JP2000266936A - Wide visual field angle polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device - Google Patents
Wide visual field angle polarizing plate and liquid crystal display deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000266936A JP2000266936A JP11075728A JP7572899A JP2000266936A JP 2000266936 A JP2000266936 A JP 2000266936A JP 11075728 A JP11075728 A JP 11075728A JP 7572899 A JP7572899 A JP 7572899A JP 2000266936 A JP2000266936 A JP 2000266936A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polarizing plate
- liquid crystal
- film
- display device
- crystal display
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の技術分野】本発明は、透過型や反射型やそれら
両用型の液晶表示装置等における視認特性の向上などに
好適な広視野角偏光板に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate suitable for improving the viewing characteristics in a transmission type, a reflection type or a combination type of a liquid crystal display device.
【０００２】[0002]
【発明の背景】従来、液晶表示装置の視野角拡大や視点
による位相差変化の補償を目的とした広視野角偏光板と
しては、偏光板と光拡散板又は位相差板を重畳したもの
が知られていた（特開平９−２５８０１３号公報、特開
平９−３２５２１６号公報）。しかしながら、コントラ
ストの低下や表示像のボケを招いて視認特性を低下させ
たり、視野角拡大の点で満足できるものでないなどの問
題点があった。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a wide viewing angle polarizing plate for the purpose of enlarging the viewing angle of a liquid crystal display device and compensating for a change in a phase difference due to a viewpoint, a polarizing plate and a light diffusing plate or a phase difference plate are known. (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 9-258013 and 9-325216). However, there have been problems such as lowering of the viewing characteristics due to lowering of contrast and blurring of a displayed image, and being unsatisfactory in view point expansion.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明の技術的課題】本発明は、液晶表示装置の視認側
に配置したときに位相差による視野角補償機能と光拡散
による視野角拡大機能を併せもち、コントラストの低下
や表示像のボケを生じにくい広視野角偏光板、及びそれ
を用いた液晶表示装置の開発を課題とする。The present invention has a function of compensating for a viewing angle by a phase difference and a function of enlarging a viewing angle by light diffusion when arranged on the viewing side of a liquid crystal display device, thereby reducing the contrast and blurring of the displayed image. It is an object of the present invention to develop a polarizing plate having a wide viewing angle which is unlikely to be generated and a liquid crystal display device using the polarizing plate.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題の解決手段】本発明は、偏光板と面内の平均位相
差が５０〜２００nmの複屈折性フィルムの重畳体からな
り、その複屈折性フィルムが液晶性熱可塑性樹脂よりな
る微小領域を分散含有する透明樹脂フィルムからなると
共に、直線偏光の最大透過率を示す軸方向を△ｎ２方
向、その方向における微小領域と他の部分との屈折率差
を△ｎ ２、前記△ｎ２方向と直交する方向を△ｎ１方
向、及びその方向における微小領域と他の部分との屈折
率差を△ｎ１としたとき、△ｎ２が０．０３以下で、か
つ△ｎ１＞△ｎ２であり、前記の複屈折性フィルムの△
ｎ１方向と遅相軸及び偏光板の透過軸が平行関係にある
ことを特徴とする広視野角偏光板、及びその広視野角偏
光板を液晶セルの片側又は両側に有することを特徴とす
る液晶表示装置を提供するものである。The present invention relates to a polarizing plate and an in-plane average phase.
The difference is 50 to 200 nm.
The birefringent film is made of liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin.
Made of a transparent resin film containing dispersed micro-areas
In both cases, the axis direction showing the maximum transmittance of linearly polarized light is represented by Δn.2One
Direction, the refractive index difference between the minute area and other parts in that direction
To △ n 2, The △ n2The direction orthogonal to the direction is △ n1One
And the refraction of the microregion and other parts in that direction
Rate difference △ n1And △ n2Is less than 0.03,
Tsun1> △ n2△ of the birefringent film
n1Direction is parallel to the slow axis and the transmission axis of the polarizer
Wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate and wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate
Light plate is provided on one side or both sides of the liquid crystal cell.
Liquid crystal display device.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば所定平均位相差の複屈折
性フィルムをその遅相軸が偏光板の透過軸（△ｎ１）と
平行関係となるように配置したことで、偏光板に垂直な
正面方向では複屈折性フィルムによる位相差の影響を受
けずに輝度やコントラストの低下を防止でき、かつ黒表
示時において斜め方向から見たときの液晶セルの複屈折
による直線偏光の状態変化及び直線偏光と偏光板の吸収
軸との見かけ上の直交関係のズレを複屈折性フィルムの
位相差により補償して、階調の反転やコントラストの低
下を防止できると共に、白表示は散乱拡散により良視認
性の視野角に優れる表示像を形成することができる。According to the present invention, a birefringent film having a predetermined average retardation is arranged such that its slow axis is parallel to the transmission axis (△ n 1 ) of the polarizing plate, so that In the vertical front direction, the brightness and contrast can be prevented from being reduced without being affected by the phase difference caused by the birefringent film, and the state of linearly polarized light due to the birefringence of the liquid crystal cell when viewed from an oblique direction during black display. In addition to compensating for the deviation of the apparent orthogonal relationship between the linearly polarized light and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate by the phase difference of the birefringent film, it is possible to prevent the inversion of the gradation and the decrease in the contrast, and the white display is obtained by scattering diffusion. It is possible to form a display image having excellent visibility and a viewing angle.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明の実施形態】本発明による広視野角偏光板は、偏
光板と面内の平均位相差が５０〜２００nmの複屈折性フ
ィルムの重畳体からなり、その複屈折性フィルムが液晶
性熱可塑性樹脂よりなる微小領域を分散含有する透明樹
脂フィルムからなると共に、直線偏光の最大透過率を示
す軸方向を△ｎ２方向、その方向における微小領域と他
の部分との屈折率差を△ｎ２、前記△ｎ２方向と直交す
る方向を△ｎ１方向、及びその方向における微小領域と
他の部分との屈折率差を△ｎ１としたとき、△ｎ２が
０．０３以下で、かつ△ｎ１＞△ｎ２であり、前記の複
屈折性フィルムの△ｎ１方向と遅相軸及び偏光板の透過
軸が平行関係にあるものである。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The wide viewing angle polarizing plate according to the present invention comprises a superposed body of a polarizing plate and a birefringent film having an average in-plane retardation of 50 to 200 nm, and the birefringent film is formed of a liquid crystalline thermoplastic. An axial direction showing the maximum transmittance of linearly polarized light is defined as the Δn 2 direction, and the refractive index difference between the minute region and other portions in the direction is defined as Δn 2. When the direction orthogonal to the Δn 2 direction is the Δn 1 direction, and the refractive index difference between the minute area and the other portion in the direction is Δn 1 , Δn 2 is 0.03 or less, and Δn 1 > Δn 2 and the Δn 1 direction of the birefringent film is in parallel with the slow axis and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate.
【０００７】前記広視野角偏光板の例を図１に示した。
１が複屈折性フィルム、３が偏光板であり、ｅが複屈折
性フィルム１における液晶性熱可塑性樹脂よりなる微小
領域である。また２は必要に応じての接着層である。複
屈折性フィルム１は、１枚のフィルムよりなっていても
よいし、複数の複屈折性フィルムの重畳体からなってい
てもよい。FIG. 1 shows an example of the wide viewing angle polarizing plate.
Reference numeral 1 denotes a birefringent film, 3 denotes a polarizing plate, and e denotes a minute region of the birefringent film 1 made of a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin. Reference numeral 2 denotes an optional adhesive layer. The birefringent film 1 may be composed of a single film, or may be composed of a superposed body of a plurality of birefringent films.
【０００８】液晶性熱可塑性樹脂よりなる微小領域を分
散含有する透明樹脂フィルムからなる複屈折性フィルム
の形成は、例えば透明樹脂フィルムを形成するための樹
脂の１種又は２種以上と、微小領域を形成するための液
晶性熱可塑性樹脂の１種又は２種以上を混合し、液晶性
熱可塑性樹脂を微小領域の状態で分散含有する透明樹脂
フィルムを形成して適宜な方式で配向処理し、複屈折特
性が相違する領域を形成する方法などにて行うことがで
きる。[0008] The formation of a birefringent film composed of a transparent resin film dispersedly containing fine regions composed of a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin is performed, for example, by combining one or more resins for forming a transparent resin film with a fine region. One or two or more liquid crystalline thermoplastic resins for forming a liquid crystal thermoplastic resin are mixed, and a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin is dispersed and contained in a state of a minute region to form a transparent resin film and subjected to an orientation treatment in an appropriate manner, The formation can be performed by a method of forming regions having different birefringence characteristics.
