JP2000048617A - Light guide plate, surface light source device and reflective liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Light guide plate, surface light source device and reflective liquid crystal display device

Info

Publication number
JP2000048617A
JP2000048617A JP10228705A JP22870598A JP2000048617A JP 2000048617 A JP2000048617 A JP 2000048617A JP 10228705 A JP10228705 A JP 10228705A JP 22870598 A JP22870598 A JP 22870598A JP 2000048617 A JP2000048617 A JP 2000048617A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
light
guide plate
light guide
liquid crystal
light source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP10228705A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Seiji Umemoto
清司 梅本
Shuji Yano
周治 矢野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nitto Denko Corp
Original Assignee
Nitto Denko Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nitto Denko Corp filed Critical Nitto Denko Corp
Priority to JP10228705A priority Critical patent/JP2000048617A/en
Priority to DE69930025T priority patent/DE69930025T2/en
Priority to EP99107671A priority patent/EP0950851B1/en
Priority to KR1019990013466A priority patent/KR100634712B1/en
Priority to TW088106175A priority patent/TW521137B/en
Priority to US09/293,990 priority patent/US6196692B1/en
Publication of JP2000048617A publication Critical patent/JP2000048617A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133616Front illuminating devices

Landscapes

  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reflective liquid crystal display device having excellent contrast on visual recognition in the time of light-on and light-off, excellent brightness of display, and preventing displayed images through a light guide plate from being disturbed, to clear them, further preventing lowering of visual visibility of the displayed images caused by a moire phenomenon, and to provide a light guide plate and a surface light source device constituting the reflective liquid crystal display device. SOLUTION: In this light guide plate 1, the incoming light from an incoming side surface 13 outgoes from an under surface 12 through a light outgoing means formed on the upper surface 11, and the incoming light from the under surface 12 is passed through the upper surface 11, further a reflection preventive layer 2a is formed on the upper surface 11. The surface light source device has a light source on the incoming side surface 13 of the light guide plate 1. The reflective liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal cell equipped with a reflective layer on the under surface side of the surface light source device.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の技術分野】本発明は、明るくて見易い反射型液
晶表示装置を形成しうる導光板、及びそれを用いた光の
有効利用効率に優れる面光源装置に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a light guide plate capable of forming a reflective liquid crystal display device which is bright and easy to see, and a surface light source device using the light guide plate which is excellent in effective light use efficiency.

【0002】[0002]

【発明の背景】反射型液晶表示装置の暗部等での視認を
可能とする照明装置が求められている中、本発明者らは
透過型液晶表示装置で使用のバックライトを液晶セルの
視認側に配置するフロントライトシステムの適用を試み
た。かかるバックライトは、側面からの入射光を光出射
手段を介し上下面の一方より出射する導光板を使用した
ものであり、フロントライトシステムではその導光板を
介して表示内容を視認することとなる。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION While there is a demand for an illumination device capable of visually recognizing a reflection-type liquid crystal display device in a dark part or the like, the present inventors have proposed a backlight used in a transmission-type liquid crystal display device with a viewing side of a liquid crystal cell. We tried to apply a front light system to be installed in a room. Such a backlight uses a light guide plate that emits incident light from a side surface through one of upper and lower surfaces through a light emitting unit, and in a front light system, display contents are visually recognized through the light guide plate. .

【0003】しかしながら、従来の導光板を用いたバッ
クライトでは、点灯時におけるコントラスト不足や非点
灯時における明るさ不足、表示の乱れなどを生じて実用
の困難なことが判明した。ちなみに拡散ドットや微細凹
凸を光出射手段とする導光板使用のものでは、ドット等
による透過光の乱反射や外光の表面での乱反射などによ
り点灯時の視認でコントラストに乏しく、また室内照明
等の外光による非点灯時の視認にてもコントラストに乏
しくて表示の明るさにも乏しいと共に、導光板を介した
表示像が著しく乱れて明瞭さに乏しい問題を発生する。
However, it has been found that a conventional backlight using a light guide plate is difficult to be practically used due to insufficient contrast at the time of lighting, insufficient brightness at the time of non-lighting, disturbance of display, and the like. By the way, in the case of using a light guide plate with diffused dots or fine irregularities as the light emitting means, the contrast is poor at the time of lighting due to irregular reflection of transmitted light by dots etc. and irregular reflection on the surface of external light. Even when the display is not lit by external light, the contrast is poor and the display brightness is poor, and the display image through the light guide plate is significantly disturbed, resulting in poor clarity.

【0004】一方、傾斜角が45度の斜面と0度のフラ
ット面からなる階段状のプリズム構造を光出射手段とす
る導光板(特開昭62−73206号公報)を使用した
ものでも、点灯時の視認でコントラストに乏しく、表示
の明るさにも乏しい問題を発生する。また上面から視認
した場合に、導光板の下面にて液晶セル等に入射するこ
となく反射した光が上面からの漏れ光となり、その漏れ
光や導光板上面での反射光が点灯時及び非点灯時のいず
れの場合にも表示像と重複して白呆けの発生やコントラ
スト低下の原因となり、視認性を低下させる問題点もあ
った。
On the other hand, even when a light guide plate (JP-A-62-73206) using a stair-like prism structure having a 45-degree inclined surface and a 0-degree flat surface as a light emitting means is used, the light is turned on. A problem arises in that the contrast is poor at the time of visual recognition and the display brightness is also poor. Also, when viewed from above, the light reflected from the lower surface of the light guide plate without entering the liquid crystal cell or the like becomes leak light from the upper surface, and the leak light or the reflected light from the upper surface of the light guide plate is turned on and off. In any case, the display image overlaps with the displayed image, causing white spots and lowering the contrast.

【0005】さらに表面での反射は、鏡効果を生じて外
光の映り込みによるゴースト現象を生じ、表示像の視認
を阻害する原因ともなる。加えてプリズム構造、特にそ
の頂点近傍が損傷しやすく、その損傷部が散乱点等の輝
点や暗点となって視認されやすく、表示像の視認を阻害
する問題を生じる。
Further, the reflection on the surface causes a mirror effect to cause a ghost phenomenon due to reflection of external light, which is a cause of obstructing the visual recognition of a displayed image. In addition, the prism structure, especially the vicinity of the apex, is easily damaged, and the damaged portion becomes a bright spot such as a scattering point or a dark spot and is easily visually recognized, thereby causing a problem of obstructing the visual recognition of a display image.

【0006】[0006]

【発明の技術的課題】従って本発明は、非点灯時及び点
灯時の視認におけるコントラストに優れ、表示の明るさ
にも優れると共に、導光板を介した表示像が乱れにくく
て明瞭性に優れ、モアレ現象による表示像の視認低下も
生じにくい反射型液晶表示装置、並びにそれを形成しう
る導光板や面光源装置の開発を課題とする。
Therefore, the present invention is excellent in contrast in visual recognition at the time of non-lighting and at the time of lighting, excellent in brightness of display, and excellent in clarity because the display image through the light guide plate is hardly disturbed. It is an object of the present invention to develop a reflection-type liquid crystal display device in which the visibility of a display image is not easily reduced due to the moiré phenomenon, and a light guide plate and a surface light source device capable of forming the same.

【0007】[0007]

【課題の解決手段】本発明は、入射側面からの入射光を
上面に形成した光出射手段を介して下面より出射し、そ
の下面からの入射光が上面より透過すると共に、前記上
面に反射防止層を有することを特徴とする導光板、及び
その導光板の入射側面に光源を有することを特徴とする
面光源装置、並びにその面光源装置における下面側に反
射層を具備する液晶セルを有することを特徴とする反射
型液晶表示装置を提供するものである。
According to the present invention, an incident light from an incident side is emitted from a lower surface through a light emitting means formed on an upper surface, the incident light from the lower surface is transmitted from the upper surface, and the upper surface is prevented from being reflected. A light guide plate having a layer, a surface light source device having a light source on an incident side surface of the light guide plate, and a liquid crystal cell having a reflective layer on a lower surface side of the surface light source device The present invention provides a reflective liquid crystal display device characterized by the following.

【0008】[0008]

【発明の効果】本発明によれば、上面に設けた反射防止
層が導光板表面での反射を抑制し、液晶セルによる表示
像の白呆けやコントラストの低下を抑制でき、また鏡効
果によるゴースト現象も抑制して、点灯時及び非点灯時
のいずれの場合にも良好な視認性を達成することができ
る。さらに導光板の下面にも反射防止層を設けた場合に
は導光板下面で反射して上面からの漏れ光となる光も抑
制でき、液晶セル表示像との重複を抑制してより白呆け
やコントラストの低下のない良好な視認性を達成するこ
とができる。ちなみに図8に仮想線にて例示した如く、
導光板1の上下面による各面での反射率は、外部入射光
ε及び導光板出射光δのいずれの場合にもアクリル系樹
脂では約4%が予測され、白呆けやコントラストに与え
る影響が大きい。加えて反射防止層に表面保護機能をも
たせることも容易で、そのときには上面の光出射手段の
損傷を防止でき、表示特性の長期持続性に優れるものと
することができ、頂部等が損傷しやすいプリズム状の光
出射手段等の場合に特に有利に適用することができる。
According to the present invention, the antireflection layer provided on the upper surface suppresses the reflection on the surface of the light guide plate, suppresses the whitening of the display image by the liquid crystal cell and lowering of the contrast, and the ghost due to the mirror effect. Phenomena can be suppressed, and good visibility can be achieved in both cases of lighting and non-lighting. Furthermore, when an anti-reflection layer is also provided on the lower surface of the light guide plate, light reflected on the lower surface of the light guide plate and leaking light from the upper surface can also be suppressed, and overlapping with the display image of the liquid crystal cell can be suppressed, so that white spots and white spots can be suppressed. Good visibility without a decrease in contrast can be achieved. By the way, as exemplified by the virtual line in FIG.
The reflectivity of the upper and lower surfaces of the light guide plate 1 on each surface is estimated to be about 4% in the case of the acrylic resin in both the case of the external incident light ε and the light guide plate output light δ. large. In addition, it is also easy to provide the antireflection layer with a surface protection function. At that time, it is possible to prevent the light emitting means on the upper surface from being damaged, and to have excellent long-term display characteristics, and to easily damage the top and the like. It can be applied particularly advantageously to the case of a prism-shaped light emitting means or the like.

【0009】また本発明によれば、下面出射光が垂直方
向への指向性に優れ、かつ上面よりの漏れ光が表示像と
重複しにくい導光板を得ることができ、それを用いて光
の有効利用効率に優れる面光源装置を得ることができ
て、非点灯時及び点灯時の視認におけるコントラストに
優れ、表示の明るさにも優れると共に、導光板を介した
表示像が乱れにくくて明瞭性に優れ、光出射手段による
モアレ現象も生じにくくて表示品位に優れる反射型液晶
表示装置を得ることができる。
Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a light guide plate in which light emitted from the lower surface has excellent directivity in the vertical direction and light leaked from the upper surface is less likely to overlap with a display image. It is possible to obtain a surface light source device with excellent effective use efficiency, excellent contrast in visual recognition when not lit and when lit, excellent brightness of display, and clarity because the display image through the light guide plate is hardly disturbed. Thus, a reflection type liquid crystal display device which is excellent in display quality and excellent in display quality by hardly causing a moire phenomenon by the light emitting means can be obtained.

