JP2000005783A - Cleaning treatment of river water and device therefor - Google Patents
Cleaning treatment of river water and device thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000005783A JP2000005783A JP18813898A JP18813898A JP2000005783A JP 2000005783 A JP2000005783 A JP 2000005783A JP 18813898 A JP18813898 A JP 18813898A JP 18813898 A JP18813898 A JP 18813898A JP 2000005783 A JP2000005783 A JP 2000005783A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- treatment
- river
- purification
- treatment device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、河川の汚濁水を導入し
て浄化処理し、その処理水を再び河川に放流するにあた
って行う河川の浄化方法及びその装置に関するものであ
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for purifying a river by introducing polluted water from the river, purifying the river, and discharging the treated water to the river again.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】河川には、その周辺流域の人口の増加や
産業の発展に伴い、家庭排水や畜産、工場排水等の汚濁
排水が流入し、それが河川等の有する自然浄化（自浄）
作用を上回るようになって、河川の水質が悪化し、悪臭
の発生、利水水質としての不適合や水生生物の生息環境
の悪化などをひきおこしている。そのため、河川の水質
の保全が急務となっている。水質保全の方法としては、
近年、河川水を浄化施設に導き、浄化した水を河川に直
接還流する、直接浄化による方法が多く行われている。2. Description of the Related Art Polluted wastewater, such as domestic wastewater, livestock, and industrial wastewater, flows into rivers along with the increase in population in the surrounding watershed and the development of industry.
As a result, the water quality of rivers deteriorates, causing odors, incompatibility as water quality, and deterioration of aquatic habitats. Therefore, conservation of river water quality is urgently needed. As a method of water quality conservation,
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, direct purification methods have been practiced in which river water is guided to a purification facility and purified water is directly returned to a river.
【０００３】河川水の汚濁程度の指標としては、有機物
による汚濁を表すＢＯＤ、濁質や固形物により汚濁を表
すＳＳ、水域の富栄養化を招く栄養塩類としてＴ−Ｎ
（全窒素）、Ｔ−Ｐ（全リン）などがある。Ｔ−Ｎの中
でもＮＨ4 −Ｎは、水中の硝化菌によって酸化される際
に多量の酸素を消費し、Ｎ−ＢＯＤとしてＢＯＤ値を著
しく増加させることがあるため、ＢＯＤの低減といった
面からも河川等の浄化にあたっては重要な浄化対象項目
である。[0003] As indicators of the degree of pollution of river water, BOD indicating pollution by organic matter, SS indicating pollution by turbidity and solid matter, and TN as nutrients causing eutrophication of water bodies are used.
(Total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus). Among TN, NH 4 -N consumes a large amount of oxygen when oxidized by nitrifying bacteria in water, and may significantly increase the BOD value as N-BOD. When purifying rivers, it is an important purification target.
【０００４】一方、汚濁の浄化方法には、微生物による
浄化作用を主とした生物学的方法と、沈殿、ろ過等の物
理的作用を主とした物理的方法がある。一般に、生物学
的浄化法は、浄化能力が高いが、微生物を利用するため
曝気が必要で、浄化に時間がかかる方法で、設置スペー
スに対し処理水量が少なく、曝気コストがかかる高級処
理である。他方、物理的浄化法は、溶解性の汚濁は浄化
できないため、生物学的浄化法に比ベ浄化能力が低い
が、曝気を必要とせず、短時間で行うことができる方法
で、設置スペースに対し、処理水量が多く、運転コスト
が安い簡易処理である。[0004] On the other hand, there are two methods of purifying pollutants: a biological method mainly using a microorganism and a physical method mainly using a physical action such as precipitation and filtration. In general, the biological purification method has a high purification ability, but requires aeration due to the use of microorganisms, and requires a long time for purification. It is a high-grade treatment that requires a small amount of water for installation space and aeration cost. . On the other hand, the physical purification method has a lower purification capacity than the biological purification method because it cannot purify soluble pollutants, but it does not require aeration and can be performed in a short time. On the other hand, it is a simple process with a large amount of treated water and low operating costs.
