JP2001153324A - Method for treating residue at furnace bottom of gasification melting furnace - Google Patents
Method for treating residue at furnace bottom of gasification melting furnaceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001153324A JP2001153324A JP2000245260A JP2000245260A JP2001153324A JP 2001153324 A JP2001153324 A JP 2001153324A JP 2000245260 A JP2000245260 A JP 2000245260A JP 2000245260 A JP2000245260 A JP 2000245260A JP 2001153324 A JP2001153324 A JP 2001153324A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- gasification
- melting furnace
- fluidized
- sieve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 71
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010332 dry classification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011802 pulverized particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、前段が流動床式ガ
ス化炉、後段が溶融炉で構成されるガス化溶融炉に関
し、特に前段の流動床式ガス化炉で発生する炉底残渣の
処理方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gasification / melting furnace having a fluidized bed gasifier at the first stage and a melting furnace at the second stage, and more particularly to a furnace bottom residue generated in the fluidized bed gasifier at the first stage. It relates to a processing method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】流動床ガス化炉と溶融炉を組合せること
により、廃棄物をダイオキシン類を発生することなく燃
焼し、同時に廃棄物中の灰分を溶融スラグとして回収す
るガス化溶融炉が知られている。ガス化溶融炉の焼却不
燃物には流動床ガス化炉で発生する炉底残渣、溶融炉で
発生する溶融スラグと溶融飛灰があるが、炉底残渣につ
いて流動床式焼却炉の事例で説明する。2. Description of the Related Art There is known a gasification and melting furnace which combines a fluidized-bed gasification furnace and a melting furnace to burn waste without generating dioxins and at the same time recovers ash in the waste as molten slag. Have been. The incineration of incineration in gasification and melting furnaces includes furnace bottom residues generated in a fluidized bed gasifier, molten slag and molten fly ash generated in a melting furnace, and the furnace bottom residues are explained in the case of a fluidized bed incinerator. I do.
【０００３】流動床式焼却炉より鉄、非鉄金属を選別
し、塩分や重金属による汚染の度合いの大きい０.３mm
以下の微粒子（これは大粒径粒子に付着して同伴するも
のが多い）は微粉体分離機で補集後、ホッパに確保す
る。破砕装置と篩により、粒径が５〜１２mm、２〜５m
m、０.３〜２mmのものに製品をわける。０.３〜２mmの
製品はアルカリ洗浄等で重金属を溶解し、徹底した無害
化を行っている。製品は骨材として有効利用ができる
が、システムの煩雑さや洗浄による排水処理の問題が残
る。[0003] Ferrous and non-ferrous metals are sorted out from a fluidized bed incinerator, and 0.3 mm, which is highly contaminated by salt and heavy metals.
The following fine particles (which are often attached to large-diameter particles and accompanying them) are collected in a fine powder separator and then secured in a hopper. Particle size is 5-12mm, 2-5m by crusher and sieve
m, the product is divided into 0.3 to 2 mm. For products of 0.3 to 2 mm, heavy metals are dissolved by alkali washing or the like, and thorough detoxification is performed. Although the product can be effectively used as aggregate, problems remain in the complexity of the system and wastewater treatment by washing.
【０００４】また、炉底残渣は一般には磁選されるケー
スもあるが、多くはそのまま最終処分場に向かってしま
い、最終処分場の処分残余容量が減少しつつある現状か
ら、資源の有効利用と最終処分場の延命を図る必要があ
る。[0004] Furnace bottom residues are generally magnetically selected in some cases. However, most of them go directly to the final disposal site, and the residual disposal capacity of the final disposal site is decreasing. It is necessary to extend the life of the final disposal site.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記従来技
術の問題点に鑑みなされたもので、流動床式ガス化炉で
発生する炉底残渣を安全に、かつ簡素化された設備で資
源化することができるガス化溶融炉の炉底残渣の処理方
法を提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and has been developed in consideration of the above problem. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating a bottom residue of a gasification and melting furnace that can be converted into a gas.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上述の目的を達成するた
め、本発明の第１の態様は、前段が流動床式ガス化炉、
後段が溶融炉で構成されるガス化溶融炉において、前記
流動床式ガス化炉の炉底残渣から流動媒体を篩分けによ
り回収して流動床式ガス化炉に送って再使用し、炉底残
渣中の金属分は選別回収し、非金属はこすり合わせによ
り表面の汚染を除去した後に利用することを特徴とする
ガス化溶融炉の炉底残渣の処理方法である。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fluidized bed gasifier comprising:
In a gasification melting furnace in which the latter stage is constituted by a melting furnace, a fluidized medium is recovered from the bottom residue of the fluidized-bed gasifier by sieving, sent to a fluidized-bed gasifier, and reused. This is a method for treating a bottom residue of a gasification and melting furnace, wherein a metal component in a residue is sorted and collected, and a non-metal is used after removing surface contamination by rubbing.
【０００７】本発明の第２の態様は、前段が流動床式ガ
ス化炉、後段が溶融炉で構成されるガス化溶融炉におい
て、前記流動床式ガス化炉の炉底残渣から流動媒体を篩
分けにより回収して流動床式ガス化炉に送って再使用
し、炉底残渣中の金属分は選別回収し、非金属は破砕し
て元来ある粉体分と、非金属の破砕時に発生した粉体分
とを篩により除去した後に、非金属分を利用することを
特徴とするガス化溶融炉の炉底残渣の処理方法である。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in a gasification-melting furnace having a fluidized-bed gasification furnace in the first stage and a melting furnace in the second stage, the fluidized medium is removed from the bottom residue of the fluidized-bed gasification furnace. It is collected by sieving and sent to a fluidized bed gasifier for reuse.The metal content in the furnace bottom residue is sorted and recovered, and the nonmetal is crushed and the original powder content is mixed with the crushed nonmetal. A method for treating a bottom residue of a gasification and melting furnace, wherein a non-metal component is used after removing generated powder components by a sieve.
【０００８】本発明の第３の態様は、前段が流動床式ガ
ス化炉、後段が溶融炉で構成されるガス化溶融炉におい
て、前記流動床式ガス化炉の炉底残渣から流動媒体を篩
分けにより回収して流動床式ガス化炉に送って再使用
し、炉底残渣中の金属分は選別回収し、非金属は、粉砕
後に粉体を流動床式ガス化炉に送り、流動床式ガス化炉
の気流によって飛灰とともに溶融炉に送り、該溶融炉で
溶融スラグ化することを特徴とするガス化溶融炉の炉底
残渣の処理方法である。According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a gasification / melting furnace comprising a fluidized bed gasifier at a first stage and a melting furnace at a later stage, wherein a fluidized medium is removed from a bottom residue of the fluidized bed gasifier. It is collected by sieving and sent to a fluidized bed gasifier for reuse.The metal content in the furnace bottom residue is sorted and collected.For nonmetals, powder is sent to a fluidized bed gasifier after pulverization and fluidized. This is a method for treating a bottom residue of a gasification and melting furnace, wherein the bottom is sent to a melting furnace together with fly ash by an airflow of a bed-type gasification furnace and is melted in the melting furnace.
【０００９】本発明においては、流動床式ガス化炉は流
動床温度を５００〜６００℃の比較的低温にしているた
め、従来の焼却炉では溶けて飛散していたアルミニウム
（融点６６０℃）は炉底に残る。しかも炉内が還元雰囲
気であるため、鉄、銅、アルミニウム等の金属が未酸化
状態で、かつ付着可燃物が除去されて回収できる。In the present invention, the fluidized bed gasifier has a fluidized bed temperature of relatively low temperature of 500 to 600 ° C., so that aluminum (melting point of 660 ° C.) which has been melted and scattered in the conventional incinerator is dispersed. It remains at the hearth. Moreover, since the inside of the furnace is in a reducing atmosphere, metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum are in an unoxidized state, and adhered combustibles are removed and can be recovered.
【００１０】流動床式ガス化炉の炉底残渣は、流動媒体
と共に排出されるが、流動媒体は磁力選別機、非鉄金属
選別機にかける前、又はかけた後、またはどちらか一方
にかけた後のいずれかの個所からでも篩（振動篩等）に
よって分離できる。篩のサイズは４mm程度が適切で、篩
を通過したものは流動媒体として再使用される。そし
て、篩上のものは再資源化される。The bottom residue of a fluidized-bed gasifier is discharged together with a fluidized medium, and the fluidized medium is subjected to a magnetic separator, a non-ferrous metal separator, or after being subjected to one or both. Can be separated by a sieve (vibrating sieve or the like). The size of the sieve is appropriately about 4 mm, and the material that has passed through the sieve is reused as a fluid medium. And what is on the sieve is recycled.
【００１１】炉床残渣は、金属選別の効率から、大粒径
側と小粒径側に分けて選別していくことが望ましい。例
えば回転篩により、１５mmを境にふるい分けする。ただ
し個々の選別機は、処理時間帯を大粒径側と小粒径側と
でずらし、運用によって兼用とすることは可能である。
大粒径側は、１次磁選機（吊下げ磁選機等）によって大
物の鉄を除去し、さらに非鉄金属選別機の分離効率の向
上と、非鉄金属選別機の鉄のまきこみによる損傷を防ぐ
意味で、２次磁選機で鉄を精密選別する。The hearth residue is desirably sorted on the large particle size side and the small particle size side in view of metal sorting efficiency. For example, sieving is performed on a rotary sieve at a boundary of 15 mm. However, it is possible for each of the sorting machines to shift the processing time zone between the large particle size side and the small particle size side, and to share the processing time.
On the large particle size side, the primary magnetic separator (suspension magnetic separator, etc.) removes large iron, further improves the separation efficiency of non-ferrous metal separators, and prevents damage to non-ferrous metal separators caused by iron entrapment. Then, the iron is precisely sorted by the secondary magnetic separator.
【００１２】非鉄金属選別機は回転ドラムに磁石を配置
し、非鉄金属が磁界を横切る時に発生するうず電流と磁
力線により発生する力によって非鉄金属（アルミニウ
ム、真ちゅう、銅等）を遠くに飛ばし、非金属（石、ガ
ラス、陶器等）を分離する回転ドラム式のものが多い。
大粒径側は粒度の幅が広く、一括して一度に非鉄金属選
別機で処理するのは、分離効率の悪化をもたらし、大粒
径側を篩によりさらに粒度の異なる２種類に分け（例え
ば３０mmを境にする）て、個別に非鉄金属を選別するの
が好ましい。炉底残渣の小粒径も、１次磁選、２次磁
選、非鉄金属選別の順で選別される。The non-ferrous metal sorter arranges magnets on a rotating drum, and blasts non-ferrous metals (aluminum, brass, copper, etc.) far by an eddy current generated when the non-ferrous metal crosses a magnetic field and a force generated by magnetic field lines, There are many rotary drum types that separate metals (stone, glass, pottery, etc.).
