JP2000119794A - Austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron excellent in resistance to wetting with water - Google Patents
Austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron excellent in resistance to wetting with waterInfo
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- JP2000119794A JP2000119794A JP29170098A JP29170098A JP2000119794A JP 2000119794 A JP2000119794 A JP 2000119794A JP 29170098 A JP29170098 A JP 29170098A JP 29170098 A JP29170098 A JP 29170098A JP 2000119794 A JP2000119794 A JP 2000119794A
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- Japan
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- mass
- cast iron
- spheroidal graphite
- graphite cast
- austempered spheroidal
- Prior art date
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- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は水等の環境物質によ
るオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の引張強さと伸びの低下を
改善する材料技術に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a material technology for improving a decrease in tensile strength and elongation of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron due to environmental substances such as water.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】基地組織がオースフェライト組織（オー
スフェライト組織はアシキュラーフェライトと残留オー
ステナイトとの混合組織である。）を有するオーステン
パ球状黒鉛鋳鉄（通常、「ＡＤＩ」と略記される場合が
ある。）は、フェライト基地組織やパーライト基地組織
を有する従来の球状黒鉛鋳鉄とは異なり、非常に高強度
であり、強度の割に伸びや、衝撃値が高く、疲労強度や
耐摩耗性に優れた材料であるため、鋳鋼、鍛鋼が使用さ
れてきた分野への適用が進みつつある材料である。しか
しながら、オーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の最近の研究で、
水に濡れた状態で、引張試験を行うと引張強さ、伸びが
低下するという現象が報告されている。例えば、刊行物
「鋳造工学」第７０巻（１９９８）第３号の第１９４頁
右欄には、「大気中で１０００ＭＰａの引張強さ、９％
の伸びを示すＡＤＩであっても、水の付着により引張強
さが約７００ＭＰａ、伸びが２％以下に低下することが
明らかである。」と報告されている。これまでに、この
脆化の抑止方法としては、塗装や、表層にフェライト層
を設ける等がある。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron (usually abbreviated as "ADI") having an aus ferrite structure (aus ferrite structure is a mixed structure of acicular ferrite and residual austenite). ) Differs from conventional spheroidal graphite cast iron which has a ferrite matrix structure or a pearlite matrix structure, and has very high strength, elongation and impact value for strength, and excellent fatigue strength and wear resistance. Therefore, it is a material that is being applied to the fields where cast steel and forged steel have been used. However, recent research on austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron
It has been reported that when a tensile test is performed in a state of being wet with water, the tensile strength and elongation decrease. For example, the right column on page 194 of the publication "Casting Engineering", Vol. 70 (1998) No. 3, "Tensile strength of 1000 MPa in air, 9%
It is clear that even ADI exhibiting an elongation of about 700 MPa and an elongation of 2% or less due to the adhesion of water. "Has been reported. Heretofore, as a method of suppressing this embrittlement, there are painting, providing a ferrite layer on the surface layer, and the like.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】一般に、従来のオース
テンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄では、水等が付着した状態で、引張
試験を行うと引張強さが低下し、伸びが３％程度に低下
する。水等による脆化を、塗装で防止しようとしても、
引張過程で塗装膜がはがれると同じように脆化がおこ
る。また、表面にフェライト層を設ける方法は、加工後
にフェライト層を生成するための熱処理を行わなくては
ならない点や、オーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の利点である
耐摩耗性が犠牲になる可能性がある。Generally, in a conventional austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron, when a tensile test is performed with water or the like adhered, the tensile strength is reduced and the elongation is reduced to about 3%. Even if you try to prevent embrittlement by water etc. with painting,
Embrittlement occurs in the same way as the coating film peels off during the tensile process. In addition, the method of providing a ferrite layer on the surface may have to perform heat treatment for forming a ferrite layer after processing, and may sacrifice abrasion resistance, which is an advantage of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron.
【０００４】本発明は、前記の従来技術における課題に
鑑みてなされたものであって、オーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳
鉄の本来持つ特性を犠牲にせずに、また、塗装やフェラ
イト層を生成するための熱処理などの後処理を行わず
に、水等による脆化を改善した耐水濡れ性に優れるオー
ステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄を提供することを目的とする。な
お、本発明における耐水濡れ性とは、加工したオーステ
ンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の表面が水に濡れた状態で引張試験を
行ったときに、引張強さおよび伸びが乾燥状態での引張
強さおよび伸びに比べて低下しない、あるいは向上する
特性を意味する。また、本発明における平均黒鉛粒数と
は、顕微鏡倍率５０倍として試料を拡大観察し、平均粒
径５μｍ以下の粒子を除いて計測した黒鉛粒数を意味す
る。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and does not sacrifice the inherent properties of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron, and also does not require heat treatment for painting or forming a ferrite layer. An object of the present invention is to provide an austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron which has improved water embrittlement due to water and the like without performing post-treatment. Incidentally, the water wettability in the present invention, when a tensile test is performed in a state where the surface of the processed austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron is wet with water, the tensile strength and elongation are the tensile strength and elongation in a dry state. This means that the characteristics do not decrease or improve as compared with the above. In the present invention, the average number of graphite particles means the number of graphite particles measured by observing a sample under a microscope magnification of 50 and excluding particles having an average particle size of 5 μm or less.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、オーステ
ンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の基地組織に存在する、残留オーステ
ナイトのうち、主に共晶セル境界に多く存在する不安定
オーステナイトに着目した。さらに本発明者らは、オー
ステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄が持つ特性に注目して種々研究
し、以下の知見を得、かかる知見に基づき本発明に想到
した。即ち、水による脆化を改善するためには、共晶セ
ル境界に存在する不安定オーステナイトを低減させるこ
とが良いことを見出した。そのためには、共晶セル境界
に偏析するＭｏ、Ｍｎ等の元素を極力低減させる必要が
ある。さらに、この共晶セル境界の偏析を減ずるととも
に、黒鉛粒数を増加させてこの偏析を分散させること
で、水濡れ状態における脆化を改善したオーステンパ球
状黒鉛鋳鉄が得られることを見出した。Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have focused on unstable austenite, which is mainly present at the eutectic cell boundary, among the retained austenite existing in the base structure of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron. Furthermore, the present inventors have conducted various studies paying attention to the characteristics of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron, obtained the following findings, and conceived the present invention based on such findings. That is, it has been found that in order to improve embrittlement due to water, it is preferable to reduce unstable austenite existing at the eutectic cell boundary. For that purpose, it is necessary to reduce elements such as Mo and Mn that segregate at the eutectic cell boundary as much as possible. Furthermore, it has been found that by reducing the segregation at the eutectic cell boundary and increasing the number of graphite grains to disperse the segregation, an austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron with improved embrittlement in a wet state can be obtained.