【０００５】それで、従来、河川に対する直接浄化の方
法としては、一般的には、河川敷等に礫層を埋設して、
これに汚濁水を導入して、生物学的浄化と物理的浄化を
同時に行う礫間接触酸化法が実施されているが、この方
法では、容積当りの有機性汚濁物質の除去効率が悪いこ
とから、大きなスペースを要し、かつ、長期の使用によ
り礫間に汚泥が詰り、汚泥の流出によって浄化効果（処
理水質）が悪化するため、近頃では、設置スペースが小
さく、大水量の処理が可能で汚泥の排除が容易な浄化方
法の利用が進められつつある。Conventionally, as a method for directly purifying rivers, generally, a gravel layer is buried in a riverbed or the like,
Pollutant water is introduced into the system to perform biological and physical purification at the same time, and the contact oxidation between gravel is carried out.However, this method has a low efficiency of removing organic pollutants per volume. Large space is required, and sludge is clogged between gravel due to long-term use, and the purification effect (treated water quality) deteriorates due to sludge flowing out. Recently, the installation space is small and large amounts of water can be treated. The use of purification methods that can easily remove sludge is being promoted.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、河川では、
季節等自然の状況によって水量、水質や汚濁の状態が大
きく変動するのが特徴であるから、河川水の浄化処理で
は、そのような変動に追随して年間を通し安定した浄化
効果を得ることが求められるが、単に上記従来の各浄化
法によるだけでは浄化の程度に過不足がでるため効果が
不十分である。However, in rivers,
It is a characteristic that the amount of water, water quality and the state of pollutant fluctuate greatly depending on the natural conditions such as the season.In river water purification treatment, it is possible to follow such fluctuations and obtain a stable purification effect throughout the year. Although it is required, simply using the above-described conventional purification methods is not sufficient because the degree of purification is excessive or insufficient.
【０００７】本発明は、かかる状況にかんがみなされた
もので、水量、水質に大きな変動のある河川水を直接に
浄化する場合において、上記変動に対応して、年間を通
じて安定した高い浄化効果を得ることができ、しかも低
ランニングコストで浄化処理のできる新規な方法及び装
置を提供しようとするものである。The present invention has been made in view of such a situation. In the case of directly purifying river water having large fluctuations in water volume and quality, a stable and high purification effect is obtained throughout the year in response to the fluctuations. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel method and apparatus capable of performing purification treatment at a low running cost.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、河川の直
接浄化する方法の研究、開発を進めるにあたって、ま
ず、河川や河川水の特徴につき種々の調査、研究を行っ
た。その調査期間における対象河川では、河川水の汚濁
濃度及び河川水量に大きな季節的変化のあるのが確認さ
れた。その河川水量と水質を表−１に示す。Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors conducted various investigations and studies on the characteristics of rivers and river waters in advance of research and development of a method for directly purifying rivers. During the survey period, it was confirmed that there was a large seasonal change in river water pollutant concentration and river water volume in the target rivers. Table 1 shows the river water volume and water quality.
【０００９】〔表−１〕[Table 1]
【００１０】すなわち、水温が高く降雨量が多い夏季に
は、河川流量は大きく、ＢＯＤ、ＮＨ4 −Ｎは低く、Ｓ
Ｓは高く、逆に、水温が低く降雨量が少ない冬季には、
河川流量は小さく、ＢＯＤ、ＮＨ4 −Ｎは高く、ＳＳは
低いことが確認できた。それにより、河川に適した浄化
方式は、夏季と冬季で異なり、夏季においては、ＳＳ除
去を目的とした物理的処理で高速に大水量を簡易処理し
たほうが安価に十分な浄化効果が期待できる、というこ
とを確心するに至った。That is, in summer, when the water temperature is high and the rainfall is large, the river flow is large, the BOD and NH 4 -N are low,
S is high, conversely, in winter when the water temperature is low and the rainfall is small,
The river flow was small, BOD and NH 4 -N were high, and SS was low. As a result, the purification method suitable for rivers differs between summer and winter, and in summer, sufficient purification effect can be expected at low cost by simply treating large amounts of water at high speed by physical treatment for SS removal. I came to know that.