【0010】前記の作用効果は、導光板に特殊な特性を
付与することに基づく。すなわち本発明者らは、上記の
課題を克服するために鋭意研究を重ねる中で、上記した
従来の拡散ドットや微細凹凸を光出射手段とする導光板
では、図9、図10に示した如く、導光板18の光出射
手段による散乱で側面より入射した伝送光はほぼ全方位
に発散し、その散乱特性により下面よりの出射光α1
上面からの漏れ光β3も下面に対する法線(正面方向)
Hに対し約60度の方向θ4に最大強度B,bを示し、
その強度もほぼ同じであるため、視認に有効な方向、特
に前記法線を基準に縦方向の上方約15度〜下方約30
度及び横方向の左右約30度の視角範囲における光量が
少なくて表示の明るさに乏しくなり、また表示像を形成
する下面よりの出射光α2が上面からの漏れ光β4と重複
してコントラストに乏しくなると共に、非点灯時では前
記の散乱光γ2による表示像の白呆けでコントラストに
乏しくなり、導光板による散乱で表示光γ1,γ3が混交
して表示像を著しく乱すことを究明した。
The above operation and effect are based on imparting special characteristics to the light guide plate. In other words, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to overcome the above-mentioned problems, and found that the conventional light guide plate using the above-mentioned diffusion dots and fine irregularities as light emitting means as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. The transmitted light incident from the side surface due to scattering by the light emitting means of the light guide plate 18 diverges in almost all directions, and due to its scattering characteristics, both the emitted light α 1 from the lower surface and the leaked light β 3 from the upper surface are normal to the lower surface ( Front direction)
The maximum intensity B, b in the direction θ 4 of about 60 degrees with respect to H,
Since the strength is almost the same, a direction effective for visual recognition, particularly, about 15 degrees upward to about 30 degrees downward in the vertical direction based on the normal line.
Less amount of light in degrees and the viewing angle range of the left and right about 30 degrees in the lateral direction becomes poor brightness of the display, also the emitted light alpha 2 of the lower surface for forming a display image overlaps the leakage light beta 4 from the upper surface together becomes poor contrast, at the time of non-lighting becomes poor contrast in white blurring of the display image due to scattered light gamma 2 of the display optical gamma 1 by scattering by the light guide plate, gamma 3 be considerably disturb displayed images and promiscuous Was determined.

【0011】また特開昭62−73206号公報による
プリズム式光出射手段を有する導光板にても、前記と同
様に上面からの漏れ光が多くてそれが表示像を形成する
下面からの出射光と重複してコントラストを低下させ、
また出射角度の大きい出射光が多くて視認に有効な方向
の光量が少なく、表示の明るさを低下させて表示品位の
低下問題を発生させることを究明した。
Also in the light guide plate having a prism type light emitting means disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-73206, light leaking from the upper surface is large similarly to the above, and the light emitted from the lower surface forms a display image. Overlap with and reduce contrast,
In addition, it has been found that the amount of emitted light having a large emission angle is large and the amount of light in a direction effective for visual recognition is small, and the brightness of the display is reduced to cause a problem of deterioration in display quality.

【0012】従って明るくて明瞭な表示像の形成には、
側面からの入射光が下面より指向性よく、就中、図4に
例示の如く下面に対する法線Hの方向に可及的に近い角
度θ3で、特に前記の視角範囲において集光性よく出射
Aする導光板であることが求められる。反射型液晶表示
装置では通例、平均拡散角度が5〜15度程度の粗面系
反射層を介して表示の均一化と明確化を図っており、反
射層に大きい角度で入射する光が多いと(図9:B,図
10:α1)、視認に有効な方向の光量が減少して明る
い表示が困難となり、また大きい角度の視認には表示の
反転が生じ易く、電界複屈折型の表示では色変化が大き
くなるなどの問題も発生しやすくなる。
Therefore, to form a bright and clear display image,
The incident light from the side surface is more directional than the lower surface, and is emitted at an angle θ 3 as close as possible to the direction of the normal H to the lower surface as illustrated in FIG. A light guide plate is required. In a reflection type liquid crystal display device, display is generally made uniform and clear through a rough surface reflection layer having an average diffusion angle of about 5 to 15 degrees, and when a large amount of light is incident on the reflection layer at a large angle. (FIG. 9: B, FIG. 10: α 1 ), the amount of light in a direction effective for viewing is reduced, and bright display becomes difficult. In addition, when viewing at a large angle, the display is easily inverted. In this case, problems such as a large change in color are likely to occur.

【0013】またコントラストの向上には、図4に例示
の如く上面からの漏れ光aが表示像を形成する下面から
の出射光Aと可及的に重複しないこと、特に前記の視角
範囲での重複が可及的に少ないことが求められる。反射
型液晶表示装置では、通例1:5〜1:20のコントラ
スト比であるから、漏れ光と表示像の重複がコントラス
ト比に与える影響は上記した表面反射と同様に大きい。
In order to improve the contrast, as shown in FIG. 4, leakage light a from the upper surface does not overlap as much as possible light A from the lower surface forming a display image, especially in the above-mentioned viewing angle range. It is required that the duplication is as small as possible. In a reflection type liquid crystal display device, since the contrast ratio is usually 1: 5 to 1:20, the influence of the overlap between the leaked light and the displayed image on the contrast ratio is as large as the above-described surface reflection.

【0014】さらに表示像を乱すことの防止には、上面
から下面及び下面から上面に透過する光が可及的に散乱
されないことが求められる。反射型液晶表示装置に設け
るフロントライトは、暗所での視認を可能とする補助光
源であり、本来は消費電力の低減を目的とした室内光や
自然光等の外光の利用による視認であるから、その本来
の非点灯状態で導光板により外光の入射が阻害されると
表示が暗くなるし、導光板で散乱を生じると表面白化に
よるコントラストの低下や、表示像の混交等による乱れ
が生じることとなる。
Further, in order to prevent a display image from being disturbed, it is required that light transmitted from the upper surface to the lower surface and light transmitted from the lower surface to the upper surface are not scattered as much as possible. The front light provided in the reflection type liquid crystal display device is an auxiliary light source that enables visual recognition in a dark place, and is originally viewed using external light such as room light or natural light for the purpose of reducing power consumption. In the original non-lighting state, the display becomes dark if external light is impeded by the light guide plate, and if light is scattered by the light guide plate, the contrast is reduced due to surface whitening, and the display image is disturbed due to mixing and the like. It will be.

【0015】加えて表示品位をより向上させる点より
は、モアレを生じない明瞭な表示の達成が望まれ、液晶
表示装置の画素ピッチは、100〜300μmが一般的
であるから、導光板の透過光に対する影響を可及的に抑
制して、ピッチが100μm程度の情報を明瞭に視認で
きて、画素との干渉によるモアレを抑制した良好な表示
品位が望まれる。
In addition, it is desired to achieve a clear display free from moiré rather than to further improve the display quality. Since the pixel pitch of a liquid crystal display device is generally 100 to 300 μm, the transmission of light through a light guide plate is desired. It is desired to have a good display quality in which the influence on light can be suppressed as much as possible, and information having a pitch of about 100 μm can be clearly recognized, and moire caused by interference with pixels is suppressed.

【0016】[0016]

【発明の実施形態】本発明による導光板は、入射側面か
らの入射光を上面に形成した光出射手段を介して下面よ
り出射し、その下面からの入射光が上面より透過すると
共に、前記上面に反射防止層を有し、必要に応じ前記下
面にも反射防止層を有するものである。その例を図1、
図2(a)〜(c)に示した。1が導光板で、11,1
6,17が光出射手段を形成した上面、12が光出射側
となる下面、13が入射側面であり、14は横側面、1
5は入射側面に対する対向端である。また2aが上面1
1,16,17に、2bが下面12に設けた反射防止層
である。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A light guide plate according to the present invention emits incident light from an incident side surface from a lower surface through a light emitting means formed on an upper surface, and allows incident light from the lower surface to pass through the upper surface and the upper surface. And an anti-reflection layer if necessary. An example is shown in FIG.
2 (a) to 2 (c). 1 is a light guide plate and 11, 1
Reference numerals 6 and 17 denote upper surfaces on which light emitting means are formed, 12 denotes a lower surface on the light emitting side, 13 denotes an incident side surface, 14 denotes a lateral side surface, and 1 denotes a lateral side surface.
Reference numeral 5 denotes an end facing the incident side surface. 2a is the upper surface 1
Reference numerals 1, 16 and 17 denote an antireflection layer 2 b provided on the lower surface 12.

【0017】本発明による導光板は、前記の如く入射側
面からの入射光を上面に形成した光出射手段を介して下
面より出射するものであり、一般に上面、それに対向す
る下面、及び上下面間の側面からなる入射側面を有する
板状物よりなる。板状物は、同厚板等でもよいが、好ま
しくは図例の如く、入射側面13に対向する対向端15
の厚さが入射側面のそれよりも薄いもの、就中50%以
下の厚さとしたものである。
The light guide plate according to the present invention emits the incident light from the incident side surface from the lower surface through the light emitting means formed on the upper surface as described above. Generally, the upper surface, the lower surface opposed thereto, and the upper and lower surfaces And a plate-like object having an incident side surface composed of The plate-like object may be the same thick plate or the like, but preferably, as shown in FIG.
Has a thickness smaller than that of the incident side surface, especially 50% or less.

【0018】前記対向端の薄厚化により、図3、図4に
示した太矢印の如く、入射側面より入射した光が対向端
に至るまでに、上面に形成した光出射手段に効率よく入
射し、反射等を介し下面より出射して入射光を目的面に
効率よく供給でき、また導光板を軽量化することができ
る利点などがある。ちなみに、上面が図2aの如き直線
面の場合、均一厚の導光板の約75%の重量とすること
ができる。
By reducing the thickness of the opposite end, as shown by the thick arrows in FIGS. 3 and 4, light incident from the incident side surface efficiently enters the light emitting means formed on the upper surface before reaching the opposite end. There is an advantage that the incident light emitted from the lower surface through reflection or the like can be efficiently supplied to the target surface, and the light guide plate can be reduced in weight. Incidentally, when the upper surface is a straight surface as shown in FIG. 2A, the weight can be about 75% of the light guide plate having a uniform thickness.

【0019】導光板は、上記の出射特性を示すものであ
ればよい。従って前記した板状物の上面に設ける光出射
手段は、かかる特性を示す適宜なものにて形成しうる
が、垂直方向への指向性に優れる下面からの出射光を得
る点などよりはプリズム状凸凹からなる光出射手段が好
ましい。
The light guide plate may have any of the above-mentioned emission characteristics. Therefore, the light emitting means provided on the upper surface of the above-mentioned plate-like object can be formed of an appropriate means exhibiting such characteristics, but is more prismatic than the point of obtaining emitted light from the lower surface which has excellent directivity in the vertical direction. Light emitting means having irregularities is preferable.

【0020】前記のプリズム状凸凹は、等辺面からなる
凸部又は凹部にても形成しうるが、光の利用効率などの
点よりは短辺面と長辺面からなる凸部又は凹部にて形成
することが好ましい。そのプリズム状凸凹の例を図3
(a),(b)に示した。20aが凸部、20bが凹部
であり、21,23が短辺面,22,24が長辺面であ
る。なお凸部又は凹部は、短辺面及び長辺面等とその形
成面との交点を結ぶ直線に基づき、短辺面及び長辺面等
の交点(頂点)が当該直線よりも突出しているか
(凸)、窪んでいるか(凹)による。
The above-mentioned prismatic irregularities can be formed in a convex portion or a concave portion having an equilateral surface. However, from the viewpoint of light use efficiency and the like, a convex portion or a concave portion composed of a short side surface and a long side surface is used. Preferably, it is formed. An example of the prismatic irregularities is shown in FIG.
(A) and (b). 20a is a convex portion, 20b is a concave portion, 21 and 23 are short side surfaces, and 22 and 24 are long side surfaces. The convex or concave portion is based on a straight line connecting the intersections of the short side surface and the long side surface and the like with the formation surface, and whether the intersection (vertex) of the short side surface and the long side surface protrudes from the straight line ( It depends on whether it is convex or concave.

