JP2000033369A - Water treating device - Google Patents
Water treating deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000033369A JP2000033369A JP10206025A JP20602598A JP2000033369A JP 2000033369 A JP2000033369 A JP 2000033369A JP 10206025 A JP10206025 A JP 10206025A JP 20602598 A JP20602598 A JP 20602598A JP 2000033369 A JP2000033369 A JP 2000033369A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- ultraviolet
- filter
- membrane separation
- concentrated water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、河川水、地下水等
を浄化して産業用水や水道用上水を得る場合などに使用
される水処理装置に関し、さらに詳述すると、原水を透
過水と濃縮水とに膜分離する膜分離装置を用いた水処理
装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water treatment device used for purifying river water, groundwater, etc. to obtain industrial water or tap water. The present invention relates to a water treatment apparatus using a membrane separation device that performs membrane separation into concentrated water.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、河川水、湖沼水といった表流水や
地下水等の原水を浄化して産業用水、水道用上水等を得
るための装置として、精密濾過膜や限外濾過膜を用いた
膜分離装置が使用されている。この膜分離装置は、原水
を透過水と濃縮水とに膜分離し、透過水を処理水とする
ものである。前記膜分離装置は、凝集沈殿濾過装置と同
様の機能を備える上、有害微生物の除去率が高く、また
無人運転が容易であるなどの利点を有する。そのため、
この膜分離装置は、前記のように河川水、地下水等を浄
化して産業用水や水道用上水を得るための装置として広
く採用されるようになっている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane has been used as a device for purifying raw water such as surface water such as river water or lake water or groundwater to obtain industrial water or tap water. A membrane separation device is used. In this membrane separation device, raw water is subjected to membrane separation into permeated water and concentrated water, and the permeated water is used as treated water. The membrane separation device has the same functions as the coagulation-sedimentation filtration device, and also has advantages such as a high removal rate of harmful microorganisms and easy unmanned operation. for that reason,
As described above, this membrane separation device has been widely adopted as a device for purifying river water, groundwater and the like to obtain industrial water and tap water.
【０００３】また、最近では、前記膜分離装置の分離膜
として、限外濾過膜よりさらに孔径の小さいナノ濾過膜
が注目されている。ナノ濾過膜を用いた膜分離装置によ
れば、理論的には、原水中の濁質や、細菌類、ウイルス
類等の微生物をほぼ完全に除去できるだけでなく、精密
濾過膜や限外濾過膜では除去できない農薬、トリハロメ
タン前駆物質等の溶解性有機物も高除去率で除去するこ
とが可能である。また、ナノ濾過膜を用いた膜分離装置
は、噴水等の親水の原水となる下水二次処理水を浄化す
るための手段としても着目されている。[0003] Recently, a nanofiltration membrane having a smaller pore size than an ultrafiltration membrane has attracted attention as a separation membrane of the membrane separation apparatus. According to a membrane separation device using a nanofiltration membrane, it is theoretically possible not only to remove turbidity in raw water, microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses almost completely, but also to use a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane. It is also possible to remove soluble organic matter such as pesticides and trihalomethane precursors which cannot be removed by high removal rate. Also, a membrane separation device using a nanofiltration membrane has been receiving attention as a means for purifying sewage secondary treated water that is raw water that is hydrophilic such as a fountain.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】前述した膜分離装置
は、河川水、湖沼水、地下水、下水二次処理水等を原水
とするため、その濃縮水中には、無機粒子や金属イオン
由来のコロイド物質等の懸濁物質とともに、近年問題と
なっている病原性微生物が濃縮された状態で含まれてい
る可能性がある。この病原性微生物の代表的なものとし
ては、集団感染を引き起こす病原性微生物であるクリプ
トスポリジウムのオーシスト（寄生虫卵）があり、この
クリプトスポリジウムのオーシストは通常の塩素殺菌処
理では殺菌することが難しい。Since the above-mentioned membrane separation apparatus uses river water, lake water, groundwater, sewage secondary treatment water and the like as raw water, the concentrated water contains colloids derived from inorganic particles and metal ions. Along with suspended substances such as substances, pathogenic microorganisms, which have become a problem in recent years, may be contained in a concentrated state. A typical example of this pathogenic microorganism is an oocyst (parasite egg) of Cryptosporidium, a pathogenic microorganism that causes a mass infection, and the oocyst of Cryptosporidium is difficult to sterilize by ordinary chlorine sterilization. .
【０００５】一方、前述した膜分離装置では、濃縮水の
一部又は全部をそのまま河川等の原水の取水先に放流し
ているのが一般的である。そのため、前記のような病原
性微生物が含まれている濃縮水を河川等に放流している
可能性があり、これは環境への影響（例えば環境の再汚
染）等の点で好ましいことではなかった。On the other hand, in the above-mentioned membrane separation apparatus, a part or all of the concentrated water is generally discharged as it is to a raw water intake such as a river. Therefore, there is a possibility that the concentrated water containing the pathogenic microorganisms as described above is discharged into a river or the like, which is not preferable in view of the influence on the environment (for example, recontamination of the environment). Was.