【０００９】前記の透明樹脂フィルムを形成する樹脂と
しては、光透過性、就中、光透過率に優れる適宜な樹脂
を用いることができ、特に限定はない。従って耐熱性な
ども適宜に設定することができる。ちなみに前記樹脂の
例としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレートやポリエチレ
ンナフタレートの如きポリエステル系樹脂、ポリスチレ
ンやアクリロニトリル・スチレン共重合体の如きスチレ
ン系樹脂、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレン、シクロ系な
いしノルボルネン構造を有するポリオレフィンやエチレ
ン・プロピレン共重合体の如きオレフィン系樹脂があげ
られる。As the resin forming the transparent resin film, an appropriate resin having excellent light transmittance, particularly, excellent light transmittance can be used, and there is no particular limitation. Accordingly, heat resistance and the like can be set as appropriate. Incidentally, examples of the resin include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, styrene resins such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer, polyethylene and polypropylene, and polyolefins and ethylene propylene having a cyclo or norbornene structure. An olefin resin such as a copolymer can be used.
【００１０】またポリメチルメタクリレートの如きアク
リル系樹脂、二酢酸セルロースや三酢酸セルロースの如
きセルロース系樹脂、ナイロンや芳香族ポリアミドの如
きアミド系樹脂、カーボネート系樹脂や塩化ビニル系樹
脂、イミド系樹脂やスルホン系樹脂、ポリエーテルスル
ホン系樹脂やポリエーテルエーテルケトン系樹脂、ポリ
フェニレンスルフィド系樹脂やビニルアルコール系樹
脂、塩化ビニリデン系樹脂やビニルブチラール系樹脂、
アリレート系樹脂やポリオキシメチレン系樹脂、それら
のブレンド物なども前記した樹脂の例としてあげられ
る。耐熱性などの点よりはガラス転移温度が７０℃以
上、就中８０℃以上、特に１００℃以上の樹脂が好まし
く、また液晶表示装置等に用いる場合には可視光領域で
の光透過率に優れる樹脂が好ましく用いうる。An acrylic resin such as polymethyl methacrylate, a cellulose resin such as cellulose diacetate or cellulose triacetate, an amide resin such as nylon or aromatic polyamide, a carbonate resin, a vinyl chloride resin, an imide resin, Sulfone resins, polyethersulfone resins and polyetheretherketone resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins and vinyl alcohol resins, vinylidene chloride resins and vinyl butyral resins,
Allylate-based resins, polyoxymethylene-based resins, and blends thereof are also examples of the above-mentioned resins. From the viewpoint of heat resistance and the like, a resin having a glass transition temperature of 70 ° C. or higher, particularly 80 ° C. or higher, particularly 100 ° C. or higher is preferable, and when used in a liquid crystal display device or the like, has excellent light transmittance in the visible light region. Resins can be preferably used.
【００１１】一方、微小領域を形成する液晶性熱可塑性
樹脂としても、加熱溶融できる主鎖型や側鎖型等の適宜
な液晶性のポリマーを用いることができ、その種類につ
いて特に限定はない。配向処理による上記した屈折率差
△ｎ１、△ｎ２の制御性などの点よりは、ガラス転移温
度が５０℃以上で、併用の透明樹脂フィルムを形成する
樹脂のガラス転移温度よりも低い温度域でネマチック液
晶相を呈するものが好ましく用いうる。ちなみにその具
体例としては、下記の一般式で表されるモノマー単位を
有する側鎖型の液晶ポリマーなどがあげられる。On the other hand, as the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin forming the minute region, any suitable liquid crystalline polymer such as a main chain type or a side chain type which can be melted by heating can be used, and the type thereof is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of the controllability of the refractive index differences Δn 1 and Δn 2 by the alignment treatment, the glass transition temperature is 50 ° C. or higher and lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin forming the transparent resin film used in combination. Those exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase in the region can be preferably used. Incidentally, specific examples thereof include a side chain type liquid crystal polymer having a monomer unit represented by the following general formula.
【００１２】一般式： General formula:
【００１３】前記の一般式においてＸは、液晶性熱可塑
性樹脂の主鎖を形成する骨格基であり、線状や分岐状や
環状等の適宜な連結鎖にて形成されていてよい。ちなみ
にその例としては、ポリアクリレート類やポリメタクリ
レート類、ポリ−α−ハロアクリレート類やポリ−α−
シアノアクリレート類、ポリアクリルアミド類やポリア
クリロニトリル類、ポリメタクリロニトリル類やポリア
ミド類、ポリエステル類やポリウレタン類、ポリエーテ
ル類やポリイミド類、ポリシロキサン類などがあげられ
る。In the above general formula, X is a skeletal group forming the main chain of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin, and may be formed by an appropriate connecting chain such as linear, branched or cyclic. Incidentally, examples thereof include polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, poly-α-haloacrylates and poly-α-
Examples include cyanoacrylates, polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles, polymethacrylonitriles, polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyethers, polyimides, and polysiloxanes.
【００１４】またＹは、主鎖より分岐するスペーサ基で
あり、屈折率制御等の複屈折性フィルムの形成性などの
点より好ましいスペーサ基Ｙは、例えばエチレンやプロ
ピレン、ブチレンやペンチレン、ヘキシレンなどであ
り、就中エチレンが好ましい。Y is a spacer group branched from the main chain, and a preferable spacer group Y from the viewpoint of forming a birefringent film such as refractive index control is, for example, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene and the like. Wherein ethylene is preferred.
【００１５】一方、Ｚはネマチック配向性を付与するメ
ソゲン基であり、下記の化合物などがあげられる。 On the other hand, Z is a mesogen group for imparting nematic orientation, and examples thereof include the following compounds.
【００１６】前記化合物における末端置換基Ａは、例え
ばシアノ基やアルキル基、アルケニル基やアルコキシ
基、オキサアルキル基や水素の１個以上がフッ素又は塩
素にて置換されたハロアルキル基やハロアルコキシ基や
ハロアルケニル基などの適宜なものであってよい。The terminal substituent A in the above compound may be, for example, a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, an oxaalkyl group, a haloalkyl group in which at least one of hydrogen is substituted by fluorine or chlorine, a haloalkoxy group, It may be an appropriate one such as a haloalkenyl group.
【００１７】前記において、スペーサ基Ｙとメソゲン基
Ｚはエーテル結合、すなわち−Ｏ−を介して結合してい
てもよい。またメソゲン基Ｚにおけるフェニル基は、そ
の１個又は２個の水素がハロゲンで置換されていてもよ
く、その場合、ハロゲンとしては塩素又はフッ素が好ま
しい。In the above, the spacer group Y and the mesogen group Z may be bonded via an ether bond, that is, via —O—. In the phenyl group in the mesogen group Z, one or two hydrogens may be substituted with a halogen. In this case, the halogen is preferably chlorine or fluorine.
【００１８】上記したネマチック配向性の側鎖型液晶ポ
リマー（液晶性熱可塑性樹脂）は、上記の一般式で表さ
れるモノマー単位を有するホモポリマーやコポリマー等
の適宜な液晶性熱可塑性樹脂であればよく、就中モノド
メイン配向性に優れるものが好ましい。The nematic alignment side-chain type liquid crystal polymer (liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin) may be any suitable liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin such as a homopolymer or a copolymer having a monomer unit represented by the above general formula. What is good is especially what has excellent monodomain orientation.
【００１９】上記したネマチック配向性の液晶性熱可塑
性樹脂を用いた複屈折性フィルムの形成は、例えば透明
樹脂フィルムを形成するための樹脂と、その樹脂のガラ
ス転移温度よりも低い温度域でネマチック液晶相を呈す
るガラス転移温度が５０℃以上、就中６０℃以上、特に
７０℃以上の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を混合して、液晶性熱
可塑性樹脂を微小領域の状態で分散含有する透明樹脂フ
ィルムを形成した後、その微小領域を形成する液晶性熱
可塑性樹脂を加熱処理してネマチック液晶相に配向さ
せ、その配向状態を冷却固定する方法などにて行うこと
ができる。The formation of the birefringent film using the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin having the nematic orientation described above is performed, for example, by forming a resin for forming a transparent resin film and a nematic in a temperature range lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin. A transparent resin film containing a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin dispersed in a minute area by mixing a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin having a glass transition temperature exhibiting a liquid crystal phase of 50 ° C. or higher, preferably 60 ° C. or higher, particularly 70 ° C. or higher. Is formed, a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin forming the minute region is subjected to a heat treatment to be oriented to a nematic liquid crystal phase, and the orientation state is cooled and fixed.
【００２０】前記において用いる透明樹脂フィルムを形
成するための樹脂と液晶性熱可塑性樹脂の組合せとして
は、得られる複屈折性フィルムにおける微小領域の分散
分布性などの点より、材料同士が完全相溶性でない組合
せ、就中、相分離する組合せで用いることが好ましい。
その組合せによる相溶性により分散分布性を制御するこ
とができる。相分離は、例えば非相溶性の材料を溶媒に
て溶液化する方式や加熱溶融下に混合する方式などの適
宜な方式にて行うことができる。As the combination of the resin for forming the transparent resin film and the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin used in the above, the materials are completely compatible with each other in view of the dispersion distribution of the minute regions in the obtained birefringent film. It is preferable to use a combination that does not have the above, especially a combination that separates phases.
