JP2000298016A - Structure of width-of-crack detecting sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the scales of accidents or disasters which happen on roads, railroads, etc., due to rock falls by detecting the continuous dynamic phenomena of cracks caused by the separation of rock masses, etc., by using a width-of- crack detecting sensor for monitoring the separation of artificial cement slope faces used for protecting steep slopes and artificial slope faces used for expressways, etc., from bedrock. SOLUTION: In order to detect the continuing state of a change, a plurality of conductors 1 having different coefficients of extension is fit between two fixed plates 3 without looseness and the ends of the conductors 1 are fixed to the plates 3. Further, when a plurality of conductors 1 having different lengths is fit between the plates 3, the same effect can be obtained. The fixed plates 3 are respectively installed to an immobile location and another location which is predicted to move by some method using cables, etc.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】［産業上の利用分野］[Industrial application fields]

【０００２】狭い国土が開発され急傾斜面が非常に増え
ており、古い人工斜面も老朽化しているので自然斜面、
人工斜面を常時監視し、崩壊の危険に対し関係者の避難
回避時間、回避対策を作る時間を作る必要がある。今後
も地震の発生、大雨の到来が続くので、危険斜面は増え
続ける。本発明は剥離された亀裂幅の連続的な動的現象
を感知出来る。それゆえ不安定岩盤等の剥離の初期現象
を知り、高い確率で落下、斜面崩壊等の事前予測の一手
段に出来る。例えば道路、鉄道の“事前通行規制”指示
発動の決定手段に使用できる。[0002] Narrow lands have been developed and the number of steep slopes has increased significantly, and old artificial slopes are also aging.
It is necessary to constantly monitor artificial slopes and make time for people involved to avoid evacuation and to take measures to avoid the risk of collapse. Dangerous slopes will continue to increase as earthquakes and heavy rains continue to occur. The present invention can detect the continuous dynamic phenomenon of the peeled crack width. Therefore, knowing the initial phenomena of separation of unstable rocks, etc., it can be used as a means of predicting the fall, slope failure, etc. with high probability. For example, it can be used as a means for determining the activation of a "prior traffic restriction" instruction for roads and railways.

【０００３】また地震により起こる道路周辺の不安定の
状況を知り、避難道路の選択に役立ち、二次災害を防ぐ
危機管理に使用できる。[0003] In addition, the situation of instability around a road caused by an earthquake is known, which is useful for selecting an evacuation road, and can be used for crisis management for preventing a secondary disaster.

【０００４】また人工のり面により崩壊防止された急傾
斜面を背に、また急傾斜面の上に位置している土地利用
者のために、急傾斜面の変形の状態を知り、のり面の剥
離による災害規模の最小化の手段に使用できる。[0004] Further, for a land user located on the back of the steep slope which is prevented from being collapsed by the artificial slope and on the steep slope, the user knows the state of deformation of the steep slope, and It can be used as a means of minimizing the scale of disaster due to separation.

【０００５】また鉄筋とセメントを使う建築物において
は、両者間の剥離は建造物の強度を弱めるゆえ安全管理
に利用できる。[0005] In a building using reinforcing steel and cement, separation between the two can be used for safety management because the strength of the building is reduced.

【０００６】さらに、地震等で一時的に移動し、また元
の状態にもどる柔軟性を持つ橋梁の歪み、橋げたの変形
の感知にも使用出来る。また無人地帯の橋の変形監視に
有効に使用できる。 ［従来の技術］Furthermore, the present invention can be used for detecting the strain of a bridge having flexibility and returning to the original state temporarily due to an earthquake or the like, and the deformation of a bridge girder. It can also be used effectively to monitor bridge deformation in unmanned areas. [Conventional technology]