【０００６】すなわち、本発明の耐水濡れ性に優れるオ
ーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄は、引張試験片の加工した平行
部を水に濡らした状態で、歪み速度１．２×１０-3／秒
での引張試験を行い、伸びが５％以上であることを特徴
とする。また、本発明の耐水濡れ性に優れるオーステン
パ球状黒鉛鋳鉄は、引張試験片の加工した平行部を水に
濡らした状態で、歪み速度１．２×１０-3／秒での引張
試験を行い、引張強さが９００ＭＰａ以上、伸びが５％
以上であることを特徴とする。That is, the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron of the present invention having excellent resistance to water wetting can be subjected to a tensile test at a strain rate of 1.2 × 10 −3 / sec while the processed parallel portion of the tensile test piece is wetted with water. And the elongation is 5% or more. Further, the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having excellent water wettability of the present invention was subjected to a tensile test at a strain rate of 1.2 × 10 −3 / sec while the processed parallel portion of the tensile test piece was wetted with water, Tensile strength over 900MPa, elongation 5%
It is characterized by the above.
【０００７】また、本発明の耐水濡れ性に優れるオース
テンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄は、Ｍｏ含有量が０．３質量％未満
であることを特徴とする。また、本発明の耐水濡れ性に
優れるオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄は、Ｍｏ含有量が０．
３質量％未満であって、平均黒鉛粒数が４００個／ｍｍ
2以上であることを特徴とする。また、本発明の耐水濡
れ性に優れるオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄は、前記Ｍｏ含
有量が０．３質量％未満に加え、Ｃ：３．５〜３．９質
量％、Ｓｉ：１．５〜２．５質量％、Ｍｎ：０．１５〜
０．５質量％、Ｃｕ：０．３〜１．５質量％以下、Ｍ
ｇ：０．０１〜０．０６質量％、残部Ｆｅおよび不可避
的不純物を含む組成からなることを特徴とする。Further, the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron of the present invention, which has excellent resistance to water wetting, is characterized in that the Mo content is less than 0.3% by mass. Further, the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron of the present invention, which has excellent water wettability, has a Mo content of 0.1.
Less than 3% by mass and the average number of graphite particles is 400 / mm
It is characterized by being 2 or more. The austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron of the present invention having excellent water wettability has the Mo content of less than 0.3% by mass, C: 3.5 to 3.9% by mass, and Si: 1.5 to 2. 5% by mass, Mn: 0.15 to
0.5% by mass, Cu: 0.3 to 1.5% by mass or less, M
g: characterized by comprising a composition containing 0.01 to 0.06% by mass, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
【０００８】以下、本発明の耐水濡れ性に優れるオース
テンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄を構成する各合金元素の限定理由に
ついて説明する。 （１）Ｍｏ：０．３質量％未満、好ましくは０．０１質
量％以下 Ｍｏは、焼入れ性を向上させる元素であるが、共晶セル
境界に偏析し、不安定オーステナイト量を増加させる原
因となるので、０．３質量％未満とする。好ましくは
０．０１質量％以下とする。不安定オーステナイト量が
増加すると、オーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の引張強さおよ
び伸びが低下する。さらに水に濡れたときに、たとえ黒
鉛粒数を増加させたとしても耐水濡れ性の改善の効果は
小さい。Hereinafter, the reasons for limiting the alloying elements constituting the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having excellent water wettability of the present invention will be described. (1) Mo: less than 0.3% by mass, preferably 0.01% by mass or less Mo is an element for improving hardenability, but segregates at the eutectic cell boundary and increases the amount of unstable austenite. Therefore, it is less than 0.3% by mass. Preferably, it is 0.01% by mass or less. As the amount of unstable austenite increases, the tensile strength and elongation of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron decrease. Furthermore, when wetted with water, even if the number of graphite particles is increased, the effect of improving water wettability is small.
【０００９】（２）Ｃ：３．５〜３．９質量％ Ｃが３．５質量％未満では鋳造品の欠陥、特に引け巣が
増大するばかりでなく、セメンタイトが残留して好まし
くない。また３．９質量％を超えるとキッシュグラファ
イトが析出して強度が著しく低下する。 （３）Ｓｉ：１．５〜２．５質量％ Ｓｉは１．５質量％未満ではセメンタイトが析出し、
２．５質量％を超えるとキッシュグラファイト助長の原
因となったり、靱性が低下する。(2) C: 3.5 to 3.9% by mass When C is less than 3.5% by mass, not only defects in the cast product, especially shrinkage cavities increase, but also cementite remains unpreferably. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3.9% by mass, quiche graphite precipitates and the strength is remarkably reduced. (3) Si: 1.5 to 2.5% by mass When Si is less than 1.5% by mass, cementite precipitates,
If it exceeds 2.5% by mass, Kish graphite may be promoted or toughness may be reduced.