【０００６】本発明は、前記事情に鑑みてなされたもの
で、河川水、湖沼水、地下水、下水二次処理水等の原水
を透過水と濃縮水とに膜分離する膜分離装置を備えた水
処理装置であって、膜分離装置の濃縮水中にクリプトス
ポリジウムのオーシストのような病原性微生物が含まれ
ている場合でも、該病原性微生物を殺菌することが可能
な水処理装置を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and has a membrane separation apparatus for membrane-separating raw water such as river water, lake water, groundwater, and secondary sewage water into permeated water and concentrated water. Provided is a water treatment apparatus, which can sterilize pathogenic microorganisms even when pathogenic microorganisms such as oocysts of Cryptosporidium are contained in concentrated water of a membrane separation device. With the goal.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、前記目的を達
成するため、第１発明として、原水を透過水と濃縮水と
に膜分離する膜分離装置と、前記膜分離装置の濃縮水に
紫外線を照射する紫外線照射手段とを具備することを特
徴とする水処理装置を提供する。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides, as a first invention, a membrane separation device for separating raw water into permeated water and concentrated water, and a concentrated water of the membrane separation device. An ultraviolet irradiation means for irradiating ultraviolet light is provided.
【０００８】また、本発明は、第２発明として、原水を
透過水と濃縮水とに膜分離する膜分離装置と、前記膜分
離装置の濃縮水を濾過しつつ該濃縮水中に含まれる微生
物を捕捉するフィルタ、及び、該フィルタに捕捉された
微生物に紫外線を照射する紫外線ランプを備えた紫外線
照射手段とを具備することを特徴とする水処理装置を提
供する。Further, the present invention provides, as a second invention, a membrane separation device for membrane-separating raw water into permeated water and concentrated water, and a method for filtering microorganisms contained in the concentrated water while filtering the concentrated water of the membrane separation device. A water treatment apparatus comprising: a filter for capturing; and an ultraviolet irradiation means having an ultraviolet lamp for irradiating ultraviolet light to microorganisms captured by the filter.
【０００９】本発明で用いる膜分離装置の濃縮水中に含
まれている可能性がある病原性微生物、例えばクリプト
スポリジウムのオーシストは、通常の塩素殺菌処理では
殺菌することが困難であるが、紫外線を照射することに
よって比較的容易に死滅させることができる。したがっ
て、第１発明では膜分離装置の濃縮水に紫外線を照射す
ることにより、また第２発明ではフィルタで捕捉した微
生物に紫外線を照射することにより、膜分離装置の濃縮
水中にクリプトスポリジウムのオーシストのような病原
性微生物が含まれている場合でも、該病原性微生物を殺
菌してから放流することができるものである。[0009] Pathogenic microorganisms, for example, oocysts of cryptosporidium, which may be contained in the concentrated water of the membrane separation device used in the present invention, are difficult to sterilize by ordinary chlorine sterilization, but they are not capable of sterilizing ultraviolet light. Irradiation can kill them relatively easily. Therefore, in the first invention, ultraviolet light is irradiated to the concentrated water of the membrane separation device, and in the second invention, the microorganism captured by the filter is irradiated with ultraviolet light, so that the oocysts of Cryptosporidium are contained in the concentrated water of the membrane separation device. Even when such pathogenic microorganisms are contained, they can be released after sterilizing the pathogenic microorganisms.
【００１０】以下、本発明につきさらに詳しく説明す
る。第１及び第２発明の水処理装置では、原水を透過水
と濃縮水とに膜分離する膜分離装置を用いる。膜分離装
置の種類に限定はなく、原水の種類や水処理の目的等に
応じて適宜選定することができるが、通常は、分離膜と
して精密濾過膜、限外濾過膜又はナノ濾過膜を用いた膜
分離装置が好適に使用される。膜分離装置は、エレメン
トあるいはモジュールといった膜単位を複数使用したも
のでもよく、単数使用したものでもよい。また、膜分離
装置としては、定流量制御方式、定圧力制御方式といっ
た任意の制御方式、スパイラル型エレメント、中空糸型
エレメント、チューブラー型エレメント、平膜型エレメ
ントといった任意のエレメントを用いたものを使用する
ことができる。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. In the water treatment apparatuses according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, a membrane separation apparatus that performs membrane separation of raw water into permeated water and concentrated water is used. The type of membrane separation device is not limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the type of raw water, the purpose of water treatment, and the like.In general, a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, or a nanofiltration membrane is used as the separation membrane. The used membrane separation device is preferably used. The membrane separation device may use a plurality of membrane units such as elements or modules, or may use a single unit. In addition, as the membrane separation device, a device using an arbitrary control system such as a constant flow rate control system or a constant pressure control system, or an arbitrary element such as a spiral type element, a hollow fiber type element, a tubular type element, or a flat membrane type element is used. Can be used.