【０００７】従来の技術には学術的な目的で使用される
機器はありますが、岩石の落石等、自然の亀裂、剥離状
態等一般に言われるように数年周期以上の間隔で起こる
自然現象を長期に且つ広域の監視を全天候性で、２４時
間使用できる監視センサーはない。従来から使用してい
る長さを計る代表的方法は、音、光、圧力、電気抵抗、
磁気等を使う方法がある。しかし自然現象の監視には全
天候性が満たされることが必要とされるので光、音を利
用して対象物からの反射を利用する方法は雨、雪等の時
は使用できない。変位の測定には差動トランス、ポテン
ションメーター等があるが、アナログ信号出力の検出
部、信号変換部は周辺温度・経年変化の影響を受けるの
で、無調整条件で数年単位の長期使用とするには、出力
値の信頼性は低い。また土石流、落石等の危険回避手段
として監視カメラ等で捕らえ画像処理技術を使用して状
況判断を試みているが、監視範囲が狭く、全天候性の要
求を満たす事は出来ない。[0007] In the conventional technology, there is equipment used for academic purposes, but natural phenomena occurring at intervals of several years or more, such as rock fall, natural cracks, peeling state, etc., for a long period of time, are generally said. There is no monitoring sensor that is all-weather and can be used around the clock for wide area monitoring. The traditional methods of measuring length are sound, light, pressure, electrical resistance,
There is a method using magnetism or the like. However, monitoring of natural phenomena requires that all weather conditions be met, so that a method of utilizing reflection from an object using light or sound cannot be used in rain, snow, or the like. There are differential transformers, potentiometers, etc. for measuring displacement, but the detector and signal converter for analog signal output are affected by ambient temperature and aging. The reliability of the output value is low. Also, as a means of avoiding debris flow, falling rocks, etc., a situation is attempted using image processing technology captured by a surveillance camera or the like, but the monitoring range is narrow, and it is not possible to satisfy the requirements of all weather.

【０００８】また現在は警告、警報、規制等を発する判
断手法として統計的・経験的な資料の蓄積に重点を置い
ているが、この手法は的中率の確度が高くなっても限界
はある。At present, emphasis is placed on the accumulation of statistical and empirical data as a judgment method for issuing warnings, warnings, regulations, etc., but this method has a limit even if the accuracy of the hit rate is high. .

【発明が解決しようとする課題】[Problems to be solved by the invention]

【０００９】状況の確実な感知と高い信頼性出力を得る
ことを求めて、自然現象を監視するセンサーは以下の条
件を満す必要がある。（１）安全管理・危機管理のため
には全天候性が必要である。（２）検出部は無保守・無
調整が必要である。（３）軽量で自由に取り付けが可能
である。（４）広い監視範囲が望ましい。（５）小電力
消費である事が望ましい。（６）安価である事が望まし
い。［課題を解決するための手段］In order to obtain a reliable detection of a situation and a high reliability output, a sensor for monitoring a natural phenomenon needs to satisfy the following conditions. (1) All weather conditions are required for safety management and crisis management. (2) The detector needs no maintenance and no adjustment. (3) It is lightweight and can be freely attached. (4) A wide monitoring range is desirable. (5) Low power consumption is desirable. (6) It is desirable to be inexpensive. [Means for solving the problem]

【００１０】監視対象の動きを知るためには、［図１］
の様に複数の伸び率が異なる導体を２枚の固定板の間に
弛みが無い様に組み込み、導体の端を固定板に固定する
構造のセンサーにする。又は［図２］の様に、長さの違
う複数の導体を、各々螺旋状に加工し、固定板間に内装
している構造にする。 ［作用］[0010] In order to know the movement of the monitored object, FIG.
As described above, a plurality of conductors having different elongation rates are incorporated so that there is no slack between the two fixing plates, and a sensor having a structure in which the ends of the conductors are fixed to the fixing plate. Alternatively, as shown in [FIG. 2], a plurality of conductors having different lengths are each processed into a helical shape, and a structure is provided between the fixed plates. [Action]