【００１１】また、汚濁濃度は、水温、降雨量に応じ、
河川の自浄作用、降雨の希釈効果により低下するが、汚
濁負荷は、河川の自浄効果あるいは浄化施設の設置以外
には削減されない。つまり、浄化施設は河川の自浄効果
により削減されうる負荷量を越えた分について、浄化を
補完する役割がある。水温が下がり河川の自浄作用が低
下する冬季には、浄化施設で生物処理を行うようにすれ
ば、年間を通じ安定した浄化水質を得ることができるこ
とになる。そのためには、効率のよい浄化を行う必要が
あり、従来より指摘されている、大水量処理が容易であ
り、かつ、処理水量当りの運転コストが安価であること
に加えて、対象河川水の汚濁濃度、河川水量の変化に対
応可能な浄化方法が不可欠である。[0011] The pollutant concentration depends on the water temperature and the amount of rainfall.
The pollution load is reduced by the self-cleaning effect of the river and the dilution effect of rainfall, but the pollution load is not reduced except for the self-cleaning effect of the river or the installation of purification facilities. In other words, the purification facility has the role of complementing the purification beyond the load that can be reduced by the self-cleaning effect of the river. In winter, when the water temperature drops and the river's self-cleaning action declines, if the biological treatment is performed in the purification facility, stable purified water quality can be obtained throughout the year. For that purpose, it is necessary to carry out efficient purification, which has been pointed out in the past. In addition to the fact that large water treatment is easy and the operating cost per treated water is low, Purification methods that can respond to changes in pollutant concentration and river water volume are indispensable.
【００１２】また、行ってきた調査によれば、ＢＯＤ、
ＳＳ、ＮＨ4 −Ｎ濃度は、水温15〜20℃を境として大き
く変化することが判った。これは、水温と直接関係する
微生物活性、河川の自浄作用が、上記水温近くで大きく
変化するだけでなく、気温を通じて間接的に関係する降
雨量も、水温15〜20℃をはさんで大きく変化するためで
ある。気温と降雨量は密接な関係があるため、結果とし
て水温と河川流量、希釈効果との相関が得られるものと
考えられる。この調査期間における河川流量、水温と降
雨量、気温の関係を表−２に示す。According to a survey conducted, BOD,
It was found that the concentrations of SS and NH 4 —N greatly changed at a water temperature of 15 to 20 ° C. This is because not only the microbial activity directly related to the water temperature and the self-purifying action of the river greatly change near the above water temperature, but also the rainfall indirectly related to the temperature through the water temperature greatly changes across the water temperature of 15-20 ° C. To do that. Since there is a close relationship between temperature and rainfall, it is expected that the correlation between water temperature and river flow and dilution effect will be obtained as a result. Table 2 shows the relationship between river flow, water temperature, rainfall, and air temperature during this survey period.
【００１３】〔表−２〕[Table 2]
【００１４】そこで、水温15〜20℃以上では曝気を必要
としない大水量の物理的処理を行う浄化方法とし、水温
15〜20℃以下では曝気を必要とする生物学的処理を行う
浄化方法を採ることがよいとの考えから、多くの実験を
重ねた結果、年間を通じて安定した浄化効果を得ること
ができた。Therefore, a purification method for performing physical treatment of a large amount of water that does not require aeration at a water temperature of 15 to 20 ° C.
At 15-20 ° C or lower, it was thought that it would be better to adopt a purification method of performing biological treatment requiring aeration. As a result of repeated experiments, a stable purification effect was obtained throughout the year.
【００１５】本発明は、上記のような研究の結果に基づ
き形成されたもので、河川水の直接浄化では、施設に膨
大な敷地を要さずに行えること、水量の大幅な変動に追
随でき、年間を通して安定した高浄化効率が得られるこ
と、が必要であることから、処理の能力及び効率のよい
物理的浄化装置と生物学的浄化装置とを併設し、水温15
〜20℃以上と以下との範囲において、それら装置を使い
分けて浄化処理するようにしたものである。The present invention has been made based on the results of the above-mentioned research. The direct purification of river water can be performed without requiring a huge site in a facility, and can follow large fluctuations in water volume. It is necessary to obtain a stable and high purification efficiency throughout the year.