【００１１】第１発明の水処理装置は、前記膜分離装置
の濃縮水に紫外線を照射する紫外線照射手段を備えてい
る。紫外線照射手段の構成に限定はないが、例えば、内
部に紫外線ランプが配置された反応槽内に膜分離装置の
濃縮水を導入するとともに、この濃縮水に紫外線ランプ
により紫外線を照射するものを用いることができる。こ
の場合、第１発明では、紫外線照射手段として、クリプ
トスポリジウムのオーシスト等の病原性微生物を殺菌
（不活性化）する能力を持つ紫外線を照射するものを用
いる。このような紫外線照射手段としては、例えば、波
長２５４ｎｍ付近の紫外線のみを照射する低圧紫外線ラ
ンプ、又は、波長１８５ｎｍ付近の紫外線及び波長２５
４ｎｍ付近の紫外線を照射する低圧紫外線ランプを光源
とするものが挙げられる。これらの低圧紫外線ランプを
用いた紫外線照射手段によってクリプトスポリジウムの
オーシストを完全に死滅させるには、通常、反応槽内の
平均光強度をＩ（Ｗ／ｃｍ2）、反応槽内における濃縮
水の滞留時間をＴ（ｓｅｃ）としたとき、Ｉ×Ｔ≧０．
１（Ｗ・ｓｅｃ／ｃｍ2）、より好ましくはＩ×Ｔ≧１
（Ｗ・ｓｅｃ／ｃｍ2）となるような紫外線照射を行え
ばよい。[0011] The water treatment apparatus of the first invention is provided with ultraviolet irradiation means for irradiating the concentrated water of the membrane separation apparatus with ultraviolet light. Although there is no limitation on the configuration of the ultraviolet irradiation means, for example, a method in which concentrated water of a membrane separation device is introduced into a reaction vessel in which an ultraviolet lamp is disposed, and the concentrated water is irradiated with ultraviolet light by an ultraviolet lamp is used. be able to. In this case, in the first invention, a means for irradiating ultraviolet rays having an ability to kill (inactivate) pathogenic microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium oocysts is used as the ultraviolet irradiation means. As such an ultraviolet irradiation means, for example, a low-pressure ultraviolet lamp that irradiates only ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 254 nm, or an ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 185 nm and a wavelength of 25
The light source may be a low-pressure ultraviolet lamp that irradiates ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 4 nm. In order to completely kill Cryptosporidium oocysts by means of ultraviolet irradiation using these low-pressure ultraviolet lamps, usually, the average light intensity in the reaction tank is set to I (W / cm 2 ), and the concentration of concentrated water in the reaction tank is maintained. When the time is T (sec), I × T ≧ 0.
1 (W · sec / cm 2 ), more preferably I × T ≧ 1
(W · sec / cm 2 ).
【００１２】なお、波長１８５ｎｍ付近の紫外線は、水
中の有機物を酸化分解する能力を有する。したがって、
第１発明において、波長１８５ｎｍ付近の紫外線及び波
長２５４ｎｍ付近の紫外線を照射する低圧紫外線ランプ
を光源とする紫外線照射手段を用いた場合、膜分離装置
の濃縮水中に含まれる病原性微生物を殺菌するという効
果に加え、膜分離装置の濃縮水中に含まれる有機物を酸
化分解して該濃縮水中の有機物濃度を低減するという効
果を得ることができる。The ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 185 nm has the ability to oxidatively decompose organic substances in water. Therefore,
In the first invention, when an ultraviolet irradiation means using a low-pressure ultraviolet lamp that emits ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 185 nm and ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 254 nm as a light source is used, it is said that pathogenic microorganisms contained in the concentrated water of the membrane separation device are sterilized. In addition to the effect, the organic substance contained in the concentrated water of the membrane separation device can be oxidatively decomposed to reduce the organic substance concentration in the concentrated water.
【００１３】また、第１発明では、紫外線照射手段とし
て、膜分離装置の濃縮水にパルス状の紫外線を照射する
ものを好適に用いることができ、これにより前記濃縮水
中に含まれる病原性微生物の殺菌をより効率的に行うこ
とが可能となる。すなわち、この紫外線照射手段は強力
な紫外線を瞬間的に目的物に照射するため、殺菌効果が
大きく、したがってこのパルス状の紫外線を照射する紫
外線照射手段を用いることにより、短い紫外線照射時間
で効率的に病原性微生物の殺菌を行うことができ、その
結果、反応槽内における滞留時間の減少、すなわち反応
槽内に流入させる濃縮水流量の増加、あるいは反応槽容
量の減少が図れる。このようなパルス状の紫外線を照射
する紫外線照射手段としては、例えば、トリガ信号入力
部、トリガ電源部、トリガソケット部及びランプ主電源
部により構成された電源と、キセノンフラッシュランプ
とを備え、前記電源により充電と放電を繰り返しつつ、
キセノンフラッシュランプからパルス状の紫外線を発す
るものが挙げられる。In the first invention, a means for irradiating the concentrated water of the membrane separation device with pulsed ultraviolet light can be suitably used as the ultraviolet irradiation means, whereby the pathogenic microorganisms contained in the concentrated water can be removed. Sterilization can be performed more efficiently. In other words, since this ultraviolet irradiation means irradiates the target object with powerful ultraviolet light instantaneously, the sterilizing effect is large. Therefore, by using the ultraviolet irradiation means for irradiating this pulsed ultraviolet light, it is possible to efficiently use the ultraviolet light in a short ultraviolet irradiation time. As a result, the residence time in the reaction tank can be reduced, that is, the flow rate of the concentrated water flowing into the reaction tank can be increased, or the capacity of the reaction tank can be reduced. The ultraviolet light irradiating means for irradiating such pulsed ultraviolet light includes, for example, a power supply constituted by a trigger signal input section, a trigger power supply section, a trigger socket section and a lamp main power supply section, and a xenon flash lamp. While repeating charging and discharging by the power supply,
One that emits pulsed ultraviolet light from a xenon flash lamp may be used.