The large particle size side has a wide range of particle sizes, and the simultaneous treatment with a non-ferrous metal sorter at once results in a decrease in separation efficiency. The large particle size side is further divided into two types having different particle sizes by a sieve (for example, Preferably, the non-ferrous metals are individually sorted. The small particle size of the furnace bottom residue is also sorted in the order of primary magnetic separation, secondary magnetic separation, and non-ferrous metal separation.
【００１３】以下、本発明の第１の態様、第２の態様、
第３の態様別に内容を説明する。Hereinafter, the first and second aspects of the present invention will be described.
The contents will be described according to the third aspect.
【００１４】本発明の第１の態様は以下のようである。
上述のようにして金属分が選別除去された炉底残渣では
あるが、おおよそ０.３mm以下の微粒子は塩分や重金属
による汚染の度合いが大きく、これらの微粒子はより大
粒径の粒子の表面にも付着している。これらの表面汚染
を除去する手段として、本発明の１態様においては、ア
ルカリ洗浄ではなく、磨砕機によって粒子表面の微粒子
をこすり落とす方法を用いたものである。磨砕機の一例
として、磨砕機内に粒子の滞留時間を持たせた部屋を設
け、滞留部の側壁を圧迫、拡散しながら粒子に上下左右
の運動をさせ、粒子の表面に付着した汚染源となる微粒
子を相互のこすり合わせによって除去する構造のものが
ある。The first aspect of the present invention is as follows.
Although the furnace bottom residue from which the metal content has been separated and removed as described above, fine particles of approximately 0.3 mm or less have a high degree of contamination with salt and heavy metals, and these fine particles are deposited on the surface of the larger-sized particles. Is also adhered. As a means for removing these surface contaminations, in one embodiment of the present invention, a method in which fine particles on the particle surface are rubbed off with a grinder is used instead of alkali cleaning. As an example of the attritor, a room with a residence time for the particles is provided in the attritor, and the particles move upward, downward, left and right while compressing and diffusing the side wall of the retention portion, and become a contamination source attached to the surface of the particles. There is a structure in which fine particles are removed by mutual rubbing.
【００１５】本発明の第２の態様は以下のようである。
金属分が除去された炉底残渣は、発生時、塩分や重金属
による汚染の度合いは表面積に大きく依存し、従って単
位質量あたりの汚染物質量は小粒径ほど大きいため、非
金属を建設資材等の有価物として回収するには、有価物
とする目的で破砕したときに発生する微粒子を除去して
おく必要がある。微粒子はおよそ０．３mm以下の粒径
で、元来ある粉体分（これには大粒径の粒子に付着して
いるものがあり、大粒径粒子の汚染の原因である）と、
破砕時に新たに発生するものとがある。本発明は粒径
０.３mm以上の、それも０.３〜２mm程度の粒子の表面汚
染も無視できないため、破砕機（表面をすりつぶす構造
や、破砕時の粒子の粒子同士や装置壁面への衝撃回数が
多いものが好ましい）によって、この粒径のものもかな
り粉化させ、結果として破砕機以降に０.３mmの旋回篩
や振動篩を設けることにより、非金属分を安全に骨材と
して有効利用しようとするものである。The second aspect of the present invention is as follows.
When metal residue is removed from the furnace bottom, the degree of contamination by salt and heavy metals greatly depends on the surface area at the time of generation.Therefore, the amount of contaminants per unit mass is smaller for smaller particles. In order to recover as valuable resources, it is necessary to remove fine particles generated when crushed for the purpose of being valuable resources. The fine particles have a particle size of about 0.3 mm or less, and are originally composed of powder (some of which are attached to the large-sized particles and cause contamination of the large-sized particles).
Some are newly generated during crushing. Since the present invention cannot ignore the surface contamination of particles having a particle diameter of 0.3 mm or more, and also about 0.3 to 2 mm, a crusher (a structure in which the surface is crushed, a particle crush at the time of crushing, or a device wall) It is preferable to have a large number of impacts), so that this particle size can be considerably pulverized. As a result, a 0.3 mm swivel or vibrating sieve is provided after the crusher, so that non-metal components can be safely used as aggregate. It is intended to be used effectively.
【００１６】振動篩は上下運動によるふるい分けである
が、旋回篩はふるい面の水平往復運動でふるい分け、ふ
るい面をゴムボール等でたたき、目詰りを防止できる構
造のものである。これにより、汚染の大きい炉底残渣の
０.３mm以下の非金属分と、これよりやや大きめの非金
属分が除去でき、非金属分全体の汚染除去に貢献でき
る。除去された微粒子は流動床式ガス化炉の飛灰ととも
に、後段の溶融炉で溶融し、溶融スラグ化する。The vibrating sieve is a sieve that moves up and down, while a revolving sieve has a structure that can screen the sieve by a horizontal reciprocating movement of the sieve and beat the sieve with a rubber ball or the like to prevent clogging. This makes it possible to remove non-metal components having a size of 0.3 mm or less from the furnace bottom residue with large contamination and non-metal components slightly larger than the non-metal component, thereby contributing to the decontamination of all non-metal components. The removed fine particles are melted in a subsequent melting furnace together with fly ash of a fluidized-bed gasification furnace to form a molten slag.
【００１７】非金属炉底残渣は、ガラス、陶磁器、ガレ
キ等から成り立つが、ガレキは脆くて微粉砕され易く、
ガレキが多い場合は０．３mmのふるい目では４０％以上
が資源化できない場合があり、この場合はふるい目を
０．１５mmとすることがのぞましい。The non-metal hearth residue consists of glass, porcelain, rubble, etc. The rubble is brittle and easily crushed.
If there is a lot of rubble, more than 40% of the 0.3 mm sieve cannot be recycled, and in this case, the sieve is preferably 0.15 mm.
【００１８】逆に、破砕機の後段の篩のサイズは大きく
（例えば０.５mm）設定すれば、骨材としてより非金属
分の汚染は低減されるが、破砕機では細骨材を目指す観
点からみると、微粒子分の割合が少ないのは規格から外
れ易く、また非金属の回収率が悪くなるために好ましく
ない。ここで、回転篩（トロンメル）にしろ振動篩にし
ろ、篩には効率があるため、分離精度には限界があるこ
と、また、大きな金属（缶類等）はその中に砂を巻き込
み易いこと等から、実際は篩で分類しても小粒径の粒子
は篩上には一部どうしても紛れてしまい、これは避けら
れない。Conversely, if the size of the sieve at the subsequent stage of the crusher is set to be large (for example, 0.5 mm), the contamination of non-metallic components as aggregate can be reduced, but in the crusher, the viewpoint of aiming at fine aggregate In view of this, it is not preferable that the ratio of the fine particles is small because the ratio is easily out of the standard and the recovery rate of the nonmetal is deteriorated. Here, regardless of whether it is a rotary sieve (trommel) or a vibrating sieve, the sieve has efficiency, so there is a limit to the separation accuracy, and large metals (cans, etc.) can easily get sand in it. For this reason, even if the particles are actually classified by the sieve, the particles having the small particle diameter are inevitably partially scattered on the sieve, which is unavoidable.
【００１９】また、破砕により、非金属は粉化が進む
が、非鉄金属（特にアルミニウム）は延性があり、丸味
を帯びる性質がある。従って、破砕後、４mm程度の篩に
かけ、粉化しない篩上を非鉄金属として回収できる。し
かしこの方法は、破砕機に負荷がかかりすぎるため、大
粒径分（例えば３０mm以上の粒径）のみ、破砕機にかけ
る前に非鉄金属を非鉄金属選別機で回収し、この残りと
磁選後の大粒径分以外を破砕機にかけ、破砕後４mm程度
の篩にかけ、粉化しない篩上を非鉄金属として回収でき
る。In addition, non-metals (especially aluminum) are ductile and have a rounded property, while non-metals are powdered due to crushing. Therefore, after crushing, the powder is sieved through a sieve of about 4 mm, and the non-pulverized sieve can be collected as non-ferrous metal. However, in this method, since the load on the crusher is too large, only the large particle size (for example, a particle size of 30 mm or more) is collected by a non-ferrous metal separator before the crusher, and the remainder is separated from the magnetic material by magnetic separation. Is crushed through a crusher, crushed and sieved to about 4 mm, and the non-pulverized sieve can be recovered as non-ferrous metal.
【００２０】このような、破砕機のあとに篩を設け、粒
径で非鉄金属を回収する方法は、非金属分の混入が無視
できにくいため、非鉄金属の純度の点では問題が残るの
で、回転篩選別の大粒径側は非鉄金属選別機を入れてお
く方がよい。Such a method of providing a sieve after the crusher and recovering the non-ferrous metal by the particle size has a problem in terms of the purity of the non-ferrous metal since the contamination of the non-metallic component is difficult to ignore. It is better to put a nonferrous metal sorter on the large particle size side of the rotary sieve sorter.
【００２１】本発明の第３の態様は以下のようである。
上述のようにして金属が除去された炉底残渣は、竪形ミ
ルや連続式振動ミル等により粉砕する。粉砕粒度は流動
床ガス化炉内の上昇流速により異なるが、最大粒径で２
００〜３００μｍ程度である。なお１００〜３００μｍ
程度でもよい。連続式振動ミルを用いる時は、２段構造
とし、前段中にはロッドを、後段中にはボールを振動媒
体として用いるのがよい。ロッドは粗粉砕に向いてお
り、ボールは微粉砕に向いているためである。The third aspect of the present invention is as follows.
The furnace bottom residue from which the metal has been removed as described above is pulverized by a vertical mill, a continuous vibration mill, or the like. The pulverized particle size varies depending on the rising flow velocity in the fluidized bed gasifier, but the maximum particle size is 2
It is about 00 to 300 μm. 100-300 μm
Degree. When using a continuous vibration mill, it is preferable to use a two-stage structure, in which a rod is used as a vibration medium during the front stage and a ball is used as a vibration medium during the rear stage. This is because the rod is suitable for coarse grinding and the ball is suitable for fine grinding.