【００１０】（４）Ｍｎ：０．１５〜０．５質量％ Ｍｎは０．１５質量％未満ではＮｉの添加量を増大しな
いと安定してオースフェライト組織にすることが困難で
あるが、このＮｉは高価であるため経済的に不利益を招
く。Ｍｎが０．５質量％を超えると炭化物の成長傾向が
増大し、また組織中の偏析が増大するため伸び、衝撃値
が低下する。 （５）Ｃｕ：０．３〜１．５質量％ Ｃｕは０．３質量％未満では焼入性が悪く、１．５％を
超えてもその効果は変わらないので経済的にも１．５％
を上限とすることが好ましい。 （６）Ｍｇ：０．０１〜０．０６質量％ Ｍｇは０．０１質量％未満では黒鉛の球状化が達成され
難く、０．０６質量％を超えるとセメンタイトが析出し
易くなる。(4) Mn: 0.15 to 0.5% by mass If Mn is less than 0.15% by mass, it is difficult to stably form an aus ferrite structure unless the amount of Ni added is increased. Ni is economically disadvantageous because it is expensive. If Mn exceeds 0.5% by mass, the tendency of carbide growth will increase, and segregation in the structure will increase, resulting in elongation and lower impact value. (5) Cu: 0.3 to 1.5% by mass If Cu is less than 0.3% by mass, hardenability is poor. %
Is preferably the upper limit. (6) Mg: 0.01 to 0.06% by mass If the content of Mg is less than 0.01% by mass, spheroidization of graphite is difficult to achieve, and if the content exceeds 0.06% by mass, cementite is easily precipitated.
【００１１】（７）不可避的不純物：上記（１）〜
（６）に記載の元素及びＦｅ以外の原材料から含まれる
微量元素を不可避的不純物という。不可避的不純物う
ち、Ｐは０．０５質量％を超えるとステダイトの晶出量
が多くなり衝撃値が低下するので、０．０５質量％以下
が好ましい。また、Ｓは０．０５質量％を超えると黒鉛
の球状化が阻害されるので、０．０５質量％以下が好ま
しい。また、Ｎｉは必要に応じて添加することができる
が、高価であるので経済的に不利になる。しかし、肉厚
が厚い（例えばφ５０mmを超える）か、又はそれ以下で
も形状が複雑な鋳物の場合には安定してオースフェライ
ト組織にするために、０．７質量％以上添加するのが好
ましい。また、Ｃｒは０．１０質量％を超えるとセメン
タイトが析出し易くなるので、０．１０質量％以下が好
ましい。(7) Inevitable impurities: above (1) to
The element described in (6) and trace elements contained from raw materials other than Fe are referred to as unavoidable impurities. Of the unavoidable impurities, if P exceeds 0.05% by mass, the crystallization amount of the stadite increases and the impact value decreases, so that 0.05% by mass or less is preferable. Further, if S exceeds 0.05% by mass, spheroidization of graphite is inhibited. Therefore, 0.05% by mass or less is preferable. Although Ni can be added as needed, it is economically disadvantageous because it is expensive. However, in the case of a casting having a large wall thickness (for example, exceeding φ50 mm) or a complicated shape even if the wall thickness is smaller than that, it is preferable to add 0.7% by mass or more in order to stably form an aus ferrite structure. If the content of Cr exceeds 0.10% by mass, cementite is likely to be precipitated, so that the content is preferably 0.10% by mass or less.
【００１２】（８）平均黒鉛粒数（個／ｍｍ2）： Ｍ
ｏ等の共晶セル境界に偏析する元素を０．３質量％未満
（好ましくは０．０１質量％以下）とし、平均黒鉛粒数
を４００個／ｍｍ2以上とすることにより、耐水濡れ性
に優れるオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄を得ることが出来
る。よって、平均黒鉛粒数は４００個／ｍｍ2以上とす
る。以上の理由により各種元素の成分範囲および平均黒
鉛粒数を限定したものである。(8) Average number of graphite particles (particles / mm 2 ): M
The element segregating at the eutectic cell boundary such as o is less than 0.3% by mass (preferably 0.01% by mass or less), and the average number of graphite particles is 400 / mm 2 or more. An excellent austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron can be obtained. Therefore, the average number of graphite particles is set to 400 / mm 2 or more. For the above reasons, the ranges of components of various elements and the average number of graphite particles are limited.
【００１３】次に本発明の耐水濡れ性に優れるオーステ
ンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄に適用する熱処理は、８５０〜９００
℃で０．５〜３時間のオーステナイト化処理後、ソルト
バス中に急冷し、続いて３５０〜４００℃で０．５〜３
時間の恒温変態処理を行う熱処理を施す。まずオーステ
ナイト化する際、８５０℃より低い温度、あるいは９５
０℃よりも高い温度ではいずれも伸びが低下するので８
５０〜９５０℃とする。オーステナイト化の保持時間
は、０．５時間未満では完全にオーステナイト化するこ
とが困難であり、３時間を超えるとオーステナイト結晶
が粗大化して引張強さが低下し経済的にも不利である。
恒温変態処理で、３５０℃より低い温度、あるいは４０
０℃よりも高い温度では伸び、衝撃値がやはり低下す
る。さらに保持時間が０．５時間未満では、完全に変態
が終わらず、３時間を超えると変態が終わった後も保持
することになり、何等の効果も期待できず経済的に不利
益をもたらすものである。Next, the heat treatment applied to the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having excellent water wettability of the present invention is 850-900.
