JP2000229188A - Rotating hook of sewing machine - Google Patents

Rotating hook of sewing machine

Info

Publication number
JP2000229188A
JP2000229188A JP11033210A JP3321099A JP2000229188A JP 2000229188 A JP2000229188 A JP 2000229188A JP 11033210 A JP11033210 A JP 11033210A JP 3321099 A JP3321099 A JP 3321099A JP 2000229188 A JP2000229188 A JP 2000229188A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
hook
base material
film
rotating hook
point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP11033210A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2981231B1 (en
Inventor
Koji Mizusawa
浩二 水沢
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sabun Lndustrial Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sabun Lndustrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sabun Lndustrial Co Ltd filed Critical Sabun Lndustrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP3321099A priority Critical patent/JP2981231B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2981231B1 publication Critical patent/JP2981231B1/en
Publication of JP2000229188A publication Critical patent/JP2000229188A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it easier to see the point of a rotating hook by a method wherein a carbon hard film is formed over the surface of the rotating hook comprising a curburized and quenched steel as a base material, and a base material exposed portion, free from a carbon hard film, is formed at the tip of the point of the rotating hook. SOLUTION: The rotating hook 6 is formed from a curburized and quenched steel as a base material, and a plating film is formed over the surface of the rotating hook 6 by hard chromium plating or electroless plating, and a carbon hard film 10 is then formed on the plating film. The tip of the point 11 of the rotating hook 6 is partially induction-hardened, whereby the tip of the point 11 having decreased hardness is quenched so as to have a high hardness. At the same time, by being partially quenched, a carbon hard film 10 at a heated portion of the point 11 is burnt so as to be removed from the surface of the bed 6, and hence a base material exposed portion 12 having a lustrous metallic color is formed. Thus, when the bed is set in a sewing machine to set a needle, a work can be conducted while the point 11 can be seen, and hence a good work can be carried out.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、ミシンの回転釜装
置の主要部品となる外釜、すなわち、内釜を収納するミ
シンの外釜に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an outer hook that is a main part of a rotary hook device of a sewing machine, that is, an outer hook of a sewing machine that houses an inner hook.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来のミシンの回転釜装置としては、外
釜内に内釜を収納し、さらに、内釜内にボビンケースを
収納し、ミシン本体に設けた釜止め部材を内釜に形成し
た回り止め凹部に嵌合させて内釜を回り止めすると共に
外釜を回転駆動させるものが一般的である。なお、内釜
の外周面にはリング状の軌条が形成され、外釜の内周面
にはこの軌条が嵌合される軌溝が形成されている。
2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional rotary hook device of a sewing machine, an inner hook is housed in an outer hook, a bobbin case is further housed in the inner hook, and a hook stopper member provided on the sewing machine body is formed in the inner hook. In general, the inner hook is prevented from rotating by being fitted into the rotation stopper recess, and the outer shuttle is rotationally driven. In addition, a ring-shaped rail is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner hook, and a rail groove into which the rail is fitted is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer hook.

【0003】ここで、外釜を回転駆動させる縫製作業時
においては、軌条と軌溝とが接触しながら摺動し、及
び、ボビンケースの外周面が内釜の内周面に接触し、こ
れらの接触部において摩耗を生じやすくなる。そして、
これらの接触部における摩耗が増大すると内釜がガタツ
キを生じて縫製精度が低下し、また、摩耗した部品の交
換頻度が高くなることによりランニングコストがアップ
する。さらに、これらの接触部における摩擦抵抗が大き
いため、外釜から内釜に対してこの内釜を連れ回りさせ
る向きに大きな力が作用し、回り止め凹部と釜止め部材
とが強く嵌合する。従って、上糸がこの嵌合部を糸抜け
する際や上糸が内釜と外釜との間を通過する際の抵抗が
大きくなり、糸切れを生じやすくなる。
[0003] At the time of a sewing operation in which the outer shuttle is driven to rotate, the rail and the groove slide while contacting each other, and the outer peripheral surface of the bobbin case contacts the inner peripheral surface of the inner shuttle. Wear is likely to occur at the contact portion. And
If the wear at these contact portions increases, the inner shuttle will rattle and the sewing accuracy will decrease, and the replacement cost of the worn parts will increase so that the running cost will increase. Further, since the frictional resistance at these contact portions is large, a large force acts on the inner shuttle from the outer shuttle to rotate the inner shuttle, and the detent recess and the shuttle stopper member are strongly fitted. Therefore, resistance when the upper thread passes through the fitting portion or when the upper thread passes between the inner hook and the outer hook becomes large, and the thread is easily broken.