The dispersion distribution can be controlled by the compatibility of the combination. The phase separation can be performed by an appropriate method such as a method in which an incompatible material is made into a solution with a solvent or a method in which the materials are mixed while heating and melting.
【００２１】液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を微小領域の状態で分
散含有する透明樹脂フィルム、すなわち配向処理対象の
フィルムの形成は、例えばキャスティング法や押出成形
法、射出成形法やロール成形法、流延成形法などの適宜
な方式にて得ることができ、モノマー状態で展開しそれ
を加熱処理や紫外線等の放射線処理などにより重合して
フィルム状に製膜する方式などにても行うことができ
る。The formation of a transparent resin film in which a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin is dispersed and contained in a minute region, that is, a film to be subjected to an alignment treatment is performed by, for example, a casting method, an extrusion molding method, an injection molding method, a roll molding method, a cast molding method. It can be obtained by an appropriate method such as a method, and can also be carried out by developing in a monomer state, polymerizing it by a heat treatment or a radiation treatment such as ultraviolet rays, and forming a film.
【００２２】微小領域の均等分布性に優れる複屈折性フ
ィルムを得る点などよりは、溶媒を介した形成材の混合
液をキャスティング法や流延成形法等にて製膜する方式
が好ましい。その場合、溶媒の種類や混合液の粘度、混
合液展開層の乾燥速度などにより微小領域の大きさや分
布性などを制御することができる。ちなみに微小領域の
小面積化には混合液の低粘度化や混合液展開層の乾燥速
度の急速化などが有利である。From the viewpoint of obtaining a birefringent film having excellent uniform distribution of microscopic regions, a method of forming a mixed solution of a forming material through a solvent by a casting method, a casting method, or the like is preferable. In this case, the size and distribution of the minute region can be controlled by the type of the solvent, the viscosity of the mixed solution, the drying speed of the mixed solution developing layer, and the like. Incidentally, in order to reduce the area of the minute region, it is advantageous to lower the viscosity of the mixed liquid and to increase the drying rate of the mixed liquid developing layer.
【００２３】配向処理対象のフィルムの厚さは、適宜に
決定しうるが、一般には配向処理性などの点より１μm
〜３mm、就中５μm〜１mm、特に１０〜５００μmとされ
る。なおフィルムの形成に際しては、例えば分散剤や界
面活性剤、紫外線吸収剤や色調調節剤、難燃剤や離型
剤、酸化防止剤などの適宜な添加剤を配合することがで
きる。The thickness of the film to be subjected to the alignment treatment can be determined as appropriate, but is generally 1 μm
３3 mm, especially 5 μm to 1 mm, especially 10 to 500 μm. In forming the film, for example, appropriate additives such as a dispersant, a surfactant, an ultraviolet absorber, a color tone adjuster, a flame retardant, a release agent, and an antioxidant can be blended.
【００２４】配向処理は、例えば透明樹脂フィルム中に
微小領域として分散分布する液晶性熱可塑性樹脂がネマ
チック相等の目的とする液晶相を呈する温度に加熱して
溶融させ、それを配向規制力の作用化に配向させて急冷
し、配向状態を固定化する方式などにて行うことができ
る。その配向状態は、可及的にモノドメイン状態にある
ことが光学特性のバラツキ防止などの点より好ましい。In the alignment treatment, for example, a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin dispersed and distributed as fine regions in a transparent resin film is heated and melted to a temperature at which a desired liquid crystal phase such as a nematic phase is exhibited, and the melt is heated by an action of an alignment regulating force. It can be performed by a method of quenching after orientation and fixing the orientation state. The orientation state is preferably in a mono-domain state as much as possible from the viewpoint of preventing variations in optical characteristics.
【００２５】なお前記の配向規制力としては、例えば透
明樹脂フィルムを適宜な倍率で延伸処理する方式による
延伸力やフィルム形成時のシェアリング力、電界や磁界
などの、液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を配向させうる適宜な規制
力を適用でき、その１種又は２種以上の規制力を作用さ
せて液晶性熱可塑性樹脂の配向処理を行うことができ
る。The above-mentioned alignment regulating force includes, for example, a stretching force by a method of stretching a transparent resin film at an appropriate magnification, a sharing force at the time of film formation, an electric field and a magnetic field, and the like. An appropriate regulating force that can be applied can be applied, and the alignment treatment of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin can be performed by applying one or more kinds of the regulating force.
【００２６】従って複屈折性フィルムにおける液晶性熱
可塑性樹脂からなる微小領域以外の部分は、複屈折性を
示すものであってもよいし、等方性のものであってもよ
い。延伸処理等による配向で複屈折性フィルムの全体が
複屈折性を示すものである場合、その全体の位相差は、
透明樹脂フィルムを形成する樹脂に由来する位相差と液
晶性熱可塑性樹脂に由来する位相差により決定される。
通例その位相差の値には、加成性が成立する。Therefore, the portion other than the microscopic region composed of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin in the birefringent film may exhibit birefringence or may be isotropic. If the entire birefringent film shows birefringence in the orientation by stretching or the like, the overall retardation is,
It is determined by the retardation derived from the resin forming the transparent resin film and the retardation derived from the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin.
Usually, the value of the phase difference is additive.
【００２７】なお前記した液晶性熱可塑性樹脂からなる
微小領域以外の部分が等方性の複屈折性フィルムは、例
えば透明樹脂フィルムを形成する樹脂に等方性のものを
用いて、そのフィルムを当該樹脂のガラス転移温度以下
の温度領域で延伸処理する方式などにより得ることがで
きる。The above-mentioned birefringent film having an isotropic portion other than the minute region made of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin is made of, for example, an isotropic resin for forming a transparent resin film. It can be obtained by a method of stretching in a temperature range not higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin.
【００２８】本発明において用いる複屈折性フィルム
は、面内の平均位相差を５０〜２００nmに制御すると共
に、直線偏光の最大透過率を示す軸方向を△ｎ２方向、
その方向における微小領域と他の部分との屈折率差を△
ｎ２、前記△ｎ２方向と直交する方向を△ｎ１方向、及
びその方向における微小領域と他の部分との屈折率差を
△ｎ１としたとき、△ｎ２を０．０３以下、かつ△ｎ１
＞△ｎ２に制御したものである。かかる屈折率差とする
ことにより、△ｎ１方向での散乱性に優れ、△ｎ ２方向
での偏光状態の維持性及び直進透過性に優れるものとす
ることができる。Birefringent film used in the present invention
Control the average phase difference in the plane to 50 to 200 nm.
, The axis direction showing the maximum transmittance of linearly polarized light is denoted by △ n2direction,
The difference in the refractive index between the minute area and the other part in that direction is
n2, The △ n2The direction orthogonal to the direction is △ n1Direction
And the refractive index difference between the minute area and the other part in that direction.
△ n1And △ n2Less than or equal to 0.03 and Δn1
> △ n2Is controlled. Such a difference in refractive index
Therefore, △ n1Excellent scattering in the direction, Δn 2direction
Excellent in maintaining the polarization state in the
Can be
【００２９】前記した面内の平均位相差が５０nm未満で
は、視野角の変化に対する補償効果に乏しく、２００nm
を超えると複屈折率差の波長分散で着色化等の色変化を
生じて、いずれの場合も良視認の視野角の拡大が困難で
ある。良視認の視野角の拡大性などの点より好ましい面
内の平均位相差は、７０〜１８０nm、就中１００〜１５
０nmである。When the average in-plane phase difference is less than 50 nm, the effect of compensating for a change in viewing angle is poor, and the average phase difference is less than 200 nm.
When the ratio exceeds 2, a color change such as coloring occurs due to the wavelength dispersion of the birefringence difference, and in any case, it is difficult to increase the viewing angle for good visibility. The average in-plane retardation is preferably from 70 to 180 nm, more preferably from 100 to 15 from the viewpoint of expandability of the viewing angle for good visibility.
0 nm.
【００３０】一方、散乱性などの点より△ｎ１方向にお
ける屈折率差△ｎ１は、適度に大きいことが好ましく、
０．０４〜１、就中０．０４５〜０．５の屈折率差△ｎ
１であることが好ましい。また偏光状態の維持性などの
点より△ｎ２方向における屈折率差△ｎ２は、小さいほ
ど好ましく、０．０２５以下、就中０．０２０以下、特
に０．０１５以下の屈折率差△ｎ２であることが好まし
い。On the other hand, the refractive index difference Δn 1 in the Δn 1 direction is preferably moderately large from the viewpoint of scattering properties and the like.
