JP2000088387A - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air conditioner having a refrigeration cycle principally employing inner high pressure type compressors in which rising characteristics of heating operation are enhanced. SOLUTION: At the time of starting heating operation, second, fifth and fourth on/off valves b, e, d are opened while first, third and sixth on/off valves a, c, f are closed. A compressor 1 is rendered inner low pressure type by delivering refrigerant sucked into a compressing section sequentially through a second suction pipe 8, a motor chamber 4, a first bypath 11 and a first suction pipe 7 from a second delivery pipe through a delivery chamber.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、空気調和装置に係
わり、より詳細には、主として内部高圧型の圧縮機を用
いた冷凍サイクルであって、とくに、暖房運転の立上り
時の特性を高めたものに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner, and more particularly, to a refrigeration cycle mainly using an internal high-pressure compressor, and particularly to improving the characteristics at the start of heating operation. About things.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来の空気調和装置は、一例を図５
（Ａ）で示し、他の例を図５（Ｂ）で示すように、圧縮
機１と、四方弁Ａと、室外側熱交換器Ｂと、膨張弁Ｃ
と、室内側熱交換器Ｄとを順次連結して冷媒回路を形成
してなり、前記圧縮機１は、例えば図５（Ａ）で示す一
例のように、密閉容器２内に電動部６と圧縮部５とが配
置され、同密閉容器２内を電動機室４と吐出室３とに区
画し、前記圧縮部５に吸込管7aを、前記電動機室４に吐
出管9aを夫々接続してなる構成であった。しかしなが
ら、暖房運転開始時に、前記吸込管7aから前記圧縮部５
に吸入された冷媒が、前記電動機室４を経由し前記吐出
管9aから吐き出されて前記圧縮機１を内部高圧型となす
ことから、前記圧縮部５で高温となった冷媒温度が前記
電動機室４で低下してしまうために温風の吹き出しが遅
れることになって、所謂立上り特性が劣る空気調和装置
になってしまうという問題を有していた。2. Description of the Related Art An example of a conventional air conditioner is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5A and another example shown in FIG. 5B, the compressor 1, the four-way valve A, the outdoor heat exchanger B, and the expansion valve C
And the indoor heat exchanger D are sequentially connected to form a refrigerant circuit, and the compressor 1 includes a motor-driven unit 6 in a closed container 2 as shown in an example shown in FIG. A compression section 5 is disposed, the inside of the closed container 2 is partitioned into a motor chamber 4 and a discharge chamber 3, and a suction pipe 7 a is connected to the compression section 5, and a discharge pipe 9 a is connected to the motor chamber 4. Configuration. However, at the start of the heating operation, the suction pipe 7a is
The refrigerant sucked into the compressor chamber 1 is discharged from the discharge pipe 9a through the electric motor chamber 4 to make the compressor 1 an internal high-pressure type. 4, there is a problem that the blowing of the warm air is delayed, resulting in an air conditioner having poor so-called rising characteristics.

【０００３】または、前記圧縮機１は、例えば図５
（Ｂ）で示す他の例のように、密閉容器２内に電動部６
と圧縮部５とが配置され、同密閉容器２内を電動機室４
と吐出室３とに区画し、前記電動機室４に吸込管7bを、
前記吐出室３に吐出管9bを夫々接続してなる構成であっ
た。しかしながら、運転時に、前記吸込管7bから前記電
動機室４を経て前記圧縮部５に吸入された冷媒が、前記
吐出管9aから吐き出されて前記圧縮機１を内部低圧型と
なすことから、前記圧縮部５への過剰な給油は前記圧縮
機１外への油の吐出を増加させて冷凍サイクルの性能を
低下させてしまうほか、前記圧縮機１内の油が不足して
摺動部が焼き付く恐れがあった。Alternatively, the compressor 1 is, for example, shown in FIG.
As in the other example shown in FIG.
And a compression unit 5 are arranged, and the inside of the closed container 2 is
And a discharge chamber 3, and a suction pipe 7 b is provided in the electric motor chamber 4.
The discharge chamber 3 has a configuration in which discharge pipes 9b are respectively connected. However, during operation, the refrigerant sucked into the compression section 5 from the suction pipe 7b through the electric motor chamber 4 is discharged from the discharge pipe 9a to make the compressor 1 an internal low-pressure type. Excessive oil supply to the section 5 increases the discharge of oil to the outside of the compressor 1 and lowers the performance of the refrigeration cycle. In addition, the oil in the compressor 1 may be insufficient and the sliding portion may be seized. was there.

【０００４】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明においては、上
記の問題点に鑑み、主として内部高圧型の圧縮機を用い
た冷凍サイクルであって、とくに、暖房運転の立上り時
の特性を高めた空気調和装置を提供することを目的とす
る。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is directed to a refrigeration cycle mainly using an internal high-pressure type compressor, and in particular, to an air with improved characteristics at the start of heating operation. It is intended to provide a harmony device.

