JP2001035252A - Transparent conductive film - Google Patents

Transparent conductive film

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Publication number
JP2001035252A
JP2001035252A JP11204960A JP20496099A JP2001035252A JP 2001035252 A JP2001035252 A JP 2001035252A JP 11204960 A JP11204960 A JP 11204960A JP 20496099 A JP20496099 A JP 20496099A JP 2001035252 A JP2001035252 A JP 2001035252A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
atomic
group
elements
concentration
periodic table
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
JP11204960A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hidefumi Odaka
秀文 小高
Akira Takada
章 高田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGC Inc
Original Assignee
Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Glass Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Priority to JP11204960A priority Critical patent/JP2001035252A/en
Publication of JP2001035252A publication Critical patent/JP2001035252A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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  • Optical Filters (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a transparent conductive film with low resistance by adding, to indium oxide, elements of the 17th group and 12th group of the periodic table or elements of the 14th group and 15th group of the periodic table, so that the concentration of each element is a specified atomic %, and the concentration of two elements is a specified atomic %. SOLUTION: Concentration of each element is set to 0.1-10 atomic %, and the concentrations of two elements are set to 0 atomic %<[the 17th group element (A1)]-[the 12th group element (B1)]<10 atomic %, or 0 atomic %<[the 14th group element (A2)]-[the 15th group element (B2)]<10 atomic % (wherein [A1], [B1], [A2], and [B2] each represent the concentration with respect to all elements of each element shown by atomic percentage). As the effective combination of element in an indium oxide film, for example, fluorine and zinc, or fluorine and cadmium is preferably, and the combination of fluorine and zinc is particularly desirable. A substrate with a transparent conductive film comprising a transparent insulating substrate and a transparent conductive film provided thereon is suitable for a transparent electrode for various display devices, such as touch panels and thin film solar batteries.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、低抵抗の透明導電
膜に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a low-resistance transparent conductive film.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】各種ディスプレイ装置や薄膜太陽電池、
EL用透明電極あるいは紫外線遮蔽、赤外線反射特性に
優れた省エネルギー建築用の窓ガラスコーティング材と
して可視光透過性が高く、低比抵抗の透明導電膜が用い
られている。特にLCD型のフラットパネル用の透明電
極等へ用いる場合においては、さらなる低比抵抗化が望
まれている。
2. Description of the Related Art Various display devices, thin-film solar cells,
A transparent conductive film having high visible light transmittance and low specific resistance is used as a transparent electrode for EL or a window glass coating material for energy-saving buildings having excellent ultraviolet shielding and infrared reflecting properties. In particular, when it is used for a transparent electrode or the like for an LCD type flat panel, further lowering of specific resistance is desired.

【0003】現在最も多く使用されている透明導電膜と
しては、酸化インジウム(In23 )にスズ、酸
化亜鉛(ZnO)にアルミニウム、ガリウム、酸化ス
ズ(SnO2 )にアンチモン、フッ素などをドープした
ものが挙げられる。これら透明導電膜の低抵抗化に関し
ては、様々な方法が提案されている。
The most widely used transparent conductive films at present are tin in indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), aluminum, gallium in zinc oxide (ZnO), and antimony and fluorine in tin oxide (SnO 2 ). What was done. Various methods have been proposed for reducing the resistance of these transparent conductive films.

【0004】例えば、スパッタリング法において、成膜
時の化学反応をプラズマにより活性化させる種々の方法
の検討が行われているが、実機レベルでは、2×10-4
Ωcm程度に留まっているのが現状である。この原因と
して様々なことが考えられるが、補償効果に基づく透明
導電膜中の中性不純物欠陥の生成が1要因と推定され
る。すなわち、金属酸化物系母材にドナーとなる不純物
を添加し、イオン性不純物を生成させる際に、キャリア
密度の上昇とともに、中性不純物欠陥生成エネルギーが
減少し、結果として中性不純物欠陥が大量に発生するも
のと推定される。このようなメカニズムが原因で、従来
まで透明導電膜に高密度のキャリアを生成することが困
難であり、低抵抗を得ることができなかった。
For example, in the sputtering method, various methods for activating a chemical reaction at the time of film formation by plasma have been studied, but at the level of an actual machine, 2 × 10 −4.
At present, it remains at about Ωcm. Although various causes can be considered, it is presumed that generation of neutral impurity defects in the transparent conductive film based on the compensation effect is one factor. That is, when an impurity serving as a donor is added to a metal oxide-based base material to generate ionic impurities, the energy for generating neutral impurity defects decreases with an increase in carrier density, resulting in a large amount of neutral impurity defects. It is presumed that this occurs. Due to such a mechanism, it has been difficult to generate a high-density carrier in a transparent conductive film until now, and a low resistance cannot be obtained.

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】よって、本発明は、低
抵抗の透明導電膜を提供することを目的としている。
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a low-resistance transparent conductive film.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の透明導電膜は、
本発明者が、導電膜を構成する金属酸化物系母材に、各
種ドーパントを含有させ、導電膜の特性に与える影響を
検討中、特定の金属酸化物に、特定の2種の元素を組合
せて添加し、かつ2種の元素が、特定の組成にあるとき
に、元素と母材との安定化を促進し、つまり中性不純物
欠陥を減少させ、導電膜の比抵抗を低下させることを見
いだしたことに基づいている。すなわち、本発明は下記
の特定の関係にある6態様からなる透明導電膜である。
なお本発明の膜に係わる元素の濃度は、膜を構成する全
元素に対する原子百分率で示している。
Means for Solving the Problems The transparent conductive film of the present invention comprises:
The present inventor has included various dopants in the metal oxide base material constituting the conductive film and is studying the effect on the characteristics of the conductive film. When the two elements are in a specific composition, they promote the stabilization of the elements and the base material, that is, reduce neutral impurity defects and lower the specific resistance of the conductive film. It is based on what you find. That is, the present invention is a transparent conductive film composed of six embodiments having the following specific relationship.
Note that the concentrations of the elements relating to the film of the present invention are shown in atomic percentage with respect to all the elements constituting the film.