After austenitizing at 0.5 to 3 hours, the mixture was quenched in a salt bath, and then cooled at 350 to 400 ° C for 0.5 to 3 hours.
A heat treatment for performing a constant temperature transformation process for a long time is performed. First, when austenitizing, a temperature lower than 850 ° C or 95%
If the temperature is higher than 0 ° C, the elongation decreases in any case.
50 to 950 ° C. If the holding time for austenitization is less than 0.5 hour, it is difficult to completely austenite, and if it exceeds 3 hours, austenite crystals become coarse and the tensile strength decreases, which is economically disadvantageous.
Temperature lower than 350 ° C or 40
At temperatures higher than 0 ° C., elongation occurs and the impact value also decreases. Further, if the holding time is less than 0.5 hour, the transformation is not completely completed, and if the holding time is more than 3 hours, the material is retained even after the transformation is completed, and no effect can be expected, resulting in economic disadvantage. It is.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を比較
例と共に詳細に説明する。 （実施の形態１）表１（実施例１〜２）に示す組成（た
だし、不可避的不純物は省略した。）の黒鉛粒数を変化
させた引張試験片を作成し、黒鉛粒数や共晶セル境界に
偏析しやすいＭｏの影響を調査した。表２は、表１（実
施例１〜２）に示す組成、黒鉛粒数のオーステンパ球状
黒鉛鋳鉄の機械的性質を示す。また、 表３（比較例１
〜５）に示す組成（ただし、不可避的不純物は省略し
た。）の黒鉛粒数を変化させた引張試験片を作成し、黒
鉛粒数や共晶セル境界に偏析しやすいＭｏの影響を調査
した。表４は、表３（比較例１〜５）に示す組成、黒鉛
粒数のオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の機械的性質を示す。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail along with comparative examples. (Embodiment 1) Tensile test specimens were prepared by changing the number of graphite particles having the composition shown in Table 1 (Examples 1 and 2 (however, unavoidable impurities were omitted)), and the number of graphite particles and eutectic were measured. The influence of Mo, which easily segregates at the cell boundary, was investigated. Table 2 shows the mechanical properties of the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having the composition and the number of graphite particles shown in Table 1 (Examples 1 and 2). Table 3 (Comparative Example 1)
To 5), a tensile test piece was prepared in which the number of graphite particles was changed with the composition shown (however, unavoidable impurities were omitted), and the effects of Mo, which tended to segregate on the number of graphite particles and the eutectic cell boundary, were investigated. . Table 4 shows the mechanical properties of the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having the composition and the number of graphite particles shown in Table 3 (Comparative Examples 1 to 5).
【００１５】[0015]
【表１】実施例１（質量％） Ｃ：３．６０、Ｓｉ：
２．２５、Ｍｎ：０．３６、Ｐ：０．０１８、Ｓ：０．
００５、Ｃｕ：０．５４、Ｎｉ：０．０３、Ｃｒ：０．
０３、Ｍｏ：０．００５、Ｍｇ：０．０５２、Ｆｅ：残
部、平均黒鉛粒数７４８個数／ｍｍ2 実施例２（質量％） （実施例１と同じ組成）、平均黒
鉛粒数４２０個数／ｍｍ2 Table 1 Example 1 (% by mass) C: 3.60, Si:
2.25, Mn: 0.36, P: 0.018, S: 0.
005, Cu: 0.54, Ni: 0.03, Cr: 0.
03, Mo: 0.005, Mg: 0.052, Fe: balance, average number of graphite particles 748 / mm 2 Example 2 (% by mass) (same composition as in Example 1), average number of graphite particles 420 / mm 2
【００１６】[0016]
【表２】 実施例 機械的性質 引張強さ 引張強さ 伸び 伸び （乾燥状態） （水濡れ状態）（乾燥状態）（水濡れ状態） ＭＰａ ＭＰａ ％ ％ 実施例１ １００２ １０３０ ９．０ ６．６ 〜１０５５ 〜１０４０ 〜９．２ 〜７．３ 実施例２ ９６８ ９４９ ８．０ ５．０ 〜１００２ 〜９７９ 〜８．２ 〜５．６Table 2 Example Mechanical properties Tensile strength Tensile strength Elongation Elongation (Dry state) (Wet state) (Dry state) (Wet state) MPa MPa%% Example 1 1002 1030 9.0 6.6 Example 2 968 949 8.0 5.0 5.0 to 1002 979 to 8.2 to 5.6
【００１７】[0017]
【表３】比較例１（質量％） （実施例１と同じ組
成）、平均黒鉛粒数３１９個数／ｍｍ2 比較例２（質量％） （実施例１と同じ組成）、平均黒
鉛粒数１９４個数／ｍｍ2 比較例３（質量％） Ｃ：３．６６、Ｓｉ：２．２０、
Ｍｎ：０．３５、Ｐ：０．０１４、Ｓ：０．００７、Ｃ
ｕ：０．５４、Ｎｉ：０．０２、Ｃｒ：０．０３、Ｍ