【０００５】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記課題を解
決するため、圧縮機と、四方弁と、室外側熱交換器と、
膨張弁と、室内側熱交換器とを順次連結し冷媒回路を形
成してなり、前記圧縮機は密閉容器内に電動部と圧縮部
とが配置され、同密閉容器内を気密な電動機室と吐出室
とに区画し、前記圧縮部に第一吸込管を、前記電動機室
に第二吸込管を夫々接続するとともに、前記電動機室に
第一吐出管を、前記吐出室に第二吐出管を夫々接続し、
前記電動機室と前記第一吸込管とを連通する第一バイパ
ス路を設けるとともに、前記電動機室と前記吐出室また
は前記第二吐出管とを連通する第二バイパス路を設け、
前記第一吸込管に第一開閉弁を、前記第二吸込管に第二
開閉弁を、前記第一吐出管に第三開閉弁を、前記第二吐
出管に第四開閉弁を、前記第一バイパス路に第五開閉弁
を、前記第二バイパス路に第六開閉弁を夫々設け、冷房
運転時に、前記第一開閉弁と、前記第三開閉弁と、前記
第六開閉弁とを開放する一方、前記第二開閉弁と、前記
第四開閉弁と、前記第五開閉弁とを閉塞し、前記第一吸
込管から前記圧縮部に吸入された冷媒を、前記吐出室、
前記第二バイパス路、前記電動機室を順次経由し、前記
第一吐出管から吐き出すようにして前記圧縮機を内部高
圧型となし、暖房運転開始時に、前記第二開閉弁と、前
記第五開閉弁と、前記第四開閉弁とを開放する一方、前
記第一開閉弁と、前記第三開閉弁と、前記第六開閉弁と
を閉塞し、前記第二吸込管、前記電動機室、前記第一バ
イパス路、前記第一吸込管を順次経由して前記圧縮部に
吸入された冷媒を、前記吐出室を経由し前記第二吐出管
から吐き出すようにして前記圧縮機を内部低圧型とな
し、暖房運転時に、前記第一開閉弁と、前記第三開閉弁
と、前記第六開閉弁とを開放する一方、前記第二開閉弁
と、前記第四開閉弁と、前記第五開閉弁とを閉塞し、前
記第一吸込管から前記圧縮部に吸入された冷媒を、前記
吐出室、前記第二バイパス路、前記電動機室を順次経由
し、前記第一吐出管から吐き出すようにして前記圧縮機
を内部高圧型となしてなる構成となっている。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there is provided a compressor, a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger,
The expansion valve and the indoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form a refrigerant circuit, and the compressor is provided with an electric unit and a compression unit in a closed container, and the inside of the closed container is an airtight motor room. A first suction pipe is connected to the compression section, a second suction pipe is connected to the motor chamber, a first discharge pipe is connected to the motor chamber, and a second discharge pipe is connected to the discharge chamber. Connect each one,
A first bypass path communicating the motor chamber and the first suction pipe is provided, and a second bypass path communicating the motor chamber and the discharge chamber or the second discharge pipe is provided,
The first suction pipe has a first on-off valve, the second suction pipe has a second on-off valve, the first discharge pipe has a third on-off valve, the second discharge pipe has a fourth on-off valve, and the A fifth on-off valve is provided on one bypass passage, and a sixth on-off valve is provided on the second bypass passage, and the first on-off valve, the third on-off valve, and the sixth on-off valve are opened during a cooling operation. On the other hand, the second on-off valve, the fourth on-off valve, and the fifth on-off valve are closed, and the refrigerant sucked from the first suction pipe into the compression unit is discharged into the discharge chamber.
The compressor is of an internal high-pressure type by sequentially passing through the second bypass path and the motor chamber and discharging from the first discharge pipe. At the start of the heating operation, the second on-off valve and the fifth on-off valve While opening the valve and the fourth on-off valve, closing the first on-off valve, the third on-off valve, and the sixth on-off valve, the second suction pipe, the electric motor chamber, the second One bypass passage, the refrigerant sucked into the compression section sequentially through the first suction pipe, the compressor is an internal low pressure type so as to be discharged from the second discharge pipe through the discharge chamber, During the heating operation, while opening the first on-off valve, the third on-off valve, and the sixth on-off valve, the second on-off valve, the fourth on-off valve, and the fifth on-off valve The refrigerant that is closed and drawn into the compression section from the first suction pipe flows into the discharge chamber and the second chamber. Pass passage, the through motor chamber sequentially, so as to expel from the first discharge pipe has a configuration comprising no the compressor and internal high pressure type.

【０００６】また、前記第一開閉弁および、または前記
第三開閉弁と、前記第四開閉弁と、前記第五開閉弁と、
前記第六開閉弁とが夫々電磁弁からなる構成となってい
る。The first on-off valve and / or the third on-off valve, the fourth on-off valve, the fifth on-off valve,
Each of the sixth on-off valves is constituted by a solenoid valve.

【０００７】また、前記第二開閉弁および、または前記
第三開閉弁が、逆止弁からなる構成となっている。[0007] Further, the second on-off valve and / or the third on-off valve comprises a check valve.