【0007】本願の第一発明は、酸化インジウムに、周
期律表第17族元素(A1 )と第12族元素(B1 )、
または周期律表第14族元素(A2 )と第15族元素
(B2)を、各元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10原子
%になるように、かつ2元素の濃度が0原子%<
[A1 ]−[B1 ]<10原子%、または0原子%<
[A2 ]−[B2 ]<10原子%(ただし、[A1 ]、
[B1 ]、[A2 ]および[B2]は原子百分率で示し
た各元素の全元素に対する濃度を示す)になるように添
加したことを特徴とする透明導電膜である。
[0007] The first invention of the present application is to provide indium oxide with a group 17 element (A 1 ) and a group 12 element (B 1 ) of the periodic table,
Alternatively, the Group 14 elements (A 2 ) and the Group 15 elements (B 2 ) of the periodic table are each adjusted to have a concentration of 0.1 to 10 atomic% and a concentration of the two elements of 0 atomic%. <
[A 1 ] − [B 1 ] <10 atomic% or 0 atomic% <
[A 2 ] − [B 2 ] <10 atomic% (provided that [A 1 ],
[B 1 ], [A 2 ] and [B 2 ] indicate the concentrations of the respective elements in terms of atomic percentage with respect to all elements).

【0008】本願の第二発明は、酸化インジウムに、周
期律表第17族元素(A3 )と第14族元素(B3
を、各元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10原子%になる
ように、かつ2元素の濃度が0.2原子%≦[A3 ]+
[B3 ]≦10原子%(ただし、[A3 ]および
[B3 ]は原子百分率で示した各元素の全元素に対する
濃度を示す)になるように添加したことを特徴とする透
明導電膜である。
[0008] The second invention of the present application is to provide an indium oxide with a group 17 element (A 3 ) and a group 14 element (B 3 ) of the periodic table.
So that the concentration of each element is 0.1 to 10 atomic% and the concentration of the two elements is 0.2 atomic% ≦ [A 3 ] +
A transparent conductive film, which is added so that [B 3 ] ≦ 10 atomic% (where [A 3 ] and [B 3 ] indicate the concentration of each element in atomic percentage with respect to all elements). It is.

【0009】本願の第三の発明は、酸化亜鉛に、周期律
表第17族元素(A4 )と第11族元素(B4 )、また
は周期律表第13族元素(A5 )と第15族元素
(B5 )を、各元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10原子
%になるように、かつ2元素の濃度が0原子%<
[A4 ]−[B4 ]<10原子%、または0原子%<
[A5 ]−[B5 ]<10原子%(ただし、[A4 ]、
[B4 ]、[A5 ]および[B5 ]は原子百分率で示し
た各元素の全元素に対する濃度を示す)になるように添
加したことを特徴とする透明導電膜である。
The third invention of the present application is directed to a method of manufacturing a device in which zinc oxide is added to a group 17 element (A 4 ) and a group 11 element (B 4 ) or a group 13 element (A 5 ) of the periodic table. Group 15 elements (B 5 ) are added such that the concentration of each element is 0.1 to 10 atomic% and the concentration of the two elements is 0 atomic% <
[A 4 ] − [B 4 ] <10 atomic% or 0 atomic% <
[A 5] - [B 5 ] <10 atomic% (provided that, [A 4],
[B 4 ], [A 5 ] and [B 5 ] indicate the concentration of each element in atomic percent relative to all elements).

【0010】本願の第四の発明は、酸化亜鉛に、周期律
表第13族元素(A6 )と第17族元素(B6 )を、各
元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるよう
に、かつ2元素の濃度が0.2原子%≦[A6 ]+[B
6 ]≦10原子%(ただし、[A6 ]および[B6 ]は
原子百分率で示した各元素の全元素に対する濃度を示
す)になるように添加したことを特徴とする透明導電膜
である。
The fourth invention of the present application is directed to a zinc oxide containing a group 13 element (A 6 ) and a group 17 element (B 6 ) of the periodic table in a concentration of 0.1 to 10 atomic%, respectively. And the concentration of the two elements is 0.2 atomic% ≦ [A 6 ] + [B
6 ] ≦ 10 atomic% (provided that [A 6 ] and [B 6 ] indicate the concentration of each element in atomic percentage with respect to all elements). .

【0011】本願の第五の発明は、酸化スズに、周期律
表第17族元素(A7 )と第13族元素(B7 )を、各
元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるよう
に、かつ2元素の濃度が0原子%<[A7 ]−[B7
<10原子%(ただし、[A7]および[B7 ]は原子
百分率で示した各元素の全元素に対する濃度を示す)に
なるように添加したことを特徴とする透明導電膜であ
る。
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the tin oxide contains a Group 17 element (A 7 ) and a Group 13 element (B 7 ) in the periodic table, each having a concentration of 0.1 to 10 atomic%. And the concentration of the two elements is 0 atomic% <[A 7 ] − [B 7 ]
This is a transparent conductive film, which is added so as to be <10 atomic% (where [A 7 ] and [B 7 ] indicate the concentration of each element in atomic percentage with respect to all elements).