【００２２】得られた粉体は流動床式ガス化炉に戻さ
れ、気流に乗って溶融炉に導かれ、溶融スラグとして排
出され、路盤材等に利用される。回収金属は有価物とし
て資源化される。上記方式は、鉄、非鉄金属の除去にそ
れぞれ選別機を用いたが、２次磁選を行った後の炉底残
渣に振動ミルのような衝撃破砕によって粉砕を行う原理
の装置を設けると、延性のある金属（アルミニウム等）
は粉砕されず、球状になっていく性質があるため、振動
ミルで粉砕後、４mm程度の振動篩により、両者を分離す
ることができる。この場合の振動ミルは、連続式にする
と滞留時間をかせぐための堰の存在が球状になった金属
の通過の邪魔になる恐れがあるため、バッチ式の方がよ
い。振動ミル以外でも、微粉砕によって非金属の破砕が
進み、金属が延性によって丸味をおびる性質を利用でき
る装置であれば、使用可能である。The obtained powder is returned to the fluidized bed gasifier, guided to the melting furnace by an air current, discharged as molten slag, and used as a roadbed material or the like. The recovered metals are recycled as valuable resources. In the above method, a separator was used to remove ferrous and non-ferrous metals, respectively.However, if a device based on the principle of crushing by shock crushing such as a vibrating mill on the furnace bottom residue after performing Metals (such as aluminum)
Since they are not pulverized and become spherical, they can be separated by a vibrating sieve of about 4 mm after being pulverized by a vibration mill. If the vibration mill in this case is of a continuous type, the batch type is better because the presence of the weir for increasing the residence time may hinder the passage of the spherical metal. Any device other than the vibrating mill can be used as long as non-metal crushing proceeds by fine pulverization and the metal can be made round by ductility.
【００２３】本発明により、流動床式ガス化炉の炉底残
渣のうち、金属は回収し、非金属はすべて溶融炉で溶融
し、溶融スラグとして有効利用される。なお、粉化した
スラグを流動床式ガス化炉に戻す場合、金属分を除去し
たのは、金属の再資源化以外に、量にもよるがアルミニ
ウム等の溶融炉側への飛散により、溶融炉の運転条件に
支障を与える可能性があるためである。According to the present invention, of the bottom residue of the fluidized-bed gasification furnace, metals are recovered, and all nonmetals are melted in the melting furnace, and are effectively used as molten slag. When the powdered slag is returned to the fluidized-bed gasifier, the metal is removed not only by recycling the metal but also by scattering of aluminum etc. to the melting furnace depending on the amount, depending on the amount. This is because the operating conditions of the furnace may be affected.
【００２４】[0024]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明に係るガス化溶融炉
の炉底残渣の処理方法の実施の形態を図面を参照して説
明する。図１は本発明の第１の実施形態を示すブロック
図である。ガス化溶融炉は前段の流動床式ガス化炉１と
後段の溶融炉２からなり、流動床式ガス化炉１で発生し
た流動媒体ｄを含む炉底残渣は回転篩（トロンメル）４
により、１５mmオーバー（１５mm以上の粒径）と１５mm
アンダー（１５mm未満の粒径）のものに分けられる。１
５mmオーバーのものは吊下げ磁選機５により、大きな鉄
ａが選別され、ここで選別された鉄ａの純度は高い。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a method for treating a bottom residue of a gasification and melting furnace according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention. The gasification and melting furnace comprises a preceding fluidized bed gasifier 1 and a later melting furnace 2, and the bottom residue containing the fluidized medium d generated in the fluidized bed gasifier 1 is supplied to a rotary sieve (trommel) 4.
15mm over (particle size of 15mm or more) and 15mm
It is classified into under (particle size less than 15 mm). 1
For iron over 5 mm, large iron a is selected by the hanging magnetic separator 5, and the purity of the iron a selected here is high.
【００２５】さらに２次磁選機（ドラム磁選機等）６
で、より精度よく磁選させ、ここでは炉底残渣の中から
非金属分をだきこんだ形の低品位の鉄ｂが回収される。
この段階で鉄分が取り切れているため、後段に非鉄金属
選別機（回転ドラム非鉄金属選別機等）を使うことがで
きる。２次磁選機６を出た段階では非鉄金属の寸法の幅
が大きく、非鉄金属の選別の効率をあげるため、振動篩
７（３０mmを境に選別）、振動篩８（４mmを境に選別）
を設け、振動篩７の３０mmオーバー（３０mm以上の粒
径）のものは非鉄金属選別機９によって非鉄金属ｃを選
別し、振動篩７の３０mmアンダー（３０mm未満の粒径）
のものは振動篩８によってさらに４mmオーバー（４mm以
上の粒径）と４mmアンダー（４mm未満の粒径）のものに
ふるい分けられる。なお回転篩４において分けられた残
渣のうち、１５mmオーバーといっても実際は缶類の中や
金属のすき間に小粒径のガレキ等が詰まっており、１５
mmアンダーの粒子も存在してしまうので振動篩８は必要
となる。Further, a secondary magnetic separator (drum magnetic separator, etc.) 6
In this case, the magnetic separation is performed more accurately, and in this case, low-grade iron b in the form of a nonmetal component is recovered from the furnace bottom residue.
Since the iron content has been exhausted at this stage, a non-ferrous metal sorter (such as a rotating drum non-ferrous metal sorter) can be used at a later stage. When leaving the secondary magnetic separator 6, the size of the non-ferrous metal is large, and in order to increase the efficiency of non-ferrous metal sorting, the vibrating sieve 7 (sorting at a boundary of 30 mm) and the vibrating sieve 8 (sorting at a boundary of 4 mm).
If the vibrating sieve 7 is over 30 mm (particle diameter of 30 mm or more), the non-ferrous metal c is selected by the non-ferrous metal sorter 9 and the vibrating sieve 7 is under 30 mm (particle diameter of less than 30 mm).
Are further sieved by vibrating sieve 8 into 4 mm over (particle size of 4 mm or more) and 4 mm under (particle size of less than 4 mm). Of the residues separated in the rotary sieve 4, even if it is more than 15 mm, small particles of rubble and the like are actually clogged in cans and metal gaps.
The vibrating sieve 8 is required because some particles under mm exist.
【００２６】振動篩８の４mmオーバーのものは非鉄金属
選別機１３により、非鉄金属ｃを選別する。４mmアンダ
ーのものは流動床式ガス化炉１に戻す。一方、前述した
回転篩４により篩分けされた１５mmアンダーのものは一
次磁選機（ドラム磁選機等）１０により、低品位鉄ｂを
選別する。次に振動篩１１により４mmオーバーと４mmア
ンダーのものにふるい分ける。４mmアンダーのものは流
動媒体ｄとして流動床式ガス化炉１に戻す。４mmオーバ
ーのものは２次磁選機（ドラム磁選機等）１２によって
低品位鉄ｂを分離し、さらに非鉄金属選別機１３によ
り、非鉄金属ｃを選別する。When the vibrating sieve 8 is over 4 mm, the non-ferrous metal c is sorted by the non-ferrous metal sorter 13. Those under 4 mm are returned to the fluidized bed gasifier 1. On the other hand, low-grade iron b is sorted out by a primary magnetic separator (a drum magnetic separator or the like) 10 for those under 15 mm sieved by the rotary sieve 4 described above. Next, it is sieved by a vibrating sieve 11 into 4 mm over and 4 mm under. Those under 4 mm are returned to the fluidized bed gasifier 1 as the fluidized medium d. For those over 4 mm, low-grade iron b is separated by a secondary magnetic separator (drum magnetic separator or the like) 12 and non-ferrous metal c is further separated by a non-ferrous metal sorter 13.
【００２７】前記非鉄金属選別機１３で非鉄金属ｃを除
去し、非金属だけとなった炉底残渣は磨砕機１４にかけ
られ、ここで粒子の弱い個所は破砕あるいは除去される
が、表面の相互のこすり合わせにより、付着微粒子が除
去される。付着微粒子が除去された粒子を振動篩１５
（０.３mmを境に選別）にかけ、汚染の程度の大きい微
粒子分（０．３mm未満の粒径のもの）ｅを除去し、この
微粒子ｅを流動床式ガス化炉１に戻し、溶融スラグｆに
混じって有効利用される。そして、０．３mm以上の粒径
のものは、このままでも粗骨材としての利用は可能であ
るが、ガラス片や陶器片等偏平なものが多くて締め固め
性が悪いため、図１に示す例では水砕スラグ製造装置３
から出る溶融スラグｆと共に、破砕機１６でおおよそ
２.５mm以下に破砕し、細骨材ｇとする。細骨材ｇが２.
５mm以上の粒径のものをきらう場合は、振動篩１７によ
り再び破砕機１６に戻すことが必要になる。尚、細骨材
ｇでは、微粉除去のための篩分け操作は必要ない。The non-ferrous metal c is removed by the non-ferrous metal sorter 13 and the furnace bottom residue, which has become non-metal only, is subjected to a grinding machine 14, where weak spots of particles are crushed or removed. By the rubbing, the attached fine particles are removed. The particles from which the attached fine particles have been removed are passed through a vibrating sieve 15.
(Selection at a boundary of 0.3 mm) to remove fine particles (having a particle size of less than 0.3 mm) e having a high degree of contamination, and return the fine particles e to the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 1 to remove molten slag. Effectively mixed with f. A particle having a particle size of 0.3 mm or more can be used as a coarse aggregate as it is. However, since many flat pieces such as glass pieces and pottery pieces have poor compaction properties, they are shown in FIG. In the example, granulated slag production equipment 3
Crushed together with the molten slag f coming out from the crusher 16 to a size of about 2.5 mm or less to obtain fine aggregate g. Fine aggregate g is 2.
If particles having a particle size of 5 mm or more are to be avoided, it is necessary to return the particles to the crusher 16 by the vibrating sieve 17 again. In the case of the fine aggregate g, a sieving operation for removing fine powder is not required.
【００２８】また、非鉄金属選別機９で金属分が除去さ
れた炉下残渣は３０mm以上の大粒径で形が不規則（陶器
片等）のものが多く、磨砕機１４の効果をあげるために
は障害になり易い。従って、元来３０mm以上の大粒径側
のものは汚染度が比較的小さいため、直接破砕機１６に
かけることも可能である。破砕機１６にかけた後の非金
属は、さらに微粉を選別せず、すべてを有効利用する。
また振動篩１５は乾式分級、その中でも１００〜３００
μｍ程度の分離に適した重力分級器（水平流型、垂直流
型等）で代用が可能である。In addition, many of the residue under the furnace from which metals have been removed by the non-ferrous metal sorter 9 have a large particle size of 30 mm or more and irregular shapes (such as pottery pieces). Are easily obstructed. Therefore, those having a large particle size of 30 mm or more originally have a relatively small degree of contamination, and therefore can be directly applied to the crusher 16. Non-metals after being subjected to the crusher 16 are not used for further sorting out fine powder, but all are effectively used.