【0004】このような摩耗や糸切れを改善したミシン
の回転釜装置としては、内釜や外釜及びボビンケースの
表面に窒化チタンのコーテング膜を形成したものが実公
昭61−38540号公報に開示されており、窒化チタ
ンのコーテング膜を形成することによって耐摩耗性が向
上すると共に摩擦係数が小さくなる。そして、耐摩耗性
が向上することにより、部品の寿命が長くなると共に摩
耗による内釜のガタツキが防止されて縫製精度が向上す
る。また、摩擦係数が小さくなることにより、外釜の回
転が滑らかに行なわれ、外釜から内釜に対してこの内釜
を連れ回りさせる向きに作用する力が小さくなり、内釜
の回り止め凹部と釜止め部材との嵌合が弱まり、回り止
め凹部と釜止め部材との嵌合部を上糸が糸抜けする際や
上糸が内釜と外釜との間を通過する際における糸切れの
発生が低減される。
[0004] As a rotary hook device of a sewing machine in which such abrasion and thread breakage are improved, an apparatus in which a coating film of titanium nitride is formed on the surface of an inner hook, an outer hook and a bobbin case is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-38540. It is disclosed that by forming a coating film of titanium nitride, the wear resistance is improved and the friction coefficient is reduced. By improving the abrasion resistance, the life of the component is prolonged, and rattling of the inner hook due to abrasion is prevented, and the sewing accuracy is improved. In addition, since the friction coefficient is reduced, the rotation of the outer hook is performed smoothly, and the force acting in the direction of rotating the inner hook with respect to the inner hook from the outer hook is reduced. When the upper thread is pulled out of the fitting section between the detent recess and the hook stopper, the thread breaks when the upper thread passes between the inner hook and the outer hook. Is reduced.

【0005】しかし、窒化チタンのコーテング膜を形成
することによる耐摩耗性の向上及び摩擦係数の低下は必
ずしも充分なものとはいえず、より一層の耐摩耗性向上
及び摩擦係数の低下が望まれている。
However, the improvement in wear resistance and the decrease in friction coefficient due to the formation of a titanium nitride coating film are not always sufficient, and further improvement in wear resistance and reduction in friction coefficient are desired. ing.

【0006】このような観点から、特開平8−1968
0号公報に見られるように、外釜、内釜、ボビンケース
等の表面にカーボン硬質膜を形成することが本出願人に
より提案されている。これにより、耐摩耗性が向上し、
摩擦係数が低下することから、耐久性及び動作性能を格
段に向上させているものである。
[0006] From such a viewpoint, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-1968 has been proposed.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 0, the applicant has proposed to form a hard carbon film on the surface of an outer pot, an inner pot, a bobbin case and the like. This improves wear resistance,
Since the friction coefficient is reduced, the durability and the operation performance are remarkably improved.

【0007】[0007]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、カーボ
ン硬質膜を形成した場合には、その膜の性質上、全体が
黒系統の色が付いてしまう。そのため、外釜においても
その全表面が黒系統の色となり、ミシンに最初にセット
して針合わせをする場合に、作業者にとって外釜の剣先
が見にくいという問題がある。
However, when a hard carbon film is formed, the entire film is colored black because of the nature of the film. For this reason, the entire surface of the outer hook also becomes a black color, and there is a problem that it is difficult for the operator to see the sword tip of the outer hook when setting the needle on the sewing machine for the first time.