【0012】本願の第六の発明は、酸化スズに、周期律
表第15族元素(A8 )と第17族元素(B8 )を、各
元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるよう
に、かつ2元素の濃度が0.2原子%≦[A8 ]+[B
8 ]≦10原子%(ただし、[A8 ]および[B8 ]は
原子百分率で示した各元素の全元素に対する濃度を示
す)になるように添加したことを特徴とする透明導電膜
である。
In a sixth aspect of the present invention, the tin oxide contains a Group 15 element (A 8 ) and a Group 17 element (B 8 ) in the periodic table, each having a concentration of 0.1 to 10 atomic%. And the concentration of the two elements is 0.2 atomic% ≦ [A 8 ] + [B
8 ] ≦ 10 atomic% (provided that [A 8 ] and [B 8 ] indicate the concentration of each element in atomic percent with respect to all elements). .

【0013】好ましい本願の発明は、周期律表第17族
元素(A1 )と第12族元素(B1)、または周期律表
第14族元素(A2 )と第15族元素(B2 )を、各元
素の濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるように、
かつ2元素の濃度が1原子%<[A1 ]−[B1 ]<6
原子%、または1原子%<[A2 ]−[B2 ]<6原子
%になるように添加したことを特徴とする透明導電膜で
ある。
A preferred invention of the present application is a compound of Group 17 of the periodic table (A 1 ) and an element of Group 12 (B 1 ), or an element of the Group 14 of the periodic table (A 2 ) and an element of Group 15 (B 2). ) So that the concentration of each element is 0.1 to 10 atomic%, respectively.
And the concentration of the two elements is 1 atomic% <[A 1 ] − [B 1 ] <6
A transparent conductive film characterized by being added so that atomic% or 1 atomic% <[A 2 ] − [B 2 ] <6 atomic%.

【0014】また好ましい本願の発明は、周期律表第1
7族元素(A4 )と第11族元素(B4 )、または周期
律表第13族元素(A5 )と第15族元素(B5 )を、
各元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるよう
に、かつ2元素の濃度が1原子%<[A4 ]−[B4
<6原子%、または1原子%<[A5 ]−[B5 ]<6
原子%になるように添加したことを特徴とする透明導電
膜である。
Further, a preferred invention of the present application is a first embodiment of the periodic table.
Group 7 element (A 4 ) and Group 11 element (B 4 ), or Group 13 element (A 5 ) and Group 15 element (B 5 ) of the periodic table,
The concentration of each element is 0.1 to 10 atomic%, and the concentration of the two elements is 1 atomic% <[A 4 ] − [B 4 ]
<6 atom%, or 1 atomic% <[A 5] - [ B 5] <6
It is a transparent conductive film characterized by being added so as to become atomic%.

【0015】また好ましい本願の発明は、周期律表第1
7族元素(A7 )と第13族元素(B7 ) を、各元素の
濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるように、かつ
2元素の濃度が1原子%<[A7 ]−[B7 ]<6原子
%になるように添加したことを特徴とする透明導電膜で
ある。
Further, a preferred invention of the present application is a first embodiment of the periodic table.
The Group 7 element (A 7 ) and the Group 13 element (B 7 ) are mixed so that the concentration of each element is 0.1 to 10 atomic% and the concentration of the two elements is 1 atomic% <[A 7 ] -A transparent conductive film, which is added so that [B 7 ] <6 atomic%.

【0016】[0016]

【発明の実施の形態】本発明によれば、透明導電膜の母
材として知られる、酸化インジウム、酸化亜鉛または酸
化スズのいずれかを母材とする透明導電膜に、周期律表
第11族〜第15族および第17族の元素から選ばれる
特定の2種類を、特定の量で組み合わせて添加したこと
により、同じ母材に同じ特定元素を1種類添加した場合
に比べ、透明導電膜の比抵抗が著しく低下した透明導電
膜を得ることができる。上記3種の母材に周期律表第1
1族〜第15族および第17族の元素から選ばれる元素
が、共通して有効ではなく、母材毎に有効な元素の組合
せが限られる点が特異である。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS According to the present invention, a transparent conductive film, which is known as a base material of a transparent conductive film and is made of any one of indium oxide, zinc oxide and tin oxide, is provided with a group 11 of the periodic table. By adding specific two types selected from elements of the group 15 to group 17 and elements in a specific amount, compared with the case where one type of the same specific element is added to the same base material, A transparent conductive film having a significantly reduced specific resistance can be obtained. Periodic table 1
It is unique in that elements selected from the elements of Groups 1 to 15 and Group 17 are not commonly effective, and the effective combination of elements is limited for each base material.

【0017】酸化インジウム系膜 母材が酸化インジウムの場合に、有効な元素の組合せは
3通りである。 I :周期律表第17族元素(A1 )のフッ素、塩素、
臭素、ヨウ素、アスタチンと第12族元素(B1 )の亜
鉛、カドミウム、水銀との組合せ、 II :周期律表第14族元素(A2 )の炭素、ケイ素、
ゲルマニウム、スズ、鉛と第15族元素(B2 )の窒
素、リン、ヒ素、アンチモン、ビスマスとの組合せ、 III : 周期律表第17族元素(A3 )のフッ素、塩素、
臭素、ヨウ素、アスタチンと第14族元素(B3 )の炭
素、ケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ、鉛との組合せ。
Indium oxide based film When the base material is indium oxide, there are three effective combinations of elements. I: Fluorine and chlorine of Group 17 element (A 1 ) of the periodic table
Combination of bromine, iodine, astatine and zinc, cadmium, and mercury of Group 12 elements (B 1 ), II: carbon, silicon of Group 14 elements (A 2 ) of the periodic table,
A combination of germanium, tin, lead and nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth of a Group 15 element (B 2 ); III: fluorine, chlorine of a Group 17 element (A 3 ) of the periodic table;
Combination of bromine, iodine, astatine with the Group 14 element (B 3 ) carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead.