【0021】すなわち図3に例示のものに基づく場合、
凸部20a又は凹部20bを形成する短辺面と長辺面
(21と22又は23と24)の形成面との交点を結ぶ
仮想線で示した直線20に基づき、短辺面と長辺面の交
点(頂点)が当該直線20よりも突出しているか
(凸)、窪んでいるか(凹)による。
That is, based on the example shown in FIG.
The short side surface and the long side surface are based on a straight line 20 indicated by an imaginary line connecting the intersection of the short side surface forming the convex portion 20a or the concave portion 20b and the long side surface (21 and 22 or 23 and 24). Depends on whether the point of intersection (vertex) of the is protruding (convex) or depressed (concave) from the straight line 20.

【0022】導光板の上面からの漏れ光と下面からの出
射光による表示像との重複によるコントラストの低下を
防止する点などより好ましい導光板は、図4に例示した
如く入射側面13よりの入射光(太矢印)の下面12よ
りの出射光における最大強度Aの方向θ3が、下面の基
準平面に対する法線Hに対して30度以内にあり、かつ
前記30度以内の方向における上面からの漏れ光の最大
強度が下面における前記最大強度Aの1/5以下のもの
である。前記方向の上面からの漏れ光は、反射層を介し
た最大強度Aを示す下面からの光の反射光と重複しやす
く、前記の上面漏れ光/下面出射光の最大強度比が大き
いと表示像の強さを相対的に減殺しやすく、コントラス
トを低下させやすい。
A more preferable light guide plate, such as one that prevents a decrease in contrast due to overlapping of a display image due to light leaked from the upper surface and light emitted from the lower surface of the light guide plate, is incident on the incident side surface 13 as illustrated in FIG. The direction θ 3 of the maximum intensity A of the light (thick arrow) emitted from the lower surface 12 is within 30 degrees with respect to the normal H to the reference plane of the lower surface, and from the upper surface in the direction within 30 degrees. The maximum intensity of the leak light is 1/5 or less of the maximum intensity A on the lower surface. The light leaking from the upper surface in the above direction easily overlaps with the reflected light of the light from the lower surface showing the maximum intensity A via the reflective layer. Is relatively easy to reduce, and the contrast is easily lowered.

【0023】反射型液晶表示装置とした場合の明るさや
コントラスト等の表示品位の向上などの点よりさらに好
ましい導光板は、図4の如く入射側面13と下面12の
両基準平面に対する垂直面内(図上の断面)において前
記θ3が30度以内、就中25度以内、特に20度以内
にあるものである。
A light guide plate which is more preferable from the viewpoint of improvement in display quality such as brightness and contrast in the case of a reflection type liquid crystal display device is provided in a plane perpendicular to both reference planes of the incident side surface 13 and the lower surface 12 as shown in FIG. Θ 3 is within 30 degrees, particularly within 25 degrees, particularly within 20 degrees.

【0024】また、前記の法線Hを基準に入射側面13
の側を負方向としたとき、最大強度Aの方向と同じ角度
θ3の上面11からの漏れ光aの強度が当該最大強度A
の1/10以下、就中1/15以下、特に1/20以下
であるものである。当該漏れ光aは、最大強度Aを示す
光の正反射方向と重複するため、前記a/Aの値が大き
いと表示像の強さを相対的に減殺し、コントラストを低
下させる。
Further, based on the normal H, the incident side surface 13
Is the negative direction, the intensity of the leaked light a from the upper surface 11 at the same angle θ 3 as the direction of the maximum intensity A is the maximum intensity A
Is 1/10 or less, especially 1/15 or less, especially 1/20 or less. Since the leaked light a overlaps with the specular reflection direction of the light having the maximum intensity A, if the value of a / A is large, the intensity of the display image is relatively reduced, and the contrast is reduced.

【0025】前記a/Aの低下の点などよりは、前記の
最大強度A方向の輝度に対して下面出射光の法線H方向
の輝度が60%以下であり、法線Hを基準とした立体角
30度以内における前記上面からの漏れ光の量が下面か
らの光量の1/8以下、就中1/10以下、特に1/2
0以下の特性を示す導光板であることが好ましい。
The luminance in the direction of the normal line H of the bottom emission light is 60% or less of the luminance in the direction of the maximum intensity A, because of the decrease in the a / A. The amount of light leaking from the upper surface within a solid angle of 30 degrees is 1/8 or less, preferably 1/10 or less, particularly 1/2 of the light amount from the lower surface.
It is preferable that the light guide plate has a characteristic of 0 or less.

【0026】上記した最大強度方向や最大強度/漏れ光
強度比等の特性を達成する点などより好ましい光出射手
段は、図3に例示した如く下面12の基準平面に対する
傾斜角が30〜45度の短辺面(θ1)と0超〜10度
の長辺面(θ2)からなるプリズム状凸凹(20a又は
20b)の繰返し構造よりなるものである。
A more preferable light emitting means, such as achieving the characteristics such as the maximum intensity direction and the maximum intensity / leakage light intensity ratio, has an inclination angle of the lower surface 12 with respect to the reference plane of 30 to 45 degrees as illustrated in FIG. , And a prism-shaped irregularity (20a or 20b) composed of a short side surface (θ 1 ) and a long side surface (θ 2 ) of more than 0 to 10 degrees.

【0027】前記において、入射側面(13)の側より
対向端(15)の側に下り傾斜する斜面として形成した
短辺面21,23は、側面よりの入射光の内、その面に
入射する光を反射して下面(光出射面)に供給する役割
をする。その場合、短辺面の傾斜角θ1を30〜45度
とすることにより図3に折線矢印で例示した如く、伝送
光を下面に対し垂直性よく反射して図4の如く下面の法
線Hに対し30度以内に最大強度Aの方向θ3を示す下
面出射光が効率よく得られる。当該傾斜角θ1が30度
未満では最大強度Aの方向θ3が法線Hに対して大きく
なり、また導光板内部での伝送角が大きくなって導光板
より出射できない光が増大しやすく、45度を超えると
上面よりの漏れ光が増大しやすくて、表示品位を低下さ
せやすい。
In the above description, the short side surfaces 21 and 23 formed as slopes inclined downward from the side of the incident side surface (13) to the side of the facing end (15) enter the surface out of the incident light from the side surface. It serves to reflect light and supply it to the lower surface (light emitting surface). In this case, as illustrated by a broken line arrow in FIG. 3 by the inclination angle theta 1 to 30-45 degrees narrow side, the normal of the lower surface as shown in FIG. 4 reflects good perpendicularity to the lower surface of the transmission light The bottom emission light showing the direction θ 3 of the maximum intensity A within 30 degrees with respect to H can be obtained efficiently. If the inclination angle θ 1 is less than 30 degrees, the direction θ 3 of the maximum intensity A becomes larger with respect to the normal H, and the light that cannot be emitted from the light guide plate tends to increase because the transmission angle inside the light guide plate increases, If the angle exceeds 45 degrees, the amount of light leaking from the upper surface tends to increase, and the display quality tends to deteriorate.

【0028】漏れ光の抑制やそれによる視認妨害の抑制
等の前記性能などの点より短辺面の好ましい傾斜角θ1
は、導光板内部を伝送される光のスネルの法則による屈
折に基づく全反射条件が一般に±41.8度であること
などを考慮して32〜43度、就中35〜42度であ
る。
A preferable inclination angle θ 1 of the short side surface from the viewpoint of the above-mentioned performances such as the suppression of the leakage light and the suppression of the obstruction caused by the visual observation.
Is 32 to 43 degrees, especially 35 to 42 degrees, considering that the total reflection condition based on the refraction of light transmitted inside the light guide plate based on Snell's law is generally ± 41.8 degrees.

【0029】一方、長辺面は、それに入射する伝送光を
反射して短辺面に供給すると共に、反射型液晶表示装置
とした場合に液晶セルからの表示像を透過させることを
目的とする。かかる点より、下面の基準平面(12)に
対する長辺面の傾斜角θ2は、0超〜10度であること
が好ましい。
On the other hand, the long side surface is intended to reflect the transmission light incident thereon and supply it to the short side surface, and to transmit a display image from a liquid crystal cell in the case of a reflection type liquid crystal display device. . From this point, the inclination angle theta 2 of the long side surfaces with respect to the lower surface of the reference plane (12) is preferably 0 super 10 degrees.

【0030】前記により、図3に折線矢印で例示した如
く、当該傾斜角θ2より大きい角度の伝送光が長辺面2
2,24に入射して反射され、その場合に当該長辺面の
傾斜角に基づいて下面12により平行な角度で反射され
て短辺面21,23に入射し、反射されて下面12より
前記平行化により良好に集束されて出射する。
[0030] The above as illustrated by a broken line arrow in FIG. 3, the transmitted light of the inclined angle theta 2 is greater than the angle Nagahenmen 2
In this case, the light is reflected by the lower surface 12 at a parallel angle based on the inclination angle of the long side surface, is incident on the short side surfaces 21 and 23, is reflected, and is reflected by the lower surface 12. The beam is well focused and emitted by the parallelization.

【0031】前記の結果、短辺面に直接入射する伝送光
に加えて、長辺面に入射してその反射を介し短辺面に入
射する伝送光もその短辺面を介した反射にて下面に供給
することができ、その分の光利用効率の向上をはかりう
ると共に、長辺面で反射されて短辺面に入射する光の入
射角を一定化でき、反射角のバラツキを抑制できて出射
光の平行集光化をはかることができる。従って、上記し
た短辺面と長辺面の当該傾斜角を調節することにより、
出射光に指向性をもたせることができ、それにより下面
に対して垂直方向ないしそれに近い角度で光を出射させ
ることが可能になる。
As a result, in addition to the transmission light directly incident on the short side surface, the transmission light incident on the long side surface and incident on the short side surface through reflection thereof is also reflected by the short side surface. It can be supplied to the bottom surface, which can improve the light use efficiency, and can stabilize the angle of incidence of light reflected on the long side and incident on the short side, suppressing the variation in the reflection angle Thus, the outgoing light can be collimated. Therefore, by adjusting the inclination angle of the short side surface and the long side surface described above,
The emitted light can be provided with directivity, whereby the light can be emitted in a direction perpendicular to the lower surface or at an angle close thereto.

【0032】長辺面の当該傾斜角θ2が0度では伝送光
を平行化する効果に乏しくなり、10度を超えると長辺
面への入射率が低下して対向端側への光供給が不足し発
光が不均一化しやすくなる。また、導光板の断面形状に
おいても対向端側の薄型化が困難となり、プリズム状凹
凸への入射光量も減少して発光効率も低下しやすくな
る。ちなみに当該傾斜角θ2が0度では薄型化に伴って
プリズム状凹凸のピッチを大きくする必要があり、短辺
面を介した輝線状出射光の間隔が広くなりすぎて不自然
な照明となりやすい。伝送光の平行光化による出射光の
集光化や漏れ光の抑制等の前記性能などの点より長辺面
の好ましい傾斜角θ2は、8度以下、就中5度以下であ
る。
When the inclination angle θ 2 of the long side surface is 0 °, the effect of collimating the transmitted light is poor. When the inclination angle θ 2 exceeds 10 °, the incidence rate on the long side surface decreases, and light is supplied to the opposite end side. And light emission tends to be uneven. In addition, it is difficult to reduce the thickness of the light guide plate on the opposite end side even in the cross-sectional shape, the amount of light incident on the prismatic irregularities is reduced, and the luminous efficiency is likely to be reduced. By the way, when the inclination angle θ 2 is 0 degree, it is necessary to increase the pitch of the prismatic irregularities as the thickness becomes thinner, and the interval between the emission lines emitted through the short side surface becomes too wide, which tends to cause unnatural illumination. . The preferable inclination angle θ 2 of the long side surface is 8 degrees or less, particularly 5 degrees or less from the viewpoint of the above-described performances such as the condensing of the outgoing light and the suppression of the leak light by the parallel light transmission.