Further, the vibrating sieve 15 is of a dry classification, among which 100 to 300
A gravity classifier (horizontal flow type, vertical flow type, etc.) suitable for separation of about μm can be used instead.
【００２９】図２は本発明の第２の実施形態を示すブロ
ック図である。図２に示す第２の実施形態は、基本的に
第１の実施形態と同じであるが、２次磁選機１２と非鉄
金属選別機１３を削除し、２次磁選機６と非鉄金属選別
機９を処理時間帯をずらすことによって兼用としたもの
である。即ち、回転篩４でふるい分けられた１５mmアン
ダーのものを振動篩１１により４mmオーバーと４mmアン
ダーのものにふるい分け、４mmアンダーのものは流動媒
体ｄとして流動床式ガス化炉１に戻し、４mmオーバーの
ものは２次磁選機６に送り、振動篩７はバイパスして非
鉄金属選別機９に送る。また、回転篩４でふるい分けら
れた１５mmオーバーのものは２次磁選機６に送られた後
は振動篩７で３０mmオーバーと３０mmアンダーにふるい
分けられ、３０mmオーバーのものは非鉄金属選別機９に
かけられる。３０mmアンダーのものは振動篩８により４
mmオーバーと４mmアンダーのものにふるい分けられ、４
mmアンダーのものは流動媒体ｄとして流動床式ガス化炉
１に戻され、４mmオーバーのものは非鉄金属選別機９に
送られる。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention. The second embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is basically the same as the first embodiment, except that the secondary magnetic separator 12 and the non-ferrous metal sorter 13 are omitted, and the secondary magnetic separator 6 and the non-ferrous metal sorter are removed. 9 is also used by shifting the processing time zone. That is, the 15 mm under screen sieved by the rotary sieve 4 is sieved to 4 mm over and 4 mm under by the vibrating sieve 11, and the 4 mm under screen is returned to the fluidized bed gasifier 1 as the fluid medium d and 4 mm over. The material is sent to a secondary magnetic separator 6, and the vibrating sieve 7 is sent to a non-ferrous metal separator 9 by bypass. Also, those having a size of 15 mm over sieved by the rotary sieve 4 are sent to a secondary magnetic separator 6 and then sieved by a vibrating sieve 7 into 30 mm over and 30 mm under. . For those under 30 mm, 4
sifted into 4 mm over and 4 mm under
Those under mm are returned to the fluidized bed gasifier 1 as the fluidized medium d, and those over 4 mm are sent to the nonferrous metal sorter 9.
【００３０】図３は本発明の第３の実施形態を示すブロ
ック図である。図３に示す第３の実施形態の金属選別は
図１の実施形態と同じなので説明を省略する。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention. The metal sorting of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is the same as that of the embodiment of FIG.
【００３１】金属分が選別された炉底残渣は、破砕機１
６により、破砕処理される。破砕機１６で処理される対
象は次の通りである。 非鉄金属選別機１３で非鉄金属選別済の炉底残渣 非鉄金属選別機９で非鉄金属選別済の炉底残渣 振動篩８の４mmアンダーの、非鉄金属を含む炉底残
渣 水砕スラグ製造装置３から排出された溶融スラグｆ 振動篩１７の２.５mmオーバー（２．５mm以上の粒
径）の粒径の戻し（再破砕分） 破砕はおよそ２.５mm以下に破砕されるが、その下段に
は振動篩１７が設けられ、２.５mm以上の粒径分は再び
破砕機１６に戻され、製品としての細骨材ｇの粒度をそ
ろえる。一般に、細骨材はおおよそ５mm以下の粒径であ
るが、アスファルト混合物用はおおよそ２．５mm以下の
粒径であり、必要に応じて選択すればよい。[0031] The furnace bottom residue from which the metal content has been separated is crushed by a crusher 1
6 to be crushed. The objects to be processed by the crusher 16 are as follows. Furnace bottom residue that has been screened for non-ferrous metal by the non-ferrous metal sorter 13 Furnace bottom residue that has been screened for non-ferrous metal by the non-ferrous metal sorter 9 Discharged molten slag f Reversion of particle size over 2.5 mm (particle size of 2.5 mm or more) of vibrating sieve 17 (re-fractionation) The crushing is crushed to about 2.5 mm or less. A vibrating sieve 17 is provided, and the particle size of 2.5 mm or more is returned to the crusher 16 again, and the fine aggregate g as a product is made uniform in particle size. Generally, the fine aggregate has a particle size of about 5 mm or less, but for asphalt mixture, it has a particle size of about 2.5 mm or less, and may be selected as needed.
【００３２】また、上記の非鉄金属は延性があるた
め、破砕されず振動篩１７の上側に残り、振動篩１７と
破砕機１６の間を循環してしまうため、処理工程の最終
にこの非鉄金属ｃをラインから取り出す。ただし上記
自体、回転篩４の大粒径側の１割程度で量的にも少な
く、中の非鉄金属も多くはないため、はそのまま流
動床式ガス化炉１に戻してしまってもよい。振動篩１５
の２.５mmアンダー（２．５mm未満の粒径）の非金属分
中の、汚染分が多い０.３mmアンダー（０．３mm未満の
粒径）の微粒子は振動篩１５により除去され、再び流動
床式ガス化炉１に戻し、ここで気流に乗って溶融炉２に
向かう。その結果、溶融スラグｆに混じって有効利用さ
れる。Since the above-mentioned non-ferrous metal has ductility, it is not crushed and remains above the vibrating sieve 17 and circulates between the vibrating sieve 17 and the crusher 16. Remove c from the line. However, since the above is about 10% of the large particle size side of the rotary sieve 4 and the amount is small, and there is not much non-ferrous metal therein, it may be returned to the fluidized bed gasifier 1 as it is. Vibrating sieve 15
Of the non-metal components of 2.5 mm under (particle size of less than 2.5 mm), the fine particles of 0.3 mm under (particle size of less than 0.3 mm), which are highly contaminated, are removed by the vibrating sieve 15 and flow again. The gas is returned to the bed type gasifier 1, where it goes to the melting furnace 2 by air flow. As a result, it is effectively used in combination with the molten slag f.
【００３３】振動篩１５は塩分や重金属による汚染分が
多い０．３mmアンダーのものを除去するのが目的であ
る。溶融スラグｆは粒径によらず汚染の問題は生じない
ため、あえて振動篩１５にかける必要はなく、図３の振
動篩１５を経ないで細骨材ｇを得ることもできる。振動
篩１５は上下運動によるふるい分けであるが、一般に
０．５mm以下のふるい分けには効率としては旋回篩の方
が好ましい。The purpose of the vibrating sieve 15 is to remove those having a size of 0.3 mm or less, which are largely contaminated by salts and heavy metals. Since there is no problem of contamination of the molten slag f irrespective of the particle size, there is no need to dare to pass through the vibrating sieve 15, and fine aggregate g can be obtained without passing through the vibrating sieve 15 in FIG. The vibrating sieve 15 is used for sieving by vertical movement. In general, for a sieve of 0.5 mm or less, a revolving sieve is more preferable in terms of efficiency.
【００３４】脆いガレキが多く０．３mmアンダーでは流
動床式ガス化炉１への戻しの割合が多い場合、０．１５
mmアンダー等、ふるい目のサイズを下げることも可能で
ある。以下に実測値を示す。回転篩４により分けられた
１５mmオーバー、１５mmアンダーの図３の金属選別工程
を経た後のサンプル性状を表１に示す。When there is a large amount of brittle rubble and 0.3 mm or less, when the rate of returning to the fluidized bed gasifier 1 is large, 0.15
It is also possible to reduce the size of the sieve, such as under mm. The measured values are shown below. Table 1 shows the properties of the sample after the metal sorting process shown in FIG.
【００３５】[0035]
【表１】 これら金属選別後の非金属サンプルを破砕機１６（衝撃
式製砂機）にて、おおよそ２．５mm以下に破砕した。こ
れを旋回篩１５で微粉をふるい分け、ふるい上を製品と
した。旋回篩１５の篩目を０．３mm、０．１５mmとした
ときの骨材化率（破砕機１６で処理された非金属のう
ち、骨材となる割合）を表２に示す。すなわち今回の実
験で用いたサンプルのように、比較的脆いガレキが多い
場合、旋回篩１５の寸法を０．１５mmとした方が骨材化
率が向上する。かつ表３に製品である旋回篩上（０．１
５mmオーバー）と旋回篩下（０．１５mmアンダー）の微
粉の溶出試験結果を示すが、０．１５mmとした場合でも
６つの有害物質について環境庁告示４６号の方法により
製品の溶出試験を行った結果、土壌環境基準を満足でき
ることが確認できた。[Table 1] These non-metal samples after metal sorting were crushed by a crusher 16 (impact sand maker) to approximately 2.5 mm or less. This was sieved with a revolving sieve 15 to obtain a fine product. Table 2 shows the rate of aggregate formation (the ratio of non-metal processed by the crusher 16 to become aggregate) when the size of the revolving sieve 15 is 0.3 mm and 0.15 mm. That is, when there are many relatively brittle rubbles as in the sample used in this experiment, setting the size of the revolving sieve 15 to 0.15 mm improves the aggregate conversion rate. In addition, Table 3 shows the product on the sieving sieve (0.1
The results of the dissolution test of fine powder under 5 mm (over 5 mm) and under the sieving sieve (0.15 mm under) are shown. Even when 0.15 mm is used, the dissolution test of the product was conducted for the six harmful substances according to the method of Notification 46 of the Environment Agency. As a result, it was confirmed that the soil environmental standards could be satisfied.
【表２】 [Table 2]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００３６】また旋回篩又は振動篩１５は乾式分級、そ
の中でも１００〜３００μｍ程度の分級に適した重力分
級器（水平型、垂直型等）で代用が可能である。The sieving or vibrating sieve 15 can be replaced by a gravity classifier (horizontal type, vertical type, etc.) suitable for dry classification, in particular, classification of about 100 to 300 μm.