【００１４】第２発明の水処理装置は、膜分離装置の濃
縮水を濾過しつつ該濃縮水中に含まれる微生物を捕捉す
るフィルタと、該フィルタに捕捉された微生物に紫外線
を照射する紫外線ランプとを備えた紫外線照射手段を具
備する。この場合、前記フィルタは、クリプトスポリジ
ウムのオーシスト等の病原性微生物（通常は粒径４〜６
μｍ程度）を捕捉できるものであればよく、したがって
該フィルタとしては、通常、孔径１〜３μｍ程度の比較
的目の粗い膜を使用する。A water treatment apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention includes a filter that captures microorganisms contained in the concentrated water while filtering the concentrated water of the membrane separation device, and an ultraviolet lamp that irradiates the microorganisms captured by the filter with ultraviolet light. UV irradiation means provided with In this case, the filter comprises a pathogenic microorganism (usually having a particle size of 4 to 6) such as oocysts of Cryptosporidium.
Any filter can be used as long as it is capable of capturing about 1 μm). Therefore, a relatively coarse membrane having a pore size of about 1 to 3 μm is usually used as the filter.
【００１５】なお、第２発明で用いる紫外線ランプに関
しては、第１発明で述べたのと同様である。また、第２
発明においても、紫外線照射手段が、フィルタに捕捉さ
れた微生物にパルス状の紫外線を照射するものであるこ
とが好ましい。このパルス状の紫外線を照射する紫外線
照射手段については、前記と同様である。The ultraviolet lamp used in the second invention is the same as that described in the first invention. Also, the second
Also in the invention, it is preferable that the ultraviolet irradiation means irradiates the microorganisms captured by the filter with pulsed ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet irradiation means for irradiating this pulsed ultraviolet light is the same as described above.
【００１６】ただし、第２発明では、フィルタに捕捉さ
れた微生物のみに直接紫外線を照射して殺菌を行うこと
ができるので、濃縮水自体への紫外線照射時間は考慮し
なくてよく、そのため紫外線照射手段における濃縮水の
流量を大きくすることができる。したがって、第２発明
において、前記低圧紫外線ランプを用いた紫外線照射手
段によってクリプトスポリジウムのオーシストを完全に
死滅させるには、通常、フィルタに対する紫外線の平均
光強度をＩ´（Ｗ／ｃｍ2）、フィルタへの紫外線照射
時間をＴ´（ｓｅｃ）としたとき、Ｉ´×Ｔ´≧０．１
（Ｗ・ｓｅｃ／ｃｍ2）、より好ましくはＩ´×Ｔ´≧
１（Ｗ・ｓｅｃ／ｃｍ2）となるような紫外線照射を行
えばよい。However, in the second invention, only the microorganisms captured by the filter can be directly irradiated with ultraviolet rays to sterilize the microorganisms. Therefore, it is not necessary to consider the time of irradiating the concentrated water itself with ultraviolet rays. The flow rate of the concentrated water in the means can be increased. Therefore, in the second invention, in order to completely kill the oocysts of Cryptosporidium by the ultraviolet irradiation means using the low-pressure ultraviolet lamp, the average light intensity of the ultraviolet light with respect to the filter is usually set to I ′ (W / cm 2 ). I ′ × T ′ ≧ 0.1, where T ′ (sec) is the ultraviolet irradiation time
(W · sec / cm 2 ), more preferably I ′ × T ′ ≧
Ultraviolet irradiation may be performed so as to be 1 (W · sec / cm 2 ).
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の実施の形態】第１実施形態例 図１は、本発明に係る水処理装置の第１実施形態例を示
すフロー図である。図１において、２は井戸、４は井戸
２内に設置された取水ポンプ、６は取水管、８は孔径１
０μｍの濾過膜を用いた粗取り用膜濾過装置、１０は原
水槽、１２はナノ濾過膜を用いた膜分離装置、１４は原
水槽１０と膜分離装置１２との間の流路に設置された供
給ポンプ、１６は膜分離装置１２に接続された透過水流
出管、１８は透過水貯槽、２０は膜分離装置１２に接続
された濃縮水流出管、２１は濃縮水の一部を原水槽１０
に返送する濃縮水返送管、２２は濃縮水流出管２０に接
続された紫外線殺菌装置（紫外線照射手段）、２４は紫
外線殺菌装置２２に接続された処理水排出管を示す。上
記紫外線殺菌装置２２は、内部に低圧紫外線ランプ（不
図示）が配置された反応槽内に膜分離装置の濃縮水を連
続的に導入するとともに、この濃縮水に波長１８５ｎｍ
付近の紫外線及び波長２５４ｎｍ付近の紫外線を照射す
る低圧紫外線ランプにより紫外線を照射するものであ
る。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment of a water treatment apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, 2 is a well, 4 is an intake pump installed in the well 2, 6 is an intake pipe, and 8 is a hole diameter of 1
A membrane filtration device for roughing using a 0 μm filtration membrane, 10 is a raw water tank, 12 is a membrane separation device using a nanofiltration membrane, and 14 is installed in a flow path between the raw water tank 10 and the membrane separation device 12. Supply pump, 16 is a permeated water outlet pipe connected to the membrane separation device 12, 18 is a permeated water storage tank, 20 is a concentrated water outflow pipe connected to the membrane separation device 12, and 21 is a part of the concentrated water in a raw water tank. 10
A reference numeral 22 denotes an ultraviolet sterilizer (ultraviolet irradiation means) connected to the concentrated water outflow pipe 20, and reference numeral 24 denotes a treated water discharge pipe connected to the ultraviolet sterilizer 22. The ultraviolet sterilizer 22 continuously introduces the concentrated water of the membrane separation device into a reaction tank in which a low-pressure ultraviolet lamp (not shown) is disposed, and adds a wavelength of 185 nm to the concentrated water.