0.04-1, especially 0.045-0.5 refractive index difference Δn
It is preferably 1 . From the viewpoint of maintaining the polarization state, etc., the refractive index difference Δn 2 in the Δn 2 direction is preferably as small as possible, and is preferably 0.025 or less, particularly 0.020 or less, and particularly 0.015 or less. It is preferably 2 .
【００３１】よって上記した配向処理は、微小領域を形
成する液晶性熱可塑性樹脂を可及的に一定方向に配向さ
せて当該△ｎ１方向の屈折率差を大きくする操作、又は
当該△ｎ２方向の屈折率差を小さくする操作、あるいは
それらの両方を達成する操作として位置付けることもで
きる。[0031] Accordingly alignment process described above, the operation which is oriented in a certain direction as much as possible liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin forming the minute domains to increase the refractive index difference between the △ n 1 direction, or the △ n 2 It can be positioned as an operation for reducing the refractive index difference in the direction or an operation for achieving both of them.
【００３２】従って前記の屈折率差特性を達成する点よ
り、透明樹脂フィルムを形成する樹脂の屈折率が、微小
領域を形成する液晶性熱可塑性樹脂の常光線屈折率と可
及的に一致し、異常光線屈折率と適度に相違するような
関係の樹脂と液晶性熱可塑性樹脂の組合せで用いて複屈
折性フィルムを形成することが有利である。Therefore, from the viewpoint of achieving the above-mentioned refractive index difference characteristic, the refractive index of the resin forming the transparent resin film matches the ordinary ray refractive index of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin forming the minute area as much as possible. It is advantageous to form a birefringent film using a combination of a resin and a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin having a relationship that is appropriately different from the extraordinary ray refractive index.
【００３３】複屈折性フィルムにおける微小領域は、前
記散乱効果等の均質性などの点より可及的に均等に分散
分布していることが好ましい。微小領域の大きさ、特に
散乱方向である△ｎ１方向の長さは、後方散乱（反射）
や波長依存性に関係する。光利用効率の向上や波長依存
性による着色の防止、微小領域の視覚による視認阻害の
防止ないし鮮明な表示の阻害防止、さらには製膜性やフ
ィルム強度などの点より微小領域の好ましい大きさ、特
に△ｎ１方向の好ましい長さは、０．０５〜５００μ
m、就中０．１〜２５０μm、特に１〜１００μmであ
る。なお微小領域は、通例ドメインの状態で複屈折性フ
ィルム中に存在するが、その△ｎ２方向の長さについて
は特に限定はない。It is preferable that the minute regions in the birefringent film are dispersed and distributed as uniformly as possible from the viewpoint of homogeneity such as the scattering effect. The size of the minute region, particularly the length in the Δn 1 direction, which is the scattering direction, is determined by backscattering (reflection).
And wavelength dependence. Improvement of light use efficiency and prevention of coloring due to wavelength dependence, prevention of visual obstruction of fine regions or prevention of clear display, and more preferable size of micro regions from the viewpoint of film forming property and film strength, particularly △ n 1 direction preferred length, 0.05～500Myu
m, especially 0.1 to 250 μm, especially 1 to 100 μm. Although the minute region is usually present in the birefringent film in a state of a domain, the length in the Δn 2 direction is not particularly limited.
【００３４】複屈折性フィルム中に占める微小領域の割
合は、面内の平均位相差や△ｎ１方向の散乱性などの点
より適宜に決定しうるが、一般にはフィルム強度なども
踏まえて０．１〜７０重量％、就中０．５〜５０重量
％、特に１〜３０重量％とされる。なお複屈折性フィル
ムにおける液晶性熱可塑性樹脂からなる微小領域は、フ
ィルム厚と同厚であってもよいし、フィルム厚よりも薄
層であってもよく、その場合、微小領域がフィルム厚方
向に重複する状態にあってもよい。The ratio of the minute regions occupying the birefringent film in can be properly determined from the viewpoint of the average phase difference and △ n 1 direction scattering plane, generally in light well as film strength 0 0.1 to 70% by weight, especially 0.5 to 50% by weight, especially 1 to 30% by weight. In addition, the minute region composed of the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin in the birefringent film may be the same thickness as the film thickness, or may be a thinner layer than the film thickness. May overlap.
【００３５】複屈折性フィルムは、図１に例示の如く単
層１で用いることもできるし、その２層以上を積層した
積層体として用いることもできる。複屈折性フィルムの
積層により、厚さ増加以上の相乗的な散乱効果を発揮さ
せることができる。積層体は、△ｎ１方向又は△ｎ２方
向の任意な配置角度で複屈折性フィルムを積層したもの
であってよいが、散乱効果の拡大などの点よりは△ｎ１
方向が上下の層で平行関係となるように積層したものが
好ましい。複屈折性フィルムの積層数は、２層以上の適
宜な数とすることができるThe birefringent film can be used as a single layer 1 as shown in FIG. 1 or as a laminate of two or more layers. By laminating the birefringent films, a synergistic scattering effect of increasing the thickness or more can be exhibited. Laminate, △ n 1 in any arrangement angle direction or △ n 2 direction may be formed by laminating a birefringent film, but from the viewpoint of expansion of scattering effect △ n 1
It is preferable that the layers are stacked so that the direction is parallel between the upper and lower layers. The number of layers of the birefringent film can be an appropriate number of two or more layers.
【００３６】また積層する複屈折性フィルムは、△ｎ１
又は△ｎ２が同じものであってもよいし、異なるもので
あってもよい。なお△ｎ１方向等における上下の層での
平行関係は、可及的に平行であることが好ましいが、作
業誤差によるズレなどは許容される。また△ｎ１方向等
にバラツキがある場合には、その平均方向に基づく。The birefringent film to be laminated has Δn 1
Alternatively, Δn 2 may be the same or different. Note △ parallel relationship with the upper and lower layers in the n 1 direction and the like is preferably the as much as possible parallel, etc. offset by an operator error is acceptable. The △ when there is variation in the n 1 direction, etc., based on the average direction.
【００３７】積層体における複屈折性フィルムは、単に
重ね置いた状態にあってもよいが、△ｎ１方向等のズレ
防止や各界面への異物等の侵入防止などの点よりは接着
層等を介して接着されていることが好ましい。その接着
には、例えばアクリル系やシリコーン系、ポリエステル
系やポリウレタン系、ポリエーテル系やゴム系等の粘着
剤などの適宜な透明接着剤を用いることができ、その種
類について特に限定はない。The birefringent film in the laminate may be in simply overlapping at state but, △ n 1 direction adhesive layer from the point of view of such deviation prevention and intrusion prevention foreign matter into the interfaces such as such It is preferable that they are adhered through a hole. For the adhesion, for example, an appropriate transparent adhesive such as an acrylic, silicone, polyester, polyurethane, polyether, or rubber adhesive can be used, and the type thereof is not particularly limited.
【００３８】反射損を抑制する点よりは、両側の複屈折
性フィルムとの屈折率差が可及的に小さい接着層が好ま
しく、複屈折性フィルムを形成する樹脂にて接着するこ
ともできる。また光学特性の変化を防止する点などより
は、硬化や乾燥の際に高温のプロセスを要しないものが
好ましく、長時間の硬化処理や乾燥時間を要しないもの
が望ましい。また加熱や加湿条件下に剥離等を生じない
ものが好ましい。From the viewpoint of suppressing the reflection loss, an adhesive layer having a refractive index difference as small as possible from the birefringent films on both sides is preferable, and it is also possible to adhere with a resin forming the birefringent film. Further, it is preferable that a high-temperature process is not required at the time of curing or drying, and a material that does not require a long curing treatment or drying time is more preferable than preventing the change of optical characteristics. Further, a material that does not cause peeling or the like under heating or humidifying conditions is preferable.
【００３９】かかる点より、（メタ）アクリル酸ブチル
や（メタ）アクリル酸メチル、（メタ）アクリル酸エチ
ルや（メタ）アクリル酸の如きモノマーを成分とする重
量平均分子量が１０万以上で、ガラス転移温度が０℃以
下のアクリル系ポリマーからなるアクリル系粘着剤が特
に好ましく用いうる。またアクリル系粘着剤は、透明性
や耐候性や耐熱性などに優れる点よりも好ましい。In view of the above, the weight average molecular weight containing a monomer such as butyl (meth) acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate or (meth) acrylic acid as a component is 100,000 or more, and glass An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composed of an acrylic polymer having a transition temperature of 0 ° C. or lower can be particularly preferably used. An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is more preferable than a point excellent in transparency, weather resistance, heat resistance, and the like.
【００４０】接着剤には、必要に応じて例えば天然物や
合成物の樹脂類、ガラス繊維やガラスビーズ、金属粉や
その他の無機粉末等からなる充填剤や顔料、着色剤や酸
化防止剤などの適宜な添加剤を配合することもできる。
また微粒子を含有させて光拡散性を示す接着層とするこ
ともできる。If necessary, the adhesive may be, for example, a resin or a natural product or a synthetic product, a filler or a pigment comprising glass fiber or glass beads, a metal powder or other inorganic powder, a coloring agent or an antioxidant. Can be added.