【００３７】図４は、本発明の第４の実施形態を示すブ
ロック図である。図４に示す第４の実施形態は、基本的
には第３の実施形態と同じであるが、振動篩８および非
鉄金属選別機１３を削除している。即ち、振動篩７の３
０mmアンダーのものは破砕機１６に送られ、また２次磁
選機１２を出たものは破砕機１６に送られる。そして、
破砕機１６の後段に振動篩１９を設け、４mmオーバーと
４mmアンダーのものにふるい分ける。これにより、粒径
３０mm以上の炉底残渣のみ事前に非鉄金属選別機９で非
鉄金属ｃを除去し、それ以外の非鉄金属は破砕機１６で
非鉄金属ｃが粉化せず丸味をもつ性質を利用し、振動篩
１９で４mmオーバーのものを非鉄金属ｃとして取り出し
ている。４mmアンダーのものは前記振動篩１７に送られ
る。しかしながら、この方式は破砕機１６により、非金
属がほとんど４mm以下に破砕されることを想定した場合
であり、これが難しければ別途非鉄金属選別機が必要と
なる。FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is basically the same as the third embodiment, except that the vibrating screen 8 and the non-ferrous metal sorter 13 are omitted. That is, 3 of the vibrating sieve 7
Those under 0 mm are sent to the crusher 16, and those leaving the secondary magnetic separator 12 are sent to the crusher 16. And
A vibrating sieve 19 is provided at the subsequent stage of the crusher 16 and sieved into 4 mm over and 4 mm under. As a result, the non-ferrous metal c is removed in advance by the non-ferrous metal sorter 9 only for the furnace bottom residue having a particle diameter of 30 mm or more, and the other non-ferrous metal has a property that the non-ferrous metal c is rounded without being powdered by the crusher 16. By using the vibrating sieve 19, an object having a size exceeding 4 mm is taken out as a non-ferrous metal c. Those under 4 mm are sent to the vibrating sieve 17. However, this method is based on the assumption that the nonmetal is almost crushed to 4 mm or less by the crusher 16, and if this is difficult, a separate nonferrous metal sorter is required.
【００３８】図５は、本発明の第５の実施形態を示すブ
ロック図である。図５に示す第５の実施形態は、第４の
実施形態から更に振動篩７および非鉄金属選別機９を削
除している。即ち、２次磁選機６を出たものは破砕機１
６に送られ、また２次磁選機１２を出たものは破砕機１
６に送られる。そして、振動篩１９の後段に非鉄金属選
別機１８を設けている。本実施形態においては、すべて
の非金属、非鉄金属を破砕機１６にかけるため、破砕機
１６の負荷が大きくなる。非鉄金属が破砕機１６で粉化
せず丸味をもつ性質を利用し、振動篩１９で４mmオーバ
ーのものを取り出し、この段階では非金属もかなり多い
ため、非鉄金属選別機１８により非鉄金属ｃを選別して
いる。非鉄金属選別機１８を出たものは、破砕機１６に
戻している。４mmアンダーのものは前記振動篩１７に送
られる。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the vibration sieve 7 and the non-ferrous metal sorter 9 are further removed from the fourth embodiment. That is, the product that exits the secondary magnetic separator 6 is the crusher 1
6 and exiting the secondary magnetic separator 12 are crushers 1
Sent to 6. The non-ferrous metal sorter 18 is provided at the subsequent stage of the vibrating sieve 19. In this embodiment, since all the nonmetals and nonferrous metals are applied to the crusher 16, the load on the crusher 16 increases. Utilizing the property that the non-ferrous metal has roundness without being pulverized by the crusher 16, the one that is over 4 mm is taken out by the vibrating sieve 19. At this stage, since the non-ferrous metal is considerably large, the non-ferrous metal c is We are sorting out. After leaving the non-ferrous metal sorter 18, it is returned to the crusher 16. Those under 4 mm are sent to the vibrating sieve 17.
【００３９】図４および図５に示す実施形態における振
動篩１９のバイパスは、溶融スラグｆの処理では、振動
篩１９にかける必要がないために用いている。The bypass of the vibrating screen 19 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is used because it is not necessary to pass through the vibrating screen 19 in the treatment of the molten slag f.
【００４０】図６は本発明の第６の実施形態を示すブロ
ック図である。ガス化溶融炉は前段の流動床式ガス化炉
１と後段の溶融炉２からなり、流動床式ガス化炉１で発
生した流動媒体ｄを含む炉底残渣は回転篩（トロンメ
ル）４により、１５mmオーバー（１５mm以上の粒径）と
１５mmアンダー（１５mm未満の粒径）のものに分けられ
る。１５mmオーバーのものは吊下げ磁選機５により、大
きな鉄ａが選別され、ここで選別された鉄ａの純度は高
い。FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The gasification / melting furnace includes a former-stage fluidized-bed gasifier 1 and a latter-stage melting furnace 2, and the bottom residue containing the fluidized medium d generated in the fluidized-bed gasifier 1 is rotated by a rotary sieve (trommel) 4. It is classified into those with a size of over 15 mm (particle size of 15 mm or more) and those with a size of 15 mm under (particle size of less than 15 mm). For iron over 15 mm, large iron a is selected by the hanging magnetic separator 5, and the purity of the iron a selected here is high.
【００４１】さらに２次磁選機（ドラム磁選機等）６
で、より精度よく磁選させ、ここでは炉底残渣の中から
非金属分をだきこんだ形の低品位の鉄ｂが回収される。
この段階で鉄分が取り切れているため、後段に非鉄金属
選別機（回転ドラム非鉄金属選別機等）を使うことがで
きる。２次磁選機６を出た段階では非鉄金属の寸法の幅
が大きく、非鉄金属の選別の効率をあげるため、振動篩
７を設け、３０mmを境に選別する。振動篩７の３０mmオ
ーバー（３０mm以上の粒径）のものは非鉄金属選別機９
によって非鉄金属（アルミニウム、真ちゅう、銅等）ｃ
を選別する。Further, a secondary magnetic separator (drum magnetic separator, etc.) 6
In this case, the magnetic separation is performed more accurately, and in this case, low-grade iron b in the form of a nonmetal component is recovered from the furnace bottom residue.
Since the iron content has been exhausted at this stage, a non-ferrous metal sorter (such as a rotating drum non-ferrous metal sorter) can be used at a later stage. At the stage of leaving the secondary magnetic separator 6, the size range of the non-ferrous metal is large, and in order to increase the efficiency of non-ferrous metal selection, a vibrating sieve 7 is provided, and the separation is performed at a boundary of 30 mm. If the vibrating sieve 7 is over 30 mm (particle size of 30 mm or more), use a nonferrous metal sorter 9
Non-ferrous metals (aluminum, brass, copper, etc.) c
Sort out.
【００４２】一方、前述した回転篩４により篩分けされ
た１５mmアンダーのものは一次磁選機（ドラム磁選機
等）１０により、低品位鉄ｂを選別する。次に振動篩１
１により４mmオーバー（４mm以上の粒径）と４mmアンダ
ー（４mm未満の粒径）のものにふるい分ける。４mmアン
ダーのものは流動媒体ｄとして流動床式ガス化炉１に戻
す。４mmオーバーのものは２次磁選機（ドラム磁選機
等）１２によって低品位鉄ｂを分離し、非鉄金属選別機
１３にかけられ非鉄金属Ｃが選別される。On the other hand, low-grade iron b is sorted out by a primary magnetic separator (a drum magnetic separator or the like) 10 for under 15 mm under screen sieved by the rotary sieve 4 described above. Next, vibrating sieve 1
According to 1, it is sieved into 4mm over (particle size of 4mm or more) and 4mm under (particle size of less than 4mm). Those under 4 mm are returned to the fluidized bed gasifier 1 as the fluidized medium d. Those having a diameter of 4 mm or more are separated from low-grade iron b by a secondary magnetic separator (drum magnetic separator or the like) 12 and passed through a non-ferrous metal sorter 13 to sort non-ferrous metals C.
【００４３】２次磁選機１２を経たものと振動篩７で３
０mmアンダーにふるわれたものは、非鉄金属選別機１３
にかけ、ここで非鉄金属ｃが選別される。非鉄金属選別
機９および１３で非鉄金属が除かれ、ほとんど非金属分
だけになった炉底残渣は粉砕機２０により、およそ最大
粒径１００〜３００μｍ程度まで粉砕され、粉砕後の粉
化粒子ｅは流動床ガス化炉１に戻され、ここで気流に乗
って溶融炉２に供給され、溶融炉２にて１３５０℃位で
溶融され、スラグ製造装置３で環境安全性の高い溶融ス
ラグｆの一部として排出され、骨材等として有効利用さ
れる。スラグ製造装置３は溶融スラグを水砕スラグ化す
るのが一般的であるが、徐冷法等、他の方法もある。粉
砕機２０の種類としてはセメント工業等で広く用いられ
ている竪形ミル（ローラによる粉砕、乾式分級を一つの
装置で行う）や連続式振動ミル等がある。After passing through the secondary magnetic separator 12 and the vibrating sieve 7,
What was sieved under 0mm is non-ferrous metal sorter 13
, Where the non-ferrous metal c is sorted out. The non-ferrous metal is removed by the non-ferrous metal sorters 9 and 13, and the bottom residue, which is almost non-metallic, is pulverized by the pulverizer 20 to a maximum particle size of about 100 to 300 μm. Is returned to the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 1, where it is supplied to the melting furnace 2 in an air stream, melted at about 1350 ° C. in the melting furnace 2, and melted at a temperature of about 1350 ° C. in the slag manufacturing apparatus 3. It is discharged as a part and is effectively used as aggregate. The slag producing apparatus 3 generally converts the molten slag into granulated slag, but there are other methods such as a slow cooling method. Examples of the type of the crusher 20 include a vertical mill (which performs crushing by a roller and dry classification with one apparatus) and a continuous vibration mill which are widely used in the cement industry and the like.
【００４４】図７は、本発明の第７の実施形態を示すブ
ロック図である。図７に示す第７の実施形態は、基本的
には第６の実施形態と同じであるが、振動篩７、非鉄金
属選別機９および非鉄金属選別機１３を削除している。
即ち、２次磁選機６を出たものは粉砕機２０に送られ、
また２次磁選機１２を出たものは粉砕機２０に送られ
る。そして、粉砕機２０の後段に振動篩１９を設け、４
mmオーバーと４mmアンダーのものにふるい分け、４mmオ
ーバーのものを非鉄金属ｃとして取り出し、４mmアンダ
ーの粉化粒子ｅ（実際は微粉化されている）は流動床ガ
ス化炉１に戻される。FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the present invention. The seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is basically the same as the sixth embodiment, except that the vibrating screen 7, the non-ferrous metal sorter 9, and the non-ferrous metal sorter 13 are omitted.
That is, the product that has exited the secondary magnetic separator 6 is sent to the crusher 20,
What exits the secondary magnetic separator 12 is sent to the crusher 20. Then, the vibrating screen 19 is provided at the subsequent stage of the pulverizer 20.