Ultraviolet rays are irradiated by a low-pressure ultraviolet lamp that irradiates ultraviolet rays near the wavelength and ultraviolet rays near the wavelength of 254 nm.
【００１８】本装置による水処理は、次のように行われ
る。まず、井戸２から取水ポンプ４で地下水を揚水し、
この地下水を粗取り用膜濾過装置８で濾過した後、原水
槽に導入する。なお、粗取り用膜濾過装置８は必要に応
じて設けられるものであるが、該装置８の濾過膜は孔径
１０μｍであるため、この膜濾過装置８で原水中の懸濁
物質は除去できるが、クリプトスポリジウムのオーシス
ト等の病原性微生物を除去することはできない。The water treatment by the present apparatus is performed as follows. First, groundwater is pumped from well 2 by intake pump 4,
This groundwater is filtered by a membrane filter 8 for roughing and then introduced into a raw water tank. The roughing membrane filtration device 8 is provided as necessary. However, since the filtration membrane of the device 8 has a pore diameter of 10 μm, suspended matter in raw water can be removed by the membrane filtration device 8. However, pathogenic microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium oocysts cannot be removed.
【００１９】原水槽１０内の原水は、供給ポンプ１４に
より加圧された状態で膜分離装置１２に導入され、ナノ
濾過膜を透過した透過水と、ナノ濾過膜を透過しない濃
縮水とに分離される。そして、透過水は透過水流出管１
６を経由して処理水として透過水貯槽１８に貯留され
る。また、濃縮水は濃縮水流出管２０に流出し、一部は
濃縮水返送管２１を通って原水槽１０に返送され、残部
は紫外線殺菌装置２２に導入される。The raw water in the raw water tank 10 is introduced into the membrane separator 12 while being pressurized by the supply pump 14, and is separated into permeated water that has passed through the nanofiltration membrane and concentrated water that has not passed through the nanofiltration membrane. Is done. And the permeated water is the permeated water outflow pipe 1
6 and stored in the permeated water storage tank 18 as treated water. The concentrated water flows out of the concentrated water outflow pipe 20, a part of the concentrated water is returned to the raw water tank 10 through the concentrated water return pipe 21, and the remaining part is introduced into the ultraviolet sterilizer 22.
【００２０】紫外線殺菌装置２２では、低圧紫外線ラン
プから濃縮水に波長１８５ｎｍ付近の紫外線及び波長２
５４ｎｍ付近の紫外線が照射される。この場合、本例の
装置では、平均光強度１ｍＷ／ｃｍ2（Ｉ＝０．００１
Ｗ／ｃｍ2）で２０分（Ｔ＝２０×６０＝１２００ｓｅ
ｃ）の紫外線照射（したがって、Ｉ×Ｔ＝１．２Ｗ・ｓ
ｅｃ／ｃｍ2）の紫外線照射を行う。これにより、濃縮
水にクリプトスポリジウムのオーシストのような病原性
微生物が含まれている場合に、該病原性微生物が殺菌さ
れる。また、濃縮水中に含まれる有機物が酸化分解さ
れ、濃縮水中の有機物濃度が低減する。紫外線殺菌装置
２２を出た濃縮水は、処理水排出管２４を経由して系外
に排出される。In the ultraviolet sterilizer 22, ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 185 nm and wavelength 2
Ultraviolet light near 54 nm is irradiated. In this case, in the apparatus of this example, the average light intensity is 1 mW / cm 2 (I = 0.001).
W / cm 2 ) for 20 minutes (T = 20 × 60 = 1200 seconds)
c) UV irradiation (accordingly, I × T = 1.2 W · s)
ec / cm 2 ). Accordingly, when the concentrated water contains pathogenic microorganisms such as oocysts of Cryptosporidium, the pathogenic microorganisms are sterilized. Further, organic substances contained in the concentrated water are oxidatively decomposed, and the concentration of the organic substances in the concentrated water is reduced. The concentrated water that has exited the ultraviolet sterilizer 22 is discharged out of the system via a treated water discharge pipe 24.
【００２１】第２実施形態例 図２は、本発明に係る水処理装置の第２実施形態例を示
すフロー図である。本例の装置は、紫外線殺菌装置の構
造が異なること以外は第１実施形態例の装置と同じであ
るため、図２において図１と同一の部分には同一参照符
号を付してその説明を省略する。 Second Embodiment FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a second embodiment of the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention. The apparatus of this example is the same as the apparatus of the first embodiment except that the structure of the ultraviolet sterilizer is different, and therefore, in FIG. 2, the same parts as those in FIG. Omitted.