【０００８】また、圧縮機と、四方弁と、室外側熱交換
器と、膨張弁と、室内側熱交換器とを順次連結し冷媒回
路を形成してなり、前記圧縮機は密閉容器内に電動部と
圧縮部とが配置され、同密閉容器内を気密な電動機室と
吐出室と補助吐出室とに区画し、前記圧縮部に第一吸込
管を、前記電動機室に第二吸込管および前記第一吸込管
から分岐した分岐管を夫々接続するとともに、前記補助
吐出室に第一吐出管を接続し、前記電動機室と前記吐出
室とを連通する第二バイパス路を設けるとともに、同第
二バイパス路の前記吐出室との接続部近傍と前記補助吐
出室とを連通する第三バイパス路を設け、前記第一吸込
管に第一開閉弁を、前記分岐管に第一補助開閉弁を、前
記第二バイパス路に第六開閉弁を、前記第三バイパス路
に第六補助開閉弁を夫々設け、前記電動機室に接続され
た前記第二吸込管の先端部と、前記電動機室を区画した
壁体に形成された透孔の前記補助吐出室側とに、第一逆
止弁と第二逆止弁とを夫々設け、冷房運転時に、前記第
一開閉弁と、前記第六開閉弁と、前記第二逆止弁とを開
放する一方、前記第一補助開閉弁と、前記第六補助開閉
弁と、前記第一逆止弁とを閉塞し、前記第一吸込管から
前記圧縮部に吸入された冷媒を、前記吐出室、前記第二
バイパス路、前記電動機室、前記透孔、前記補助吐出室
を順次経由し、前記第一吐出管から吐き出すようにして
前記圧縮機を内部高圧型となし、暖房運転開始時に、前
記第一補助開閉弁と、前記第六補助開閉弁と、前記第一
逆止弁とを開放する一方、前記第一開閉弁と、前記第六
開閉弁と、前記第二逆止弁とを閉塞し、前記第二吸込
管、前記電動機室、前記分岐路、前記第一吸込管を順次
経由して前記圧縮部に吸入された冷媒を、前記吐出室、
前記第三バイパス路、前記補助吐出室を経由し前記第一
吐出管から吐き出すようにして前記圧縮機を内部低圧型
となし、暖房運転時に、前記第一開閉弁と、前記第六開
閉弁と、前記第二逆止弁とを開放する一方、前記第一補
助開閉弁と、前記第六補助開閉弁と、前記第一逆止弁と
を閉塞し、前記第一吸込管から前記圧縮部に吸入された
冷媒を、前記吐出室、前記第二バイパス路、前記電動機
室、前記透孔、前記補助吐出室を順次経由し、前記第一
吐出管から吐き出すようにして前記圧縮機を内部高圧型
となしてなる構成となっている。Further, a compressor, a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an indoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form a refrigerant circuit, and the compressor is housed in a closed container. An electric section and a compression section are arranged, and the inside of the closed container is partitioned into an airtight motor chamber, a discharge chamber, and an auxiliary discharge chamber, a first suction pipe in the compression section, and a second suction pipe in the motor chamber. Along with connecting branch pipes branched from the first suction pipe respectively, a first discharge pipe is connected to the auxiliary discharge chamber, and a second bypass path communicating the motor chamber and the discharge chamber is provided. Providing a third bypass passage communicating between the auxiliary discharge chamber and the vicinity of the connection portion of the two bypass passages with the discharge chamber, a first on-off valve on the first suction pipe, and a first on-off valve on the branch pipe. A sixth on-off valve in the second bypass passage, and a sixth auxiliary on-off valve in the third bypass passage. A first check valve and a second check valve are provided respectively at the tip of the second suction pipe connected to the motor chamber and at the auxiliary discharge chamber side of a through hole formed in a wall partitioning the motor chamber. A second check valve is provided for opening the first on-off valve, the sixth on-off valve, and the second check valve during the cooling operation, while the first auxiliary on-off valve and the sixth The auxiliary on-off valve and the first check valve are closed, and the refrigerant sucked into the compression unit from the first suction pipe is supplied to the discharge chamber, the second bypass passage, the motor chamber, the through hole, Through the auxiliary discharge chamber sequentially, the compressor is an internal high pressure type to discharge from the first discharge pipe, at the start of heating operation, the first auxiliary on-off valve, the sixth auxiliary on-off valve, While opening the first check valve, the first on-off valve, the sixth on-off valve, and the second check valve are closed. , The second suction pipe, said electric motor chamber, the branch passage, the refrigerant sucked into the compression unit via said first suction line sequentially, the discharge chamber,
The third bypass passage, the compressor is an internal low pressure type to discharge from the first discharge pipe via the auxiliary discharge chamber, during the heating operation, the first on-off valve, the sixth on-off valve, , While opening the second check valve, closing the first auxiliary on-off valve, the sixth auxiliary on-off valve, and the first check valve, from the first suction pipe to the compression unit The compressor is internally pressurized so that the sucked refrigerant is discharged from the first discharge pipe through the discharge chamber, the second bypass passage, the electric motor chamber, the through hole, and the auxiliary discharge chamber in order. The configuration is as follows.

【０００９】また、前記第一補助開閉弁は、前記第一開
閉弁が開放するのに連動して閉塞し、閉塞するのに連動
して開放するようにした構成となっている。The first auxiliary on-off valve is configured to close in conjunction with the opening of the first on-off valve, and to open in conjunction with the closing.

【００１０】更に、前記第六補助開閉弁は、前記第六開
閉弁が開放するのに連動して閉塞し、閉塞するのに連動
して開放するようにした構成となっている。Further, the sixth auxiliary on-off valve is configured to close in conjunction with the opening of the sixth on-off valve, and to open in conjunction with the closing.

【００１１】[0011]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面
に基づいた実施例として詳細に説明する。図１乃至図４
において、１は圧縮機、Ａは四方弁、Ｂは室外側熱交換
器、Ｃは膨張弁、Ｄは室内側熱交換器で、これらは順次
連結されて冷媒回路が形成されている。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as examples. 1 to 4
, 1 is a compressor, A is a four-way valve, B is an outdoor heat exchanger, C is an expansion valve, and D is an indoor heat exchanger, which are sequentially connected to form a refrigerant circuit.

【００１２】前記圧縮機１は、第一の実施例として図１
乃至図３で示すように、密閉容器２内に電動部６と圧縮
部５とが配置され、同密閉容器２内を気密な電動機室４
と吐出室３とに区画し、前記圧縮部５に第一吸込管７
を、前記電動機室４に第二吸込管８を夫々接続するとと
もに、前記電動機室４に第一吐出管９を、前記吐出室３
に第二吐出管10を夫々接続し、前記電動機室４と前記第
一吸込管７とを連通する第一バイパス路11を設けるとと
もに、前記電動機室４と前記吐出室３または前記第二吐
出管10とを連通する第二バイパス路12または12' を設
け、前記第一吸込管７に第一開閉弁ａを、前記第二吸込
管８に第二開閉弁ｂを、前記第一吐出管９に第三開閉弁
ｃを、前記第二吐出管10に第四開閉弁ｄを、前記第一バ
イパス路11に第五開閉弁ｅを、前記第二バイパス路12ま
たは12' に第六開閉弁ｆを夫々設けた構成となってい
る。The compressor 1 is a first embodiment shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 3, an electric unit 6 and a compression unit 5 are arranged in the closed container 2, and the inside of the closed container 2 is sealed in an airtight motor room 4.
And the discharge chamber 3, and the first suction pipe 7
And a second suction pipe 8 connected to the motor chamber 4, respectively, and a first discharge pipe 9 connected to the motor chamber 4 and the discharge chamber 3
To the motor chamber 4 and the first suction pipe 7, respectively, and a second bypass pipe 10 is connected to the motor chamber 4 and the discharge chamber 3 or the second discharge pipe. The first suction pipe 7 is provided with a first on-off valve a, the second suction pipe 8 is provided with a second on-off valve b, and the first discharge pipe 9 is provided. A third on-off valve c, a fourth on-off valve d on the second discharge pipe 10, a fifth on-off valve e on the first bypass passage 11, and a sixth on-off valve on the second bypass passage 12 or 12 '. f are provided respectively.