【0018】好ましいのは組合せI(17族−12族)
であり、フッ素と亜鉛、フッ素とカドミウムの組合せが
好ましく、特にフッ素と亜鉛の組合せが好ましい。また
組合せIII (17族−14族)も好ましく、特にフッ素
とゲルマニウムの組合せが好適である。組合せI〜III
において、2種類の元素の添加量は、それぞれ0.1〜
10原子%、好ましくは1〜6原子%である。
Preferred is Combination I (Groups 17-12)
And a combination of fluorine and zinc, or fluorine and cadmium is preferred, and a combination of fluorine and zinc is particularly preferred. Combination III (Groups 17 to 14) is also preferable, and a combination of fluorine and germanium is particularly preferable. Combinations I-III
, The amount of addition of each of the two elements is 0.1 to
It is 10 atomic%, preferably 1 to 6 atomic%.

【0019】組合せI(17族−12族)と組合せII
(14族−15族)の場合、2種類の元素の添加量の差
が10原子%未満でなければ、低抵抗を維持することが
できない。また組合せIにおいては、17族の元素が、
12族の元素より多量でなければならず、組合せIIにお
いては、14族の元素が、15族の元素より多量でなけ
ればならない。好ましい元素の添加量の差は2〜6原子
%である。
Combination I (Group 17-12) and Combination II
In the case of (Group 14-15), low resistance cannot be maintained unless the difference between the addition amounts of the two elements is less than 10 atomic%. In combination I, the element of group 17 is
It must be greater than Group 12 elements, and in combination II, Group 14 elements must be greater than Group 15 elements. A preferable difference in the amount of the added element is 2 to 6 atomic%.

【0020】組合せIII (17族−14族)の場合、2
種類の元素の添加量の和が、0.2〜10原子%でなけ
れば、低抵抗を維持することができない。好ましい和は
2〜6原子%である。また、第17族元素が第14族元
素より多量であることが好ましい。
In the case of combination III (groups 17-14), 2
Unless the sum of the amounts of the added elements is 0.2 to 10 atomic%, the low resistance cannot be maintained. The preferred sum is from 2 to 6 atomic%. Further, it is preferable that the Group 17 element be larger than the Group 14 element.

【0021】酸化亜鉛系膜 母材が酸化亜鉛の場合に、有効な元素の組合せは3通り
である。 IV:周期律表第17族元素(A4 )のフッ素、塩素、臭
素、ヨウ素と第11族元素(B4 )の銅、銀、金との組
合せ、 V:周期律表第13族元素(A5 )のホウ素、アルミニ
ウム、ガリウム、インジウム、タリウムと第15族元素
(B5 )の窒素、リン、ヒ素、アンチモン、ビスマスと
の組合せ、 VI:周期律表第13族元素(A6 )のホウ素、アルミニ
ウム、ガリウム、インジウム、タリウムと第17族元素
(B6 )のフッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素との組合せ。
Zinc oxide based film When the base material is zinc oxide, there are three effective combinations of elements. IV: Combination of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine of Group 17 element (A 4 ) with copper, silver, and gold of Group 11 element (B 4 ) V: Group 13 element of Periodic Table (A 4 ) boron a 5), aluminum, gallium, indium, nitrogen thallium and group 15 (B 5), a combination of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, VI: periodic table group 13 element (a 6) A combination of boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium with Group 17 element (B 6 ) fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

【0022】好ましいのは組合せVであり、ガリウムと
窒素、インジウムと窒素の組合せが好ましく、特にイン
ジウムと窒素の組合せが好ましい。組合せIV〜VIにおい
て、2種類の元素の添加量は、それぞれ0.1〜10原
子%、好ましくは1〜7原子%である。
The combination V is preferable, and a combination of gallium and nitrogen, a combination of indium and nitrogen is preferable, and a combination of indium and nitrogen is particularly preferable. In the combinations IV to VI, the addition amount of each of the two elements is 0.1 to 10 atomic%, and preferably 1 to 7 atomic%.

【0023】組合せIV(17族−11族)と組合せV
(13族−15族)の場合、2種類の元素の添加量の差
が10原子%未満でなければ、低抵抗を維持することが
できない。また組合せIVにおいては、17族の元素が、
11族の元素より多量でなければならず、組合せVにお
いては、13族の元素が、15族の元素より多量でなけ
ればならない。好ましい差は2〜6原子%である。組合
せVI(13族−17族)の場合、2種類の元素の添加量
の和が、0.2〜10原子%でなければ、低抵抗を維持
することができない。好ましい和は2〜6原子%であ
る。さらに、第13族元素が第17族元素より多量であ
ることが好ましい。
Combination IV (Group 17-11) and Combination V
In the case of (Group 13 to Group 15), low resistance cannot be maintained unless the difference between the addition amounts of the two elements is less than 10 atomic%. In combination IV, the element of group 17 is
It must be greater than Group 11 elements, and in combination V, Group 13 elements must be greater than Group 15 elements. The preferred difference is between 2 and 6 atomic%. In the case of the combination VI (Group 13 to Group 17), low resistance cannot be maintained unless the sum of the addition amounts of the two elements is 0.2 to 10 atomic%. The preferred sum is from 2 to 6 atomic%. Further, it is preferable that the Group 13 element be larger than the Group 17 element.

【0024】酸化スズ系膜 母材が酸化スズの場合に、有効な元素の組合せは2通り
である。 VII :周期律表第17族元素(A7 )のフッ素、塩素、
臭素、ヨウ素と第13族元素(B7 )のホウ素、アルミ
ニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、タリウムとの組合せ、 VIII:周期律表第15族元素(A8 )の窒素、リン、ヒ
素、アンチモン、ビスマスと第17族元素(B8 )のフ
ッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素との組合せ。
Tin oxide based film When the base material is tin oxide, there are two effective combinations of elements. VII: Fluorine and chlorine of Group 17 element (A 7 ) of the periodic table
A combination of bromine, iodine and a group 13 element (B 7 ) with boron, aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium; VIII: a group 15 element (A 8 ) of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth A combination of Group 17 elements (B 8 ) with fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

【0025】好ましいのは組合せVII のフッ素と銅、フ
ッ素と銀の組合せと、組合せVIIIのインジウムとフッ
素、ガリウムとフッ素の組合せである。組合せVII 〜VI
IIにおいて、2種類の元素の配合量は、それぞれ0.1
〜10原子%である。
Preference is given to combinations VII of fluorine and copper, fluorine and silver, and combination VIII of indium and fluorine, gallium and fluorine. Combinations VII-VI
In II, the blending amounts of the two elements are each 0.1
-10 atomic%.