【００２２】本例の装置の紫外線殺菌装置（紫外線照射
手段）３０は、図３に示すように、流路が直列に接続さ
れた同じ構成の２個の第１のフィルタ・ユニット４０及
び第２のフィルタ・ユニット５０を備えている。フィル
タ・ユニット４０は、孔径が約２μｍのチタン製の平膜
型メッシュフィルタ４２で上下に区画した２個の横に長
い小室４０ａ、４０ｂを有する一つの細長い容器で構成
され、各小室４０ａ、４０ｂには、それぞれ、フィルタ
４２に紫外線を照射する紫外線ランプ４３ａ、４３ｂが
石英ガラス保護管４５内に設けてある。また、小室４０
ａ、４０ｂに流体を流入出させるために、それぞれ、開
閉弁４８ａ、４８ｂを備えた流入管４６ａ、４６ｂが流
体入口側に、及び、開閉弁４９ａ、４９ｂを備えた流出
管４７ａ、４７ｂが流体出口側に設けてある。フィルタ
・ユニット５０も同じ構成を備えている。そして、フィ
ルタ・ユニット４０の流出管４７ａ、４７ｂを合流させ
た管は、フィルタ・ユニット５０の流入管５６ａ、５６
ｂに接続されている。As shown in FIG. 3, the ultraviolet sterilizer (ultraviolet irradiation means) 30 of the apparatus according to the present embodiment includes two first filter units 40 and a second filter unit 40 having the same configuration in which the flow paths are connected in series. Is provided. The filter unit 40 is composed of one elongated container having two horizontally long small chambers 40a, 40b vertically divided by a titanium flat membrane type mesh filter 42 having a pore diameter of about 2 μm, and each of the small chambers 40a, 40b Are provided in the quartz glass protective tube 45 with ultraviolet lamps 43a and 43b for irradiating the filter 42 with ultraviolet light. In addition, small room 40
In order to allow the fluid to flow into and out of the a and b, the inflow pipes 46a and 46b provided with on-off valves 48a and 48b are provided on the fluid inlet side, and the outflow pipes 47a and 47b provided with on-off valves 49a and 49b are provided with the fluid. It is provided on the exit side. The filter unit 50 has the same configuration. The pipes into which the outlet pipes 47a and 47b of the filter unit 40 have joined are the inlet pipes 56a and 56 of the filter unit 50.
b.
【００２３】本例の紫外線殺菌装置３０による処理は、
次のように行われる。まず、紫外線ランプ４３ａ、４３
ｂ、５３ａ及び５３ｂを点灯する。本装置３０におい
て、上記紫外線ランプとしては、波長２５４ｎｍ付近の
紫外線のみを照射する低圧紫外線ランプを使用してい
る。The treatment by the ultraviolet sterilizer 30 of this embodiment is as follows.
It is performed as follows. First, the ultraviolet lamps 43a, 43
b, 53a and 53b are turned on. In the present device 30, a low-pressure ultraviolet lamp that emits only ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 254 nm is used as the ultraviolet lamp.
【００２４】次いで、濾過工程（以下、第１の濾過工程
という）に入る。第１の濾過工程では、開閉弁４８ａ、
４９ｂを開放して、第１のフィルタ・ユニット４０の小
室４０ａに水を導入し、フィルタ４２で濾過して病原性
微生物を捕捉しつつ小室４０ｂ及び流出管４７ｂを経て
濾過水を第１のフィルタ・ユニット４０から流出させ
る。続いて、開閉弁５８ａ、５９ｂを開放して、第１の
フィルタ・ユニット４０から流出した濾過水を第２のフ
ィルタ・ユニット５０の小室５０ａに導入し、フィルタ
５２で濾過して小室５０ｂ及び流出管５７ｂを経て濾過
水を処理水として第２のフィルタ・ユニット５０から流
出させる。Next, a filtration step (hereinafter, referred to as a first filtration step) is started. In the first filtration step, the on-off valve 48a,
49b is opened, water is introduced into the small chamber 40a of the first filter unit 40, and the filtered water is filtered through the small chamber 40b and the outflow pipe 47b while trapping the pathogenic microorganisms by the filter 42. -Make it flow out of the unit 40. Subsequently, the on-off valves 58a and 59b are opened, and the filtered water flowing out of the first filter unit 40 is introduced into the small chamber 50a of the second filter unit 50, filtered by the filter 52, and filtered out of the small chamber 50b and outflow. The filtered water is discharged from the second filter unit 50 as treated water through the pipe 57b.
【００２５】水中の病原性微生物のうち、前述したクリ
プトスポリジウムのオーシスト等はその大きさが４〜６
μｍと言われており、フィルタ４２の孔径より大きいの
で、第１のフィルタ・ユニット４０のフィルタ４２です
べて捕捉され、紫外線ランプ４３ａ、４３ｂからの紫外
線に所定時間露出される。この場合、本例の装置では、
フィルタに対する平均光強度４ｍＷ／ｃｍ2（Ｉ´＝
０．００４Ｗ／ｃｍ2）で５分（Ｔ´＝５×６０＝３０
０ｓｅｃ）の紫外線照射（したがって、Ｉ´×Ｔ´＝
１．２Ｗ・ｓｅｃ／ｃｍ2）を行う。Among the pathogenic microorganisms in water, the oocysts of Cryptosporidium described above have a size of 4-6.