【0033】上記した導光板の長辺面を介した表示像の
視認性などの点より好ましい長辺面は、その傾斜角θ2
の角度差を導光板の全体で5度以内、就中4度以内、特
に3度以内としたものであり、最寄りの長辺面間におけ
る傾斜角θ2の差を1度以内、就中0.3度以内、特に
0.1度以内としたものである。
The longer side surface, which is preferable from the viewpoint of visibility of a display image through the longer side surface of the light guide plate, has an inclination angle θ 2.
Of the light guide plate as a whole is within 5 degrees, especially within 4 degrees, especially within 3 degrees, and the difference of the inclination angle θ 2 between the nearest long sides is within 1 degree, especially 0 degrees. 0.3 degrees or less, particularly 0.1 degrees or less.

【0034】前記により、透過する長辺面の傾斜角θ2
の相違等により表示像が受ける影響を抑制することがで
きる。長辺面による透過角度の偏向が場所によって大き
く相違すると不自然な表示像となり、特に近接画素の近
傍における透過像の偏向差が大きいと著しく不自然な表
示像となりやすい。
As described above, the inclination angle θ 2 of the transmitting long side surface
Of the display image due to the difference in If the deflection of the transmission angle due to the long side surface greatly differs depending on the place, an unnatural display image is produced. In particular, if the deflection difference of the transmission image in the vicinity of the adjacent pixel is large, the display image becomes extremely unnatural.

【0035】前記した傾斜角θ2の角度差は、長辺面の
傾斜角θ2が上記した0超〜10度の範囲にあることを
前提とする。すなわち、かかる小さい傾斜角θ2として
長辺面透過時の屈折による表示像の偏向を抑制して許容
値内とすることを前提とするものであり、これは観察点
を垂直方向近傍に設定して最適化した液晶表示装置の最
適視認方向を変化させないことを目的とする。
The above-mentioned angle difference of the inclination angle θ 2 is based on the premise that the inclination angle θ 2 of the long side surface is in the range of more than 0 to 10 degrees. That is, based on the assumption that to such small as the inclination angle theta 2 to suppress the deflection of the display image due to refraction at the long side surface transmittance within the allowable value, which sets the observation point in the vertical direction near It is an object of the present invention not to change the optimum viewing direction of the liquid crystal display device optimized by the above.

【0036】表示像が偏向されると最適視認方向が垂直
方向近傍からズレると共に、表示像の偏向が大きいと導
光板上面からの漏れ光の出射方向に近付いてコントラス
トの低下などその影響を受けやすくなる場合もある。な
お長辺面の傾斜角θ2を0超〜10度とする条件には、
透過光の分散等の影響も無視できる程度のものとするこ
となども含まれている。
When the display image is deflected, the optimum viewing direction shifts from the vicinity of the vertical direction. When the display image is largely deflected, it approaches the emission direction of the leaked light from the upper surface of the light guide plate, and is susceptible to a decrease in contrast. In some cases. The condition that the inclination angle θ 2 of the long side surface is more than 0 to 10 degrees is as follows.
This includes making the influence of dispersion of transmitted light etc. negligible.

【0037】また明るい表示像を得る点よりは、外光の
入射効率に優れ、液晶セルによる表示像の透過光率ない
し出射効率に優れるものが好ましい。かかる点より、下
面の基準平面に対する長辺面の投影面積が短辺面のそれ
の5倍以上、就中10倍以上、特に15倍以上のプリズ
ム状凹凸とすることが好ましい。これにより、液晶セル
による表示像の大部分を長辺面を介して透過させること
ができる。
From the viewpoint of obtaining a bright display image, it is preferable that the display device has excellent external light incident efficiency and excellent transmittance or emission efficiency of the display image by the liquid crystal cell. From this point, it is preferable that the projection area of the long side surface with respect to the reference plane of the lower surface be 5 times or more, especially 10 times or more, especially 15 times or more of that of the short side surface. Thereby, most of the display image by the liquid crystal cell can be transmitted through the long side surface.

【0038】なお液晶セルによる表示像の透過に際し
て、短辺面に入射した表示像は入射側面側に反射されて
上面より出射しないか、下面に対する法線を基準に長辺
面透過の表示像とは反端側の大きく異なる方向に偏向さ
れて出射し、長辺面を介した表示像に殆ど影響を及ぼさ
ない。従ってかかる点より短辺面は、液晶セルの画素に
対して極在しないことが好ましい。ちなみに極論的にい
えば、画素の全面に対して短辺面がオーバーラップする
と長辺面を介した垂直方向近傍での表示像の視認が殆ど
できなくなる。
When the display image is transmitted by the liquid crystal cell, the display image incident on the short side surface is reflected on the incident side surface and is not emitted from the upper surface, or the display image transmitted through the long side surface with reference to the normal to the lower surface. Are deflected and emitted in greatly different directions on the opposite end side, and hardly affect the display image via the long side surface. Therefore, it is preferable that the short side surface is not extremely located with respect to the pixels of the liquid crystal cell. By the way, in a polar sense, if the short side surface overlaps with the entire surface of the pixel, it becomes almost impossible to visually recognize a display image near the vertical direction through the long side surface.

【0039】よって表示光の透過不足で不自然な表示と
なることを防止する点などより、画素と短辺面がオーバ
ーラップする面積を小さくして長辺面を介した充分な光
透過率を確保することが好ましい。液晶セルの画素ピッ
チは100〜300μmが一般的であり、前記の点やプ
リズム状凹凸の形成性なども鑑みた場合、短辺面は、下
面の基準平面に対する投影幅に基づいて40μm以下、
就中1〜20μm、特に3〜15μmとなるように形成さ
れていることが好ましい。ちなみに当該投影幅が小さく
なるほど短辺面の形成に高度な技術が必要となり、プリ
ズム状凹凸の頂部が一定以上の曲率半径からなる丸みを
もつこととなると散乱効果が現れて表示像の乱れなどの
原因となる場合がある。また一般に蛍光管のコヒーレン
ト長が20μm程度とされている点などよりも、短辺面
の投影幅が小さくなると回折等を生じ易くなり表示品位
の低下原因となりやすい。
Therefore, in order to prevent an unnatural display due to insufficient transmission of display light, the area where the pixel and the short side face overlap is reduced to provide a sufficient light transmittance through the long side face. It is preferable to secure them. The pixel pitch of the liquid crystal cell is generally 100 to 300 μm, and in view of the above-described points and the formability of the prismatic irregularities, the short side surface is 40 μm or less based on the projection width of the lower surface with respect to the reference plane,
Preferably, it is formed to have a thickness of 1 to 20 μm, particularly 3 to 15 μm. Incidentally, the smaller the projection width is, the more advanced technology is required to form a short side surface, and when the top of the prismatic irregularities has a roundness having a radius of curvature equal to or greater than a certain value, a scattering effect appears and a display image is disturbed. May cause. Also, when the coherent length of the fluorescent tube is generally set to about 20 μm, when the projection width of the short side surface is small, diffraction or the like is liable to occur, which tends to cause deterioration of display quality.

【0040】また前記の点より短辺面の間隔は大きいこ
とが好ましいが、一方で短辺面は上記したように側面入
射光の実質的な出射機能部分であるから、その間隔が広
すぎると点灯時の照明が疎となってやはり不自然な表示
となる場合があり、それらを鑑みた場合、図3に例示し
た如くプリズム状凸凹20a,20bの繰返しピッチP
は、50μm〜1.5mmとすることが好ましい。なおピ
ッチは、一定であってもよいし、例えばランダムピッチ
や所定数のピッチ単位をランダム又は規則的に組合せた
ものなどの如く不規則であってもよい。
It is preferable that the interval between the short side surfaces is larger than the above-mentioned point. On the other hand, since the short side surface is a substantial emission function portion of the side incident light as described above, if the interval is too wide, In some cases, the illumination at the time of lighting is sparse, resulting in an unnatural display. In view of these, the repetition pitch P of the prismatic irregularities 20a and 20b as illustrated in FIG.
Is preferably 50 μm to 1.5 mm. The pitch may be constant, or may be irregular, such as a random pitch or a random or regular combination of a predetermined number of pitch units.

【0041】さらにプリズム状凸凹の頂点の丸み等によ
る散乱性の抑制による表示像の乱れ防止などの点より、
上記の短辺面とそれに隣接する両長辺面がなす2つの頂
点の丸みの曲率半径の和が、その頂点間の距離、すなわ
ち短辺面の長さの1/2以下、就中1/2.5以下、特
に1/3以下であることが好ましく、また下面から上面
への光線透過率が90%以上で、ヘイズが15%以下で
あることが好ましい。
Further, from the viewpoint of preventing the display image from being disturbed by suppressing the scattering due to the roundness of the vertices of the prismatic irregularities, etc.
The sum of the radii of curvature of the two vertices formed by the short side surface and the two long side surfaces adjacent to the short side surface is equal to or less than 1/2 of the distance between the vertices, ie, the length of the short side surface, especially 1 / It is preferably 2.5 or less, especially 1/3 or less, and the light transmittance from the lower surface to the upper surface is 90% or more and the haze is preferably 15% or less.

【0042】プリズム状凹凸からなる光出射手段の場
合、液晶セルの画素と干渉してモアレを生じる場合があ
る。モアレの防止は、プリズム状凹凸のピッチ調節で行
いうるが、上記したようにプリズム状凹凸のピッチには
好ましい範囲がある。従ってそのピッチ範囲でモアレが
生じる場合の解決策が問題となる。
In the case of the light emitting means having prismatic irregularities, moire may occur due to interference with the pixels of the liquid crystal cell. Moire can be prevented by adjusting the pitch of the prismatic irregularities, but as described above, the pitch of the prismatic irregularities has a preferable range. Therefore, a solution for a case where moire occurs in the pitch range becomes a problem.

【0043】本発明においては、画素に対してプリズム
状凹凸を交差状態で配列しうるように、プリズム状凹凸
を入射側面の基準平面に対し傾斜状態に形成してモアレ
を防止する方式が好ましい。その場合、傾斜角が大きす
ぎると短辺面を介した反射に偏向を生じて出射光の方向
に大きな偏りが発生し、導光板の光伝送方向における発
光強度の異方性が大きくなって光利用効率も低下し、表
示品位の低下原因となりやすい。
In the present invention, it is preferable to prevent the moire by forming the prism-shaped irregularities so as to be inclined with respect to the reference plane of the incident side so that the prism-shaped irregularities can be arranged in an intersecting state with respect to the pixels. In this case, if the inclination angle is too large, the reflection via the short side surface is deflected, causing a large deviation in the direction of the emitted light, and the anisotropy of the light emission intensity in the light transmission direction of the light guide plate is increased. The usage efficiency is also reduced, which is likely to cause a reduction in display quality.

【0044】前記の点より、入射側面の基準平面に対す
るプリズム状凸凹の配列方向、すなわちプリズム状凹凸
の稜線方向の傾斜角は、±35度以内、就中±30度以
内、特に±25度以内とすることが好ましい。なお、±
の符号は入射側面を基準とした傾斜の方向を意味する。
モアレを無視しうる場合、プリズム状凸凹の配列方向は
入射側面に平行なほど好ましい。
From the above points, the inclination angle of the prismatic irregularities in the arrangement direction of the prismatic irregularities with respect to the reference plane on the incident side surface, that is, the inclination angle of the prismatic irregularities in the ridge line direction is within ± 35 degrees, preferably within ± 30 degrees, particularly within ± 25 degrees. It is preferable that Note that ±
Means the direction of inclination with respect to the incident side surface.
When moiré can be neglected, the arrangement direction of the prismatic irregularities is more preferably parallel to the incident side surface.

【0045】導光板は、上記したように適宜な形態とす
ることができる。楔形等とする場合にもその形状は適宜
に決定でき、図2(a)に例示の如き直線面11や、図
2(b),(c)に例示の如き曲面16,17などのよ
うに適宜な面形状とすることができる。
The light guide plate can have an appropriate form as described above. Even in the case of a wedge shape or the like, the shape can be determined as appropriate, such as a straight surface 11 as illustrated in FIG. 2 (a) and curved surfaces 16 and 17 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 (b) and 2 (c). An appropriate surface shape can be used.