The sieve is sieved into over 4 mm and under 4 mm, and the over 4 mm is taken out as non-ferrous metal c, and powdered particles e under 4 mm (actually pulverized) are returned to the fluidized bed gasification furnace 1.
【００４５】図８は、本発明の第８の実施形態を示すブ
ロック図である。図８に示す第８の実施形態は、第７の
実施形態から更に２次磁選機６、２次磁選機１２および
振動篩１１を削除している。即ち、磁選機５を出たもの
は粉砕機２０に送られ、また磁選機１０を出たものは流
動媒体ｅとして流動床式ガス化炉１に戻される。そし
て、粉砕機２０の後段に２次磁選機２１を設け、２次磁
選機２１の後段に振動篩１９を設け、粉砕機２０によっ
て粉砕後に低品位鉄ｂを除去し、４mmオーバー（非鉄金
属）と４mmアンダーのもの（実際は微粉化された非金
属）にふるい分けている。４mmアンダーの粉化粒子ｅは
流動床ガス化炉１に戻される。なお、本実施形態では、
回転篩４では４mmオーバーと４mmアンダーのものにふる
い分けている。FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an eighth embodiment of the present invention. In the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the secondary magnetic separator 6, the secondary magnetic separator 12, and the vibrating sieve 11 are further removed from the seventh embodiment. That is, the one that has exited the magnetic separator 5 is sent to the pulverizer 20, and the one that has exited the magnetic separator 10 is returned to the fluidized bed gasifier 1 as the fluidized medium e. Then, the secondary magnetic separator 21 is provided at the subsequent stage of the pulverizer 20, and the vibrating screen 19 is provided at the subsequent stage of the secondary magnetic separator 21. After the pulverization by the pulverizer 20, low-grade iron b is removed, and over 4 mm (non-ferrous metal) And 4mm under (actually pulverized non-metallic). Powdered particles e under 4 mm are returned to the fluidized bed gasifier 1. In the present embodiment,
The rotating sieve 4 is sifted into 4 mm over and 4 mm under.
【００４６】表１に示す通り、金属選別後の非金属サン
プルは、金属を全く無くすことは難しく、特に長形状金
属が残りやすい。本発明の第１の態様および第２の態様
の場合、これらは細骨材ｇ中にも残存してしまうが、量
的にはきわめて少量なので、例えば細骨材ｇを簡便なス
クリーン（ふるい目は１０〜２０mm程度）を１〜２段通
して除去することができる。As shown in Table 1, it is difficult to completely eliminate the metal from the nonmetal sample after the metal selection, and particularly, a long metal tends to remain. In the case of the first and second embodiments of the present invention, these remain in the fine aggregate g, but are extremely small in quantity. (About 10 to 20 mm).
【００４７】本発明の第３の態様の場合、金属選別後の
サンプルは粉砕機２０にかけても不純物である少量の金
属は粉砕されないため、粉砕機２０内部（竪形ミル、連
続式振動ミル共）に残り易く、定期的な排除が必要にな
る。In the case of the third embodiment of the present invention, a small amount of metal, which is an impurity, is not pulverized when the sample after metal separation is passed through the pulverizer 20, so the inside of the pulverizer 20 (both a vertical mill and a continuous vibration mill) is used. And need periodic elimination.
【００４８】図９は、図１乃至図８に示すシステムで使
用されるガス化溶融炉の典型的な形状を示したものであ
る。流動床式ガス化炉１は内部旋回流を有する円筒形の
流動床式ガス化炉であり、廃棄物の炉内拡散性を高めて
安定したガス化を行わせている。炉内中央の流動媒体が
沈降している部分には酸素を含まないガスを供給し、炉
内周辺部にのみ酸素を供給することにより、ガス化炉内
で発生したチャーの選択燃焼が可能になり、炭素転換
率、冷ガス効率の向上に寄与する。また溶融炉２は旋回
型溶融炉である。FIG. 9 shows a typical configuration of a gasification and melting furnace used in the system shown in FIGS. The fluidized-bed gasifier 1 is a cylindrical fluidized-bed gasifier having an internal swirling flow, and enhances the diffusivity of waste in the furnace to perform stable gasification. By supplying gas containing no oxygen to the center of the furnace where the fluidized medium is settled, and supplying oxygen only to the periphery of the furnace, it is possible to selectively combust the char generated in the gasification furnace. It contributes to the improvement of carbon conversion rate and cold gas efficiency. The melting furnace 2 is a rotary melting furnace.
【００４９】図９に示す円筒形の流動床式ガス化炉を、
以下に詳細に説明する。流動床式ガス化炉１の炉床に
は、円錐状の分散板１０６が配置されている。分散板１
０６を介し供給される流動化ガスは、炉底中央部２０４
付近から炉内へ上向き流として供給される中央流動化ガ
ス２０７及び炉底周辺部２０３から炉内へ上向き流とし
て供給される周辺流動化ガス２０８からなる。A cylindrical fluidized bed gasifier as shown in FIG.
This will be described in detail below. A conical dispersion plate 106 is arranged on the hearth of the fluidized-bed gasifier 1. Dispersion plate 1
The fluidizing gas supplied through the central part of the furnace bottom 204
A central fluidizing gas 207 is supplied from the vicinity as an upward flow into the furnace, and a peripheral fluidizing gas 208 is supplied as an upward flow from the furnace bottom peripheral portion 203 into the furnace.
【００５０】中央流動化ガス２０７は酸素を含まないガ
スからなり、周辺流動化ガス２０８は酸素を含むガスか
らなっている。流動化ガス全体の酸素量が、可燃物の燃
焼に必要な理論燃焼酸素量の１０％以上３０％以下とさ
れ、炉内は、還元雰囲気とされる。The central fluidizing gas 207 is made of a gas containing no oxygen, and the peripheral fluidizing gas 208 is made of a gas containing oxygen. The oxygen amount of the entire fluidizing gas is set to 10% or more and 30% or less of the theoretical combustion oxygen amount required for combustible material combustion, and the inside of the furnace is set to a reducing atmosphere.
【００５１】中央流動化ガス２０７の質量速度は、周辺
流動化ガス２０８の質量速度より小にされ、炉内周辺部
上方における流動化ガスの上向き流がデフレクタ２０６
により炉の中央部へ向かうように転向される。それによ
って、炉の中央部に流動媒体（硅砂を使用）が沈降拡散
する移動層２０９が形成されるとともに炉内周辺部に流
動媒体が活発に流動化している流動層２１０が形成され
る。流動媒体は、矢印１１８で示すように、炉周辺部の
流動層２１０を上昇し、次にデフレクタ２０６により転
向され、移動層２０９の上方へ流入し、移動層２０９中
を下降し、次に矢印１１２で示すように、分散板１０６
に沿って移動し、流動層２１０の下方へ流入することに
より、流動層２１０と移動層２０９の中を矢印１１８お
よび１１２で示すように循環する。The mass velocity of the central fluidizing gas 207 is made smaller than the mass velocity of the peripheral fluidizing gas 208, and the upward flow of the fluidizing gas above the peripheral portion in the furnace is deflector 206
Is turned to move toward the center of the furnace. Accordingly, a moving bed 209 in which the fluidized medium (using silica sand) is settled and diffused is formed in the center of the furnace, and a fluidized bed 210 in which the fluidized medium is actively fluidized is formed in the periphery of the furnace. The fluidized medium rises in the fluidized bed 210 around the furnace, as shown by arrow 118, is then turned by the deflector 206, flows above the moving bed 209, descends in the moving bed 209, and then the arrow As shown at 112, the dispersion plate 106
Along the fluidized bed 210 and circulates through the fluidized bed 210 and the moving bed 209 as shown by arrows 118 and 112.
【００５２】原料フィーダ１０１によって移動層２０９
の上部へ供給された廃棄物Ａは、流動媒体とともに移動
層２０９中を下降する間に、流動媒体のもつ熱により加
熱され、主として揮発分がガス化される。移動層２０９
には、酸素がないか少ないため、ガス化された揮発分か
らなる熱分解ガス（生成ガス）は燃焼されないで、移動
層２０９中を矢印１１６のように抜ける。それ故、移動
層２０９は、ガス化ゾーンＧを形成する。フリーボード
１０７へ移動した生成ガスは、矢印１２０で示すように
上昇し、フリーボード１０７を経てガス出口１０８から
生成ガスＢとして排出される。The moving bed 209 is moved by the raw material feeder 101.
The waste A supplied to the upper portion is heated by the heat of the fluidized medium while descending in the moving bed 209 together with the fluidized medium, and mainly the volatile components are gasified. Moving layer 209
Since there is no or little oxygen, the pyrolysis gas (product gas) composed of gasified volatiles is not burned, but passes through the moving bed 209 as shown by the arrow 116. Therefore, the moving bed 209 forms the gasification zone G. The generated gas that has moved to the free board 107 rises as indicated by an arrow 120 and is discharged as a generated gas B from the gas outlet 108 via the free board 107.
【００５３】移動層２０９でガス化されない、主として
チャー（固定炭素分）やタールは、移動層２０９の下部
から、流動媒体とともに矢印１１２で示すように炉内周
辺部の流動層２１０の下部へ移動し、比較的酸素含有量
の多い周辺流動化ガス２０８により燃焼され、部分酸化
される。流動層２１０は、可燃物の酸化ゾーンＳを形成
する。流動層２１０内において、流動媒体は、流動層内
の燃焼熱により加熱され高温となる。高温になった流動
媒体は、矢印１１８で示すように、デフレクタ２０６に
より反転され、移動層２０９へ移り、再びガス化の熱源
となる。流動層の温度は、４００〜１０００℃、好まし
くは４００〜６００℃に維持され、抑制された燃焼反応
が継続するようにされる。流動床式ガス化炉の底部外周
側の部分には、炉底残渣を排出するためのリング状の排
出口２０５が形成されている。Mainly, char (fixed carbon content) and tar which are not gasified in the moving bed 209 move from the lower part of the moving bed 209 to the lower part of the fluidized bed 210 in the peripheral part of the furnace as indicated by an arrow 112 together with the fluidized medium. Then, it is burned by the peripheral fluidizing gas 208 having a relatively high oxygen content and is partially oxidized. The fluidized bed 210 forms an oxidation zone S for combustibles. In the fluidized bed 210, the fluidized medium is heated by the heat of combustion in the fluidized bed to a high temperature. The hot fluid medium is inverted by the deflector 206 as shown by the arrow 118, moves to the moving bed 209, and becomes a heat source for gasification again. The temperature of the fluidized bed is maintained at 400-1000 ° C., preferably 400-600 ° C., so that the suppressed combustion reaction continues. A ring-shaped outlet 205 for discharging a bottom residue is formed in a portion on the outer peripheral side of the bottom of the fluidized-bed gasifier.