Since the diameter is larger than the pore diameter of the filter 42, it is all captured by the filter 42 of the first filter unit 40 and exposed to ultraviolet rays from the ultraviolet lamps 43a and 43b for a predetermined time. In this case, in the device of this example,
Average light intensity of 4 mW / cm 2 (I ′ =
0.004 W / cm 2 ) for 5 minutes (T ′ = 5 × 60 = 30)
0 sec) of ultraviolet irradiation (therefore, I ′ × T ′ =
1.2 W · sec / cm 2 ).
【００２６】所定時間（本例では５分）が経過した後、
第１のフィルタ・ユニット４０の逆洗を兼ねた次の濾過
工程（以下、第２の濾過工程と言う）に入る。第２の濾
過工程では、第２のフィルタ・ユニットの開閉弁の開閉
状態を第１の濾過工程と同じ状態に維持しながら、第１
のフィルタ・ユニット４０の開閉弁４８ｂ、４９ａを開
放すると共に開閉弁４８ａ、４９ｂを閉止する。これに
より、水は前記第１の濾過工程とは逆向きに第１のフィ
ルタ・ユニット４０内を小室４０ｂから小室４０ａに流
れ、フィルタ４２は、小室４０ａ側のフィルタ面が逆洗
されつつ小室４０ｂ側の面で濾過し、病原性微生物を捕
捉する。フィルタ４２の小室４０ａ側のフィルタ面に捕
捉され、紫外線照射されて不活性化した病原性微生物
は、逆洗によりフィルタ面を離れて第２のフィルタ・ユ
ニット５０の小室５０ａ内に導入され、フィルタ５２に
より捕捉され、さらに紫外線照射される。After a lapse of a predetermined time (5 minutes in this example),
A next filtration step (hereinafter, referred to as a second filtration step) also serving as back washing of the first filter unit 40 is started. In the second filtration step, while maintaining the open / close state of the on-off valve of the second filter unit in the same state as in the first filtration step, the first filter step is performed.
The opening / closing valves 48b and 49a of the filter unit 40 are opened and the opening / closing valves 48a and 49b are closed. As a result, water flows from the small chamber 40b to the small chamber 40a in the first filter unit 40 in the direction opposite to the first filtration step, and the filter 42 is washed while the filter surface on the small chamber 40a side is backwashed. Filter on the side face to capture pathogenic microorganisms. The pathogenic microorganisms trapped on the filter surface of the filter 42 on the side of the small chamber 40a and irradiated with ultraviolet rays and inactivated are separated from the filter surface by the backwash and introduced into the small chamber 50a of the second filter unit 50, and 52, and are further irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
【００２７】所定時間（本例では５分）の経過後、第２
のフィルタ・ユニット５０の逆洗を兼ねたさらに次の濾
過工程（以下、第３の濾過工程と言う）に入る。この第
３の濾過工程では、第１のフィルタ・ユニットの開閉弁
の開閉状態を前記第２の濾過工程と同じ状態に維持しな
がら、第２のフィルタ・ユニット５０の開閉弁５８ｂ、
５９ａを開放すると共に開閉弁５８ａ、５９ｂを閉止す
る。これにより、水は第２の濾過工程とは逆向きに第２
のフィルタ・ユニット５０内を小室５０ｂから小室５０
ａに流れ、フィルタ５２は、小室５０ａ側のフィルタ面
が逆洗されつつ小室５０ｂ側の面で濾過し、病原性微生
物を捕捉する。フィルタ５２の小室５０ａ側のフィルタ
面に捕捉された病原性微生物は、逆洗によりフィルタ面
を離れ、流出管５７ａから処理水と共に流出するが、該
病原性微生物は、第１のフィルタ・ユニット４０及び第
２のフィルタ・ユニット５０での紫外線照射により、既
に死滅しているので、何ら問題はない。After a lapse of a predetermined time (5 minutes in this example), the second
A further filtration step (hereinafter, referred to as a third filtration step) also serving as back washing of the filter unit 50 is performed. In the third filtration step, the on / off state of the on / off valve of the first filter unit is maintained in the same state as in the second filtration step, while the on / off valve 58b of the second filter unit 50 is
59a is opened and the on-off valves 58a and 59b are closed. This allows the water to flow through the second filtration step in the opposite direction to the second filtration step.
From the small chamber 50b to the small chamber 50
a, the filter 52 filters on the surface on the small chamber 50b side while the filter surface on the small chamber 50a side is backwashed, and captures pathogenic microorganisms. The pathogenic microorganisms trapped on the filter surface on the small chamber 50a side of the filter 52 leave the filter surface by backwashing and flow out together with the treated water from the outlet pipe 57a. Also, there is no problem because the second filter unit 50 has already been killed by ultraviolet irradiation.
【００２８】以上のような操作を繰り返すことにより、
フィルタ４２及び／又はフィルタ５２を逆洗しつつ、病
原性微生物が殺菌された安全な濃縮水を連続して取り出
すことができる。By repeating the above operation,
While backwashing the filter 42 and / or the filter 52, safe concentrated water in which pathogenic microorganisms are sterilized can be continuously taken out.