【0026】組合せVII (17族−13族)の場合、2
種類の元素の添加量の差が10原子%未満でなければ、
低抵抗を維持することができない。また組合せVII にお
いては、17族の元素が、13族の元素より多量でなけ
ればならない。好ましい添加量の差は2〜6原子%であ
る。組合せVIII(15族−17族)の場合、2種類の元
素の添加量の和が0.2〜10原子%でなければ、低抵
抗を維持することができない。好ましい和は2〜6原子
%である。さらに、第15族元素が第17族元素より多
量であることが好ましい。
In the case of combination VII (groups 17-13), 2
If the difference between the amounts of the elements added is not less than 10 atomic%,
Inability to maintain low resistance. In combination VII, the elements of group 17 must be greater than the elements of group 13. The preferable difference in the amount is 2 to 6 atomic%. In the case of combination VIII (Groups 15-17), low resistance cannot be maintained unless the sum of the amounts of addition of the two elements is 0.2 to 10 atomic%. The preferred sum is from 2 to 6 atomic%. Further, it is preferable that the Group 15 element be larger than the Group 17 element.

【0027】本発明の透明導電膜は比抵抗が3×10-4
Ωcm以下、特に0.1×10-4〜2×10-4Ωcmで
あることが好ましい。また本発明の透明導電膜は酸化イ
ンジウム、酸化亜鉛および酸化スズ中に、0.1×10
21/cm3 以上の高濃度のキャリア密度を安定に生成で
きるため、780nm以上の波長の赤外線を効率的に反
射する。
The transparent conductive film of the present invention has a specific resistance of 3 × 10 -4.
Ωcm or less, particularly preferably 0.1 × 10 −4 to 2 × 10 −4 Ωcm. Further, the transparent conductive film of the present invention contains 0.1 × 10 5 in indium oxide, zinc oxide and tin oxide.
Since a high carrier density of 21 / cm 3 or more can be stably generated, infrared rays having a wavelength of 780 nm or more are efficiently reflected.

【0028】本発明の透明導電膜の成膜方法としてはD
Cスパッタリング法、RFスパッタリング法などが採用
できる。その他、真空蒸着法、イオンプレーティング
法、CVD法などを用い得る。例えば、スパッタリング
法による時は、一般的には真空中で、透明絶縁基板を2
00℃以上になるように加熱し、アルゴン等の不活性気
体を導入し、透明導電膜の材料となるターゲット材に直
流の負の電位を印加することにより透明導電膜が基板上
に成膜される。
The method for forming the transparent conductive film of the present invention is as follows:
A C sputtering method, an RF sputtering method, or the like can be employed. In addition, a vacuum deposition method, an ion plating method, a CVD method, or the like can be used. For example, when the sputtering method is used, the transparent insulating substrate is generally placed in a vacuum in a vacuum.
The transparent conductive film is formed on the substrate by heating to a temperature of not less than 00 ° C., introducing an inert gas such as argon, and applying a DC negative potential to a target material which is a material of the transparent conductive film. You.

【0029】CVD法による時は、酸化性雰囲気中で、
例えば400〜500℃に加熱した透明絶縁基板上に、
透明導電膜の材料となるスズ化合物の気体を流し、基板
表面での、スズ化合物の熱分解、酸化等の化学反応によ
り、酸化スズ膜を成膜させる熱CVD法が一般的である
が、これに限定されない。酸化インジウム膜や酸化亜鉛
膜を形成する場合は、スパッタリング法が好ましく、酸
化スズ膜を形成する場合は、CVD法が好ましい。
When using the CVD method, in an oxidizing atmosphere,
For example, on a transparent insulating substrate heated to 400 to 500 ° C,
A thermal CVD method is generally used in which a gas of a tin compound, which is a material of a transparent conductive film, is flowed and a tin oxide film is formed by a chemical reaction such as thermal decomposition and oxidation of the tin compound on the substrate surface. It is not limited to. When an indium oxide film or a zinc oxide film is formed, a sputtering method is preferable, and when a tin oxide film is formed, a CVD method is preferable.

【0030】スパッタリング法のターゲット材として
は、一般的には透明導電膜に含まれる金属と同一の金属
からなるターゲット材が使用されるが、ドーパントが常
温付近で気体である化合物に含まれる場合は、スパッタ
リングの雰囲気(反応ガス)から取り入れることもでき
る。例えば、フッ素を含有するITO膜を成膜する場
合、Snを3〜14原子%、好ましくは4〜10原子%
含むInターゲットを用いて、CF4 とO2 の混合ガス
を用い、スパッタリングして成膜される。
As the target material for the sputtering method, a target material composed of the same metal as that contained in the transparent conductive film is generally used. Alternatively, it can be taken from a sputtering atmosphere (reaction gas). For example, when forming an ITO film containing fluorine, Sn is contained in an amount of 3 to 14 atomic%, preferably 4 to 10 atomic%.
A film is formed by sputtering using a mixed gas of CF 4 and O 2 using an In target containing the same.