【００５４】図９に示す流動床式ガス化炉によれば、流
動層炉内にガス化ゾーンＧと酸化ゾーンＳが形成され、
流動媒体が両ゾーンにおいて熱伝達媒体となることによ
り、ガス化ゾーンＧにおいて、発熱量の高い良質の可燃
ガスが生成され、酸化ゾーンＳにおいては、ガス化困難
なチャーやタールを効率よく燃焼させることができる。
それ故、廃棄物等の可燃物のガス化効率を向上させるこ
とができ、良質の生成ガスを生成することができる。流
動床式ガス化炉１のガス出口１０８はダクト１０９によ
って旋回型溶融炉２のガス入口１３１に接続されてい
る。According to the fluidized bed gasifier shown in FIG. 9, a gasification zone G and an oxidation zone S are formed in a fluidized bed furnace.
Since the fluidized medium becomes a heat transfer medium in both zones, a high-quality combustible gas having a high calorific value is generated in the gasification zone G, and in the oxidation zone S, char and tar that are difficult to gasify are efficiently burned. be able to.
Therefore, the gasification efficiency of combustibles such as waste can be improved, and high-quality product gas can be generated. A gas outlet 108 of the fluidized bed gasifier 1 is connected to a gas inlet 131 of the swirling melting furnace 2 by a duct 109.
【００５５】次に、溶融炉を説明する。溶融炉２として
の旋回型溶融炉は垂直の軸線を有する円筒形の１次燃焼
室１１５ａ、および水平からわずかに下向きに傾斜した
２次燃焼室１１５ｂ、およびその下流に配され、ほぼ垂
直の軸線を有する３次燃焼室１１５ｃによって構成され
ている。２次燃焼室１１５ｂと３次燃焼室１１５ｃの間
にスラグ排出口１４２を有し、ここで大部分の灰分はス
ラグ化して排出される。スラグ排出口１４２から排出さ
れた溶融スラグはスラグ製造装置３（図１参照）に流入
し、ここで水砕スラグとなる。旋回型溶融炉に供給され
る生成ガスは１次燃焼室１１５ａ内で旋回流を生じるよ
う、接線方向に供給される。流入した生成ガスは旋回流
を形成し、ガス中の固形分は遠心力によって周辺の壁面
に捕捉されるのでスラグ化率、スラグ捕集率が高く、ス
ラグミストの飛散が少ないのが特長である。Next, the melting furnace will be described. A swirling type melting furnace as the melting furnace 2 is provided with a cylindrical primary combustion chamber 115a having a vertical axis, a secondary combustion chamber 115b inclined slightly downward from horizontal, and a downstream, substantially vertical axis. And a tertiary combustion chamber 115c having A slag discharge port 142 is provided between the secondary combustion chamber 115b and the tertiary combustion chamber 115c, where most of the ash is slagged and discharged. The molten slag discharged from the slag discharge port 142 flows into the slag producing device 3 (see FIG. 1), where it becomes granulated slag. The product gas supplied to the swirling melting furnace is supplied in a tangential direction so as to generate a swirling flow in the primary combustion chamber 115a. The inflowing product gas forms a swirling flow, and the solid content in the gas is trapped on the peripheral wall by centrifugal force, so it has a high slag conversion rate, a high slag collection rate, and little slag mist scattering. .
【００５６】旋回溶融炉内には炉内を適正な温度分布に
保つよう、複数のノズル１３４から酸素が供給される。
１次燃焼室１１５ａ、２次燃焼室１１５ｂまでで完全に
炭化水素の分解と灰のスラグ化を完了させるように温度
分布を調整する。酸素の単独供給はノズルの焼損等を引
き起こす恐れがあるので、必要に応じて蒸気等で希釈し
て供給される。Oxygen is supplied from a plurality of nozzles 134 into the swirling melting furnace so as to maintain an appropriate temperature distribution in the furnace.
The temperature distribution is adjusted so that hydrocarbon decomposition and ash slag conversion are completely completed in the primary combustion chamber 115a and the secondary combustion chamber 115b. Since the supply of oxygen alone may cause burnout of the nozzle and the like, it is diluted and supplied with steam or the like as necessary.
【００５７】スラグは２次燃焼室１１５ｂの下面を流下
し、スラグ排出口１４２から溶融スラグ１２６として排
出された後にスラグ製造装置３（図１参照）に流入し、
ここで水砕スラグとなる。３次燃焼室１１５ｃはその下
流に設けられた排熱ボイラからの輻射冷却によってスラ
グ排出口１４２が冷却されないようにするための干渉ゾ
ーンの役割を果たしている。３次燃焼室１１５ｃの上端
には排ガスを排気する排気口１４４が設けられ、また下
部には輻射板１４８が設けられている。輻射板１４８は
輻射により排気口１４４から失われる熱量を減少させる
機能を有する。なお符号１３２は始動バーナ、符号１３
６は助燃バーナである。溶融炉２の排ガスは排気口１４
４から排出され、その後、排熱ボイラ等で６５０℃以下
にまで冷却される。The slag flows down the lower surface of the secondary combustion chamber 115b, is discharged as molten slag 126 from the slag discharge port 142, and then flows into the slag manufacturing apparatus 3 (see FIG. 1).
Here, it becomes granulated slag. The tertiary combustion chamber 115c serves as an interference zone for preventing the slag discharge port 142 from being cooled by radiant cooling from a waste heat boiler provided downstream thereof. An exhaust port 144 for exhausting exhaust gas is provided at an upper end of the tertiary combustion chamber 115c, and a radiation plate 148 is provided at a lower portion. The radiation plate 148 has a function of reducing the amount of heat lost from the exhaust port 144 due to radiation. Reference numeral 132 indicates a start burner, and reference numeral 13
Reference numeral 6 denotes an auxiliary burner. Exhaust gas from the melting furnace 2 is exhausted 14
4 and then cooled to 650 ° C. or lower by a waste heat boiler or the like.
【００５８】[0058]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明は、ガス化
溶融炉における流動床式ガス化炉の炉底残渣から流動媒
体を篩分けにより回収し、流動床式ガス化炉に戻して再
使用し、炉底残渣中の金属（鉄、アルミニウム、真ちゅ
う、銅等）は回収して資源として再利用する。As described above, according to the present invention, the fluidized medium is recovered from the bottom residue of the fluidized-bed gasification furnace in the gasification-melting furnace by sieving, returned to the fluidized-bed gasification furnace, and recycled. Metals (iron, aluminum, brass, copper, etc.) in the furnace bottom residue are collected and reused as resources.
【００５９】非金属は３通りの処理方法があり、以下に
本発明の態様ごとに効果を列記する。 本発明の第１の
態様においては、次のような効果が得られる。非金属は
こすり合わせにより表面の汚染を除去した後に骨材等と
して有効利用する。また汚染除去も乾式法のため、排水
処理の問題もなくなり、設備が簡素化する。また、非金
属の資源化については次の通りである。表面汚染除去
後、破砕して細骨材として利用するのが好ましい。単に
表面汚染除去しただけのサンプルは、粗骨材として使お
うとしても多くは偏平であり、実績率（単位容積１ｍ３
中の骨材の実質部分の割合を百分率で表したもの）が小
さく、締固め性が悪く、使いにくい。有効利用先として
はアスファルト混合物用細骨材、インターロッキングブ
ロック、埋戻し材等がある。There are three non-metal treatment methods, and the effects are listed below for each embodiment of the present invention. In the first embodiment of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. The nonmetal is effectively used as an aggregate or the like after removing surface contamination by rubbing. Also, since the decontamination is a dry method, there is no problem of wastewater treatment, and the equipment is simplified. The recycling of non-metals is as follows. After removal of surface contamination, it is preferable to crush and use as fine aggregate. Many samples obtained by simply removing surface contamination are flat even if they are used as coarse aggregate, and the actual rate (unit volume: 1 m 3
(The percentage of the substantial part of the aggregate in the medium is expressed as a percentage)), the compaction is poor, and it is difficult to use. The effective use destinations include fine aggregate for asphalt mixture, interlocking blocks, backfill materials and the like.
【００６０】本発明の第２の態様においては、次のよう
な効果が得られる。非金属は破砕し、微粉を除去した後
に骨材等として有効利用する。本発明の第１の態様と同
様に、汚染除去も乾式法のため、排水処理の問題もなく
なり、設備が簡素化する。また、非金属の資源化につい
ては本発明の第１の態様と同様である。According to the second embodiment of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. Nonmetals are crushed and fine powder is removed, and then used effectively as aggregate. As in the first embodiment of the present invention, since the decontamination is also a dry method, there is no problem of wastewater treatment, and the equipment is simplified. The recycling of nonmetals is the same as in the first embodiment of the present invention.
【００６１】本発明の第３の態様においては、次のよう
な効果が得られる。非金属は粉化し、流動床式ガス化炉
の飛灰とともに気流に乗せて溶融炉に送り、ここで溶融
スラグ化した後に骨材等として有効利用する。したがっ
て流動床式ガス化炉で発生する炉底残渣を安全に、かつ
簡素化された設備で資源化することができる。また、非
金属の資源化については次の通りである。溶融スラグと
して有効利用が可能で、有効利用先は本発明の第１の態
様、第２の態様と同じである。本発明の第１の態様、第
２の態様は石、ガラス、陶器等の混合物であるのに対
し、本発明の第３の態様は均質である。According to the third embodiment of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. Non-metals are pulverized and sent to a melting furnace together with fly ash from a fluidized bed gasifier and sent to a melting furnace, where they are converted into molten slag and then effectively used as aggregate or the like. Therefore, the bottom residue generated in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace can be safely and simply turned into resources with simplified equipment. The recycling of non-metals is as follows. It can be effectively used as a molten slag, and its effective destination is the same as in the first and second aspects of the present invention. The first and second aspects of the present invention are mixtures of stone, glass, pottery and the like, while the third aspect of the present invention is homogeneous.
【図１】本発明の第１の実施形態を示すブロック図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の第２の実施形態を示すブロック図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の第３の実施形態を示すブロック図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の第４の実施形態を示すブロック図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の第５の実施形態を示すブロック図であ
る。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の第６の実施形態を示すブロック図であ
る。FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の第７の実施形態を示すブロック図であ
る。FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
【図８】本発明の第８の実施形態を示すブロック図であ
る。FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】図１乃至図８に示すシステムで使用されるガス
化溶融炉の典型的な形状を示した図である。FIG. 9 illustrates a typical configuration of a gasification and melting furnace used in the system shown in FIGS.