【００１３】前記冷媒回路に、第一の実施例として説明
した構成でなる前記圧縮機１を連結したことにより、冷
房運転時に、図１で示すように、前記第一開閉弁ａと、
前記第三開閉弁ｃと、前記第六開閉弁ｆとを開放する一
方、前記第二開閉弁ｂと、前記第四開閉弁ｄと、前記第
五開閉弁ｅとを閉塞し、前記第一吸込管７から前記圧縮
部５に吸入された冷媒を、前記吐出室３、前記第二バイ
パス路12または12' 、前記電動機室４を順次経由し、前
記第一吐出管９から吐き出すようにして前記圧縮機１を
内部高圧型となすことによって、内部低圧型に比して、
性能のよい定常運転を行えるようにした構成となってい
る。By connecting the compressor 1 having the structure described as the first embodiment to the refrigerant circuit, during the cooling operation, as shown in FIG.
The third on-off valve c and the sixth on-off valve f are opened, while the second on-off valve b, the fourth on-off valve d, and the fifth on-off valve e are closed. The refrigerant sucked into the compression section 5 from the suction pipe 7 is discharged from the first discharge pipe 9 through the discharge chamber 3, the second bypass passage 12 or 12 ', and the electric motor chamber 4 sequentially. By making the compressor 1 an internal high pressure type, compared to the internal low pressure type,
The configuration is such that steady operation with good performance can be performed.

【００１４】また、暖房運転開始時に、図２で示すよう
に、前記第二開閉弁ｂと、前記第五開閉弁ｅと、前記第
四開閉弁ｄとを開放する一方、前記第一開閉弁ａと、前
記第三開閉弁ｃと、前記第六開閉弁ｆとを閉塞し、前記
第二吸込管８、前記電動機室４、前記第一バイパス路1
1、前記第一吸込管７を順次経由して前記圧縮部５に吸
入された冷媒を、前記吐出室３を経由し前記第二吐出管
10から吐き出すようにして前記圧縮機１を内部低圧型と
なすことによって、上記に説明した従来技術のように、
前記圧縮部５で高温となった冷媒温度が前記電動機室４
で低下してしまうということがなくなることにより、例
えば、内部高圧型の圧縮機を使用した場合に温風吹き出
しまでの所要時間が約三分間であったのに対し、本願の
構成によりこれを約一分間に短縮できるようになって、
所謂立上り特性を大幅に向上できるようにした構成とな
っている。When the heating operation is started, as shown in FIG. 2, the second on-off valve b, the fifth on-off valve e, and the fourth on-off valve d are opened, while the first on-off valve is opened. a, the third on-off valve c, and the sixth on-off valve f are closed, and the second suction pipe 8, the electric motor chamber 4, and the first bypass passage 1 are closed.
1. Refrigerant sucked into the compression section 5 through the first suction pipe 7 sequentially through the discharge chamber 3 to the second discharge pipe
By making the compressor 1 an internal low-pressure type by discharging from the compressor 10 as in the prior art described above,
The temperature of the refrigerant that has become high temperature in the compression section 5 is
In the case of using an internal high-pressure type compressor, for example, the time required to blow out hot air was about three minutes, whereas the configuration of the present application reduced this to about three minutes. Can be reduced to one minute,
The so-called rising characteristic can be greatly improved.

【００１５】また、暖房運転時に、図３で示すように、
前記第一開閉弁ａと、前記第三開閉弁ｃと、前記第六開
閉弁ｆとを開放する一方、前記第二開閉弁ｂと、前記第
四開閉弁ｄと、前記第五開閉弁ｅとを閉塞し、前記第一
吸込管７から前記圧縮部５に吸入された冷媒を、前記吐
出室３、前記第二バイパス路12または12' 、前記電動機
室４を順次経由し、前記第一吐出管９から吐き出すよう
にして前記圧縮機１を内部高圧型となすことによって、
内部低圧型に比して、上記に説明した冷房運転時の場合
と同様に、性能のよい定常運転を行えるようにした構成
となっている。In the heating operation, as shown in FIG.
While opening the first on-off valve a, the third on-off valve c, and the sixth on-off valve f, the second on-off valve b, the fourth on-off valve d, and the fifth on-off valve e And the refrigerant sucked into the compression section 5 from the first suction pipe 7 passes through the discharge chamber 3, the second bypass path 12 or 12 ', and the motor chamber 4 in order, and By making the compressor 1 an internal high pressure type so as to discharge from the discharge pipe 9,
Compared to the internal low-pressure type, the configuration is such that a high-performance steady operation can be performed as in the case of the cooling operation described above.

【００１６】また、前記第一開閉弁ａおよび、または前
記第三開閉弁c'と、前記第四開閉弁ｄと、前記第五開閉
弁ｅと、前記第六開閉弁ｆとが夫々電磁弁からなる構成
となっており、これによって、図１乃至図３に基づいて
上記に説明した冷房運転時、暖房運転開始時および暖房
運転時の前記冷媒回路を夫々正確に形成できるようにし
た構成となっている。The first on-off valve a and / or the third on-off valve c ', the fourth on-off valve d, the fifth on-off valve e, and the sixth on-off valve f are each an electromagnetic valve. This makes it possible to accurately form the refrigerant circuits during the cooling operation, the heating operation start, and the heating operation described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 respectively. Has become.

【００１７】また、前記第二開閉弁ｂおよび、または前
記第三開閉弁ｃが、逆止弁ｂおよび、または逆止弁ｃか
らなる構成となっており、これによって、上記に説明し
た電磁弁と同様に、図１乃至図３に基づいて上記に説明
した冷房運転時、暖房運転開始時および暖房運転時の冷
媒流路を構成すべく、前記冷媒回路を夫々正確に形成で
きるようにした構成となっている。Further, the second on-off valve b and / or the third on-off valve c is constituted by a check valve b and / or a check valve c. Similarly, the refrigerant circuits can be accurately formed so as to form the refrigerant flow paths during the cooling operation, the heating operation start, and the heating operation described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. It has become.