【0031】透明絶縁基板としてはポリエステル、ポリ
カーボネート、ポリエーテルスルフォン等の透明樹脂フ
ィルム、硝子板等が例示される。樹脂フィルムの厚さ
は、80〜2500μmが好ましい。硝子板はソーダラ
イム硝子板の両面に酸化ケイ素を被覆したものが好適で
ある。硝子板の場合は、樹脂フィルムとは異なり、20
0〜500℃の高温で成膜することができるため、高透
過率、良好な耐熱性、良好な耐湿性を同時に付与でき
る。また加熱温度により抵抗率を調整でき、また硝子板
を厚くしても、透過率を高く維持できる有利さがある。
硝子板の厚さは0.1〜20mmが好ましい。
Examples of the transparent insulating substrate include transparent resin films such as polyester, polycarbonate and polyethersulfone, and glass plates. The thickness of the resin film is preferably from 80 to 2500 μm. The glass plate is preferably a soda lime glass plate coated on both sides with silicon oxide. In the case of a glass plate, unlike a resin film, 20
Since the film can be formed at a high temperature of 0 to 500 ° C., high transmittance, good heat resistance, and good moisture resistance can be simultaneously provided. Further, there is an advantage that the resistivity can be adjusted by the heating temperature, and the transmittance can be kept high even if the glass plate is thickened.
The thickness of the glass plate is preferably 0.1 to 20 mm.

【0032】[0032]

【実施例】以下に実施例を示すが、本発明は実施例に限
定されるものではない。なお奇数番号の例が実施例を、
偶数番号の例が比較例を示す。 (例1)インライン型反応性DCマグネトロンスパッタ
リング装置に、ガラス基板(厚さ1.1mm:コーニン
グ(株)製 7059)を設置し、拡散ポンプ、ロータ
リーポンプを用いて、1×10-5torrまで減圧し、基板
をヒーターで300℃に加熱した。ゲルマニウムを6原
子%含有するインジウム・ターゲットを用意し、酸素と
窒素の混合ガス(N:O=9:1)10sccmをターゲッ
ト上に流し、圧力2.5×10-3torrで、DCスパッタ
を行い、ゲルマニウムと窒素が共添加された酸化インジ
ウム膜を成膜した。膜の比抵抗はホール測定で0.9×
10-4Ωcmであり、膜中のキャリア密度は0.30×
1021/cm3 であった。ESCAによる組成分析の結
果、膜中の組成比は、In:Ge:O:N=36:4:
58:2であった。表1にターゲットの組成比、雰囲気
ガス組成比、膜の組成比と、膜の特性(比抵抗、キャリ
ア密度、透過率)を示した。
EXAMPLES Examples will be shown below, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. In addition, the example of the odd number indicates the embodiment,
The example of an even number shows a comparative example. (Example 1) A glass substrate (thickness: 1.1 mm: 7059, manufactured by Corning Incorporated) is set in an in-line type reactive DC magnetron sputtering apparatus, and a diffusion pump and a rotary pump are used to reach 1 × 10 -5 torr. The pressure was reduced, and the substrate was heated to 300 ° C. with a heater. Prepare an indium target containing 6 atomic% of germanium, flow 10 sccm of a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen (N: O = 9: 1) on the target, and perform DC sputtering at a pressure of 2.5 × 10 -3 torr. Then, an indium oxide film to which germanium and nitrogen were co-added was formed. The specific resistance of the film is 0.9 × by Hall measurement
10 −4 Ωcm, and the carrier density in the film is 0.30 ×
It was 10 21 / cm 3 . As a result of composition analysis by ESCA, the composition ratio in the film was In: Ge: O: N = 36: 4:
58: 2. Table 1 shows the composition ratio of the target, the composition ratio of the atmosphere gas, the composition ratio of the film, and the characteristics (specific resistance, carrier density, transmittance) of the film.

【0033】(例2)例1において、酸素と窒素の混合
ガスの代わりに酸素ガス10sccmを流し、例1と同じ条
件でスパッタリングを行い、ゲルマニウムを含有する酸
化インジウム膜を成膜した。膜の比抵抗はホール測定で
2×10-4Ωcmであり、膜中のキャリア密度は0.2
×1021/cm3 であった。ESCAによる組成分析の
結果、膜中の組成比は、In:Ge:O=36:4:6
0であった。表1にターゲットの組成比、雰囲気ガス組
成比、膜の組成比と膜の特性を示した。
Example 2 In Example 1, an oxygen gas of 10 sccm was used instead of a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen, and sputtering was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 to form an indium oxide film containing germanium. The specific resistance of the film is 2 × 10 −4 Ωcm by Hall measurement, and the carrier density in the film is 0.2.
× 10 21 / cm 3 . As a result of composition analysis by ESCA, the composition ratio in the film was In: Ge: O = 36: 4: 6.
It was 0. Table 1 shows the composition ratio of the target, the composition ratio of the atmosphere gas, the composition ratio of the film, and the characteristics of the film.

【0034】(例3〜16)例1のインジウムターゲッ
トの代わりに、表1に示す組成のターゲット材を用い、
酸素−窒素混合ガスの代わりに、表1に示す組成のガス
を用いて、例1と同じ条件で、スパッタリングを行い、
それぞれに対応する膜を成膜した。表1にターゲットの
組成比、雰囲気ガス組成比、膜の組成比と、膜の特性を
示した。
(Examples 3 to 16) Instead of the indium target of Example 1, a target material having a composition shown in Table 1 was used.
Sputtering was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 by using a gas having a composition shown in Table 1 instead of the oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas,
Films corresponding to each were formed. Table 1 shows the composition ratio of the target, the composition ratio of the atmosphere gas, the composition ratio of the film, and the characteristics of the film.