１ 流動床式ガス化炉 ２ 溶融炉 ３ 水砕スラグ製造装置 ４ 回転篩 ５ 吊下げ磁選機 ６，１２，２１ ２次磁選機 ７，８，１１，１５，１７，１９ 振動篩（又は旋回
篩） ９，１３，１８ 非鉄金属選別機 １０ １次磁選機 １４ 磨砕機 １６ 破砕機 ２０ 粉砕機 １０１ 原料フィーダ １０３ 集塵装置 １０６ 分散板 １０７ フリーボード １０８ ガス出口 １１５ａ １次燃焼室 １１５ｂ ２次燃焼室 １１５ｃ ３次燃焼室 １２６ 溶融スラグ １３２ 始動バーナ １３４ ノズル １３６ 助燃バーナ １４２ スラグ排出口 １４４ 排気口 １４８ 輻射板 ２０３ 炉底周辺部 ２０４ 炉底中央部 ２０５ 不燃物排出口 ２０６ デフレクタ ２０７ 中央流動化ガス ２０８ 周辺流動化ガス ２０９ 移動層 ２１０ 流動層 ａ 鉄 ｂ 低品位鉄 ｃ 非鉄金属 ｄ 流動媒体 ｅ 粉化粒子 ｆ 溶融スラグ ｇ 細骨材 Ａ 廃棄物 Ｂ 生成ガスDESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fluid bed gasifier 2 Melting furnace 3 Granulated slag manufacturing apparatus 4 Rotating sieve 5 Hanging magnetic separator 6,12,21 Secondary magnetic separator 7,8,11,15,17,19 Vibrating sieve (or rotating sieve) 9, 13, 18 Non-ferrous metal separator 10 Primary magnetic separator 14 Grinding machine 16 Crusher 20 Crusher 101 Raw material feeder 103 Dust collector 106 Dispersion plate 107 Free board 108 Gas outlet 115a Primary combustion chamber 115b Secondary combustion chamber 115c Tertiary combustion chamber 126 Molten slag 132 Starting burner 134 Nozzle 136 Burning burner 142 Slag discharge port 144 Exhaust port 148 Radiant plate 203 Furnace bottom peripheral part 204 Furnace bottom central part 205 Noncombustible substance discharge 206 Deflector 207 Central fluidizing gas 208 Fluidizing gas 209 Moving bed 210 Fluidized bed a Iron b Low-grade iron c Non-ferrous metal d Fluid medium e Powder Particles f Molten slag g Fine aggregate A Waste B Product gas
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｆ２３Ｇ 5/00 ＺＡＢ Ｆ２３Ｇ 5/16 ＺＡＢＺ １１５ 5/44 ＺＡＢＺ 5/16 ＺＡＢ Ｆ２７Ｄ 15/00 Ｚ 5/44 ＺＡＢ Ｃ２２Ｂ 1/00 ６０１ Ｆ２７Ｄ 15/00 7/00 Ｆ // Ｃ２２Ｂ 1/00 ６０１ Ｂ０９Ｂ 3/00 ３０３Ｌ 7/00 5/00 Ｍ (72)発明者 大矢 佳司 東京都大田区羽田旭町11番１号 株式会社 荏原製作所内 (72)発明者 中山 純司 東京都大田区羽田旭町11番１号 株式会社 荏原製作所内 (72)発明者 原 靖彦 東京都大田区羽田旭町11番１号 株式会社 荏原製作所内──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F23G 5/00 ZAB F23G 5/16 ZABZ 115 5/44 ZABZ 5/16 ZAB F27D 15/00 Z 5/44 ZAB C22B 1/00 601 F27D 15/00 7/00 F // C22B 1/00 601 B09B 3/00 303L 7/00 5/00 M (72) Inventor Keiji Oya 11th Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo No. 1 In Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Junji Nakayama 11-1 Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Yasuhiko Hara 11-1 Haneda Asahi-cho, Ota-ku, Tokyo Incorporated EBARA CORPORATION
Claims (8)
で構成されるガス化溶融炉において、前記流動床式ガス
化炉の炉底残渣から流動媒体を篩分けにより回収して流
動床式ガス化炉に送って再使用し、炉底残渣中の金属分
は選別回収し、非金属はこすり合わせにより表面の汚染
を除去した後に利用することを特徴とするガス化溶融炉
の炉底残渣の処理方法。1. A gasification and melting furnace comprising a fluidized bed gasifier at a first stage and a melting furnace at a latter stage, wherein a fluidized medium is recovered from a bottom residue of the fluidized bed gasifier by sieving and fluidized. Furnace of gasification and melting furnace, which is sent to a floor type gasification furnace and reused, the metal content in the furnace bottom residue is sorted and collected, and the nonmetal is used after rubbing to remove surface contamination. How to treat bottom residue.
用いることを特徴とする請求項１記載のガス化溶融炉の
炉底残渣の処理方法。2. The method for treating a bottom residue of a gasification and melting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the non-metal rubbing is performed using a grinder.
けにより微粉はガス化炉に戻し、微粉以外の非金属を利
用することを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載のガス化溶
融炉の炉底残渣の処理方法。3. The gasification and melting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the fine powder is returned to the gasification furnace by sieving after the surface contamination is removed, and the nonmetal other than the fine powder is used. Method of furnace bottom residue.
で構成されるガス化溶融炉において、前記流動床式ガス
化炉の炉底残渣から流動媒体を篩分けにより回収して流
動床式ガス化炉に送って再使用し、炉底残渣中の金属分
は選別回収し、非金属は元来ある粉体分と、非金属の破
砕時に発生した粉体分とを篩により除去した後に、非金
属分を利用することを特徴とするガス化溶融炉の炉底残
渣の処理方法。4. A gasification / melting furnace comprising a fluidized bed gasifier at the former stage and a melting furnace at the latter stage, wherein a fluidized medium is recovered from the bottom residue of the fluidized bed gasifier by sieving and fluidized. It is sent to a floor gasifier for reuse, and the metal content in the bottom of the furnace is sorted and recovered.For nonmetals, the original powder and the powder generated during the crushing of the nonmetal are removed by a sieve. A method for treating a bottom residue of a gasification and melting furnace, wherein a non-metal component is used after the heating.
炉に戻すことを特徴とする請求項４記載のガス化溶融炉
の炉底残渣の処理方法。5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the powder removed by the sieve is returned to a gasification furnace.
び非鉄金属選別することにより行ない、続いて選別後の
非金属を破砕することを特徴とする請求項４又は５記載
のガス化溶融炉の炉底残渣の処理方法。6. The gasification according to claim 4, wherein the metal fractionation is performed by magnetically sorting the furnace bottom residue and nonferrous metal fractionation, and subsequently crushing the nonmetallic fraction after the fractionation. A method for treating furnace bottom residues in a melting furnace.
ることにより行ない、続いて選別後の残りを破砕し、そ
の後篩により破砕されずに延性を有する非鉄金属を篩上
から回収し、篩下から非金属を回収することを特徴とす
る請求項４又は５記載のガス化溶融炉の炉底残渣の処理
方法。7. Sorting of the metal is performed by magnetically sorting the furnace bottom residue, followed by crushing the residue after the sorting, and then collecting ductile non-ferrous metal from the sieve without being crushed by the sieve. The method for treating a bottom residue of a gasification and melting furnace according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the non-metal is recovered from under the sieve.
で構成されるガス化溶融炉において、前記流動床式ガス
化炉の炉底残渣から流動媒体を篩分けにより回収して流
動床式ガス化炉に送って再使用し、炉底残渣中の金属分
は選別回収し、非金属は粉砕後に粉体を流動床式ガス化
炉に送り、流動床式ガス化炉の気流によって飛灰ととも
に溶融炉に送り、該溶融炉で溶融スラグ化することを特
徴とするガス化溶融炉の炉底残渣の処理方法。8. A gasification / melting furnace comprising a fluidized bed gasifier at the first stage and a melting furnace at the latter stage, wherein a fluidized medium is recovered from the bottom residue of the fluidized bed gasifier by sieving and fluidized. It is sent to a bed-type gasifier for reuse, the metal content in the bottom residue is sorted and recovered, and for nonmetals, the powder is sent to a fluidized-bed gasifier after pulverization, and the powder is flown by the fluidized-bed gasifier. A method for treating a bottom residue of a gasification and melting furnace, comprising sending the molten slag to the melting furnace together with fly ash and forming the molten slag in the melting furnace.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000245260A JP2001153324A (en) | 1999-08-13 | 2000-08-11 | Method for treating residue at furnace bottom of gasification melting furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22913599 | 1999-08-13 | ||
| JP11-259364 | 1999-09-13 | ||
| JP11-229135 | 1999-09-13 | ||
| JP25936599 | 1999-09-13 | ||
| JP25936499 | 1999-09-13 | ||
| JP11-259365 | 1999-09-13 | ||
| JP2000245260A JP2001153324A (en) | 1999-08-13 | 2000-08-11 | Method for treating residue at furnace bottom of gasification melting furnace |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001153324A true JP2001153324A (en) | 2001-06-08 |
| JP2001153324A5 JP2001153324A5 (en) | 2004-12-24 |
Family
ID=27477355
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000245260A Pending JP2001153324A (en) | 1999-08-13 | 2000-08-11 | Method for treating residue at furnace bottom of gasification melting furnace |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10190768B2 (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. | Gasification melting facility |
| JP7167373B1 (en) | 2022-02-14 | 2022-11-08 | 株式会社潮来工機 | Incineration ash treatment method, incineration ash treatment equipment, and raw material for steelmaking |
| CN117553301A (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-13 | 山东科麦尔热能工程有限公司 | Rotary type waste gas incineration comprehensive treatment device |
-
2000
- 2000-08-11 JP JP2000245260A patent/JP2001153324A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10190768B2 (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. | Gasification melting facility |
| JP7167373B1 (en) | 2022-02-14 | 2022-11-08 | 株式会社潮来工機 | Incineration ash treatment method, incineration ash treatment equipment, and raw material for steelmaking |
| JP2023117923A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2023-08-24 | 株式会社潮来工機 | Method for treating burned ash, apparatus for treating burned ash, and raw material for steelmaking |
| CN117553301A (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-13 | 山东科麦尔热能工程有限公司 | Rotary type waste gas incineration comprehensive treatment device |
| CN117553301B (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-03-22 | 山东科麦尔热能工程有限公司 | Rotary type waste gas incineration comprehensive treatment device |
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