【0046】また光出射手段を形成するプリズム状凹凸
も、図3に例示の直線面21,22,23,24で形成
されている必要はなく、屈折面や湾曲面等を含む適宜な
面形態に形成されていてもよい。またプリズム状凹凸
は、ピッチに加えて形状等も異なる凹凸の組合せからな
っていてもよい。さらにプリズム状凹凸は、稜線が連続
した一連の凸部又は凹部として形成されていてもよい
し、所定の間隔を有して稜線方向に不連続に配列した断
続的な凸部又は凹部として形成されていてもよい。
Also, the prismatic irregularities forming the light emitting means need not be formed by the linear surfaces 21, 22, 23, and 24 shown in FIG. May be formed. Further, the prismatic irregularities may be composed of a combination of irregularities having different shapes and the like in addition to the pitch. Further, the prismatic irregularities may be formed as a series of convex portions or concave portions in which the ridge line is continuous, or may be formed as intermittent convex portions or concave portions which are arranged discontinuously in the ridge line direction with a predetermined interval. May be.

【0047】図例の如く導光板1の上面11,16,1
7には、反射防止層2aが設けられる。上面の反射防止
層2aは、外光の表面反射や下面から上面への透過光等
の反射の抑制による表示像のコントラスト低下やゴース
トの防止などを目的とする。また図2aに例示の如く導
光板1の下面12にも必要に応じて反射防止層2bを設
けることができる。下面の反射防止層2bは、導光板下
面での反射を抑制し上面から漏れ光として出射すること
を抑制して表示像との重複によるコントラストの低下や
ゴーストの防止、表示像の透過率の向上等を目的とす
る。ちなみに上記したようにアクリル系樹脂やポリカー
ボネートによる1.49〜1.6の屈折率範囲では、空
気との界面での反射率は約3.9〜5.3%に達する。
この値は、偏光板やカラーフィルター等を介して光利用
効率が50%以下となりやすい液晶表示装置において表
示像のコントラスト等に与える影響が大きい。
As shown in the figure, the upper surface 11, 16, 1 of the light guide plate 1
7, an antireflection layer 2a is provided. The anti-reflection layer 2a on the upper surface is intended to reduce the contrast of a display image and the prevention of ghost by suppressing surface reflection of external light and reflection of transmitted light from the lower surface to the upper surface. An anti-reflection layer 2b can be provided on the lower surface 12 of the light guide plate 1 as needed, as shown in FIG. 2A. The anti-reflection layer 2b on the lower surface suppresses reflection at the lower surface of the light guide plate and suppresses emission from the upper surface as leakage light, thereby preventing reduction in contrast and ghost due to overlap with a display image, and improvement in transmittance of the display image. And so on. Incidentally, as described above, in the refractive index range of 1.49 to 1.6 due to acrylic resin or polycarbonate, the reflectance at the interface with air reaches about 3.9 to 5.3%.
This value has a large effect on the contrast of a displayed image in a liquid crystal display device in which the light use efficiency tends to be 50% or less via a polarizing plate or a color filter.

【0048】反射防止層は、例えば導光板の上面や下面
の付設層より低屈折率の材料からなる光学膜や低屈折率
層などの如く従来に準じた反射防止層として形成するこ
とができる。従って反射防止層を形成する材料について
は特に限定はないが、一般には透明な誘電体やフッ素含
有ポリマー等の低屈折率材料などが好ましく用いられ
る。また反射防止層は、膜厚制御により干渉効果を高め
た誘電体多層膜等の多層膜などとして形成されていても
よくその場合、干渉効果の中心波長は、視感度や膜特性
などの点より450〜600nm、就中500〜570nm
であることが好ましい。
The anti-reflection layer can be formed as a conventional anti-reflection layer such as an optical film or a low-refractive index layer made of a material having a lower refractive index than the additional layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the light guide plate. Accordingly, the material for forming the antireflection layer is not particularly limited, but generally a transparent dielectric or a low refractive index material such as a fluorine-containing polymer is preferably used. Further, the antireflection layer may be formed as a multilayer film such as a dielectric multilayer film in which the interference effect is enhanced by controlling the film thickness. In this case, the center wavelength of the interference effect may be reduced in terms of visibility and film characteristics. 450-600nm, especially 500-570nm
It is preferred that

【0049】好ましい反射防止層は、全可視光域で反射
防止特性を示すものであり、殊に可視光域の中間であ
り、視覚特性も高い波長550nmの光に基づいてその垂
直入射光に対する反射率が2%以下、就中1.5%以
下、特に1.3%以下のものである。なお反射防止層、
特に上面におけるそれは、外力による光出射手段の損傷
防止などの点より誘電体等の硬質な材料にて表面保護層
を兼ねるものとして形成されていることが好ましい。ち
なみにアクリル樹脂の表面硬度は鉛筆硬度にてH〜2H
程度であるが、ケイ素酸化物の如き酸化物誘電体などの
硬質材料にて反射防止層を形成することで3H〜4Hに
高めることができる。また多層膜からなる反射防止層の
場合には、厚さ効果なども加わって耐擦傷性をより高め
ることができる。
The preferred anti-reflection layer has an anti-reflection property in the entire visible light range, and particularly, is in the middle of the visible light range and has a high visual characteristic. The rate is 2% or less, especially 1.5% or less, especially 1.3% or less. In addition, anti-reflection layer,
In particular, it is preferable that the upper surface is formed of a hard material such as a dielectric so as to also serve as the surface protective layer in order to prevent the light emitting means from being damaged by an external force. By the way, the surface hardness of acrylic resin is H ~ 2H in pencil hardness.
The degree can be increased to 3H to 4H by forming the antireflection layer with a hard material such as an oxide dielectric such as silicon oxide. Further, in the case of an antireflection layer composed of a multilayer film, the scratch resistance can be further improved by adding a thickness effect and the like.

【0050】反射防止層は、適宜な方式で形成したもの
であってよいが、上面におけるそれは光出射手段の形状
を可及的に変化させないものであることが好ましい。特
に光出射手段がプリズム状凹凸からなる場合、その形状
変化は短辺面の反射特性を変化させやすいため好ましく
ない。上面における好ましい反射防止層は、真空蒸着方
式やスパッタリング方式等の蒸着方式により上面を密着
被覆するように形成したものである。
The antireflection layer may be formed by an appropriate method, but it is preferable that the antireflection layer on the upper surface does not change the shape of the light emitting means as much as possible. In particular, when the light emitting means has prismatic irregularities, the shape change is not preferable because the reflection characteristic of the short side surface is easily changed. The preferable anti-reflection layer on the upper surface is formed so as to adhere tightly to the upper surface by an evaporation method such as a vacuum evaporation method or a sputtering method.

【0051】前記の方式によれば、塗工方式等による場
合の如くプリズム状凹凸の凹部で厚さが増すことによる
プリズム状凹凸の変形を防止して厚さの均一性に優れる
反射防止層を形成することができる。また、短辺面にお
ける外光の反射には有利で、導光板内部の伝送光の反射
には不利となる厚さに制御することも容易に行うことが
できる。さらに蒸着源の配置制御で長辺面には外光反射
に必要な厚さの反射防止層を形成しつつ、短辺面には反
射防止層の形成を抑制して導光板上面の本来の反射機能
を可及的に維持するものとすることもできる。
According to the above-described method, as in the case of the coating method or the like, the anti-reflection layer having excellent uniformity of the thickness by preventing the deformation of the prism-shaped unevenness due to the increase in the thickness at the concave portion of the prism-shaped unevenness. Can be formed. Further, it is possible to easily control the thickness to be advantageous for reflection of external light on the short side surface and disadvantageous for reflection of transmission light inside the light guide plate. Furthermore, by controlling the arrangement of the evaporation source, an anti-reflection layer having the thickness necessary for external light reflection is formed on the long side surface, while the formation of the anti-reflection layer on the short side surface is suppressed to achieve the original reflection of the light guide plate top surface. Functions may be maintained as much as possible.

【0052】導光板の下面における反射防止層は、蒸着
方式や塗工方式等により直接付設されていてもよいし、
図2aに例示した如くフィルム等からなる透明基材25
の片面に反射防止層26を付設した反射防止シートなど
による反射防止層2bとして、その反射防止層26が外
側となるように設けられていてもよい。反射防止シート
等として反射防止層を設ける場合、それは反射防止等の
点より導光板の下面に空気層が混入しないように密着処
理されていることが好ましい。その密着処理には、粘着
層やその他の接着層等の適宜な接着手段を採ることがで
きる。
The antireflection layer on the lower surface of the light guide plate may be directly provided by a vapor deposition method, a coating method, or the like,
A transparent substrate 25 made of a film or the like as illustrated in FIG.
May be provided as an anti-reflection layer 2b made of an anti-reflection sheet or the like having an anti-reflection layer 26 attached to one surface thereof, so that the anti-reflection layer 26 is on the outside. When an anti-reflection layer is provided as an anti-reflection sheet or the like, it is preferable that the anti-reflection layer be subjected to close contact treatment so that an air layer does not enter the lower surface of the light guide plate from the viewpoint of anti-reflection. For the adhesion treatment, an appropriate adhesive means such as an adhesive layer or another adhesive layer can be employed.

【0053】ちなみに導光板、接着層及び透明基材を屈
折率が可及的に同じとなるように、就中1.4〜1.6
5、特に1.49〜1.60の屈折率の範囲となるよう
に組合せることにより各界面での反射を抑制して、反射
防止効果の向上を図ることができる。具体的には例えば
ポリメチルメタクリレートからなる導光板、アクリル系
粘着層からなる接着層、及びトリアセチルセルロースか
らなる透明基材の組合せとすることにより屈折率を1.
49〜1.5の範囲とすることができ、各界面での反射
を殆ど防止することができる。
Incidentally, the light guide plate, the adhesive layer, and the transparent substrate are preferably made to have the same refractive index as much as possible, especially from 1.4 to 1.6.
5, especially at a refractive index range of 1.49 to 1.60, the reflection at each interface can be suppressed, and the antireflection effect can be improved. Specifically, for example, a combination of a light guide plate made of polymethyl methacrylate, an adhesive layer made of an acrylic adhesive layer, and a transparent substrate made of triacetyl cellulose has a refractive index of 1.
It can be in the range of 49 to 1.5, and reflection at each interface can be almost prevented.

【0054】導光板における下面や入射側面の形状につ
いては、特に限定はなく、適宜に決定してよい。一般に
は、フラットな下面及びその下面に対して垂直な入射側
面とされる。入射側面については、例えば湾曲凹形など
の光源の外周等に応じた形状として、入射光率の向上を
はることもできる。さらに光源との間に介在する導入部
を有する入射側面構造などとすることもできる。その導
入部は、光源などに応じて適宜な形状とすることができ
る。
The shapes of the lower surface and the incident side surface of the light guide plate are not particularly limited, and may be determined appropriately. Generally, it is a flat lower surface and an incident side surface perpendicular to the lower surface. The incident side surface may have a shape corresponding to the outer periphery of the light source, such as a curved concave shape, for example, to improve the incident light rate. Further, an incident side structure having an introduction portion interposed between the light source and the light source may be employed. The introduction portion can have an appropriate shape according to the light source and the like.

【0055】導光板は、光源の波長域に応じそれに透明
性を示す適宜な材料にて形成しうる。ちなみに可視光域
では、例えばアクリル系樹脂やポリカーボネート系樹
脂、エポキシ系樹脂等で代表される透明樹脂やガラスな
どがあげられる。複屈折を示さないか、複屈折の小さい
材料で形成した導光板が好ましく用いられる。
The light guide plate can be formed of an appropriate material exhibiting transparency according to the wavelength range of the light source. Incidentally, in the visible light region, for example, a transparent resin or glass represented by an acrylic resin, a polycarbonate resin, an epoxy resin, or the like can be given. A light guide plate which does not exhibit birefringence or is formed of a material having low birefringence is preferably used.