ｏ：０．３２、Ｍｇ：０．０３９、Ｆｅ：残部、平均黒
鉛粒数７０５個数／ｍｍ2 比較例４（質量％） （比較例３と同じ組成）、平均黒
鉛粒数３７１個数／ｍｍ2 比較例５（質量％） （比較例３と同じ組成）、平均黒
鉛粒数２５０個数／ｍｍ2 Table 3 Comparative Example 1 (% by mass) (same composition as in Example 1), average number of graphite particles 319 / mm 2 Comparative Example 2 (% by mass) (same composition as in Example 1), average number of graphite particles 194 Number / mm 2 Comparative Example 3 (% by mass) C: 3.66, Si: 2.20,
Mn: 0.35, P: 0.014, S: 0.007, C
u: 0.54, Ni: 0.02, Cr: 0.03, M
o: 0.32, Mg: 0.039, Fe: balance, average number of graphite particles 705 number / mm 2 Comparative Example 4 (mass%) (same composition as Comparative Example 3), average number of graphite particles 371 number / mm 2 Comparative Example 5 (% by mass) (same composition as Comparative Example 3), average number of graphite particles 250 / mm 2
【００１８】[0018]
【表４】 比較例 機械的性質 引張強さ 引張強さ 伸び 伸び （乾燥状態） （水濡れ状態）（乾燥状態） （水濡れ状態） ＭＰａ ＭＰａ ％ ％ 比較例１ ９７０ ９２４ ８．３ ３．１ 〜１０５１ 〜９６７ 〜１１．４ 〜４．１ 比較例２ １０５１ ９２６ ８．０ ３．０ 〜１０３６ 〜９４９ 〜８．２ 〜３．２ 比較例３ ９３４ ８５５ ４．２ ２．１ 〜９５１ 〜８９４ 〜５．７ 〜３．８ 比較例４ ９３６ ８６５ ５．２ ２．７ 〜９８１ 〜９０７ 〜７．６ 〜３．２ 比較例５ ９４２ ８２３ ８．７ ２．１ 〜９８９ 〜８４１ 〜９．２ 〜２．７Table 4 Comparative Example Mechanical Properties Tensile Strength Tensile Strength Elongation Elongation (Dry state) (Wet state) (Dry state) (Wet state) MPa MPa%% Comparative example 1 970 924 8.3 3.1 -1051 -967 -11.4 -4.1 Comparative Example 2 1051 926 8.0 3.0 -1036 -949 -8.2 -3.2 Comparative Example 3 934 855 4.2 2.1 -951-894 5.7 to 3.8 Comparative Example 4 936 865 5.2 2.7 to 981 to 907 to 7.6 to 3.2 Comparative Example 5 942 823 8.7 2.1 to 989 to 841 to 9.2 ~ 2.7
【００１９】なお実施例１〜２および比較例１〜５は表
１および表３に示す組成の球状黒鉛鋳鉄溶湯をＣＯ2プ
ロセス製鋳型で、２５ｍｍ幅×２５０ｍｍ長さおよび２
６ｍｍ幅×２５０ｍｍ長のＹブロック、１０ｍｍφ×２
００ｍｍ長さおよび２０ｍｍφ×２００ｍｍ長さの各種
寸法の鋳型に注入して、冷却速度を変えることにより黒
鉛粒数の異なる試料を作成した。平均黒鉛粒数は、画像
解析装置により直径５μｍ以下の黒鉛粒をカウントして
算出したものである。凝固終了後、これらの試料を熱処
理炉に装入し、８７５℃で２時間のオーステナイト化を
行ない、ソルトバス中で急冷した。続いて３８５℃で２
時間の恒温変態処理を行った。In Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, spheroidal graphite cast iron melts having the compositions shown in Tables 1 and 3 were cast in a CO 2 process mold.
6mm width x 250mm length Y block, 10mmφ x 2
Samples with different numbers of graphite particles were prepared by injecting into molds of various dimensions of 00 mm length and 20 mmφ × 200 mm length and changing the cooling rate. The average number of graphite particles is calculated by counting graphite particles having a diameter of 5 μm or less by an image analyzer. After the solidification, these samples were charged into a heat treatment furnace, austenitized at 875 ° C. for 2 hours, and quenched in a salt bath. Then at 385 ° C 2
A constant temperature transformation process was performed for a time.
【００２０】このようにして得られたオーステンパ球状
黒鉛鋳鉄試料より引張試験片（図３参照）を一試料から
複数本採取た。本発明での引張試験に供した図３に示す
引張試験片は、直径５ｍｍφ、平行部長さ４０ｍｍ、標
点間距離２５ｍｍである。水濡れ状態での引張試験は、
この２５ｍｍの標点間距離の部位にティッシュペーパを
巻き付けて，スポイドで水を注ぎ、水濡れ状態を保持
し、歪み速度１．２×１０-3／秒で引張試験を行った。
また乾燥状態でも同じ歪み速度１．２×１０-3／秒で引
張試験を行った。これら引張試験結果の機械的性質を表
２（実施例）と表４（比較例）に示す。表２（実施例）
から、実施例１、２とも、引張試験片の加工した平行部
を水に濡らした状態で、歪み速度１．２×１０-3／秒で
の引張試験で、伸びが５％以上、さらに引張強さが９０
０ＭＰａ以上あることがわかる。一方、表４（比較例）
では、同じ引張試験条件で、伸びが２．１〜４．８％と
低い。From the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron sample thus obtained, a plurality of tensile test pieces (see FIG. 3) were collected from one sample. The tensile test piece shown in FIG. 3 subjected to the tensile test in the present invention has a diameter of 5 mmφ, a parallel portion length of 40 mm, and a distance between gauge points of 25 mm. The tensile test in the wet state is
Tissue paper was wrapped around the 25 mm inter-gap distance, water was poured with a spoid, the wet state was maintained, and a tensile test was performed at a strain rate of 1.2 × 10 −3 / sec.