Further, an adhesive layer exhibiting light diffusing properties can be formed by incorporating fine particles.
【００４１】本発明による広視野角偏光板は、図１に例
示の如く複屈折性フィルム１と偏光板３を有する重畳体
からなり、液晶セルの複屈折による視覚特性の補償など
に好ましく用いうる。前記の偏光板には直線偏光を形成
しうる適宜なものを用いうる。すなわち偏光板では、吸
収型や散乱型や反射型などの各種タイプのものがある
が、本発明においてはそのいずれのタイプも用いうる。The wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate according to the present invention comprises a superimposed body having a birefringent film 1 and a polarizing plate 3 as illustrated in FIG. 1, and can be preferably used for compensating visual characteristics due to birefringence of a liquid crystal cell. . As the above-mentioned polarizing plate, an appropriate polarizing plate capable of forming linearly polarized light can be used. That is, there are various types of polarizing plates, such as an absorption type, a scattering type, and a reflection type, and any of these types can be used in the present invention.
【００４２】ちなみに前記偏光板の具体例としては、ポ
リビニルアルコール系フィルムや部分ホルマール化ポリ
ビニルアルコール系フィルム、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共
重合体系部分ケン化フィルムの如き親水性高分子フィル
ムに、ヨウ素や二色性染料等の二色性物質を吸着させて
延伸した吸収型タイプの偏光フィルム、ポリビニルアル
コールの脱水処理物やポリ塩化ビニルの脱塩酸処理物の
如きポリエン配向タイプの偏光フィルムがあげられる。Incidentally, specific examples of the polarizing plate include iodine and two-color hydrophilic polymer films such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based film, a partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol-based film, and an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer-based partially saponified film. Absorption-type polarizing films that are stretched by adsorbing a dichroic substance such as a chromatic dye, and polyene-oriented polarizing films such as dehydrated polyvinyl alcohol and dehydrochlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
【００４３】また前記偏光フィルムの片面又は両面に耐
水性等の保護目的で、プラスチックの塗布層やフィルム
のラミネート層等からなる透明保護層を設けた保護タイ
プの偏光板もあげられる。またその透明保護層に、例え
ば平均粒径が０．５〜５０μmのシリカやアルミナ、チ
タニアやジルコニア、酸化錫や酸化インジウム、酸化カ
ドミウムや酸化アンチモン等の導電性のこともある無機
系微粒子、架橋又は未架橋ポリマー等の有機系微粒子等
の透明微粒子を含有させて表面に微細凹凸構造を付与し
た散乱型タイプの偏光板もあげられる。Further, a protective type polarizing plate having a transparent protective layer comprising a plastic coating layer or a film laminating layer for the purpose of protecting water resistance or the like on one or both sides of the polarizing film is also included. In addition, the transparent protective layer may include, for example, inorganic fine particles having an average particle size of 0.5 to 50 μm, such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, indium oxide, cadmium oxide, and antimony oxide. Alternatively, a scattering type polarizing plate in which transparent fine particles such as organic fine particles such as an uncrosslinked polymer are contained to impart a fine uneven structure to the surface is also included.
【００４４】加えて、表面に微細凹凸構造を付与したも
のであることもある前記の透明保護層に、例えば金属の
蒸着層やメッキ層、金属粉末含有の樹脂層や金属箔など
からなる反射層を付設した反射型タイプの偏光板なども
あげられる。なお偏光板としては、輝度やコントラスト
の向上を図る点などより、上記した二色性物質含有の吸
収型偏光板などの如く偏光度の高いもの就中、光透過率
が４０％以上で、偏光度が９５．０％以上、特に９９％
以上のものが好ましく用いられる。In addition, the above-mentioned transparent protective layer, which may be provided with a fine uneven structure on the surface, is provided with, for example, a metal vapor deposition layer, a plating layer, a metal powder-containing resin layer, a metal foil or the like reflection layer. And a reflection type polarizing plate provided with. As the polarizing plate, a polarizing plate having a high degree of polarization, such as the above-mentioned absorption type polarizing plate containing a dichroic substance, is preferably used because it has a light transmittance of 40% or more, in order to improve luminance and contrast. 95.0% or more, especially 99%
The above are preferably used.
【００４５】本発明による広視野角偏光板の実用に際し
ては、適宜な光学部品ないし光学層を必要に応じて付加
した重畳体とすることもできる。重畳体は、偏光板を含
めて単に重ね置いたものであってもよいが、ズレ防止や
各界面への異物等の侵入防止などの点より必要に応じ接
着層等を介して密着処理したものであることが好まし
い。その必要に応じての接着層としては、上記した複屈
折性フィルムの積層の場合に準じうる。In practical use of the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate according to the present invention, a superposed body in which appropriate optical components or optical layers are added as necessary can be used. The superimposed body may be simply superimposed, including the polarizing plate, but may be subjected to close contact treatment via an adhesive layer or the like as necessary from the viewpoint of preventing displacement and preventing invasion of foreign matter and the like to each interface. It is preferred that The optional adhesive layer can be in accordance with the above-described case of laminating a birefringent film.
【００４６】広視野角偏光板は、前記の光学部品ないし
光学層を必要に応じ付加する場合も含めて、液晶表示装
置等の形成の際にその構成層を順次別個に重畳する方式
にても形成しうるが、予め密着処理した重畳体とする事
前重畳方式が品質の安定性や重畳作業性などに優れて液
晶表示装置等の製造効率を向上させうる点などより好ま
しい。The wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate may have a structure in which its constituent layers are sequentially and separately superimposed upon forming a liquid crystal display device or the like, including the case where the above-mentioned optical parts or optical layers are added as necessary. Although it can be formed, a pre-superimposition method using a pre-adhesion-processed superimposed body is preferable because it has excellent quality stability, superimposition workability, and the like, and can improve the manufacturing efficiency of a liquid crystal display device and the like.
【００４７】上記した広視野角偏光板に重畳する光学部
品ないし光学層については、特に限定はなく、例えば位
相差板や導光板等のバックライト、反射板や多層膜等か
らなる偏光分離板、液晶セルや防眩処理層、反射防止層
などの適宜なものであってよい。The optical components or optical layers superimposed on the above-mentioned wide viewing angle polarizing plate are not particularly limited. For example, a backlight such as a retardation plate or a light guide plate, a polarizing plate composed of a reflecting plate or a multilayer film, Appropriate materials such as a liquid crystal cell, an antiglare treatment layer, and an antireflection layer may be used.
【００４８】ちなみに前記位相差板の具体例としては、
上記の複屈折性フィルムで例示した樹脂類からなる延伸
フィルムや液晶ポリマー、就中、捩じれ配向の液晶ポリ
マーなどからなるものがあげられる。用いる位相差板
は、例えば１／４波長板や１／２波長板、一軸や二軸等
による延伸タイプやさらに厚さ方向にも分子配向させた
傾斜タイプ、液晶タイプ、視野角や複屈折による位相差
を補償するタイプ、それらを積層したタイプのものなど
の各種のものを用いうる。Incidentally, as a specific example of the retardation plate,
Examples include stretched films and liquid crystal polymers made of the resins exemplified as the above birefringent films, especially those made of a twisted liquid crystal polymer. The retardation plate to be used is, for example, a 波長 wavelength plate, a 波長 wavelength plate, a uniaxial or biaxial stretching type, a tilt type in which molecules are oriented in the thickness direction, a liquid crystal type, a viewing angle or a birefringence. Various types such as a type for compensating for a phase difference and a type in which they are laminated can be used.
【００４９】また導光板の具体例としては、透明な樹脂
板の側面に（冷，熱）陰極管等の線状光源や発光ダイオ
ード、ＥＬ等の光源を配置し、その樹脂板に板内を伝送
される光を拡散や反射、回折や干渉等により板の片面側
に出射するようにしたものなどがあげられる。As a specific example of the light guide plate, a linear light source such as a (cold or hot) cathode tube or a light source such as a light emitting diode or an EL is disposed on the side surface of a transparent resin plate. Light transmitted to one side of the plate by diffusion, reflection, diffraction, interference, or the like may be used.
【００５０】導光板を含む広視野角偏光板の形成に際し
ては、光の出射方向を制御するためのプリズムシート等
からなるプリズムアレイ層、均一な発光を得るための拡
散板、線状光源からの出射光を導光板の側面に導くため
の光源ホルダなどの補助手段を導光板の上下面や側面な
どの所定位置に必要に応じ１層又は２層以上を配置して
適宜な組合せ体とすることができる。反射板としては、
上記した反射型偏光板で例示した反射板ないし反射層な
どがあげられる。When a wide viewing angle polarizing plate including a light guide plate is formed, a prism array layer composed of a prism sheet or the like for controlling a light emitting direction, a diffusion plate for obtaining uniform light emission, a linear light source. Auxiliary means, such as a light source holder, for guiding outgoing light to the side surface of the light guide plate may be appropriately combined with one or more layers arranged at predetermined positions on the upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces of the light guide plate. Can be. As a reflector,
The reflection plate or the reflection layer exemplified as the reflection type polarizing plate described above can be used.