【００１８】または、前記圧縮機１は、第二の実施例と
して図４で示すように、密閉容器２内に電動部６と圧縮
部５とが配置され、同密閉容器２内を気密な電動機室４
と吐出室３と補助吐出室14とに区画し、前記圧縮部５に
第一吸込管７を、前記電動機室４に第二吸込管８および
前記第一吸込管７から分岐した分岐管8'を夫々接続する
とともに、前記補助吐出室14に第一吐出管９を接続し、
前記電動機室４と前記吐出室３とを連通する第二バイパ
ス路12を設けるとともに、同第二バイパス路12の前記吐
出室３との接続部近傍と前記補助吐出室14とを連通する
第三バイパス路17を設け、前記第一吸込管７または前記
第二吸込管８に第一開閉弁ａを、前記分岐管8'に第一補
助開閉弁a'を、前記第二バイパス路12に第六開閉弁ｆ
を、前記第三バイパス路17に第六補助開閉弁f'を夫々設
け、前記電動機室４に接続された前記第二吸込管８の先
端部と、前記電動機室４を区画した壁体15に形成された
透孔の前記補助吐出室側14とに、第一逆止弁13と第二逆
止弁16とを夫々設けた構成となっている。Alternatively, in the compressor 1, as shown in FIG. 4 as a second embodiment, an electric motor 6 and a compressor 5 are arranged in a closed container 2, and an airtight motor is provided in the closed container 2. Room 4
, A discharge chamber 3, and an auxiliary discharge chamber 14, a first suction pipe 7 in the compression section 5, a second suction pipe 8 and a branch pipe 8 ′ branched from the first suction pipe 7 in the electric motor chamber 4. And the first discharge pipe 9 is connected to the auxiliary discharge chamber 14,
A second bypass passage (12) communicating the motor chamber (4) and the discharge chamber (3) is provided, and a third bypass passage (12) communicating the vicinity of a connection portion of the second bypass passage (12) with the discharge chamber (3) and the auxiliary discharge chamber (14). A bypass path 17 is provided, a first on-off valve a is provided on the first suction pipe 7 or the second suction pipe 8, a first auxiliary on-off valve a 'is provided on the branch pipe 8', and a second on-off valve a 'is provided on the second bypass path 12. Six on-off valve f
A sixth auxiliary opening / closing valve f ′ is provided in the third bypass passage 17, respectively, at the end of the second suction pipe 8 connected to the motor chamber 4 and at the wall 15 that partitions the motor chamber 4. A first check valve 13 and a second check valve 16 are provided on the auxiliary discharge chamber side 14 of the formed through hole, respectively.

【００１９】前記冷媒回路に、第二の実施例として図４
に基づいて説明した構成でなる前記圧縮機１を連結した
ことにより、冷房運転時に、前記第一開閉弁ａと、前記
第六開閉弁ｆと、前記第二逆止弁16とを開放する一方、
前記第一補助開閉弁a'と、前記第六補助開閉弁f'と、前
記第一逆止弁13とを閉塞し、前記第一吸込管７から前記
圧縮部５に吸入された冷媒を、前記吐出室３、前記第二
バイパス路12、前記電動機室４、前記透孔、前記補助吐
出室14を順次経由し、前記第一吐出管９から吐き出すよ
うにして前記圧縮機１を内部高圧型となすことによっ
て、上記に説明した第一の実施例の場合と同様に、内部
低圧型に比して、性能のよい定常運転を行えるようにし
た構成となっている。As a second embodiment, FIG.
The first open / close valve a, the sixth open / close valve f, and the second check valve 16 are opened during the cooling operation by connecting the compressor 1 having the configuration described based on ,
The first auxiliary on-off valve a ′, the sixth auxiliary on-off valve f ′, and the first check valve 13 are closed, and the refrigerant sucked into the compression unit 5 from the first suction pipe 7 is The compressor 1 is discharged from the first discharge pipe 9 through the discharge chamber 3, the second bypass passage 12, the electric motor chamber 4, the through hole, and the auxiliary discharge chamber 14 in order, and the compressor 1 is internally pressurized. Thus, as in the case of the first embodiment described above, the configuration is such that steady operation with better performance can be performed as compared with the internal low-pressure type.

【００２０】また、暖房運転開始時に、前記第一補助開
閉弁a'と、前記第六補助開閉弁f'と、前記第一逆止弁13
とを開放する一方、前記第一開閉弁ａと、前記第六開閉
弁ｆと、前記第二逆止弁16とを閉塞し、前記第二吸込管
８、前記電動機室４、前記分岐路8'、前記第一吸込管７
を順次経由して前記圧縮部５に吸入された冷媒を、前記
吐出室３、前記第三バイパス路17、前記補助吐出室14を
経由し前記第一吐出管９から吐き出すようにして前記圧
縮機１を内部低圧型となすことによって、上記に説明し
た従来技術のように、前記圧縮部５で高温となった冷媒
温度が前記電動機室４で低下してしまうということがな
くなることにより、上記に説明した第一の実施例の場合
と同様に、例えば、内部高圧型の圧縮機を使用した場合
に温風吹き出しまでの所要時間が約三分間であったのに
対し、本願の構成によりこれを約一分間に短縮できるよ
うになって、所謂立上り特性を大幅に向上できるように
した構成となっている。At the start of the heating operation, the first auxiliary on-off valve a ', the sixth auxiliary on-off valve f', and the first check valve 13 '
While closing the first on-off valve a, the sixth on-off valve f, and the second check valve 16, and closing the second suction pipe 8, the electric motor chamber 4, the branch passage 8. ', The first suction pipe 7
Through the discharge chamber 3, the third bypass passage 17, and the auxiliary discharge chamber 14 to discharge the refrigerant drawn into the compression unit 5 through the first discharge pipe 9. By making the internal low-pressure type 1, the refrigerant temperature that has become high in the compression section 5 does not drop in the electric motor chamber 4 as in the above-described related art. As in the case of the first embodiment described, for example, when the internal high-pressure type compressor was used, the time required to blow out the hot air was about 3 minutes, but according to the configuration of the present application, The structure can be shortened to about one minute, and so-called rising characteristics can be greatly improved.