Also in the dry state, a tensile test was performed at the same strain rate of 1.2 × 10 −3 / sec. The mechanical properties of these tensile test results are shown in Table 2 (Example) and Table 4 (Comparative Example). Table 2 (Example)
In both Examples 1 and 2, in a tensile test at a strain rate of 1.2 × 10 −3 / sec, the elongation was 5% or more and the tensile strength was further increased in a state where the processed parallel portion of the tensile test piece was wetted with water. 90 strength
It can be seen that the pressure is 0 MPa or more. On the other hand, Table 4 (comparative example)
Under the same tensile test conditions, the elongation is as low as 2.1 to 4.8%.
【００２１】図１に、Ｍｏを０．３２質量％含むオース
テンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄について黒鉛粒数と引張強さ及び伸
びの関係を示す。図１において、最右側に示すデータは
比較例３（平均黒鉛粒数７０５個／ｍｍ2）、真中に示
すデータは比較例４（平均黒鉛粒数３７１個／ｍ
ｍ2）、および最左側に示すデータは比較例５（平均黒
鉛粒数２５０個／ｍｍ2）のそれぞれオーステンパ球状
黒鉛鋳鉄についてのものである。FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the number of graphite grains and the tensile strength and elongation of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 0.32% by mass of Mo. In FIG. 1, the data shown on the rightmost side is Comparative Example 3 (average number of graphite particles: 705 particles / mm 2 ), and the data shown in the middle is Comparative Example 4 (average number of graphite particles: 371 particles / m 2 ).
m 2 ) and the data shown on the leftmost side are those of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron of Comparative Example 5 (average number of graphite particles 250 / mm 2 ).
【００２２】図２には、Ｍｏを０．００５質量％含むオ
ーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の黒鉛粒数と引張強さ及び伸び
の関係を示す。図２において、最右側に示すデータは実
施例１（平均黒鉛粒数７４８個／ｍｍ2）、右から２番
目に示すデータは実施例２（平均黒鉛粒数４２０個／ｍ
ｍ2）、右から３番目に示すデータは比較例１（平均黒
鉛粒数３１９個／ｍｍ2）、および最左側に示すデータ
は比較例２（平均黒鉛粒数１９４個／ｍｍ2）のそれぞ
れオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄についてのものである。FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the number of graphite grains and the tensile strength and elongation of the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 0.005% by mass of Mo. In FIG. 2, the data on the rightmost side is Example 1 (average graphite particle count: 748 / mm 2 ), and the data from the right is Example 2 (average graphite particle count: 420 / m 2 ).
m 2 ), the third data from the right is Comparative Example 1 (average number of graphite particles 319 / mm 2 ), and the leftmost data is Comparative Example 2 (average graphite number 194 / mm 2 ). This is for austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron.
【００２３】図４はＭｏを０．３２質量％含み、平均黒
鉛粒数２５０個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛
鋳鉄（比較例５）の黒鉛粒の分布を示す金属組織写真
（１００倍）である。また、図５はＭｏを０．３２質量
％含み、平均黒鉛粒数２５０個／ｍｍ2を有するオース
テンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄（比較例５）の不安定オーステナイ
トの分布を示す金属組織写真（１００倍）である。図６
はＭｏを０．３２質量％含み、平均黒鉛粒数７０５個／
ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄（比較例３）
の黒鉛粒の分布を示す金属組織写真（１００倍）であ
る。また、図７はＭｏを０．３２質量％含み、平均黒鉛
粒数７０５個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳
鉄（比較例３）の不安定オーステナイトの分布を示す金
属組織写真（１００倍）である。Ｍｏを０．３２質量％
含むオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄では、平均黒鉛粒数が微
細になり、増加（図４と図６を比較参照）すると、不安
定オーステナイト（図５での白色部分）が微細に分布
（図７での白色部分）しているが、その量の低減はそれ
ほどなされていないことがわかる。FIG. 4 is a metallographic photograph (× 100) showing the distribution of graphite particles of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron (Comparative Example 5) containing 0.32% by mass of Mo and having an average number of graphite particles of 250 / mm 2. is there. FIG. 5 is a metallographic photograph (× 100) showing the distribution of unstable austenite in austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron (Comparative Example 5) containing 0.32% by mass of Mo and having an average number of graphite particles of 250 / mm 2. is there. FIG.
Contains 0.32% by mass of Mo and has an average number of graphite particles of 705 /
Austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having mm 2 (Comparative Example 3)
3 is a metallographic photograph (100 times) showing the distribution of graphite particles in Example 1. FIG. 7 is a metallographic photograph (× 100) showing the distribution of unstable austenite in austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron (Comparative Example 3) containing 0.32% by mass of Mo and having an average number of graphite particles of 705 / mm 2. is there. 0.32 mass% of Mo
In the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron containing, the average graphite grain number becomes fine and increases (see FIGS. 4 and 6), and when the austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron increases, unstable austenite (white part in FIG. 5) is finely distributed (white in FIG. 7). It can be seen that the amount has not been significantly reduced.