【0035】[0035]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0036】膜の組成分析はESCAで実施した。測定
時には、ラザフォード後方散乱法で定量分析を実施した
サンプルを標準に用いた。キャリア密度は、四探針測定
法によって測定したシート抵抗、Van Der Pauw法によっ
て測定したホール係数、触針法(Sloan "DEKTAK"3030)
によって測定した膜厚を用いて比抵抗、キャリア密度を
算出した。透過率は分光透過率計を用いて、550nm
における光透過率を測定した結果である。
The composition analysis of the film was performed by ESCA. At the time of measurement, a sample subjected to quantitative analysis by Rutherford backscattering method was used as a standard. Carrier density is measured by sheet resistance measured by four-probe measurement method, Hall coefficient measured by Van Der Pauw method, stylus method (Sloan "DEKTAK" 3030)
The specific resistance and carrier density were calculated using the film thickness measured by the method described above. The transmittance was measured at 550 nm using a spectral transmittance meter.
5 shows the results of measuring the light transmittance of the sample.

【0037】[0037]

【発明の効果】本発明においては、金属酸化物系の透明
導電膜に特定の2種類の元素を組み合わせて添加するこ
とにより、同じ系に特定の元素を1種類添加した場合よ
り、低抵抗の透明導電膜を提供することができる。本発
明の透明導電膜は、同じ比抵抗の透明導電膜に比べ膜厚
をできるので、経済性に優れている。したがって本発明
の透明導電膜を透明絶縁基板上に設けた透明導電膜付き
基板は、高性能のタッチパネル等の各種ディスプレイ装
置や薄膜太陽電池用の透明電極として好適である。特に
硝子板を基板に用いたものは諸性能が優れていて、小型
LCD用に最適である。
According to the present invention, by adding two specific elements in combination to a metal oxide-based transparent conductive film, the resistance is lower than that when one specific element is added to the same system. A transparent conductive film can be provided. The transparent conductive film of the present invention can be made thicker than a transparent conductive film having the same specific resistance, and thus is excellent in economy. Therefore, the substrate with a transparent conductive film provided with the transparent conductive film of the present invention on a transparent insulating substrate is suitable as a transparent electrode for various display devices such as high-performance touch panels and thin-film solar cells. In particular, those using a glass plate as a substrate have excellent performances and are most suitable for small LCDs.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Fターム(参考) 2H048 FA05 FA07 FA12 FA24 4K029 BA45 BA47 BA49 BC09 BD00 5C094 AA04 AA10 AA24 AA53 BA43 DA13 EA05 EB02 FB02 FB12 GB10 JA01 5G301 CA02 CA15 CA23 CA27 CD03 5G307 FA01 FB01 FC10  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2H048 FA05 FA07 FA12 FA24 4K029 BA45 BA47 BA49 BC09 BD00 5C094 AA04 AA10 AA24 AA53 BA43 DA13 EA05 EB02 FB02 FB12 GB10 JA01 5G301 CA02 CA15 CA23 CA27 CD03 5G307 FA01 FB01 FC10

