (%) (%) Long promotion degree Prevention of hair growth Prevention --------------- −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Example 1 Gefarnate 76 ± 7 1.25 8 9 12 (0.1) Example 2 Gefarnate 80 ± 8 1.30 10 11 14 (0.5 Comparative Example 1 No blending 38 ± 6 1.02 3 4 4 Comparative Example 2 Pepper tincture 41 ± 4 1.05 4 4 3 (0.1)

【0023】実施例3〜11(ヘアートニック) 下記の処方のヘアートニックを常法により調製した。 エタノール 60.0 ゲファルナート 0.5 血行促進剤・毛母細胞賦活剤 表2に記載 プロピレングリコール 1.0 香料 0.1 メントール 0.2 精製水 残 部Examples 3 to 11 (Heart tonic) Hair tonics having the following formulation were prepared by a conventional method. Ethanol 60.0 Gefarnate 0.5 Blood circulation promoter / hair mother cell activator Described in Table 2 Propylene glycol 1.0 Fragrance 0.1 Menthol 0.2 Purified water Balance

【0024】 [表2] 実施例3 センブリ抽出液 5.0 実施例4 ムラサキセンブリ抽出液 5.0 実施例5 朝鮮人参抽出液 5.0 実施例6 竹節人参抽出液 5.0 実施例7 ビタミンEアセテート 0.1 実施例8 ジイソプロピルアミンジクロロアセテート 0.2 実施例9 D−パントテニルエチルエーテル 0.2 ニコチン酸アミド 0.1 実施例10 トウガラシチンキ 0.5 実施例11 ニコチン酸ベンジル 0.05[Table 2] Example 3 Assembly extract 5.0 Example 4 Purple extract 5.0 Example 5 Ginseng extract 5.0 Example 6 Bamboo ginseng extract 5.0 Example 7 Vitamins E-acetate 0.1 Example 8 Diisopropylamine dichloroacetate 0.2 Example 9 D-pantothenyl ethyl ether 0.2 Nicotinamide 0.1 Example 10 Pepper tincture 0.5 Example 11 Benzyl nicotinate 0.05

【0025】[0025]

【発明の効果】以上記載の如く、本発明が顕著な毛成長
促進効果を示し、育毛効果、脱毛予防、及びふけ防止効
果に優れた頭髪用化粧料を提供することは明らかであ
る。
As described above, it is apparent that the present invention provides a hair cosmetic which has a remarkable hair growth promoting effect and is excellent in hair growth effect, hair loss prevention and dandruff prevention effects.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Fターム(参考) 4C083 AA112 AA122 AC102 AC122 AC182 AC351 AC352 AC472 AC482 AC642 AC812 AC852 AD662 CC37 DD23 EE22 EE23  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 4C083 AA112 AA122 AC102 AC122 AC182 AC351 AC352 AC472 AC482 AC642 AC812 AC852 AD662 CC37 DD23 EE22 EE23

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 ゲファルナートを含有することを特徴と
する頭髪用化粧料。
1. A hair cosmetic comprising gefarnate.
JP2000001370A 2000-01-07 2000-01-07 Hair cosmetics Expired - Lifetime JP4162823B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000001370A JP4162823B2 (en) 2000-01-07 2000-01-07 Hair cosmetics

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000001370A JP4162823B2 (en) 2000-01-07 2000-01-07 Hair cosmetics

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2001192322A true JP2001192322A (en) 2001-07-17
JP4162823B2 JP4162823B2 (en) 2008-10-08

Family

ID=18530609

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JP2004043318A (en) * 2002-07-09 2004-02-12 Kanebo Ltd Hair tonic
JP2006045086A (en) * 2004-08-02 2006-02-16 Kanebo Cosmetics Inc Hair tonic
US7531209B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2009-05-12 Michael Raymond Ayers Porous films and bodies with enhanced mechanical strength
US7790234B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2010-09-07 Michael Raymond Ayers Low dielectric constant materials prepared from soluble fullerene clusters
US7875315B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2011-01-25 Roskilde Semiconductor Llc Porous inorganic solids for use as low dielectric constant materials
US7883742B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2011-02-08 Roskilde Semiconductor Llc Porous materials derived from polymer composites
US7919188B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2011-04-05 Roskilde Semiconductor Llc Linked periodic networks of alternating carbon and inorganic clusters for use as low dielectric constant materials

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JPH05331025A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-14 Toray Ind Inc Hair tonic and growing agent
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004043318A (en) * 2002-07-09 2004-02-12 Kanebo Ltd Hair tonic
JP2006045086A (en) * 2004-08-02 2006-02-16 Kanebo Cosmetics Inc Hair tonic
US7531209B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2009-05-12 Michael Raymond Ayers Porous films and bodies with enhanced mechanical strength
US8034890B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-10-11 Roskilde Semiconductor Llc Porous films and bodies with enhanced mechanical strength
US7790234B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2010-09-07 Michael Raymond Ayers Low dielectric constant materials prepared from soluble fullerene clusters
US7875315B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2011-01-25 Roskilde Semiconductor Llc Porous inorganic solids for use as low dielectric constant materials
US7883742B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2011-02-08 Roskilde Semiconductor Llc Porous materials derived from polymer composites
US7919188B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2011-04-05 Roskilde Semiconductor Llc Linked periodic networks of alternating carbon and inorganic clusters for use as low dielectric constant materials

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