【００２４】図８はＭｏを０．００５質量％含み、平均
黒鉛粒数１９４個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒
鉛鋳鉄（比較例２）の黒鉛粒の分布を示す金属組織写真
（１００倍）である。また、図９はＭｏを０．００５質
量％含み、平均黒鉛粒数１９４個／ｍｍ2を有するオー
ステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄（比較例２）の不安定オーステナ
イトの分布を示す金属組織写真（１００倍）である。図
１０はＭｏを０．００５質量％含み、平均黒鉛粒数７４
８個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄（実施
例１）の黒鉛粒の分布を示す金属組織写真（１００倍）
である。また、図１１はＭｏを０．００５質量％含み、
平均黒鉛粒数７４８個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球
状黒鉛鋳鉄（実施例１）の不安定オーステナイトの分布
を示す金属組織写真（１００倍）である。Ｍｏを０．０
０５質量％含むＭｏ含有量の低いオーステンパ球状黒鉛
鋳鉄では、平均黒鉛粒数が微細になり、増加（図８と図
１０を比較参照）すると、不安定オーステナイトの分布
状態およびその量ともに著しく減少されていることがわ
かる（図９と図１１での白色部分参照）。FIG. 8 is a metallographic photograph (100 times) showing the distribution of graphite particles of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron (Comparative Example 2) containing 0.005% by mass of Mo and having an average number of graphite particles of 194 / mm 2. is there. FIG. 9 is a metallographic photograph (100 ×) showing the distribution of unstable austenite in austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron (Comparative Example 2) containing 0.005% by mass of Mo and having an average number of graphite particles of 194 / mm 2. is there. FIG. 10 contains 0.005% by mass of Mo and has an average graphite particle number of 74.
Metal structure photograph (100x) showing distribution of graphite grains in austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron (Example 1) having 8 pieces / mm 2
It is. FIG. 11 contains 0.005% by mass of Mo,
5 is a metallographic photograph (100 times) showing the distribution of unstable austenite in austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having an average number of graphite particles of 748 / mm 2 (Example 1). Mo to 0.0
In the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron with a low Mo content containing 05% by mass, the average graphite particle number becomes fine and increases (see FIGS. 8 and 10), and the distribution state and amount of unstable austenite are significantly reduced. (See the white portions in FIGS. 9 and 11).
【００２５】上述のように、不安定オーステナイトが存
在すると、黒鉛粒数を増加してこれを分散しても、耐水
濡れ性の改善効果は現れない。不安定オーステナイトを
低減し、なおかつ黒鉛粒数を増加したときに水濡れ時で
の引張強さ、伸びの改善の効果を得られることがわか
る。以上、本発明のオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄では、Ｍ
ｏ等の共晶セル境界に偏析する元素を０．３質量％未満
（好ましくは０．０１質量％以下）とし、平均黒鉛粒数
を４００個／ｍｍ2以上とすることにより、耐水濡れ性
に優れるオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄を得ることが出来
る。As described above, when unstable austenite is present, even if the number of graphite particles is increased and dispersed, the effect of improving the water wettability does not appear. It can be seen that when unstable austenite is reduced and the number of graphite particles is increased, the effect of improving tensile strength and elongation when wet with water can be obtained. As described above, in the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron of the present invention, M
The element segregating at the eutectic cell boundary such as o is less than 0.3% by mass (preferably 0.01% by mass or less), and the average number of graphite particles is 400 / mm 2 or more. An excellent austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron can be obtained.
【００２６】[0026]
【発明の効果】以上説明の通り、本発明のオーステンパ
球状黒鉛鋳鉄は、Ｍｏ等の共晶セル境界に偏析する元素
を低減し、さらに黒鉛粒数を増加することにより、水濡
れ時の引張強さ、伸びを改善できる。As described above, the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron of the present invention reduces the segregation of elements such as Mo at the eutectic cell boundary, and further increases the number of graphite particles to increase the tensile strength at the time of water wetting. Well, it can improve elongation.
【図１】平均黒鉛粒数と引張強さ及び伸びの関係（乾燥
状態と水濡れ状態）をＭｏ０．３２質量％を含むオース
テンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄について示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the average number of graphite particles and tensile strength and elongation (dry state and wet state) for austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 0.32% by mass of Mo.
【図２】平均黒鉛粒数と引張強さ及び伸びの関係（乾燥
状態と水濡れ状態）をＭｏ０．００５質量％を含むオー
ステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄について示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the average number of graphite grains and tensile strength and elongation (dry state and wet state) for austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 0.005% by mass of Mo.
【図３】本発明での引張試験に供した引張試験片の寸法
図である。FIG. 3 is a dimensional diagram of a tensile test piece subjected to a tensile test in the present invention.
【図４】Ｍｏを０．３２質量％含み、平均黒鉛粒数２５
０個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の黒鉛
粒の分布を示す金属組織写真（１００倍）である。FIG. 4 contains 0.32% by mass of Mo and an average graphite particle number of 25
1 is a metallographic photograph (100 times) showing the distribution of graphite particles in austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having 0 / mm 2 .
【図５】Ｍｏを０．３２質量％含み、平均黒鉛粒数２５
０個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の不安
定オーステナイトの分布を示す金属組織写真（１００
倍）である。FIG. 5 contains 0.32% by mass of Mo and an average graphite particle number of 25
Metallographic photograph showing the distribution of unstable austenite in austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having 0 / mm 2 (100
Times).
【図６】Ｍｏを０．３２質量％含み、平均黒鉛粒数７０
５個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の黒鉛
粒の分布を示す金属組織写真（１００倍）である。FIG. 6 contains 0.32% by mass of Mo and has an average graphite particle number of 70;
5 is a metallographic photograph (100 times) showing the distribution of graphite particles in austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having 5 pieces / mm 2 .