【００１１】上記のごとく構成すれば、各導体に電流を
流し、導体が切れた時を感知して変化の流れを知る事が
出来る。例えば［図２］を使って岩盤等の剥離を監視し
た事を仮定すると、剥離が始まり固定間が伸びた時、螺
旋が解かれ長さの短い導体から切断がはじまり、剥離状
態変化を感知できる。変化点を多く知るためには導体の
数を増やすことで解決する。初期変化を高感度で知るた
めに両固定板を移動しない場所と移動が予想される場所
に金具、ワイヤー等の何らかの方法で弛みなく設置す
る。 ［発明の実施の形態］With the above-described configuration, it is possible to supply a current to each conductor and sense when the conductor is cut off to know the flow of change. For example, assuming that the exfoliation of rock etc. is monitored using [Fig. 2], when exfoliation starts and the fixed space is extended, the spiral is released and cutting starts from the short conductor, and it is possible to detect the exfoliation state change. . In order to know many change points, the problem is solved by increasing the number of conductors. In order to know the initial change with high sensitivity, both fixing plates are installed in a place where they do not move and in a place where they are expected to move without any looseness by means of metal fittings, wires or the like. [Embodiment of the invention]

【００１２】実施例について図面を参照して説明する
と、本発明の基本構造の例の一つとして［図１］と［図
２］を示す。［図２］は４本の導体を使用した基本構造
を示している。［図３］は導体切断用の刃を有する構造
のセンサー内部を参考例で示す。［図４］では実施例の
一つのセンサーの外形を示す。The embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 and 2 show one of the basic structures of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a basic structure using four conductors. FIG. 3 shows a reference example of the inside of a sensor having a structure having a blade for cutting a conductor. FIG. 4 shows the outer shape of one sensor of the embodiment.

【００１３】８本の導体を使う時の実施例の詳細を［図
３］を使用して説明ずる。センサーで使われる全ての導
体の伸び率は１％以内とする。この場合、固定板間の距
離をＸｃｍとする。Ｎｏ．１の導体は固定板間を固定す
る。Ｎｏ．２は同軸ケーブルを使用する。同軸ケーブル
の使用目的は、パルス反射法を利用して制御器から切断
ヶ所迄の距離の測定のためである。すなわち最初に変化
を検出したセンサーを知ることが出来る。Ｎｏ．３の導
体長さは（Ｘ＋２ｃｍ）、Ｎｏ．４の導体長さは（Ｘ＋
５ｃｍ）、Ｎｏ．５の導体長さは（Ｘ＋１０ｃｍ）、Ｎ
ｏ．６の導体長さは（Ｘ＋１５ｃｍ）、Ｎｏ．７の導体
長さは（Ｘ＋２０ｃｍ）、Ｎｏ．８の導体はアース線と
して使い、長さは（Ｘ＋２５ｃｍ）とする。The details of an embodiment using eight conductors will be described with reference to FIG. The elongation of all conductors used in the sensor should be within 1%. In this case, the distance between the fixed plates is Xcm. No. One conductor fixes between the fixing plates. No. 2 uses a coaxial cable. The purpose of the coaxial cable is to measure the distance from the controller to the cutting point using the pulse reflection method. That is, it is possible to know the sensor that first detected the change. No. The conductor length of No. 3 is (X + 2 cm). 4 is (X +
5 cm), No. 5, the conductor length is (X + 10cm), N
o. The conductor length of No. 6 is (X + 15 cm). The conductor length of No. 7 is (X + 20 cm). The conductor No. 8 is used as a ground wire, and the length is (X + 25 cm).

【００１４】変化点は６ポイントであり総変化量は２０
ｃｍである。固定板に導体が通る所は伸び切った時に切
断しやすいように導体切断用刃（４）を付けている。螺
旋になって内装されている導体は絡まない様にフイルム
状の円筒の中にある。絡まない他の方法としては内部を
複数の部屋に仕切り、各部屋の出口は導体の直径より多
少大きくして伸びた時に導体が中央に寄る構造も可能で
ある。The change point is 6 points and the total change amount is 20
cm. Where the conductor passes through the fixing plate, a conductor cutting blade (4) is provided so that it can be easily cut when the conductor extends completely. The conductor inside the spiral is in a film-shaped cylinder so as not to get entangled. As another method of not getting entangled, a structure in which the inside is partitioned into a plurality of rooms, and the outlet of each room is slightly larger than the diameter of the conductor and the conductor is close to the center when extended is possible.