【００５１】一方、防眩処理層は、広視野角偏光板ない
し液晶表示装置等を視認する場合に表面で外光が反射し
て広視野角偏光板等の透過光ないし表示像の視認を阻害
することの防止などを目的に付設されるものである。防
眩処理層（ノングレア層）は、例えば透明微粒子の含有
による表面微細凹凸構造の樹脂層、サンドブラスト加工
やエンボス加工による表面微細凹凸構造シート等の如く
適宜な方式で表面を微細凹凸構造化したものなどとして
得ることができる。従って防眩処理層は、広視野角偏光
板等の表面に付加した光学層などとしても形成すること
ができる。On the other hand, the anti-glare treatment layer prevents external light from being reflected on the surface when viewing a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate or a liquid crystal display device or the like, and hinders viewing of transmitted light or a display image from the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate or the like. It is provided for the purpose of preventing such activities. The anti-glare treatment layer (non-glare layer) is a layer whose surface has a fine uneven structure by an appropriate method such as a resin layer having a fine surface uneven structure due to the inclusion of transparent fine particles, or a sheet having a fine surface uneven structure by sandblasting or embossing. And so on. Therefore, the anti-glare treatment layer can also be formed as an optical layer or the like added to the surface of a wide viewing angle polarizing plate or the like.
【００５２】反射防止膜は、広視野角偏光板ないし液晶
セルを透過する光の反射損の防止や、前記の防眩処理層
と同様に、広視野角偏光板ないし液晶表示層等に入射す
る光の表面反射による視認阻害の防止などを目的に付設
されるものであり、例えばシート等に干渉性の単層又は
多層の蒸着膜を付与する方式などにより形成される。従
って反射防止膜も広視野角偏光板等の表面に付加した光
学層などとして形成することもできる。The antireflection film prevents reflection loss of light transmitted through the wide viewing angle polarizing plate or the liquid crystal cell, and is incident on the wide viewing angle polarizing plate or the liquid crystal display layer as in the case of the above-mentioned antiglare treatment layer. It is provided for the purpose of preventing visual obstruction due to surface reflection of light, and is formed by, for example, a method of providing a coherent single-layer or multilayer vapor-deposited film on a sheet or the like. Therefore, the antireflection film can also be formed as an optical layer or the like added to the surface of a wide viewing angle polarizing plate or the like.
【００５３】本発明による広視野角偏光板を形成する重
畳体は、上記の如く複屈折性フィルムと偏光板以外の光
学部品ないし光学層を１種又は２種以上用いたものであ
ってくその場合、例えば位相差板等の同種の光学部品等
を２層以上積層したものであってもよい。その同種の光
学部品等の特性は同じであってもよいし、相違していて
もよい。The superimposed body forming the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate according to the present invention comprises one or more optical components or optical layers other than the birefringent film and the polarizing plate as described above. For example, two or more layers of the same kind of optical components such as a retardation plate may be laminated. The characteristics of the same kind of optical components and the like may be the same or different.
【００５４】広視野角偏光板を形成する複屈折性フィル
ムは、重畳体の片外面や両外面、重畳体を形成する光学
部品等の片面や両面などの重畳体の外部や内部の適宜な
位置に１層又は２層以上が配置されていてよい。従って
広視野角偏光板は、それを形成する複屈折性フィルムと
偏光板が隣接したものであってもよいし、それらの間に
他の光学部品等が介在したものであってもよい。The birefringent film forming the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate may be located at an appropriate position inside or outside the superimposed body, such as one or both outer surfaces of the superimposed body, and one or both sides of optical components or the like forming the superimposed body. One or two or more layers may be arranged on the substrate. Accordingly, the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate may be one in which the birefringent film and the polarizing plate forming the polarizing plate are adjacent to each other, or one in which another optical component or the like is interposed therebetween.
【００５５】なお上記した偏光板や複屈折性フィルム、
光学部品や光学層等の広視野角偏光板を形成する各層
は、例えばサリチル酸エステル系化合物やベンゾフェノ
ール系化合物、ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物やシアノア
クリレート系化合物、ニッケル錯塩系化合物等の紫外線
吸収剤で処理する方式などにより紫外線吸収能をもたせ
ることもできる。The above-mentioned polarizing plate or birefringent film,
Each layer forming a wide viewing angle polarizing plate such as an optical component or an optical layer is treated with an ultraviolet absorber such as a salicylate compound, a benzophenol compound, a benzotriazole compound, a cyanoacrylate compound, and a nickel complex salt compound. UV absorption ability can be provided by a method such as the following.
【００５６】広視野角偏光板を形成する複屈折性フィル
ムと偏光板の配置関係は、複屈折性フィルムの透過・散
乱特性を有効に活用する点などより、図２に矢印で例示
した如く、複屈折性フィルム１の△ｎ１方向、従って遅
相軸と偏光板３の透過軸Ｔとが平行関係となるように配
置される。これにより上記した本発明の目的を達成する
ことができる。当該平行関係は、上記した複屈折性フィ
ルムを積層する場合に準じうる。The arrangement relationship between the birefringent film and the polarizing plate forming the wide viewing angle polarizing plate is, as shown by arrows in FIG. 2, because the transmission and scattering characteristics of the birefringent film are effectively utilized. The birefringent film 1 is arranged such that the Δn 1 direction, that is, the slow axis and the transmission axis T of the polarizing plate 3 are in a parallel relationship. Thereby, the object of the present invention described above can be achieved. The parallel relationship can be based on the case where the above-described birefringent films are laminated.
【００５７】本発明による広視野角偏光板は、上記した
特長を有することより透過型や反射型、あるいは透過・
反射両用の液晶表示装置の形成などに好ましく用いう
る。その液晶表示装置の例を図３、図４に示した。３，
３１が偏光板、４が液晶セル、５が鏡面反射板である。
図３は透過型、図４は反射型のものを例示している。な
お図３の透過型においては、偏光板３１側の視認背面側
に通例配置されるバックライトシステムの図示が省略さ
れている。The polarizing plate having a wide viewing angle according to the present invention has the above-mentioned features, and thus has a transmission type, a reflection type or a transmission type.
It can be preferably used for forming a liquid crystal display device for both reflection and the like. Examples of the liquid crystal display device are shown in FIGS. 3,
31 is a polarizing plate, 4 is a liquid crystal cell, and 5 is a specular reflection plate.
3 illustrates a transmission type and FIG. 4 illustrates a reflection type. In the transmissive type shown in FIG. 3, the illustration of a backlight system normally arranged on the viewing rear side of the polarizing plate 31 is omitted.
【００５８】なお前記の図例では、広視野角偏光板が液
晶セル４の視認側に複屈折性フィルム１を内側にして配
置されており、この配置関係が視認特性などの点より一
般に好ましいが、例えば反射型では偏光板３を内側に配
置する方式や、透過型では液晶セル４の視認背面側に広
視野角偏光板を配置する方式などの如く、広視野角偏光
板の配置位置は、適宜に決定することができる。In the above example, the wide viewing angle polarizing plate is arranged on the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell 4 with the birefringent film 1 inside, and this arrangement is generally preferable from the viewpoint of the viewing characteristics. For example, in a reflective type, a polarizing plate 3 is disposed inside, and in a transmissive type, a wide viewing angle polarizing plate is disposed on the viewing back side of the liquid crystal cell 4. It can be determined appropriately.
【００５９】液晶表示装置は一般に、偏光板、液晶セ
ル、反射板又はバックライト、及び必要に応じての光学
部品等の構成部品を適宜に組立てて駆動回路を組込むこ
となどにより形成される。本発明においては、上記した
広視野角偏光板を用いる点を除いて特に限定はなく、従
来に準じて形成することができる。A liquid crystal display device is generally formed by appropriately assembling components such as a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal cell, a reflector or a backlight, and optical components as necessary, and incorporating a drive circuit. In the present invention, there is no particular limitation except that the above-mentioned wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate is used, and it can be formed according to a conventional method.
【００６０】従って、液晶セルの片側又は両側に広視野
角偏光板を配置した液晶表示装置や、前記した照明シス
テムにバックライトや反射板あるいは半透過反射板を用
いたものなどの適宜な液晶表示装置を形成することがで
きる。その場合、広視野角偏光板は前記の如く、その複
屈折性フィルムが液晶セルと偏光フィルムとの間、特に
視認側の偏光フィルムとの間に位置するように配置する
ことが補償効果の点などより好ましい。Accordingly, an appropriate liquid crystal display device such as a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle polarizing plate disposed on one or both sides of a liquid crystal cell, or a device using a backlight, a reflector or a semi-transmissive reflector in the above-mentioned illumination system. A device can be formed. In this case, as described above, the wide viewing angle polarizing plate is arranged so that the birefringent film is located between the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing film, particularly, between the polarizing film on the viewing side and the compensation effect. More preferred.