【図７】Ｍｏを０．３２質量％含み、平均黒鉛粒数７０
５個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の不安
定オーステナイトの分布を示す金属組織写真（１００
倍）である。FIG. 7 contains 0.32% by mass of Mo and has an average graphite particle number of 70;
Metallographic photograph showing the distribution of unstable austenite in austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having 5 / mm 2 (100
Times).
【図８】０．００５質量％のＭｏを含み、平均黒鉛粒数
１９４個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の
黒鉛粒の分布を示す金属組織写真（１００倍）である。FIG. 8 is a metallographic photograph (× 100) showing the distribution of graphite particles of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 0.005% by mass of Mo and having an average number of graphite particles of 194 / mm 2 .
【図９】０．００５質量％のＭｏを含み、平均黒鉛粒数
１９４個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄の
不安定オーステナイトの分布を示す金属組織写真（１０
０倍）である。FIG. 9 is a microstructure photograph showing the distribution of unstable austenite in austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 0.005% by mass of Mo and having an average number of graphite particles of 194 / mm 2.
0 times).
【図１０】０．００５質量％のＭｏを含み、平均黒鉛粒
数７４８個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄
の黒鉛粒の分布を示す金属組織写真（１００倍）であ
る。FIG. 10 is a metallographic photograph (× 100) showing the distribution of graphite particles of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 0.005% by mass of Mo and having an average number of graphite particles of 748 / mm 2 .
【図１１】０．００５質量％のＭｏを含み、平均黒鉛粒
数７４８個／ｍｍ2を有するオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄
の不安定オーステナイトの分布を示す金属組織写真（１
００倍）である。FIG. 11 is a microstructure photograph (1) showing the distribution of unstable austenite in austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 0.005% by mass of Mo and having an average number of graphite particles of 748 / mm 2.
00 times).
（なし） (None)
Claims (5)
した状態で、歪み速度１．２×１０-3／秒での引張試験
を行い、伸びが５％以上であることを特徴とする耐水濡
れ性に優れるオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄。1. A tensile test is performed at a strain rate of 1.2 × 10 −3 / sec while a processed parallel portion of a tensile test piece is wet with water, and the elongation is 5% or more. Austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron with excellent water wetting resistance.
を特徴とする請求項１記載の耐水濡れ性に優れるオース
テンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄。2. The austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 1, having a tensile strength of at least 900 MPa.
とを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の耐水濡
れ性に優れるオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄。3. The austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron having excellent wettability according to claim 1, wherein the Mo content is less than 0.3% by mass.
て、平均黒鉛粒数が４００個／ｍｍ2以上であることを
特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の耐水濡れ性
に優れるオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄。4. The water wettability according to claim 1, wherein the Mo content is less than 0.3% by mass and the average number of graphite particles is 400 / mm 2 or more. Excellent austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron.
え、Ｃ：３．５〜３．９質量％、Ｓｉ：１．５〜２．５
質量％、Ｍｎ：０．１５〜０．５質量％、Ｃｕ：０．３
〜１．５質量％以下、Ｍｇ：０．０１〜０．０６質量
％、残部Ｆｅおよび不可避的不純物を含む組成からなる
ことを特徴とする請求項３または請求項４に記載の耐水
濡れ性に優れるオーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄。5. In addition to the Mo content of less than 0.3% by mass, C: 3.5 to 3.9% by mass, Si: 1.5 to 2.5%
Mass%, Mn: 0.15 to 0.5 mass%, Cu: 0.3
5 to 1.5% by mass or less, Mg: 0.01 to 0.06% by mass, the balance comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities. Excellent austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29170098A JP2000119794A (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1998-10-14 | Austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron excellent in resistance to wetting with water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29170098A JP2000119794A (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1998-10-14 | Austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron excellent in resistance to wetting with water |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000119794A true JP2000119794A (en) | 2000-04-25 |
Family
ID=17772277
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29170098A Pending JP2000119794A (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1998-10-14 | Austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron excellent in resistance to wetting with water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2000119794A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001303167A (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2001-10-31 | Yuichi Tanaka | Wear resistant material composed of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron |
| JP2008510072A (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2008-04-03 | フェデラル−モーグル ブルシャイト ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | High hardness wear resistance Corrosion resistance cast iron |
| JP2008510071A (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2008-04-03 | フェデラル−モーグル ブルシャイト ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Cast iron material for piston rings |
| JP2009536707A (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2009-10-15 | エドワーズ リミテッド | Vacuum pump |
| EP2775002A1 (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-10 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Spline hub for clutch and manufacturing method thereof |
| US9163633B2 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2015-10-20 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Vane pump |
| WO2017160782A1 (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2017-09-21 | Federal-Mogul Llc | High strength cast iron for cylinder liners |
-
1998
- 1998-10-14 JP JP29170098A patent/JP2000119794A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001303167A (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2001-10-31 | Yuichi Tanaka | Wear resistant material composed of austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron |
| JP2008510072A (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2008-04-03 | フェデラル−モーグル ブルシャイト ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | High hardness wear resistance Corrosion resistance cast iron |
| JP2008510071A (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2008-04-03 | フェデラル−モーグル ブルシャイト ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Cast iron material for piston rings |
| JP2009536707A (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2009-10-15 | エドワーズ リミテッド | Vacuum pump |
| EP2775002A1 (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-10 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Spline hub for clutch and manufacturing method thereof |
| US9163633B2 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2015-10-20 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Vane pump |
| WO2017160782A1 (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2017-09-21 | Federal-Mogul Llc | High strength cast iron for cylinder liners |
| US9873928B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2018-01-23 | Federal-Mogul | High strength cast iron for cylinder liners |
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