【0008】このようなことから、本発明は、外釜にカ
ーボン硬質膜を形成しても剣先を見やすくし、しかも、
カーボン硬質膜を形成後に、剣先の硬度を低下させるお
それがなく、外釜の母材を露出させて光沢のある状態を
簡単に形成することができるようにすることを目的とす
る。
Accordingly, the present invention makes it easy to see the tip of a sword even if a hard carbon film is formed on an outer pot.
An object of the present invention is to make it possible to easily form a glossy state by exposing a base material of an outer pot without fear of lowering the hardness of a sword tip after forming a carbon hard film.

【0009】[0009]

【課題を解決するための手段】請求項1記載の発明は、
浸炭焼入れした鋼材を母材とした外釜の表面にカーボン
硬質膜を形成し、前記外釜の剣先先端部に前記カーボン
硬質膜のない母材露出部を形成した。
According to the first aspect of the present invention,
A hard carbon film was formed on the surface of an outer pot made of a carburized and quenched steel material as a base material, and a base material exposed portion without the carbon hard film was formed at the tip of the sword of the outer pot.

【0010】請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1記載のミ
シンの外釜において、母材露出部を部分焼入れにより形
成した。
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the outer hook of the sewing machine according to the first aspect, the base material exposed portion is formed by partial quenching.

【0011】[0011]

【発明の実施の形態】本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づ
いて説明する。まず、図1は内釜1を示したもので、内
釜1の外周部にはリング状の軌条2が形成され、内釜1
の内部には図4に示すボビンケース3を収納するための
収納室4が形成されると共に収納室4の中央部には前記
ボビンケース3が挿着されるスタッド5が立設されてい
る。また、前記内釜1の表面(外周面及び内周面)に
は、硬質クロムメッキ又は無電解メッキによるメッキ膜
が形成されている。なお、この内釜1は浸炭焼入れした
鋼材を母材として形成されている。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, FIG. 1 shows an inner pot 1, and a ring-shaped rail 2 is formed on an outer peripheral portion of the inner pot 1.
A storage chamber 4 for storing the bobbin case 3 shown in FIG. 4 is formed in the inside, and a stud 5 into which the bobbin case 3 is inserted is provided upright in the center of the storage chamber 4. Further, on the surface (outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface) of the inner pot 1, a plating film is formed by hard chrome plating or electroless plating. The inner pot 1 is formed using a carburized and quenched steel as a base material.

【0012】図2及び図3は外釜6を示したもので、こ
の外釜6の内部には前記内釜1を収納するための収納室
7が形成され、外釜6の内周面には前記軌条2が摺動自
在に嵌合される軌溝8が形成されている。ここで、前記
内釜1を収納した前記外釜6を回転駆動させる際には内
釜1を回り止めする必要があり、この回り止めを行なう
ための回り止め凹部9が内釜1の上縁部に形成され、こ
の回り止め凹部9に嵌合する釜止め部材(図示せず)が
ミシン本体に設けられている。なお、前記外釜6は浸炭
焼入れした鋼材を母材として形成され、その表面には硬
質クロムメッキ又は無電解メッキによるメッキ膜が形成
されている。このメッキ膜の上にカーボン硬質膜10が
形成されている。また、カーボン硬質膜10の形成は、
プラズマCVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition )技術を利
用して行なう。しかしながら、このプラズマCVD技術
を応用したカーボン硬質膜10のコーテング時に、外釜
6の温度が上がってしまい、熱処理されて硬度が高くな
っていた外釜6の表面の全体的な硬度が低下してしま
う。
FIGS. 2 and 3 show the outer shuttle 6. A storage chamber 7 for storing the inner shuttle 1 is formed inside the outer shuttle 6. A rail groove 8 into which the rail 2 is slidably fitted is formed. Here, when the outer hook 6 containing the inner hook 1 is rotationally driven, it is necessary to stop the inner hook 1 from rotating. A hook stop member (not shown) is formed on the sewing machine main body and is fitted to the rotation preventing recess 9. The outer pot 6 is formed using a carburized and quenched steel as a base material, and a plating film formed by hard chrome plating or electroless plating is formed on the surface thereof. A carbon hard film 10 is formed on the plating film. The formation of the carbon hard film 10 is as follows.
This is performed using a plasma CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) technique. However, at the time of coating the carbon hard film 10 to which the plasma CVD technique is applied, the temperature of the outer pot 6 rises, and the overall hardness of the surface of the outer pot 6 which has been heat-treated to have a higher hardness decreases. I will.