【００１５】取り付方法はワイヤーにより両端に付いて
いるリングを使いワイヤーが弛まないように、Ｎｏ．１
の導体の張力より弱い力で感知対象物へ固定する。The mounting method is as follows: use a ring attached to both ends with a wire so that the wire is not loosened. 1
Is fixed to the sensing object with a weaker force than the tension of the conductor.

【００１６】本発明は特定の具体例を示し且つ説明して
いるがこれ以外の変形（体）方法も可能であり、用途も
広いので、それらも本発明の特許請求範囲に抵触する限
り、本発明の権利侵害とみなされるものと了解して頂き
ます。 ［発明の効果］Although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to specific embodiments, other variations are possible and versatile, so long as they do not conflict with the claims of the invention. You understand that this is considered an infringement of the invention. [The invention's effect]

【００１７】本発明は、以上説明したような構成になっ
ているので、以下に記載される効果を奏する。Since the present invention has the configuration as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

【００１８】落下危険岩盤等に簡単に取り付け可能で、
剥離されて亀裂幅の動きが感知できるので落下地点の被
害を少なくする予防手段が取れる。[0018] It can be easily attached to a danger rock, etc.
Since the movement of the crack width can be sensed by peeling, preventive measures can be taken to reduce the damage at the falling point.

【００１９】感知手段が複数の通電状態導体の順次切断
状態検出は、電気回路の作動停止を検出する、ＯＮ・Ｏ
ＦＦのデジタル的検出方式で、アナログ検出部の様な定
期的な感度校正の必要がなしで連続的変化を感知するこ
とが出来る。デジタル信号で無線送信する場合はアナロ
グ・デジタル信号変換の必要がなく、しかも信号系と給
電系が一体なので監視消費電力は非常に少ない。The sensing means detects the sequential disconnection state of the plurality of conducting state conductors by detecting the stop of the operation of the electric circuit.
With the FF digital detection method, continuous changes can be sensed without the need for periodic sensitivity calibration as in the analog detection unit. When wirelessly transmitting digital signals, there is no need for analog-to-digital signal conversion, and since the signal system and the power supply system are integrated, monitoring power consumption is very low.

【００２０】ケーブルの切断現象を利用する為、信号伝
達に接触部分がないので接触不良がなく電気的に安定し
ている。この状態は気象、温度、湿度の影響を全く受け
ない為、全天候性の監視が可能になり数十年単位の長期
使用が出来る。Since the cable disconnection phenomenon is used, there is no contact portion in the signal transmission, so that there is no poor contact and the device is electrically stable. Since this state is not affected by weather, temperature and humidity at all, it is possible to monitor all weather conditions and use it for a long period of several decades.

【００２１】センサーがケーブルの一部になる構造なの
でセンサーを連続的につなぐ事を可能にし、しかもセン
サー構造が簡単なので性能を安定させて安価に生産でき
るので安価に広域監視が可能にする。Since the sensor is a part of the cable, it is possible to connect the sensors continuously. Moreover, since the sensor structure is simple, the performance can be stabilized and the production can be performed at low cost.

【００２２】剥離された亀裂幅の変化量、検出回数を製
造時に簡単に設定できる。The amount of change of the peeled crack width and the number of times of detection can be easily set at the time of manufacturing.

【００２３】敷設ケーブルに同軸ケーブル、平衡ケーブ
ル等を利用すれば切断を検出したセンサーを知って切断
場所を知れる。If a coaxial cable, a balanced cable, or the like is used as the laid cable, the location of the cut can be known by knowing the sensor that has detected the cut.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】請求項１に関する検出部の基本構造図である。
この図の構造の場合で中心部の幅の違いによる断面積の
大きさの差を利用している。FIG. 1 is a basic structural diagram of a detection unit according to claim 1;
In the case of the structure shown in this figure, the difference in the cross-sectional area due to the difference in the width at the center is used.