【0056】導光板は、切削法にても形成でき、適宜な
方法で形成することができる。量産性等の点より好まし
い製造方法としては、熱可塑性樹脂を所定の形状を形成
しうる金型に加熱下に押付て形状を転写する方法、加熱
溶融させた熱可塑性樹脂あるいは熱や溶媒を介して流動
化させた樹脂を所定の形状に成形しうる金型に充填する
方法、熱や紫外線ないし放射線等で重合処理しうる液状
樹脂を所定の形状を形成しうる型に充填ないし流延して
重合処理する方法などがあげられる。なお導光板は、例
えば光の伝送を担う導光部にプリズム状凹凸等の光出射
手段(上面)を形成したシートを接着したものの如く、
同種又は異種の材料からなる部品の積層体などとして形
成されていてもよく、1種の材料による一体的単層物と
して形成されている必要はない。
The light guide plate can be formed by a cutting method, and can be formed by an appropriate method. As a preferable manufacturing method from the viewpoint of mass productivity and the like, a method of pressing a thermoplastic resin under heating to a mold capable of forming a predetermined shape and transferring the shape, a thermoplastic resin heated and melted, or via a heat or solvent A method of filling a fluidized resin into a mold that can be molded into a predetermined shape, filling or casting a liquid resin that can be polymerized by heat, ultraviolet rays or radiation into a mold capable of forming a predetermined shape. Examples of the method include a polymerization treatment. Note that the light guide plate is, for example, a sheet in which light emitting means (upper surface) such as prismatic unevenness is formed on a light guide portion that transmits light, and
It may be formed as a laminate of components made of the same or different materials, and need not be formed as an integrated single layer of one material.

【0057】導光板の厚さは、使用目的による導光板の
サイズや光源の大きさなどにより適宜に決定することが
できる。反射型液晶表示装置等の形成に用いる場合の一
般的な厚さは、その入射側面に基づき20mm以下、就中
0.1〜10mm、特に0.5〜8mmである。散乱による
表示像の乱れで視認特性が低下することを防止し、明瞭
な表示像を達成する点などより好ましい反射防止層付設
の導光板は、上下面方向の入射光、特に下面から上面へ
の垂直入射光の光線透過率が90%以上、就中92%以
上、特に95%以上で、ヘイズが30%以下、就中15
%以下、特に10%以下のものである。
The thickness of the light guide plate can be appropriately determined according to the size of the light guide plate and the size of the light source depending on the purpose of use. A typical thickness when used for forming a reflection type liquid crystal display device or the like is 20 mm or less, preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, particularly 0.5 to 8 mm based on the incident side surface. The light guide plate provided with an antireflection layer, which is more preferable in that the visibility characteristics are prevented from deteriorating due to the disturbance of the display image due to scattering, and which achieves a clear display image, are incident light in the upper and lower directions, particularly from the lower surface to the upper surface. The light transmittance of vertically incident light is 90% or more, particularly 92% or more, particularly 95% or more, and the haze is 30% or less, especially 15%.
%, Especially 10% or less.

【0058】本発明による導光板によれば、上面及び下
面からの入射光が下面又は上面より良好に透過し、それ
を用いて精度よく平行化された光を視認に有利な垂直性
に優れる方向に出射し、光源からの光を効率よく利用し
て明るさに優れる面光源装置、さらには明るくて見やす
く低消費電力性に優れる反射型液晶表示装置などの種々
の装置を形成することができる。
According to the light guide plate of the present invention, the incident light from the upper surface and the lower surface is transmitted more favorably than the lower surface or the upper surface, and the light which is collimated with high accuracy using the light is excellent in verticality advantageous for visual recognition. And various devices such as a surface light source device which is excellent in brightness by efficiently using light from a light source and a reflection type liquid crystal display device which is bright and easy to see and has low power consumption.

【0059】図5に本発明による導光板1を有する面光
源装置3を例示した。面光源装置は、例えば図例の如く
導光板1の入射側面に光源31を配置することにより形
成でき、サイドライト型のフロントライト等として好ま
しく用いうる。
FIG. 5 illustrates a surface light source device 3 having a light guide plate 1 according to the present invention. The surface light source device can be formed, for example, by disposing a light source 31 on the incident side surface of the light guide plate 1 as shown in the figure, and can be preferably used as a sidelight type front light or the like.

【0060】導光板の入射側面に配置する光源として
は、適宜なものを用いうる。一般には例えば(冷,熱)
陰極管等の線状光源、発光ダイオード等の点光源やそれ
を線状や面状等に配列したアレイ体、あるいは点光源を
一定又は不定間隔の線状発光状態に変換する装置を用い
た光源などが好ましく用いうる。低消費電力性や耐久性
等の点よりは、冷陰極管が特に好ましい。
As the light source arranged on the incident side surface of the light guide plate, an appropriate light source can be used. In general, for example (cold, hot)
A linear light source such as a cathode ray tube, a point light source such as a light-emitting diode, an array of such light sources arranged in a linear or planar shape, or a light source using a device that converts a point light source into a linear or luminous state with constant or irregular intervals. And the like can be preferably used. A cold cathode tube is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of low power consumption and durability.

【0061】面光源装置の形成に際しては、必要に応じ
て図5の如く光源31からの発散光を導光板1の入射側
面に導くために光源を包囲する光源ホルダ32や、図6
等の如く均等な面発光を得るために導光板の下面に配置
した拡散層4などの適宜な補助手段を配置した組合せ体
とすることもできる。
When the surface light source device is formed, a light source holder 32 surrounding the light source and a light source holder 32 for guiding the divergent light from the light source 31 to the incident side surface of the light guide plate 1 as shown in FIG.
It is also possible to use a combination body in which appropriate auxiliary means such as the diffusion layer 4 arranged on the lower surface of the light guide plate are arranged in order to obtain uniform surface light emission.

【0062】光源ホルダとしては、高反射率金属薄膜を
付設した樹脂シートや金属箔などが一般に用いられる。
光源ホルダを導光板の端部に接着剤等を介して接着する
場合には、その接着部分については光出射手段の形成を
省略することもできる。
As the light source holder, a resin sheet or a metal foil provided with a high-reflectance metal thin film is generally used.
When the light source holder is bonded to the end of the light guide plate via an adhesive or the like, the formation of the light emitting means can be omitted for the bonded portion.

【0063】拡散層は、明暗ムラの防止による明るさの
均等化や隣接光線の混交によるモアレの低減などを目的
に、必要に応じて予め面光源装置の光出射面、従って導
光板1の下面12に配置するものである。本発明におい
ては、導光板出射光の指向性の維持や光の有効利用効率
などの点より、拡散範囲の狭い拡散層が好ましく用いう
る。
The diffusion layer is provided, if necessary, in advance for the purpose of equalizing the brightness by preventing uneven brightness and reducing the moire caused by the mixture of adjacent light rays, as necessary, in advance, the light emitting surface of the surface light source device, that is, the lower surface of the light guide plate 1. 12. In the present invention, a diffusion layer having a narrow diffusion range can be preferably used from the viewpoint of maintaining directivity of light emitted from the light guide plate and effective use of light.

【0064】拡散層は、例えば低屈折率の透明樹脂中に
高屈折率の透明粒子を分散させて塗布硬化させる方式や
気泡を分散させた透明樹脂を塗布硬化させる方式、基材
表面を溶媒を介し膨潤させてクレイズを発生させる方式
や不規則な凹凸面を有する透明樹脂層を形成する方式、
あるいは前記に準じて形成した拡散シートを用いる方式
などの適宜な方式で形成でき、その形成方式について特
に限定はない。前記の不規則な凹凸面は、基材やその上
に設けた透明樹脂の塗布層の表面に粗面化処理したロー
ルや金型等の粗面形状を転写する機械的方式又は/及び
化学的処理方式などの適宜な方式で形成してよい。
The diffusion layer may be formed, for example, by dispersing high-refractive-index transparent particles in a low-refractive-index transparent resin and applying and curing the resin, or by applying and curing a transparent resin in which bubbles are dispersed, or by applying a solvent to a substrate surface. A method of generating craze by swelling through and a method of forming a transparent resin layer having an irregular uneven surface,
Alternatively, it can be formed by an appropriate method such as a method using a diffusion sheet formed according to the above, and there is no particular limitation on the forming method. The irregular asperity surface is a mechanical method or / and a chemical method in which a rough surface shape such as a roll or a mold subjected to surface roughening is transferred to the surface of a substrate or a transparent resin coating layer provided thereon. It may be formed by an appropriate method such as a processing method.

【0065】なお前記の透明粒子には、例えば平均粒径
が0.5〜100μmのシリカ、アルミナ、チタニア、
ジルコニア、酸化錫、酸化インジウム、酸化カドミウ
ム、酸化アンチモン等の導電性のこともある無機系粒子
や、架橋又は未架橋ポリマー等の有機系粒子などの適宜
なものを用いうる。
The transparent particles include, for example, silica, alumina, titania, and the like having an average particle size of 0.5 to 100 μm.
Appropriate materials such as inorganic particles having conductivity, such as zirconia, tin oxide, indium oxide, cadmium oxide, and antimony oxide, and organic particles such as a crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymer can be used.

【0066】上記のように本発明による面光源装置は、
光の利用効率に優れて明るくて垂直性に優れる光を提供
し、大面積化等も容易であることより反射型液晶表示装
置等におけるフロントライトシステムなどとして種々の
装置に好ましく適用でき、明るくて見やすく低消費電力
の反射型液晶表示装置等を得ることができる。
As described above, the surface light source device according to the present invention
Providing bright light with excellent light use efficiency and excellent verticality, and being easy to increase in area, it can be preferably applied to various devices as a front light system in a reflection type liquid crystal display device and the like. It is possible to obtain a reflection type liquid crystal display device or the like which is easy to see and has low power consumption.

【0067】図6、図7に本発明による面光源装置3を
フロントライトシステムに用いた反射型液晶表示装置を
例示した。5,51は偏光板、6は液晶セルで、61,
63はセル基板、62は液晶層であり、7,64は反射
層である。反射型液晶表示装置は、図例の如く面光源装
置の光出射側、すなわち面光源装置における導光板1の
下面側に、反射層7,64を具備する液晶セル6を配置
することにより形成することができる。
FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a reflection type liquid crystal display device using the surface light source device 3 according to the present invention in a front light system. 5, 51 are polarizing plates, 6 is a liquid crystal cell,
63 is a cell substrate, 62 is a liquid crystal layer, and 7 and 64 are reflection layers. The reflection type liquid crystal display device is formed by arranging a liquid crystal cell 6 having reflection layers 7 and 64 on the light emission side of the surface light source device, that is, on the lower surface side of the light guide plate 1 in the surface light source device as shown in the figure. be able to.

【0068】反射型液晶表示装置は一般に、液晶シャッ
タとして機能する透明電極具備の液晶セルとそれに付随
の駆動装置、偏光板、フロントライト、反射層及び必要
に応じての補償用位相差板等の構成部品を適宜に組立て
ることなどにより形成される。本発明においては、上記
した面光源装置を用いる点を除いて特に限定はなく、図
例の如く従来に準じて形成することができる。なお図6
の例では、透明電極の記入を省略している。
In general, a reflection type liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell having a transparent electrode functioning as a liquid crystal shutter and an associated driving device, a polarizing plate, a front light, a reflection layer, and a compensating retardation plate if necessary. It is formed by appropriately assembling the components. In the present invention, there is no particular limitation except that the above-described surface light source device is used, and it can be formed according to a conventional example as shown in the figure. FIG. 6
In the example, the entry of the transparent electrode is omitted.