【００２１】また、暖房運転時に、前記第一開閉弁ａ
と、前記第六開閉弁ｆと、前記第二逆止弁16とを開放す
る一方、前記第一補助開閉弁a'と、前記第六補助開閉弁
f'と、前記第一逆止弁13とを閉塞し、前記第一吸込管７
から前記圧縮部５に吸入された冷媒を、前記吐出室３、
前記第二バイパス路12、前記電動機室４、前記透孔、前
記補助吐出室14を順次経由し、前記第一吐出管９から吐
き出すようにして前記圧縮機１を内部高圧型となすこと
によって、内部低圧型に比して、上記に説明した冷房運
転時の場合と同様に、性能のよい定常運転を行えるよう
にした構成となっている。During the heating operation, the first on-off valve a
While opening the sixth on-off valve f and the second check valve 16, the first auxiliary on-off valve a ′, and the sixth auxiliary on-off valve
f ′ and the first check valve 13 are closed, and the first suction pipe 7 is closed.
The refrigerant sucked into the compression unit 5 from the discharge chamber 3,
By sequentially passing through the second bypass passage 12, the electric motor chamber 4, the through hole, and the auxiliary discharge chamber 14, and discharging from the first discharge pipe 9, the compressor 1 has an internal high pressure type. Compared to the internal low-pressure type, the configuration is such that a high-performance steady operation can be performed as in the case of the cooling operation described above.

【００２２】以上の構成により、図１乃至図４で示すよ
うに、冷房運転時および暖房運転時に性能のよい定常運
転を行えるようになるとともに、とくに、暖房運転開始
時に、上記に説明した従来技術のように、前記圧縮部５
で高温となった冷媒温度が前記電動機室４で低下してし
まうということがなくなることにより、所謂立上り特性
を大幅に向上できるようにした空気調和装置となる。With the above configuration, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a high-performance steady-state operation can be performed during the cooling operation and the heating operation. In particular, at the time of starting the heating operation, the prior art described above is used. As shown in FIG.
By preventing the refrigerant temperature, which has become high in the above, from being lowered in the electric motor chamber 4, the air conditioner is capable of greatly improving the so-called rising characteristics.

【００２３】[0023]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
主として内部高圧型の圧縮機を用いた冷凍サイクルであ
って、とくに、暖房運転の立上り時の特性を高めた空気
調和装置となる。As described above, according to the present invention,
A refrigeration cycle mainly using an internal high-pressure type compressor, and particularly an air conditioner with improved characteristics at the start of heating operation.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】本発明による空気調和装置をなす冷凍サイクル
の図であり、第一の実施例における冷房運転の状態を示
す。FIG. 1 is a diagram of a refrigeration cycle constituting an air conditioner according to the present invention, showing a state of a cooling operation in a first embodiment.

【図２】本発明による空気調和装置をなす冷凍サイクル
の図であり、第一の実施例における暖房運転開始時の状
態を示す。FIG. 2 is a diagram of a refrigeration cycle constituting an air conditioner according to the present invention, showing a state at the time of starting a heating operation in the first embodiment.

【図３】本発明による空気調和装置をなす冷凍サイクル
の図であり、第一の実施例における暖房運転の状態を示
す。FIG. 3 is a diagram of a refrigeration cycle constituting an air conditioner according to the present invention, showing a state of a heating operation in the first embodiment.

【図４】第二の実施例として使用される圧縮機の断面図
である。FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a compressor used as a second embodiment.

【図５】従来例による空気調和装置をなす冷凍サイクル
の図で、（Ａ）は内部高圧型の圧縮機を使用した一例を
示し、（Ａ）は内部低圧型の圧縮機を使用した他の例を
示す。FIG. 5 is a diagram of a refrigeration cycle forming an air conditioner according to a conventional example, in which (A) shows an example using an internal high-pressure compressor, and (A) shows another example using an internal low-pressure compressor. Here is an example.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ 圧縮機 ２ 密閉容器 ３ 吐出室 ４ 電動機室 ５ 圧縮部 ６ 電動機 ７ 第一吸込管 ８ 第二吸込管 ９ 第一吐出管 10 第二吐出管 11 第一バイパス路 12，12' 第二バイパス路 13 第一逆止弁 14 補助吐出室 15 壁体 16 第二逆止弁 17 第三バイパス路 Ａ 四方弁 Ｂ 室外側熱交換器 Ｃ 膨張弁 Ｄ 室内側熱交換器 ａ 第一開閉弁 a' 第一補助開閉弁 ｂ 第二開閉弁 ｃ 第三開閉弁 c' 逆止弁 ｄ 第四開閉弁 ｅ 第五開閉弁 ｆ 第六開閉弁 f' 第六補助開閉弁 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor 2 Airtight container 3 Discharge chamber 4 Electric motor room 5 Compressor 6 Electric motor 7 First suction pipe 8 Second suction pipe 9 First discharge pipe 10 Second discharge pipe 11 First bypass path 12, 12 'Second bypass path 13 First check valve 14 Auxiliary discharge chamber 15 Wall 16 Second check valve 17 Third bypass path A Four-way valve B Outdoor heat exchanger C Expansion valve D Indoor heat exchanger a First open / close valve a ' One auxiliary on-off valve b Second on-off valve c Third on-off valve c 'Check valve d Fourth on-off valve e Fifth on-off valve f Sixth on-off valve f' Sixth auxiliary on-off valve