【図２】請求項２に関する検出部の基本構造図である。
この図の構造の場合は螺旋に加工された導体が絡まない
ように円筒のセパレーターで分離されている。FIG. 2 is a basic structural diagram of a detection unit according to claim 2;
In the case of the structure shown in this figure, the conductor processed into a spiral is separated by a cylindrical separator so as not to be entangled.

【図３】請求項２に関する実施例の内部構造図である。
導体を雨、雪、土石等外部の影響を受けないように、伸
縮構造を持たせて保護している。導体が伸び切った時に
切断し易いよう固定板に導体が引き込まれる入り口に切
断用刃を付けている。FIG. 3 is an internal structural diagram of an embodiment according to claim 2;
The conductor has a telescopic structure to protect it from external influences such as rain, snow, mud and stone. A cutting blade is provided at the entrance where the conductor is drawn into the fixed plate so that the conductor can be easily cut when the conductor is fully extended.

【図４】請求項２に関する実施例の外形図である。この
実施例では両端をワイヤーを使い感知対象に設置する構
造にしている。FIG. 4 is an external view of an embodiment according to claim 2; In this embodiment, a structure is adopted in which both ends are mounted on the sensing object using wires.

【図５】岩盤剥離危険地帯で使用する予想図である。FIG. 5 is an anticipated diagram used in a zone where rock separation is at risk.

【図６】人工のり面に剥離監視で使用する予想図であ
る。FIG. 6 is an anticipated diagram used for peeling monitoring on an artificial slope.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

（１）導体片 （２）固定ネジ （３）絶縁性固定板 （４）導体切断用刃 （５）絡み防止用円筒 （６）螺旋導体 （７）多芯ケーブル （８）センサー設置用リング （９）３段スライド用円筒 （１０）防水パッキン （１１）円筒固定ネジ (1) Conductor piece (2) Fixing screw (3) Insulating fixing plate (4) Conductor cutting blade (5) Tangle prevention cylinder (6) Spiral conductor (7) Multi-core cable (8) Sensor installation ring ( 9) Three-stage slide cylinder (10) Waterproof packing (11) Cylindrical fixing screw

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】形状、熱処理技術、異質材質の組み合わせ
等で伸び率が異なるように加工され、組み合わされた複
数の伸び率が異なる導体片（１）を２枚の固定板（３）
の間に弛み（たるみ）が無い様に組み立てられており、
各導体片の端は両固定板に各々独立して固定され、各導
体片間には物理的に互いに干渉がなく、電気的導通がな
い事を基本条件とする構造体を内装するセンサーであ
る。1. A plurality of combined conductor pieces (1) having different elongation percentages are processed into two fixing plates (3) with different elongation percentages by shapes, heat treatment techniques, combinations of different materials, and the like.
It is assembled so that there is no slack (slack) between
The end of each conductor piece is fixed independently to both fixing plates, and there is no physical interference between each conductor piece, and it is a sensor with a built-in structure that basically has no electrical conduction. . 【請求項２】[請求項１] で使用される伸び率が異なる
導体と機能的に同じ状態にするため、長さの違う複数の
導体（６）を、固定板（３）間に配置し、各導体が互い
に絡まない配置にし、伸び率が異なる導体の特長と同じ
効果を持たせた構造であって、各導体の端は両固定板に
各々独立して固定され、各導体間には物理的に互いに干
渉がなく、電気的導通がない事を基本条件とする構造体
が内装されたセンサーである。2. A plurality of conductors (6) having different lengths are arranged between the fixing plates (3) so as to be functionally the same as the conductors having different elongation percentages used in [1]. The structure is such that the conductors are arranged so as not to be entangled with each other and have the same effect as the characteristics of the conductors having different elongation rates.The ends of each conductor are fixed independently to both fixing plates, and between the conductors. It is a sensor with a built-in structure that basically has no physical interference and no electrical conduction.