【0069】従って用いる液晶セルについては特に限定
はなく、例えば液晶の配向形態に基づく場合、TN液晶
セルやSTN液晶セル、垂直配向セルやHANセル、O
CBセルの如きツイスト系や非ツイスト系、ゲストホス
ト系や強誘電性液晶系の液晶セルなどの適宜なものを用
いうる。また液晶の駆動方式についても特に限定はな
く、例えばアクティブマトリクス方式やパッシブマトリ
クス方式などの適宜な駆動方式であってよい。
Accordingly, the liquid crystal cell to be used is not particularly limited. For example, when the liquid crystal cell is based on a liquid crystal alignment mode, a TN liquid crystal cell, STN liquid crystal cell, vertical alignment cell, HAN cell, O
Appropriate liquid crystal cells such as a twist type or non-twist type such as a CB cell, a guest host type or a ferroelectric liquid crystal type cell can be used. The driving method of the liquid crystal is not particularly limited, and may be an appropriate driving method such as an active matrix method or a passive matrix method.

【0070】反射型液晶表示装置では、反射層7,64
の配置が必須であるが、その配置位置については図6に
例示の如く液晶セル6の外側に設けることもできるし、
図7に例示の如く液晶セル6の内側に設けることもでき
る。その反射層についは、例えばアルミニウムや銀、金
や銅やクロム等の高反射率金属の粉末をバインダ樹脂中
に含有する塗工層や蒸着方式等による金属薄膜の付設
層、その塗工層や付設層を基材で支持した反射シート、
金属箔などの従来に準じた適宜な反射層として形成する
ことができる。
In the reflection type liquid crystal display device, the reflection layers 7, 64
Is indispensable, but the arrangement position can be provided outside the liquid crystal cell 6 as illustrated in FIG.
It can be provided inside the liquid crystal cell 6 as illustrated in FIG. For the reflective layer, for example, a coating layer containing a powder of a high-reflectance metal such as aluminum, silver, gold, copper, or chromium in a binder resin, an attached layer of a metal thin film by a vapor deposition method, or the like, A reflective sheet supporting an additional layer with a base material,
It can be formed as a suitable reflective layer such as a metal foil according to the related art.

【0071】なお図7の如く液晶セル6の内部に反射層
64を設ける場合、その反射層としては、前記の高反射
率金属等の高導電性材料にて電極パターンを形成する方
式や、透明電極パターン上に例えばその透明電極形成材
による透明導電膜を形成する方式などによる反射層が好
ましい。
When the reflection layer 64 is provided inside the liquid crystal cell 6 as shown in FIG. 7, the reflection layer may be formed by a method of forming an electrode pattern using a highly conductive material such as the above-mentioned high reflectivity metal or a transparent material. It is preferable to use a reflective layer formed on the electrode pattern by, for example, forming a transparent conductive film using the transparent electrode forming material.

【0072】また偏光板としては、適宜なものを用いう
るが、高度な直線偏光の入射による良好なコントラスト
比の表示を得る点などよりは、例えばヨウ素系や染料系
の吸収型直線偏光子などの如く偏光度の高いものが好ま
しく用いうる。
As the polarizing plate, any suitable polarizing plate can be used. However, for example, an iodine-based or dye-based absorption-type linear polarizer may be used instead of obtaining a display having a good contrast ratio by incidence of highly linearly polarized light. Those having a high degree of polarization as described above can be preferably used.

【0073】なお反射型液晶表示装置の形成に際して
は、例えば視認側の偏光板の上に設ける拡散板やアンチ
グレア層や保護層、あるいは液晶セルと偏光板の間に設
ける補償用の位相差板などの適宜な光学素子を適宜に配
置することができる。
In forming the reflection type liquid crystal display device, for example, a diffusion plate, an antiglare layer or a protective layer provided on the polarizing plate on the viewing side, or a compensating retardation plate provided between the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate may be appropriately used. Optical elements can be appropriately arranged.

【0074】前記の補償用位相差板は、複屈折の波長依
存性などを補償して視認性の向上等をはかることを目的
とするものである。本発明においては、視認側又は/及
び背面側の偏光板と液晶セルの間等に必要に応じて配置
される。補償用の位相差板としては、波長域などに応じ
て適宜なものを用いることができ、1層又は2層以上の
位相差層の重畳層として形成されていてもよい。
The purpose of the above-mentioned compensating phase difference plate is to improve the visibility by compensating the wavelength dependence of birefringence and the like. In the present invention, it is arranged as necessary between the polarizing plate on the viewing side and / or the back side and the liquid crystal cell. As the retardation plate for compensation, an appropriate retardation plate can be used according to a wavelength range or the like, and it may be formed as a single layer or a superposed layer of two or more retardation layers.

【0075】本発明による反射型液晶表示装置の視認
は、面光源装置、特にその導光板の長辺面の透過光を介
して行われる。図8に反射層64を液晶セル内に設けた
ものの場合における視認状態を例示した。これによれば
面光源装置の点灯時、導光板1の下面より出射した光α
が偏光板5と液晶層62等を経由して反射層64を介し
反射され、液晶層と偏光板等を逆経由して導光板1に至
り、長辺面22を介し反射防止層2aを透過した表示像
(α)が視認される。
The visual recognition of the reflection type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is carried out through the surface light source device, in particular, the light transmitted through the long side surface of the light guide plate. FIG. 8 illustrates a visual recognition state in the case where the reflection layer 64 is provided in the liquid crystal cell. According to this, when the surface light source device is turned on, the light α emitted from the lower surface of the light guide plate 1
Is reflected via the reflective layer 64 via the polarizing plate 5 and the liquid crystal layer 62 and the like, reaches the light guide plate 1 via the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing plate in reverse, and passes through the antireflection layer 2a via the long side surface 22. The displayed image (α) is visually recognized.

【0076】前記の場合、本発明においては、強い漏れ
光β1は液晶セルに対して垂直な正面方向とは角度が大
きくズレた方向に出射し、正面方向に出射する漏れ光β
2は弱く、それに反射防止層による寄与もあって長辺面
を介して正面方向の近傍で表示品位に優れる表示像を視
認することができる。
In the above case, in the present invention, the strong leakage light β 1 is emitted in a direction that is greatly deviated from the front direction perpendicular to the liquid crystal cell, and is emitted in the front direction.
2 is weak, and a display image having excellent display quality can be visually recognized in the vicinity of the front direction via the long side surface due to the contribution of the antireflection layer.

【0077】一方、面光源装置が非点灯の外光を利用し
た場合においても、導光板1の上面の長辺面22より入
射した光γが偏光板や液晶層や反射層等を前記に準じ透
過・逆経由して導光板1に至り、長辺面を介し反射防止
層を透過した表示像(γ)が正面方向の近傍で導光板に
よる乱れ等が少ない表示品位に優れる状態で視認するこ
とができる。
On the other hand, even when the surface light source device uses non-lighted external light, the light γ incident from the long side surface 22 of the upper surface of the light guide plate 1 passes through the polarizing plate, the liquid crystal layer, the reflection layer, and the like according to the above. The display image (γ) transmitted to the light guide plate 1 via the transmission / reverse and transmitted through the antireflection layer via the long side surface is visually recognized in the vicinity of the front direction in a state in which the light guide plate is less disturbed and the display quality is excellent. Can be.

【0078】本発明において、上記した面光源装置や液
晶表示装置を形成する導光板や拡散層、液晶セルや偏光
板等の光学素子ないし部品は、全体的又は部分的に積層
一体化されて固着されていてもよいし、分離容易な状態
に配置されていてもよい。界面反射の抑制によるコント
ラストの低下防止などの点よりは、固着状態にあること
が好ましく、少なくとも面光源装置における導光板の下
面側と液晶セルの上面が固着密着状態にあることが好ま
しい。
In the present invention, optical elements or components such as a light guide plate and a diffusion layer, a liquid crystal cell and a polarizing plate forming the above-mentioned surface light source device and liquid crystal display device are entirely or partially laminated and integrated and fixed. Or may be arranged in an easily separable state. It is preferable that the liquid crystal cell is in a fixed state, and at least the lower surface side of the light guide plate in the surface light source device and the upper surface of the liquid crystal cell are in a fixed and bonded state, rather than preventing the reduction of contrast by suppressing interface reflection.

【0079】前記の固着密着処理には、粘着剤等の適宜
な透明接着剤を用いることができ、その透明接着層に上
記した透明粒子等を含有させて拡散機能を示す接着層な
どとすることもできる。
An appropriate transparent adhesive such as a pressure-sensitive adhesive can be used in the above-mentioned fixing and adhering treatment. The transparent adhesive layer contains the above-mentioned transparent particles and the like to form an adhesive layer having a diffusion function. Can also.

【0080】[0080]

【実施例】実施例1 予め所定形状に加工した真鍮の表面をダイヤモンドバイ
トで切削して上面形成用の中子を作製し、それを金型中
に設置して射出成形方式により導光板用のポリメチルメ
タクリレート板状物を形成した。その板状物は、幅60
mm、奥行42mm、入射側面の厚さ1.2mm、対向端の厚
さ0.8mmであり、上下面は平坦(図2a)で、上面に
入射側面に平行なプリズム状凹凸を390μmのピッチ
で有し、短辺面の傾斜角が36.5〜39度の範囲で、
長辺面の傾斜角が1.1〜1.5度の範囲で変化し、最
寄り長辺面の傾斜角変化が0.1度以内にあり、短辺面
の下面に対する投影幅が10〜21μm、長辺面/短辺
面の下面に対する投影面積比が17/1以上のものであ
った。次に、前記の上面にスパッタリング方式にてケイ
素酸化物からなる反射防止層を密着付設して導光板を得
た。なお前記の反射防止層は、波長550nmの垂直入射
光に対する反射率が約1.4%のものである。
Example 1 A surface of a brass previously processed into a predetermined shape was cut with a diamond bite to prepare a core for forming an upper surface, and the core was placed in a mold, and the core for a light guide plate was formed by an injection molding method. A polymethyl methacrylate plate was formed. The plate has a width of 60
mm, depth 42 mm, incident side thickness 1.2 mm, opposing end thickness 0.8 mm, upper and lower surfaces are flat (FIG. 2 a), and prismatic irregularities parallel to the incident side are formed on the upper surface at a pitch of 390 μm. Having an inclination angle of the short side surface of 36.5 to 39 degrees,
The inclination angle of the long side surface changes in the range of 1.1 to 1.5 degrees, the inclination angle change of the nearest long side surface is within 0.1 degree, and the projection width of the short side surface to the lower surface is 10 to 21 μm. And the projected area ratio of the long side surface / short side surface to the lower surface was 17/1 or more. Next, an antireflection layer made of silicon oxide was adhered to the upper surface by sputtering to obtain a light guide plate. The antireflection layer has a reflectivity of about 1.4% with respect to vertically incident light having a wavelength of 550 nm.

【0081】前記導光板の入射側面に直径1.8mmの冷
陰極管(ハリソン電気社製)を配置して銀蒸着を施した
ポリエステルフィルムからなる光源ホルダにてその縁を
導光板の上下端面に密着させて包囲し、冷陰極管にイン
バータと直流電源を接続して面光源装置を得、その光出
射側(導光板下面)に背面に前記の光源ホルダに準じた
反射シートを有する白黒反射型のTN液晶セルを配置し
て反射型液晶表示装置を得た。なお前記の面光源装置
は、直流電源のオン/オフで点灯状態/非点灯状態の切
り替えを行うことができ、液晶表示装置は全画素をオン
/オフさせる駆動式のものである。
A 1.8 mm diameter cold cathode tube (manufactured by Harrison Electric Co., Ltd.) is disposed on the incident side surface of the light guide plate, and the edges of the light source holder are made of a silver-evaporated polyester film. A surface light source device is obtained by connecting an inverter and a DC power supply to the cold cathode tube, and a black-and-white reflective type having a reflection sheet on the light emission side (the lower surface of the light guide plate) on the back surface according to the light source holder. Was disposed to obtain a reflection type liquid crystal display device. The above-described surface light source device can switch between a lighting state and a non-lighting state by turning on / off a DC power supply, and the liquid crystal display device is a driving type that turns on / off all pixels.