【００６１】また液晶表示装置の形成に際しては、上記
した光学部品や光学層を付加した広視野角偏光板とする
場合の如く、例えば視認側の表面に設ける防眩処理層や
反射防止膜、保護層や保護板、あるいは液晶セルと視認
側等の偏光板の間に設ける位相差補償板などの適宜な光
学部品ないし光学層を適宜な位置に１層又は２層以上配
置することができる。When a liquid crystal display device is formed, as in the case of a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate to which the above-mentioned optical components and optical layers are added, for example, an antiglare treatment layer, an antireflection film, One or two or more suitable optical components or optical layers such as a layer or a protective plate, or a phase difference compensator provided between a liquid crystal cell and a polarizing plate on the viewing side or the like can be disposed at an appropriate position.
【００６２】前記の位相差補償板は、複屈折の波長依存
性などを補償して視認性を向上させることなどを目的と
するものであり、視認側又は／及び視認背面側の偏光板
と液晶セルの間等に配置される。なお位相差補償板とし
ては、波長域などに応じて上記した位相差板などの適宜
なものを用いうる。また位相差補償板は、２層以上の位
相差層からなっていてもよい。The phase difference compensator is intended to improve the visibility by compensating the wavelength dependence of birefringence and the like, and the polarizing plate on the viewing side or / and the back side of the viewing side is connected to the liquid crystal. It is arranged between cells. In addition, as the retardation compensator, an appropriate retarder such as the above-described retarder may be used according to a wavelength range or the like. Further, the retardation compensator may be composed of two or more retardation layers.
【００６３】前記において広視野角偏光板は、上記した
如く液晶セルの片側又は両側の適宜な位置に１層又は２
層以上を配置でき、その配置に際しては隣接の光学部品
などと積層一体化した広視野角偏光板として用いること
ができる。また液晶表示装置についてもそれを形成する
各部品は、分離状態にあってもよいが図例の如く接着層
２１，２２を介し接着一体化されていることが好まし
い。In the above description, the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate has one layer or two layers at appropriate positions on one or both sides of the liquid crystal cell as described above.
More than one layer can be arranged, and in that arrangement, it can be used as a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate laminated and integrated with adjacent optical components and the like. In the liquid crystal display device as well, the components forming the liquid crystal display device may be in a separated state, but are preferably bonded and integrated via adhesive layers 21 and 22 as shown in the figure.
【００６４】本発明による広視野角偏光板は、ＴＮ型や
ＳＴＮ型等の複屈折を示す液晶セルを用いたＴＦＴ型や
ＭＩＭ型等の種々の表示装置に好ましく用いうる。The wide viewing angle polarizing plate according to the present invention can be preferably used for various display devices such as TFT type and MIM type using a liquid crystal cell exhibiting birefringence such as TN type or STN type.
【００６５】[0065]
【実施例】実施例１ 加重たわみ温度１６５℃、ガラス転移温度１８２℃のノ
ルボルネン系樹脂（ＪＳＲ社製、アートン）９９０部
（重量部、以下同じ）を含有する２０重量％ジクロロメ
タン溶液に、下式で表されるガラス転移温度８０℃、ネ
マチック液晶化温度１００〜２９０℃の液晶性熱可塑性
樹脂１０部を溶解させてキャスト法により厚さ５０μm
の透明樹脂フィルムを形成し、それを１８５℃で３倍に
延伸処理したのち急冷して、屈折率差△ｎ１が０．２３
０で、△ｎ２が０．０２９の複屈折性フィルムを得た。 EXAMPLE 1 A 20% by weight dichloromethane solution containing 990 parts (parts by weight, hereinafter the same) of norbornene resin (ARTON, manufactured by JSR Corporation) having a weighted deflection temperature of 165 ° C. and a glass transition temperature of 182 ° C. A glass transition temperature of 80 ° C. and a nematic liquid crystal temperature of 100 to 290 ° C. are melted by melting 10 parts of a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin, and the thickness is 50 μm by a casting method.
Is stretched at 185 ° C. three times and then quenched to obtain a refractive index difference Δn 1 of 0.23.
At 0, a birefringent film having Δn 2 of 0.029 was obtained.
【００６６】なお前記の複屈折性フィルムは、ノルボル
ネン系樹脂からなる透明フィルム中に、液晶性熱可塑性
樹脂が延伸方向に長軸なほぼ同じ形状のドメイン状に分
散したものであり、そのドメインの平均径を偏光顕微鏡
観察にて位相差による着色に基づいて測定した結果、△
ｎ１方向の平均長さが５μmであった。また複屈折性フ
ィルムの面内の平均位相差を分光法にて測定したところ
１５０nmであり、遅相軸と△ｎ１方向は平行であった。The birefringent film is a transparent film made of a norbornene-based resin in which a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin is dispersed in domains having substantially the same shape having a long axis in the stretching direction. As a result of measuring the average diameter based on the coloring by the phase difference by observation with a polarizing microscope,
average length of n 1 direction was 5 [mu] m. Also a 150nm was measured average phase difference in a plane of the birefringent film in spectroscopy, slow axis △ n 1 direction was parallel.
【００６７】次に前記の複屈折性フィルムと、市販の全
光線透過率が４１％で透過光の偏光度が９９％の偏光板
を複屈折性フィルムの△ｎ１方向と偏光板の透過軸が平
行となるようにアクリル系粘着層を介し接着して広視野
角偏光板を得た。Next, the above-mentioned birefringent film and a commercially available polarizing plate having a total light transmittance of 41% and a degree of polarization of transmitted light of 99% were combined with the Δn 1 direction of the birefringent film and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate. Were adhered via an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer so that they were parallel to each other to obtain a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate.
【００６８】ついで前記の広視野角偏光板を複屈折性フ
ィルムを内側にしてその△ｎ２方向が黒表示時の偏光方
向に対応するようにアクリル系粘着層を介し液晶セルに
接着し、セルの他面にアクリル系粘着層を介し偏光板を
接着して透過型の液晶表示装置を得た。[0068] bonding the followed the wide viewing angle polarizing plate in the liquid crystal cell via an acrylic adhesive layer so that the △ n 2 direction by the birefringent film on the inside corresponds to the polarization direction in black display, cell A polarizing plate was adhered to the other surface of the film through an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to obtain a transmission type liquid crystal display device.
【００６９】実施例２ ガラス転移温度１５０℃のポリカーボネート９９０部を
含有する２０重量％ジクロロメタン溶液に、下式で表さ
れるガラス転移温度９０℃、ネマチック液晶化温度１２
０〜２００℃の液晶性熱可塑性樹脂１０部を溶解させて
キャスト法により厚さ７０μmの透明樹脂フィルムを形
成し、それを１８５℃で１．５倍に延伸処理したのち急
冷して、屈折率差△ｎ１が０．１５１で、△ｎ２が０．
０１２の複屈折性フィルムを得た。 Example 2 A 20 wt% dichloromethane solution containing 990 parts of polycarbonate having a glass transition temperature of 150 ° C. was mixed with a glass transition temperature of 90 ° C. and a nematic liquid crystalization temperature of 12 represented by the following formula.
A transparent resin film having a thickness of 70 μm is formed by dissolving 10 parts of a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin at 0 to 200 ° C. by a casting method, stretched 1.5 times at 185 ° C., and then quenched to obtain a refractive index. The difference Δn 1 is 0.151 and Δn 2 is.
012 was obtained.
【００７０】なお前記の複屈折性フィルムは、ポリカー
ボネートからなる透明フィルム中に、液晶性熱可塑性樹
脂が延伸方向に長軸なほぼ同じ形状のドメイン状に分散
したものであり、そのドメインの平均径を偏光顕微鏡観
察にて位相差による着色に基づいて測定した結果、△ｎ
１方向の平均長さが６μmであった。また複屈折性フィ
ルムの面内の平均位相差を分光法にて測定したところ１
５０nmであり、遅相軸と△ｎ１方向は平行であった。次
に前記の複屈折性フィルムを用いて実施例１に準じ広視
野角偏光板を得、ついで透過型の液晶表示装置を得た。The birefringent film is a transparent film made of polycarbonate in which a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin is dispersed in domains of substantially the same shape having a long axis in the stretching direction. Was measured based on coloring by phase difference by observation with a polarizing microscope.
The average length in one direction was 6 μm. The average in-plane retardation of the birefringent film was measured by spectroscopy.
A 50 nm, the slow axis and △ n 1 direction was parallel. Next, a polarizing plate having a wide viewing angle was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 by using the birefringent film, and then a transmissive liquid crystal display device was obtained.