【００２９】なお、第１実施形態例及び第２実施形態例
の紫外線殺菌装置では通常の低圧紫外線ランプを用いた
が、この低圧水銀ランプに代えて前述したパルス状の紫
外線を発する紫外線ランプを使用しても良いことは言う
までもない。また、上記例では膜分離装置の濃縮水の一
部のみを紫外線殺菌装置に導入したが、濃縮水の全部を
紫外線殺菌装置に導入してもよい。さらに、膜分離装置
の濃縮水中の懸濁物質を凝集沈殿、遠心分離等で分離し
た後に濃縮水を紫外線殺菌装置に導入してもよい。In the ultraviolet sterilizers of the first and second embodiments, a normal low-pressure ultraviolet lamp is used. Instead of the low-pressure mercury lamp, the above-described ultraviolet lamp that emits pulsed ultraviolet light is used. Needless to say, this may be done. In the above example, only a part of the concentrated water of the membrane separation device is introduced into the ultraviolet sterilizer, but the entire concentrated water may be introduced into the ultraviolet sterilizer. Further, after the suspended substance in the concentrated water of the membrane separation device is separated by coagulation sedimentation, centrifugation or the like, the concentrated water may be introduced into an ultraviolet sterilizer.
【００３０】[0030]
【発明の効果】本発明の水処理装置によれば、膜分離装
置の濃縮水中にクリプトスポリジウムのオーシストのよ
うな病原性微生物が含まれている場合でも、該病原性微
生物を殺菌することができる。したがって、本発明の水
処理装置は、病原性微生物を殺菌してから濃縮水を放流
することができ、環境への影響等の点で好ましいもので
ある。According to the water treatment apparatus of the present invention, even when pathogenic microorganisms such as oocysts of Cryptosporidium are contained in the concentrated water of the membrane separation apparatus, the pathogenic microorganisms can be sterilized. . Therefore, the water treatment apparatus of the present invention can discharge concentrated water after sterilizing pathogenic microorganisms, which is preferable in view of the effect on the environment.
【図１】本発明に係る水処理装置の第１実施形態例を示
すフロー図である。FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment of a water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明に係る水処理装置の第２実施形態例を示
すフロー図である。FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a second embodiment of the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
【図３】図２の装置の紫外線照射手段の構成を示す模式
的断面図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an ultraviolet irradiation unit of the apparatus shown in FIG.
１０ 原水槽 １２ 膜分離装置 １６ 透過水流出管 １８ 透過水貯槽 ２０ 濃縮水流出管 ２２ 紫外線照射手段 ２４ 処理水排出管 ３０ 紫外線照射手段 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Raw water tank 12 Membrane separation device 16 Permeated water outflow pipe 18 Permeated water storage tank 20 Concentrated water outflow pipe 22 Ultraviolet irradiation means 24 Treated water discharge pipe 30 Ultraviolet irradiation means
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 4D006 GA02 GA06 GA07 KA72 KB04 KB14 PA01 PB04 PB05 PB22 PB24 PC51 4D037 AA01 AA05 AB03 AB18 BA18 BB01 CA02 CA03 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 4D006 GA02 GA06 GA07 KA72 KB04 KB14 PA01 PB04 PB05 PB22 PB24 PC51 4D037 AA01 AA05 AB03 AB18 BA18 BB01 CA02 CA03
Claims (4)
離装置と、前記膜分離装置の濃縮水に紫外線を照射する
紫外線照射手段とを具備することを特徴とする水処理装
置。1. A water treatment apparatus comprising: a membrane separation device for separating raw water into permeated water and concentrated water; and an ultraviolet irradiation means for irradiating concentrated water of the membrane separation device with ultraviolet light.
パルス状の紫外線を照射するものである請求項１に記載
の水処理装置。2. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet irradiation means irradiates the concentrated water of the membrane separation device with pulsed ultraviolet light.
離装置と、前記膜分離装置の濃縮水を濾過しつつ該濃縮
水中に含まれる微生物を捕捉するフィルタ、及び、該フ
ィルタに捕捉された微生物に紫外線を照射する紫外線ラ
ンプを備えた紫外線照射手段とを具備することを特徴と
する水処理装置。3. A membrane separation apparatus for membrane-separating raw water into permeated water and concentrated water, a filter for trapping microorganisms contained in the concentrated water while filtering the concentrated water of the membrane separation apparatus, and A water treatment device comprising: an ultraviolet irradiation means having an ultraviolet lamp for irradiating the captured microorganisms with ultraviolet light.
微生物にパルス状の紫外線を照射するものである請求項
３に記載の水処理装置。4. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the ultraviolet irradiation means irradiates the microorganisms captured by the filter with pulsed ultraviolet light.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10206025A JP2000033369A (en) | 1998-07-22 | 1998-07-22 | Water treating device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10206025A JP2000033369A (en) | 1998-07-22 | 1998-07-22 | Water treating device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000033369A true JP2000033369A (en) | 2000-02-02 |
Family
ID=16516659
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10206025A Pending JP2000033369A (en) | 1998-07-22 | 1998-07-22 | Water treating device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101786689A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2010-07-28 | 厦门市威士邦膜科技有限公司 | Membrane separation concentrated water treatment method and integral coupling device |
| JP2013511391A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2013-04-04 | ゲア ウエストファリア セパレイター グループ ゲーエムベーハー | Liquid processing equipment |
-
1998
- 1998-07-22 JP JP10206025A patent/JP2000033369A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013511391A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2013-04-04 | ゲア ウエストファリア セパレイター グループ ゲーエムベーハー | Liquid processing equipment |
| CN101786689A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2010-07-28 | 厦门市威士邦膜科技有限公司 | Membrane separation concentrated water treatment method and integral coupling device |
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