【0082】実施例2 反射防止層を酸化チタン層とケイ素酸化物層を交互配置
した多層膜として形成したほかは、実施例1に準じて導
光板、面光源装置及び反射型液晶表示装置を得た。なお
前記の反射防止シートは、波長550nmの垂直入射光に
対する反射率が約0.2%のものである。
Example 2 A light guide plate, a surface light source device and a reflection type liquid crystal display device were obtained according to Example 1, except that the antireflection layer was formed as a multilayer film in which a titanium oxide layer and a silicon oxide layer were alternately arranged. Was. The antireflection sheet has a reflectance of about 0.2% with respect to a vertically incident light having a wavelength of 550 nm.

【0083】実施例3 酸化チタン層とケイ素酸化物層を交互配置した多層膜か
らなる反射防止層を導光板の下面にも形成したほかは、
実施例2に準じて導光板、面光源装置及び反射型液晶表
示装置を得た。
Example 3 An antireflection layer composed of a multilayer film in which a titanium oxide layer and a silicon oxide layer were alternately formed was also formed on the lower surface of the light guide plate.
According to Example 2, a light guide plate, a surface light source device, and a reflective liquid crystal display device were obtained.

【0084】比較例 反射防止層を設けない板状物を導光板として用いたほか
は実施例1に準じて面光源装置及び反射型液晶表示装置
を得た。
Comparative Example A surface light source device and a reflection type liquid crystal display device were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a plate-like object having no antireflection layer was used as a light guide plate.

【0085】評価試験 実施例、比較例で得た面光源装置及び反射型液晶表示装
置について下記の特性を調べた。
Evaluation Test The following characteristics were examined for the surface light source device and the reflection type liquid crystal display device obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples.

【0086】表示品位 反射型液晶表示装置にライン状のパターンを表示させ、
面光源装置の点灯又は非点灯状態下における表示を観察
して前記パターンの明瞭さを無作為選択の10人により
相対評価した。その結果、点灯及び非点灯状態のいずれ
の状態においても、総ての観察者が良好な方から実施例
3、実施例2、実施例1、比較例の順位付けをした。ま
た非点灯状態での観察では、総ての観察者が表面反射光
の映り込みが少なくて比較例よりも実施例の方が見やす
いと評価した。
Display Quality A linear pattern is displayed on a reflection type liquid crystal display device.
By observing the display of the surface light source device in the lighting or non-lighting state, the clarity of the pattern was relatively evaluated by 10 persons who were randomly selected. As a result, in each of the lighting state and the non-lighting state, all the observers ranked the example 3, the example 2, the example 1, and the comparative example in descending order. Further, in the observation in the non-lighting state, all the observers evaluated that the example was easier to see than the comparative example because of less reflection of surface reflected light.

【0087】以上より、導光板上面での反射防止により
白呆け等の防止で表示の明瞭性が向上して見易い反射型
液晶表示装置が実現されていることがわかる。なお導光
板上面の鉛筆硬度は、実施例2,3で4H、実施例1で
3H、比較例でHであり、実施例では反射防止層が表面
保護層を兼ねていることがわかった。
From the above, it can be seen that a reflection type liquid crystal display device which is easy to see because the clarity of the display is improved by the prevention of white spots and the like by the antireflection on the upper surface of the light guide plate is realized. Note that the pencil hardness of the upper surface of the light guide plate was 4H in Examples 2 and 3, 3H in Example 1, and H in Comparative Example, and it was found that the antireflection layer also served as the surface protective layer in Examples.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】導光板の斜視説明図FIG. 1 is an explanatory perspective view of a light guide plate.

【図2】他の導光板の側面説明図FIG. 2 is an explanatory side view of another light guide plate.

【図3】プリズム状凹凸の側面説明図FIG. 3 is an explanatory side view of prismatic irregularities.

【図4】実施例による出射特性の説明図FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of emission characteristics according to an embodiment.

【図5】面光源装置の側面断面図FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of the surface light source device.

【図6】反射型液晶表示装置の側面断面図FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of a reflective liquid crystal display device.

【図7】他の反射型液晶表示装置の側面断面図FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of another reflection type liquid crystal display device.

【図8】実施例による表示像の説明図FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a display image according to the embodiment.

【図9】従来例による出射特性の説明図FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of emission characteristics according to a conventional example.

【図10】従来例による表示像の説明図FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a display image according to a conventional example.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1:導光板 11、16,17:上面 20a:凸部 20b:凹部 21、23:短辺面 22、24:長辺面 12:下面 13:入射側面 2a,2b:反射防止層 3:面光源装置 31:光源 4:拡散層 5,51:偏光板 6:液晶セル 7,64:反射層 1: light guide plate 11, 16, 17: upper surface 20a: convex portion 20b: concave portion 21, 23: short side surface 22, 24: long side surface 12: lower surface 13: incident side surface 2a, 2b: antireflection layer 3: surface light source Apparatus 31: Light source 4: Diffusion layer 5, 51: Polarizer 6: Liquid crystal cell 7, 64: Reflection layer

Claims (12)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 入射側面からの入射光を上面に形成した
光出射手段を介して下面より出射し、その下面からの入
射光が上面より透過すると共に、前記上面に反射防止層
を有することを特徴とする導光板。
An incident light from an incident side is emitted from a lower surface through a light emitting means formed on an upper surface, and an incident light from the lower surface is transmitted from an upper surface and an antireflection layer is provided on the upper surface. Characteristic light guide plate.
【請求項2】 請求項1において、反射防止層が導光板
の上面より低屈折率の誘電体膜、フッ素含有ポリマー又
は誘電体多層膜からなる導光板。
2. The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the antireflection layer is made of a dielectric film, a fluorine-containing polymer, or a dielectric multilayer film having a lower refractive index than the upper surface of the light guide plate.
【請求項3】 請求項1又は2において、反射防止層が
導光板上面を密着被覆する真空蒸着膜又はスパッタリン
グ方式の形成膜からなる導光板。
3. The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the anti-reflection layer is a vacuum deposition film or a sputtering-type formed film that closely covers the light guide plate upper surface.
【請求項4】 請求項1〜3において、導光板の下面に
も反射防止層を有する導光板。
4. The light guide plate according to claim 1, further comprising an antireflection layer on the lower surface of the light guide plate.
【請求項5】 請求項4において、導光板の下面に設け
た反射防止層が反射防止シートからなる導光板。
5. The light guide plate according to claim 4, wherein the antireflection layer provided on the lower surface of the light guide plate comprises an antireflection sheet.
【請求項6】 請求項1〜5において、反射防止層が表
面保護層を兼ねるものである導光板。
6. The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the antireflection layer also serves as a surface protection layer.
【請求項7】 請求項1〜6において、導光板の上面又
は下面に設けた反射防止層の波長550nmの垂直入射光
に対する反射率が2%以下である導光板。
7. The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the antireflection layer provided on the upper surface or the lower surface of the light guide plate has a reflectance of 2% or less for vertically incident light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
【請求項8】 請求項1〜7において、入射側面と下面
の両基準平面に対する垂直面内において、下面からの出
射光の最大強度の方向が下面の基準平面に対する法線に
対して30度以内にある導光板。
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the direction of the maximum intensity of the light emitted from the lower surface is within 30 degrees with respect to a normal to the lower reference plane in a plane perpendicular to both the incident side surface and the lower surface. Light guide plate.
【請求項9】 請求項1〜8において、光出射手段が短
辺面と長辺面からなる連続又は不連続のプリズム状凸凹
の50μm〜1.5mmピッチの繰返し構造よりなり、前
記短辺面が下面の基準平面に対し傾斜角30〜45度、
投影幅40μm以下で入射側面側よりその対向端側に下
り傾斜する斜面からなると共に、前記の長辺面が当該基
準平面に対し0超〜10度の傾斜角範囲にあってその全
体の角度差が5度以内であり、最寄り長辺面間の傾斜角
差が1度以内で、当該基準平面に対する投影面積が短辺
面のそれの5倍以上である斜面からなる導光板。
9. The short side surface according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting means has a continuous or discontinuous prism-shaped irregularity having a short side surface and a long side surface and a repetitive structure with a pitch of 50 μm to 1.5 mm. Is an inclination angle of 30 to 45 degrees with respect to a reference plane on the lower surface,
A projection width of 40 μm or less, a slope inclined downward from the incident side surface to the opposite end side, and the long side surface is in an inclination angle range of more than 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the reference plane, and the entire angle difference Is less than 5 degrees, the difference in inclination angle between the nearest long sides is within 1 degree, and the projected area with respect to the reference plane is at least five times that of the short sides.
【請求項10】 請求項9において、プリズム状凹凸の
稜線方向が入射側面の基準平面に対し±35度以内にあ
る導光板。
10. The light guide plate according to claim 9, wherein the ridge direction of the prismatic irregularities is within ± 35 degrees with respect to the reference plane of the incident side surface.
【請求項11】 請求項1〜10に記載の導光板の入射
側面に光源を有することを特徴とする面光源装置。
11. A surface light source device having a light source on an incident side surface of the light guide plate according to claim 1. Description:
【請求項12】 請求項11に記載の面光源装置の下面
側に、反射層を具備する液晶セルを有することを特徴と
する反射型液晶表示装置。
12. A reflection type liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell having a reflection layer on the lower surface side of the surface light source device according to claim 11.
JP10228705A 1998-04-17 1998-07-28 Light guide plate, surface light source device and reflective liquid crystal display device Pending JP2000048617A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10228705A JP2000048617A (en) 1998-07-28 1998-07-28 Light guide plate, surface light source device and reflective liquid crystal display device
DE69930025T DE69930025T2 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-04-16 Light guiding plate, surface light source device, and reflection type liquid crystal display
EP99107671A EP0950851B1 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-04-16 Light conductive plate, surface light source device, and reflection type liquid-crystal display
KR1019990013466A KR100634712B1 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-04-16 Light conductive plate, surface light source device, and reflection type liquid-crystal display
TW088106175A TW521137B (en) 1998-04-17 1999-04-17 Light conductive plate, surface light source device, and reflection type liquid-crystal display
US09/293,990 US6196692B1 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-04-19 Light conductive plate , surface light source device, and reflection type liquid-crystal display

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10228705A JP2000048617A (en) 1998-07-28 1998-07-28 Light guide plate, surface light source device and reflective liquid crystal display device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2000048617A true JP2000048617A (en) 2000-02-18

Family

ID=16880520

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP10228705A Pending JP2000048617A (en) 1998-04-17 1998-07-28 Light guide plate, surface light source device and reflective liquid crystal display device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2000048617A (en)

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JP2001250413A (en) * 2000-03-07 2001-09-14 Pioneer Electronic Corp Light source device
JP2002250917A (en) * 2001-02-26 2002-09-06 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Front light device having antireflection property and display device
US7566158B2 (en) 2004-12-24 2009-07-28 Lg Display Co., Ltd. Display device and backlight unit for the same
US7841730B2 (en) 2003-09-02 2010-11-30 Nitto Denko Corporation Light source device and crystal display device
JP2018101524A (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-28 大日本印刷株式会社 Manufacturing method of light guide plate, light guide place, surface light source device, display device
WO2022025067A1 (en) * 2020-07-28 2022-02-03 日東電工株式会社 Lighting-device light guide member, lighting device, and building material
WO2022264930A1 (en) * 2021-06-17 2022-12-22 日東電工株式会社 Light guide member for lighting device and lighting device

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JP2018101524A (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-28 大日本印刷株式会社 Manufacturing method of light guide plate, light guide place, surface light source device, display device
WO2022025067A1 (en) * 2020-07-28 2022-02-03 日東電工株式会社 Lighting-device light guide member, lighting device, and building material
JPWO2022025067A1 (en) * 2020-07-28 2022-02-03
WO2022264930A1 (en) * 2021-06-17 2022-12-22 日東電工株式会社 Light guide member for lighting device and lighting device

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