【００７１】比較例１ 広視野角偏光板に代えて、偏光板のみとしたほかは実施
例１に準じて透過型の液晶表示装置を得た。Comparative Example 1 A transmissive liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polarizing plate was used instead of the wide viewing angle polarizing plate.
【００７２】比較例２ 複屈折性フィルムに代えて、透明微粒子含有の面内平均
位相差が５nmの光拡散板を用いて拡散偏光板を得、それ
を広視野角偏光板に代えて用いたほかは実施例１に準じ
て液晶表示装置を得た。Comparative Example 2 A light-diffusing plate containing transparent fine particles and having an in-plane average retardation of 5 nm was used in place of the birefringent film to obtain a diffusing polarizing plate, which was used instead of the wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate. Otherwise, a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
【００７３】比較例３ 複屈折性フィルムとして、ポリカーボネートからなる面
内平均位相差が１２０nmの一軸延伸フィルムを用いた楕
円偏光板を得、それを広視野角偏光板に代えて用いたほ
かは実施例１に準じて液晶表示装置を得た。Comparative Example 3 An elliptically polarizing plate using a uniaxially stretched film made of polycarbonate and having an in-plane average retardation of 120 nm as a birefringent film was obtained, and was replaced with a wide viewing angle polarizing plate. A liquid crystal display device was obtained according to Example 1.
【００７４】評価試験 実施例、比較例で得た液晶表示装置をその（広視野角）
偏光板側を視認側としてバックライト上に配置し、コン
トラスト、表示像のボケ、光の拡散性と視野角の広さを
良好、普通、不良の三段階で評価した。Evaluation Test The liquid crystal display devices obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated for their (wide viewing angle).
The polarizing plate was placed on the backlight with the viewing side as the viewing side, and the contrast, blurring of the displayed image, light diffusivity, and the range of the viewing angle were evaluated on three levels: good, normal, and poor.
【００７５】前記の結果を次表に示した。 コントラスト 表示像のボケ 光拡散性 視野角の広さ 実施例１ 良好 良好 良好 良好 実施例２ 良好 良好 良好 良好 比較例１ 良好 良好 不良 不良 比較例２ 不良 不良 良好 普通 比較例３ 良好 良好 不良 良好The results are shown in the following table. Contrast Blurred display image Light diffusing property Wide viewing angle Example 1 Good Good Good Good Good Example 2 Good Good Good Good Comparative Example 1 Good Good Bad Bad Comparative Example 2 Bad Bad Good Normal Comparative Example 3 Good Good Bad Good
【００７６】表より、実施例１，２ではコントラストの
低下や表示像のボケを発生することなく、光が良好に拡
散されて広い視野角が達成されていることがわかる。From the table, it can be seen that in Examples 1 and 2, light was diffused well and a wide viewing angle was achieved without lowering the contrast or causing blurring of the displayed image.
【図１】広視野角偏光板例の断面図FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a wide viewing angle polarizing plate.
【図２】複屈折性フィルムと偏光板の配置関係の説明図FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of an arrangement relationship between a birefringent film and a polarizing plate.
【図３】液晶表示装置例の断面図FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a liquid crystal display device.
【図４】他の液晶表示装置例の断面図FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another example of a liquid crystal display device.
１：複屈折性フィルム（ｅ：微小領域） ２，２１，２２：接着層 ３，３１：偏光板 ４：液晶セル ５：鏡面反射板 1: Birefringent film (e: minute area) 2, 21, 22: adhesive layer 3, 31: polarizing plate 4: liquid crystal cell 5: specular reflector
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 吉見 裕之 大阪府茨木市下穂積１丁目１番２号日東電 工株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 2H049 BA02 BA06 BA42 BB51 BC22 2H091 FA08X FA08Z FA11X FA11Z FA37X FB02 FD06 FD10 FD15 GA17 KA01 LA19 4F100 AK01A AK02A AK45A AL05A AR00B BA02 BA10A BA10B GB41 JA05A JA11A JB16A JN01A JN10B JN18A JN30 YY00A ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Yoshimi 1-2-1 Shimohozumi, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka Nitto Denko Corporation F-term (reference) 2H049 BA02 BA06 BA42 BB51 BC22 2H091 FA08X FA08Z FA11X FA11Z FA37X FB02 FD06 FD10 FD15 GA17 KA01 LA19 4F100 AK01A AK02A AK45A AL05A AR00B BA02 BA10A BA10B GB41 JA05A JA11A JB16A JN01A JN10B JN18A JN30 YY00A
Claims (5)
０nmの複屈折性フィルムの重畳体からなり、その複屈折
性フィルムが液晶性熱可塑性樹脂よりなる微小領域を分
散含有する透明樹脂フィルムからなると共に、直線偏光
の最大透過率を示す軸方向を△ｎ２方向、その方向にお
ける微小領域と他の部分との屈折率差を△ｎ２、前記△
ｎ２方向と直交する方向を△ｎ１方向、及びその方向に
おける微小領域と他の部分との屈折率差を△ｎ１とした
とき、△ｎ２が０．０３以下で、かつ△ｎ１＞△ｎ２で
あり、前記の複屈折性フィルムの△ｎ１方向と遅相軸及
び偏光板の透過軸が平行関係にあることを特徴とする広
視野角偏光板。An average phase difference between the polarizing plate and the plane is 50 to 20.
A birefringent film having a thickness of 0 nm, the birefringent film being composed of a transparent resin film dispersedly containing microscopic regions made of a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin, and having an axial direction showing the maximum transmittance of linearly polarized light. n 2 direction, the refractive index difference between the micro areas and other parts in that direction △ n 2, said △
The direction perpendicular to the n 2 direction △ n 1 direction, and when the refractive index difference between the micro areas and other parts in that direction △ and n 1, △ n 2 is 0.03 or less, and △ n 1 > △ is n 2, wide viewing angle polarizing plate in which the transmission axis of △ n 1 direction and the slow axis and the polarizing plate of the birefringent film is characterized in that in parallel relationship.
がガラス転移温度５０℃以上で、かつ透明樹脂フィルム
を形成する樹脂のガラス転移温度よりも低い温度域でネ
マチック液晶相を呈するものである広視野角偏光板。2. The liquid crystal thermoplastic resin according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal thermoplastic resin exhibits a nematic liquid crystal phase in a temperature range of 50 ° C. or higher and lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin forming the transparent resin film. Wide viewing angle polarizer.
を液晶セルの片側又は両側に有することを特徴とする液
晶表示装置。3. A liquid crystal display device comprising the wide viewing angle polarizing plate according to claim 1 on one or both sides of a liquid crystal cell.
ィルムがアクリル系粘着層を介し、複屈折性フィルムを
内側にして液晶セルに接着された液晶表示装置。4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the polarizing plate and the birefringent film are bonded to a liquid crystal cell with the birefringent film inside through an acrylic adhesive layer.
に防眩処理層又は反射防止層を有する液晶表示装置。5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein an antiglare layer or an antireflection layer is provided on the surface on the viewing side.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP07572899A JP4251704B2 (en) | 1999-03-19 | 1999-03-19 | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate, manufacturing method thereof, and liquid crystal display device |
| KR1019990013972A KR100670566B1 (en) | 1998-04-20 | 1999-04-20 | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate and liquid crystal display |
| US09/294,193 US6236439B1 (en) | 1998-04-20 | 1999-04-20 | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate and liquid crystal display |
| EP99107321A EP0952477A1 (en) | 1998-04-20 | 1999-04-20 | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate and liquid crystal display |
| TW088106273A TW466354B (en) | 1998-04-20 | 1999-04-20 | Wide viewing angle polarizing plane and liquid crystal display |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP07572899A JP4251704B2 (en) | 1999-03-19 | 1999-03-19 | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate, manufacturing method thereof, and liquid crystal display device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000266936A true JP2000266936A (en) | 2000-09-29 |
| JP4251704B2 JP4251704B2 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
Family
ID=13584634
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP07572899A Expired - Fee Related JP4251704B2 (en) | 1998-04-20 | 1999-03-19 | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate, manufacturing method thereof, and liquid crystal display device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4251704B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002207118A (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2002-07-26 | Nitto Denko Corp | Polarizing film and liquid crystal display device |
| WO2010073585A1 (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-01 | パナソニック株式会社 | Sheet and light emitting apparatus |
-
1999
- 1999-03-19 JP JP07572899A patent/JP4251704B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002207118A (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2002-07-26 | Nitto Denko Corp | Polarizing film and liquid crystal display device |
| JP4614407B2 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2011-01-19 | 日東電工株式会社 | Polarizing film and liquid crystal display device |
| WO2010073585A1 (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-01 | パナソニック株式会社 | Sheet and light emitting apparatus |
| US8227966B2 (en) | 2008-12-26 | 2012-07-24 | Panasonic Corporation | Sheet and light emitting apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4251704B2 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
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