Claims (9)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】酸化インジウムに、周期律表第17族元素
(A1 )と第12族元素(B1 )、または周期律表第1
4族元素(A2 )と第15族元素(B2 )を、各元素の
濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるように、かつ
2元素の濃度が0原子%<[A1 ]−[B1 ]<10原
子%、または0原子%<[A2 ]−[B2 ]<10原子
%(ただし、[A1 ]、[B1 ]、[A2 ]および[B
2 ]は原子百分率で示した各元素の全元素に対する濃度
を示す)になるように添加したことを特徴とする透明導
電膜。
An indium oxide is prepared by adding an element (A 1 ) of Group 17 and an element (B 1 ) of Group 12 of the periodic table or the first element of the periodic table.
The Group 4 element (A 2 ) and the Group 15 element (B 2 ) are mixed such that the concentration of each element is 0.1 to 10 atomic% and the concentration of the two elements is 0 atomic% <[A 1 ]. -[B 1 ] <10 atomic% or 0 atomic% <[A 2 ] − [B 2 ] <10 atomic% (provided that [A 1 ], [B 1 ], [A 2 ] and [B
2 ] indicates the concentration of each element in atomic percent with respect to all elements).
【請求項2】酸化インジウムに、周期律表第17族元素
(A3 )と第14族元素(B3 )を、各元素の濃度がそ
れぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるように、かつ2元素の
濃度が0.2原子%≦[A3 ]+[B3 ]≦10原子%
(ただし、[A3 ]および[B3 ]は原子百分率で示し
た各元素の全元素に対する濃度を示す)になるように添
加したことを特徴とする透明導電膜。
2. An indium oxide is mixed with an element (A 3 ) of Group 17 of the periodic table and an element (B 3 ) of Group 14 so that the concentration of each element is 0.1 to 10 atomic%, and The concentration of the two elements is 0.2 atomic% ≦ [A 3 ] + [B 3 ] ≦ 10 atomic%
(Where [A 3 ] and [B 3 ] indicate the concentration of each element in atomic percent relative to all elements).
【請求項3】酸化亜鉛に、周期律表第17族元素
(A4 )と第11族元素(B4 )、または周期律表第1
3族元素(A5 )と第15族元素(B5 )を、各元素の
濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるように、かつ
2元素の濃度が0原子%<[A4 ]−[B4 ]<10原
子%、または0原子%<[A5 ]−[B5 ]<10原子
%(ただし、[A4 ]、[B4 ]、[A5 ]および[B
5 ]は原子百分率で示した各元素の全元素に対する濃度
を示す)になるように添加したことを特徴とする透明導
電膜。
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the zinc oxide comprises a group 17 element (A 4 ) and a group 11 element (B 4 ) of the periodic table, or the first element of the periodic table.
The Group 3 element (A 5 ) and the Group 15 element (B 5 ) are so adjusted that the concentration of each element is 0.1 to 10 atomic% and the concentration of the two elements is 0 atomic% <[A 4 ] -[B 4 ] <10 atomic% or 0 atomic% <[A 5 ] − [B 5 ] <10 atomic% (provided that [A 4 ], [B 4 ], [A 5 ] and [B
[5 ] indicates the concentration of each element with respect to all elements in atomic percentage).
【請求項4】酸化亜鉛に、周期律表第13族元素
(A6 )と第17族元素(B6 )を、各元素の濃度がそ
れぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるように、かつ2元素の
濃度が0.2原子%≦[A6 ]+[B6 ]≦10原子%
(ただし、[A6 ]および[B6 ]は原子百分率で示し
た各元素の全元素に対する濃度を示す)になるように添
加したことを特徴とする透明導電膜。
4. A zinc oxide containing a Group 13 element (A 6 ) and a Group 17 element (B 6 ) in the periodic table such that the concentration of each element is 0.1 to 10 atomic%, and The concentration of the two elements is 0.2 atomic% ≦ [A 6 ] + [B 6 ] ≦ 10 atomic%
(However, [A 6 ] and [B 6 ] indicate the concentration of each element in atomic percent relative to all elements).
【請求項5】酸化スズに、周期律表第17族元素
(A7 )と第13族元素(B7 )を、各元素の濃度がそ
れぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるように、かつ2元素の
濃度が0原子%<[A7 ]−[B7 ]<10原子%(た
だし、[A7 ]および[B7 ]は原子百分率で示した各
元素の全元素に対する濃度を示す)になるように添加し
たことを特徴とする透明導電膜。
5. A tin oxide element comprising a Group 17 element (A 7 ) and a Group 13 element (B 7 ) in the periodic table so that the concentration of each element is 0.1 to 10 atomic%, and 2 concentrations of elements 0 atom% <[a 7] - [ B 7] <10 atomic% (but shows the concentration for [a 7] and [B 7] All elements of the respective elements shown in atomic percent) A transparent conductive film, characterized by being added so that
【請求項6】酸化スズに、周期律表第15族元素
(A8 )と第17族元素(B8 )を、各元素の濃度がそ
れぞれ0.1〜10原子%になるように、かつ2元素の
濃度が0.2原子%≦[A8 ]+[B8 ]≦10原子%
(ただし、[A8 ]および[B8 ]は原子百分率で示し
た各元素の全元素に対する濃度を示す)になるように添
加したことを特徴とする透明導電膜。
6. A tin oxide element comprising a Group 15 element (A 8 ) and a Group 17 element (B 8 ) in the periodic table such that each element has a concentration of 0.1 to 10 atomic%, and The concentration of the two elements is 0.2 atomic% ≦ [A 8 ] + [B 8 ] ≦ 10 atomic%
(Where [A 8 ] and [B 8 ] indicate the concentration of each element in atomic percent relative to all elements).
【請求項7】周期律表第17族元素(A1 )と第12族
元素(B1 )、または周期律表第14族元素(A2 )と
第15族元素(B2 )を、各元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.
1〜10原子%になるように、かつ2元素の濃度が1原
子%<[A1 ]−[B1 ]<6原子%、または1原子%
<[A2 ]−[B2 ]<6原子%になるように添加した
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の透明導電膜。
7. Group 17 element (A 1 ) and Group 12 element (B 1 ) or Group 14 element (A 2 ) and Group 15 element (B 2 ) of the periodic table Each element concentration is 0.
1 to 10 atomic% and the concentration of the two elements is 1 atomic% <[A 1 ] − [B 1 ] <6 atomic%, or 1 atomic%
2. The transparent conductive film according to claim 1, wherein the addition is performed so that <[A 2 ] − [B 2 ] <6 atomic%. 3.
【請求項8】周期律表第17族元素(A4 )と第11族
元素(B4 )、または周期律表第13族元素(A5 )と
第15族元素(B5 )を、各元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.
1〜10原子%になるように、かつ2元素の濃度が1原
子%<[A4 ]−[B4 ]<6原子%、または1原子%
<[A5 ]−[B5 ]<6原子%になるように添加した
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の透明導電膜。
8. An element of group 17 (A 4 ) and an element of group 11 (B 4 ) of the periodic table, or an element of group 13 (A 5 ) and an element of group 15 (B 5 ) of the periodic table, Each element concentration is 0.
1 to 10 atomic% and the concentration of the two elements is 1 atomic% <[A 4 ] − [B 4 ] <6 atomic%, or 1 atomic%
4. The transparent conductive film according to claim 3, wherein the addition is performed so that <[A 5 ] − [B 5 ] <6 atomic%. 5.
【請求項9】周期律表第17族元素(A7 )と第13族
元素(B7 ) を、各元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.1〜10
原子%になるように、かつ2元素の濃度が1原子%<
[A7]−[B7 ]<6原子%になるように添加したこ
とを特徴とする請求項5に記載の透明導電膜。
9. The elements of Group 17 (A 7 ) and Group 13 (B 7 ) of the periodic table, each having a concentration of 0.1 to 10;
Atomic% and the concentration of the two elements is 1 atomic% <
[A 7] - [B 7 ] < transparent conductive film according to claim 5, characterized in that was added to a 6 atom%.
JP11204960A 1999-07-19 1999-07-19 Transparent conductive film Withdrawn JP2001035252A (en)

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JP2009035790A (en) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-19 Nikko Kinzoku Kk Sintered compact, method for producing transparent electroconductive film, and transparent electroconductive film
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WO2003022954A1 (en) * 2001-09-10 2003-03-20 Japan Represented By President Of Tokyo Institute Of Technology Method for producing ultraviolet absorbing material
JP2004287281A (en) * 2003-03-24 2004-10-14 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Optical element and its manufacturing method
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WO2007108266A1 (en) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-27 Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd. Zinc oxide-based transparent conductor and sputtering target for forming the transparent conductor
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