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 荒木 誠 川崎市高津区末長1116番地 株式会社富士 通ゼネラル内 (72)発明者 藤野 正樹 川崎市高津区末長1116番地 株式会社富士 通ゼネラル内 (72)発明者 嶋田 哲 川崎市高津区末長1116番地 株式会社富士 通ゼネラル内 (72)発明者 竹田 周司 川崎市高津区末長1116番地 株式会社富士 通ゼネラル内 (72)発明者 友田 裕基 川崎市高津区末長1116番地 株式会社富士 通ゼネラル内 (72)発明者 白石 満 川崎市高津区末長1116番地 株式会社富士 通ゼネラル内 (72)発明者 中村 圭一 川崎市高津区末長1116番地 株式会社富士 通ゼネラル内 (72)発明者 稲垣 雄史 川崎市高津区末長1116番地 株式会社富士 通ゼネラル内 Ｆターム(参考） 3H071 AA06 BB02 CC18 DD14 DD24 DD31 DD82 3L092 AA04 BA05 BA08 BA27 DA07 DA08 DA19 EA20 FA22 FA23 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Makoto Araki 1116 Suenaga, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki City Inside Fujitsu General Limited (72) Inventor Masaki Fujino 1116, Suenaga, Takatsu-ku Kawasaki City Inside Fujitsu General Limited (72) Inventor Satoshi Shimada 1116 Suenaga, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-shi Inside Fujitsu General Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shuji Takeda 1116, Suenaga, Takatsu-ku Kawasaki-shi Inc. Address Fujitsu General Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Mitsuru Shiraishi 1116 Suenaga, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki City Inside Fujitsu General Co., Ltd. Inventor Yushi Inagaki 1116 Suenaga, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-shi F-ter within Fujitsu General Limited 3H071 AA06 BB02 CC18 DD14 DD24 DD31 DD82 3L092 AA04 BA05 BA08 BA27 DA07 DA08 DA19 EA20 FA22 FA23