【0013】しかして、このようにカーボン硬質膜10
が形成された外釜6の表面は、黒色系の色をしている。
そして、前記外釜6の剣先11の先端部分に部分的な高
周波焼入れをする。この高周波焼入れにより、硬度低下
していた剣先11の先端部分が焼き入れされて高い硬度
となる。同時に、カーボン硬質膜10は、熱に弱く、一
定の温度で燃焼するため、部分焼入れで高温化した部分
のカーボン硬質膜10が燃焼して外釜6の表面から消滅
し、母材露出部12が形成される。この母材露出部12
は、光沢のある金属色である。そのため、黒色系のカー
ボン硬質膜10の表面色とは異なり、外部からの視認性
が高い。従って、外釜6の剣先11を部分焼入れすると
いうことは、その剣先11の硬度を高めることと、その
剣先11部分から黒色のカーボン硬質膜10を除去して
母材露出部12を形成することとの二つの目的を同時に
達成する。
[0013] Thus, the carbon hard film 10
The surface of the outer pot 6 on which is formed has a black color.
Then, the tip of the blade point 11 of the outer hook 6 is partially induction hardened. By this induction quenching, the tip portion of the sword 11 whose hardness has been reduced is quenched to have a high hardness. At the same time, the carbon hard film 10 is vulnerable to heat and burns at a constant temperature. Is formed. This base material exposed portion 12
Is a shiny metallic color. Therefore, unlike the surface color of the black carbon hard film 10, visibility from the outside is high. Therefore, hardening the sword tip 11 of the outer hook 6 means increasing the hardness of the sword tip 11 and removing the black carbon hard film 10 from the sword tip 11 to form the base material exposed portion 12. To achieve the two goals simultaneously.

【0014】図4は前記内釜1の収納室4内に収納され
るボビンケース3を示したもので、このボビンケース3
には、内釜1との着脱を可能にするつまみ13が設けら
れており、さらに、このボビンケース3内に収納される
ボビン(図示せず)から引き出された糸をガイドする調
子バネ14が設けられている。なお、前記ボビンケース
3は浸炭焼入れした鋼材を母材として形成されている。
FIG. 4 shows the bobbin case 3 stored in the storage chamber 4 of the inner pot 1.
Is provided with a knob 13 which can be attached to and detached from the inner pot 1. Further, a tension spring 14 for guiding a thread drawn from a bobbin (not shown) housed in the bobbin case 3 is provided. Is provided. The bobbin case 3 is formed using a carburized and hardened steel material as a base material.