Claims (6)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 圧縮機と、四方弁と、室外側熱交換器
と、膨張弁と、室内側熱交換器とを順次連結し冷媒回路
を形成してなり、 前記圧縮機は密閉容器内に電動部と圧縮部とが配置さ
れ、同密閉容器内を気密な電動機室と吐出室とに区画
し、前記圧縮部に第一吸込管を、前記電動機室に第二吸
込管を夫々接続するとともに、前記電動機室に第一吐出
管を、前記吐出室に第二吐出管を夫々接続し、前記電動
機室と前記第一吸込管とを連通する第一バイパス路を設
けるとともに、前記電動機室と前記吐出室または前記第
二吐出管とを連通する第二バイパス路を設け、前記第一
吸込管に第一開閉弁を、前記第二吸込管に第二開閉弁
を、前記第一吐出管に第三開閉弁を、前記第二吐出管に
第四開閉弁を、前記第一バイパス路に第五開閉弁を、前
記第二バイパス路に第六開閉弁を夫々設け、 冷房運転時に、前記第一開閉弁と、前記第三開閉弁と、
前記第六開閉弁とを開放する一方、前記第二開閉弁と、
前記第四開閉弁と、前記第五開閉弁とを閉塞し、前記第
一吸込管から前記圧縮部に吸入された冷媒を、前記吐出
室、前記第二バイパス路、前記電動機室を順次経由し、
前記第一吐出管から吐き出すようにして前記圧縮機を内
部高圧型となし、 暖房運転開始時に、前記第二開閉弁と、前記第五開閉弁
と、前記第四開閉弁とを開放する一方、前記第一開閉弁
と、前記第三開閉弁と、前記第六開閉弁とを閉塞し、前
記第二吸込管、前記電動機室、前記第一バイパス路、前
記第一吸込管を順次経由して前記圧縮部に吸入された冷
媒を、前記吐出室を経由し前記第二吐出管から吐き出す
ようにして前記圧縮機を内部低圧型となし、 暖房運転時に、前記第一開閉弁と、前記第三開閉弁と、
前記第六開閉弁とを開放する一方、前記第二開閉弁と、
前記第四開閉弁と、前記第五開閉弁とを閉塞し、前記第
一吸込管から前記圧縮部に吸入された冷媒を、前記吐出
室、前記第二バイパス路、前記電動機室を順次経由し、
前記第一吐出管から吐き出すようにして前記圧縮機を内
部高圧型となしてなることを特徴とする空気調和装置。1. A refrigerant circuit is formed by sequentially connecting a compressor, a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an indoor heat exchanger to form a refrigerant circuit. An electric section and a compression section are arranged, and the inside of the closed container is partitioned into an airtight motor chamber and a discharge chamber, and a first suction pipe is connected to the compression section, and a second suction pipe is connected to the motor chamber, respectively. A first discharge pipe is connected to the motor chamber, a second discharge pipe is connected to the discharge chamber, and a first bypass path is provided for communicating the motor chamber and the first suction pipe. A second bypass path communicating with a discharge chamber or the second discharge pipe is provided, a first on-off valve is provided on the first suction pipe, a second on-off valve is provided on the second suction pipe, and a second on-off valve is provided on the first discharge pipe. A third on-off valve, a fourth on-off valve on the second discharge pipe, a fifth on-off valve on the first bypass passage, A sixth on-off valve provided respectively in the path path, during the cooling operation, and the first on-off valve, and the third on-off valve,
While opening the sixth on-off valve, the second on-off valve,
The fourth on-off valve and the fifth on-off valve are closed, and the refrigerant sucked into the compression section from the first suction pipe passes through the discharge chamber, the second bypass path, and the motor chamber sequentially. ,
The compressor is an internal high-pressure type so as to discharge from the first discharge pipe, and at the start of heating operation, while opening the second on-off valve, the fifth on-off valve, and the fourth on-off valve, The first on-off valve, the third on-off valve, and the sixth on-off valve are closed, and the second suction pipe, the electric motor room, the first bypass passage, and the first suction pipe are sequentially passed through. The compressor is an internal low-pressure type by discharging the refrigerant sucked into the compression section from the second discharge pipe through the discharge chamber. During the heating operation, the first on-off valve and the third An on-off valve,
While opening the sixth on-off valve, the second on-off valve,
The fourth on-off valve and the fifth on-off valve are closed, and the refrigerant sucked into the compression section from the first suction pipe passes through the discharge chamber, the second bypass path, and the motor chamber sequentially. ,
An air conditioner wherein the compressor is of an internal high pressure type so as to discharge from the first discharge pipe. 【請求項２】 前記第一開閉弁および、または前記第三
開閉弁と、前記第四開閉弁と、前記第五開閉弁と、前記
第六開閉弁とが夫々電磁弁からなることを特徴とする請
求項１に記載の空気調和機とその圧縮装置。2. The first on-off valve and / or the third on-off valve, the fourth on-off valve, the fifth on-off valve, and the sixth on-off valve each comprise an electromagnetic valve. The air conditioner according to claim 1 and a compression device thereof. 【請求項３】 前記第二開閉弁および、または前記第三
開閉弁が、逆止弁からなることを特徴とする請求項１ま
たは請求項２に記載の空気調和機とその圧縮装置。3. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the second on-off valve and / or the third on-off valve comprises a check valve. 【請求項４】 圧縮機と、四方弁と、室外側熱交換器
と、膨張弁と、室内側熱交換器とを順次連結し冷媒回路
を形成してなり、 前記圧縮機は密閉容器内に電動部と圧縮部とが配置さ
れ、同密閉容器内を気密な電動機室と吐出室と補助吐出
室とに区画し、前記圧縮部に第一吸込管を、前記電動機
室に第二吸込管および前記第一吸込管から分岐した分岐
管を夫々接続するとともに、前記補助吐出室に第一吐出
管を接続し、前記電動機室と前記吐出室とを連通する第
二バイパス路を設けるとともに、同第二バイパス路の前
記吐出室との接続部近傍と前記補助吐出室とを連通する
第三バイパス路を設け、前記第一吸込管に第一開閉弁
を、前記分岐管に第一補助開閉弁を、前記第二バイパス
路に第六開閉弁を、前記第三バイパス路に第六補助開閉
弁を夫々設け、前記電動機室に接続された前記第二吸込
管の先端部と、前記電動機室を区画した壁体に形成され
た透孔の前記補助吐出室側とに、第一逆止弁と第二逆止
弁とを夫々設け、 冷房運転時に、前記第一開閉弁と、前記第六開閉弁と、
前記第二逆止弁とを開放する一方、前記第一補助開閉弁
と、前記第六補助開閉弁と、前記第一逆止弁とを閉塞
し、前記第一吸込管から前記圧縮部に吸入された冷媒
を、前記吐出室、前記第二バイパス路、前記電動機室、
前記透孔、前記補助吐出室を順次経由し、前記第一吐出
管から吐き出すようにして前記圧縮機を内部高圧型とな
し、 暖房運転開始時に、前記第一補助開閉弁と、前記第六補
助開閉弁と、前記第一逆止弁とを開放する一方、前記第
一開閉弁と、前記第六開閉弁と、前記第二逆止弁とを閉
塞し、前記第二吸込管、前記電動機室、前記分岐路、前
記第一吸込管を順次経由して前記圧縮部に吸入された冷
媒を、前記吐出室、前記第三バイパス路、前記補助吐出
室を経由し前記第一吐出管から吐き出すようにして前記
圧縮機を内部低圧型となし、 暖房運転時に、前記第一開閉弁と、前記第六開閉弁と、
前記第二逆止弁とを開放する一方、前記第一補助開閉弁
と、前記第六補助開閉弁と、前記第一逆止弁とを閉塞
し、前記第一吸込管から前記圧縮部に吸入された冷媒
を、前記吐出室、前記第二バイパス路、前記電動機室、
前記透孔、前記補助吐出室を順次経由し、前記第一吐出
管から吐き出すようにして前記圧縮機を内部高圧型とな
してなることを特徴とする空気調和装置。4. A refrigerant circuit is formed by sequentially connecting a compressor, a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an indoor heat exchanger to form a refrigerant circuit. An electric section and a compression section are arranged, and the inside of the closed container is partitioned into an airtight motor chamber, a discharge chamber, and an auxiliary discharge chamber, a first suction pipe in the compression section, and a second suction pipe in the motor chamber. Along with connecting branch pipes branched from the first suction pipe respectively, a first discharge pipe is connected to the auxiliary discharge chamber, and a second bypass path communicating the motor chamber and the discharge chamber is provided. Providing a third bypass passage communicating between the auxiliary discharge chamber and the vicinity of the connection portion of the two bypass passages with the discharge chamber, a first on-off valve on the first suction pipe, and a first on-off valve on the branch pipe. And a sixth on-off valve in the second bypass passage and a sixth auxiliary on-off valve in the third bypass passage. A first check valve and a second check valve are provided at a distal end of the second suction pipe connected to the motor chamber and at a side of the auxiliary discharge chamber of a through hole formed in a wall defining the motor chamber. A check valve, respectively, during the cooling operation, the first on-off valve, the sixth on-off valve,
While opening the second check valve, the first auxiliary on-off valve, the sixth auxiliary on-off valve, and the first check valve are closed, and the first suction pipe is sucked into the compression section from the first suction pipe. The discharged refrigerant, the discharge chamber, the second bypass passage, the motor room,
The compressor is an internal high-pressure type by sequentially discharging through the through-hole and the auxiliary discharge chamber and discharging from the first discharge pipe. At the start of the heating operation, the first auxiliary on-off valve and the sixth auxiliary The on-off valve and the first check valve are opened, while the first on-off valve, the sixth on-off valve, and the second check valve are closed, and the second suction pipe and the motor chamber are closed. The refrigerant sucked into the compression section via the branch path and the first suction pipe sequentially is discharged from the first discharge pipe via the discharge chamber, the third bypass path, and the auxiliary discharge chamber. The compressor is an internal low pressure type, and during the heating operation, the first on-off valve, the sixth on-off valve,
While opening the second check valve, the first auxiliary on-off valve, the sixth auxiliary on-off valve, and the first check valve are closed, and the first suction pipe is sucked into the compression section from the first suction pipe. The discharged refrigerant, the discharge chamber, the second bypass passage, the motor room,
An air conditioner wherein the compressor is an internal high-pressure type so as to discharge through the first discharge pipe through the through-hole and the auxiliary discharge chamber in order. 【請求項５】前記第一補助開閉弁は、前記第一開閉弁が
開放するのに連動して閉塞し、閉塞するのに連動して開
放するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の空
気調和装置。5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first auxiliary on-off valve is closed in conjunction with the opening of the first on-off valve, and is opened in conjunction with the closing. The air conditioner according to any one of the preceding claims. 【請求項６】前記第六補助開閉弁は、前記第六開閉弁が
開放するのに連動して閉塞し、閉塞するのに連動して開
放するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の空
気調和装置。6. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the sixth auxiliary on-off valve is closed in conjunction with the opening of the sixth on-off valve, and is opened in conjunction with the closing. The air conditioner according to any one of the preceding claims.