【0015】このような構成において、図5は表面処理
を施さないステンレス及びカーボン硬質膜、窒化チタ
ン、ニッケルクロムメッキ等の表面処理を施したステン
レスをシリコンカーボンの研磨紙で研磨した耐摩耗性試
験の結果を示したグラフであり、カーボン硬質膜10を
形成した場合には窒化チタンのコーテング膜を形成した
場合に比べて摩耗量が略半減することがわかる。従っ
て、外釜6の表面にカーボン硬質膜10を形成すること
により、外釜6の耐摩耗性が従来例において説明した窒
化チタンのコーテング膜を形成した場合よりも向上す
る。そして、外釜6の表面の耐摩耗性が向上することに
より、内釜1の軌条2に接触しながら摺動する軌溝8の
摩耗が著しく低減され、外釜6の寿命が長くなる。さら
に、外釜6の軌溝8が大きく摩耗して内釜1が外釜6内
でガタツキを生ずるということが防止され、ガタツキの
発生による縫製精度の低下が防止される。
FIG. 5 shows an abrasion resistance test obtained by polishing a surface-untreated stainless steel and a carbon hard film, a surface-treated stainless steel such as titanium nitride and nickel chrome plating with a silicon carbon abrasive paper. This is a graph showing the results of the above, and it can be seen that when the carbon hard film 10 is formed, the abrasion amount is reduced by almost half as compared with the case where the titanium nitride coating film is formed. Therefore, by forming the carbon hard film 10 on the surface of the outer pot 6, the wear resistance of the outer pot 6 is improved as compared with the case of forming the titanium nitride coating film described in the conventional example. And, by improving the wear resistance of the surface of the outer hook 6, the wear of the rail groove 8 that slides while contacting the rail 2 of the inner hook 1 is significantly reduced, and the life of the outer hook 6 is prolonged. Further, it is prevented that the rail groove 8 of the outer hook 6 is greatly worn and the inner hook 1 is rattled in the outer hook 6, thereby preventing the sewing accuracy from being reduced due to the rattle.

【0016】また、カーボン硬質膜10を形成した場合
には窒化クロムのコーテング膜を形成した場合に比べて
摩擦係数が低下する。従って、外釜6と内釜1との接触
部における摩擦抵抗が低減され、内釜1に対して外釜6
が滑らかに回転し、さらに、外釜6から内釜1に対して
作用する内釜1を連れ回りさせようとする力が小さくな
り、回り止め凹部9と釜止め部材との嵌合状態が弱くな
る。このため、上糸が回り止め凹部9と釜止め部材との
嵌合部を糸抜けする際や上糸が内釜1と外釜6との間を
通過する際の抵抗が小さくなり、これらの糸抜けや通過
の際における糸切れの発生が低減される。しかも、上糸
と下糸との糸締まりが良好に行なわれて良好な縫目が形
成される。
Also, when the carbon hard film 10 is formed, the friction coefficient is lower than when the chromium nitride coating film is formed. Therefore, the frictional resistance at the contact portion between the outer shuttle 6 and the inner shuttle 1 is reduced, and
Rotates smoothly, and furthermore, the force acting on the inner shuttle 1 from the outer shuttle 6 to rotate the inner shuttle 1 is reduced, and the engagement between the rotation stopper recess 9 and the shuttle stopper is weakened. Become. For this reason, resistance when the upper thread pulls out of the fitting portion between the detent recess 9 and the hook stopper or when the upper thread passes between the inner hook 1 and the outer hook 6 is reduced. Occurrence of yarn breakage during yarn pull-out or passage is reduced. In addition, the upper thread and the lower thread are properly tightened to form a good seam.

【0017】また、外釜6の表面にカーボン硬質膜10
が形成されると共に内釜1の表面に硬質クロムメッキ又
は無電解メッキによるメッキ膜が形成され、互いに接触
する面の材質が異なるため、焼付の発生が有効に防止さ
れる。
A carbon hard film 10 is formed on the surface of the outer pot 6.
Is formed, and a plating film is formed on the surface of the inner pot 1 by hard chrome plating or electroless plating. Since the materials of the surfaces that come into contact with each other are different, the occurrence of seizure is effectively prevented.

【0018】しかして、外釜6の剣先11の先端部に
は、金属色をした光沢のある母材露出部12が形成され
ているため、ミシンに最初にセットして針合わせをする
際、作業者は剣先11が見易く、作業性が良好である。
Since the metal base glossy base material exposed portion 12 is formed at the tip of the sword tip 11 of the outer hook 6, when setting the needle for the first time on the sewing machine, The operator can easily see the sword tip 11 and has good workability.

【0019】[0019]

【発明の効果】請求項1記載の発明は、浸炭焼入れした
鋼材を母材とした外釜の表面にカーボン硬質膜を形成
し、前記外釜の剣先先端部に前記カーボン硬質膜のない
母材露出部を形成したので、ミシンに最初にセットして
針合わせをする際、作業者は金属色をした剣先11を見
て作業することができ、これにより、作業性が良好であ
るという効果を有する。
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a hard carbon film is formed on the surface of an outer pot made of a carburized and quenched steel material, and the carbon hard film is not provided at the tip end of the sword of the outer pot. Since the exposed portion is formed, when setting the needle for the first time on the sewing machine and adjusting the needle, the operator can work by looking at the metal-colored sword point 11, which has an effect that the workability is good. Have.

【0020】請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1記載のミ
シンの外釜において、母材露出部を部分焼入れにより形
成したので、硬度の高いカーボン硬質膜を容易に除去す
ることができ、また、カーボン硬質膜をコーテングする
ときに硬度が低下した剣先部分の硬度を焼入れにより再
び高い硬度にすることができるという効果を有する。
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the outer hook of the sewing machine according to the first aspect, the exposed portion of the base material is formed by partial quenching, so that the carbon hard film having high hardness can be easily removed. In addition, there is an effect that the hardness of the point of the sword whose hardness has decreased when the carbon hard film is coated can be increased again by quenching.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の実施の形態における内釜の平面図であ
る。
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an inner hook in an embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】その外釜の平面図である。FIG. 2 is a plan view of the outer hook.

【図3】その外釜の側面図である。FIG. 3 is a side view of the outer hook.

【図4】ボビンケースの斜視図である。FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a bobbin case.

【図5】表面処理を施さないステンレス及びカーボン硬
質膜、窒化チタン、ニッケルクロムメッキ等の表面処理
を施したステンレスの耐摩耗性試験の結果を示したグラ
フである。
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of an abrasion resistance test of stainless steel not subjected to surface treatment and stainless steel subjected to surface treatment such as a carbon hard film, titanium nitride, and nickel chrome plating.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

6 外釜 10 カーボン硬質膜 11 剣先 12 母材露出部 6 Outer pot 10 Carbon hard film 11 Sword point 12 Base metal exposed part

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 浸炭焼入れした鋼材を母材とした外釜の
表面にカーボン硬質膜を形成し、前記外釜の剣先先端部
に前記カーボン硬質膜のない母材露出部を形成したこと
を特徴とするミシンの外釜。
1. A hard carbon film is formed on the surface of an outer pot made of a carburized and quenched steel material as a base material, and a base material exposed portion without the carbon hard film is formed at a tip end of a sword of the outer pot. The outer hook of the sewing machine.
【請求項2】 母材露出部を部分焼入れにより形成した
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載のミシンの外釜。
2. The outer hook of the sewing machine according to claim 1, wherein the exposed base material is formed by partial quenching.
JP3321099A 1999-02-10 1999-02-10 Outer pot of sewing machine Expired - Fee Related JP2981231B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3321099A JP2981231B1 (en) 1999-02-10 1999-02-10 Outer pot of sewing machine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3321099A JP2981231B1 (en) 1999-02-10 1999-02-10 Outer pot of sewing machine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2981231B1 JP2981231B1 (en) 1999-11-22
JP2000229188A true JP2000229188A (en) 2000-08-22

Family

ID=12380101

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3321099A Expired - Fee Related JP2981231B1 (en) 1999-02-10 1999-02-10 Outer pot of sewing machine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2981231B1 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2981231B1 (en) 1999-11-22

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