In the range of -20 ° C or more and below, these devices are selectively used for purifying treatment.
【００１６】そこで、本発明の構成について、実施の態
様を示した図面を参照して説明すると、請求項１の浄化
処理方法は、河川より導入した汚濁水を浄化処理して当
該河川に放流する方法において、物理的に浄化処理を行
う第１の処理装置Ａと、生物学的に浄化処理を行う第２
の処理装置Ｂとを併設し、導入する汚濁水の温度が15〜
20℃以上の範囲では、汚濁水を上記第１の処理装置Ａの
みに通水し、物理的処理を行って放流し、また、汚濁水
の温度が15〜20℃以下の範囲では、汚濁水をまず上記第
２の処理装置Ｂに通水して、生物学的処理を行い、次に
その処理水を第１の処理装置に送入して物理的処理を行
った後放流することを特徴とするものである。Therefore, the configuration of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings showing an embodiment. In the purification method of claim 1, the polluted water introduced from the river is purified and discharged to the river. In the method, a first treatment device A for physically performing a purification treatment and a second treatment device for performing a biological purification treatment are provided.
Of the polluted water to be introduced is 15 ~
In the range of 20 ° C. or more, the contaminated water is passed through only the first treatment apparatus A, subjected to physical treatment and discharged, and when the temperature of the contaminated water is in the range of 15 to 20 ° C. or less, the contaminated water is discharged. Is first passed through the second treatment apparatus B to perform biological treatment, and then the treated water is sent to the first treatment apparatus, subjected to physical treatment, and then discharged. It is assumed that.
【００１７】また、請求項２の処理装置は、礫等のろ材
を充填したろ床を有するろ過槽13により、汚濁水の物理
的浄化処理を行う第１の処理装置Ａと、礫等のろ材を充
填したろ床17，27と曝気手段８を設けた反応槽16，26に
より汚濁水の生物学的浄化処理を行う第２の処理装置Ｂ
とを併設し、河川より取水経路に導入した汚濁水を、上
記第１処理装置Ａと第２処理装置Ｂのいずれかに選択し
て供給する手段と、汚濁水の温度を計測する手段４を設
けるとともに、反応槽16，26の排出側とろ過槽13の供給
側とを管路で接続し、ろ過槽13の方に処理水の放流管７
を設けたことを特徴とするものである。Further, the processing apparatus according to claim 2 comprises a first processing apparatus A for performing a physical purification treatment of polluted water by a filter tank 13 having a filter bed filled with a filter medium such as gravel, and a filter medium for gravel and the like. Processing apparatus B for performing biological purification treatment of polluted water by filter beds 17 and 27 filled with water and reaction tanks 16 and 26 provided with aeration means 8
And means for selectively supplying the contaminated water introduced into the water intake path from the river to either the first treatment apparatus A or the second treatment apparatus B, and means 4 for measuring the temperature of the contaminated water. At the same time, the discharge side of the reaction tanks 16 and 26 and the supply side of the filtration tank 13 are connected by a pipeline, and the treated water discharge pipe 7 is connected to the filtration tank 13.
Is provided.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態につい
て、図面を参照して説明する。図１は本発明方法の実施
態様を例示し、図２、図３はそれぞれ具体化した装置の
実施例を示したものである。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the method of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 each show an embodiment of the embodied apparatus.
【００１９】本発明は、河川の汚濁水を導入し、これを
浄化処理して再び河川へ放流する。取水は、直接浄化の
対象となる河川自体やそれに附随した水路や諸施設より
行われる。処理水量が多く、取水に要する動力をなるべ
く省くため、ゴム堰などを設けて取水する方法が一般的
である。According to the present invention, polluted water from a river is introduced, purified, and discharged to the river again. The water is taken from the river itself, which is the subject of direct purification, and the associated waterways and facilities. In order to reduce the power required for water intake as much as possible, a method of providing water with a rubber weir or the like is generally used.
【００２０】本発明では、図１に示すように、物理的に
浄化を行う第１の処理装置Ａと、生物学的に浄化を行う
第２の処理装置Ｂとが併設される。河川からの汚濁水
は、取水経路１により導入される。取水経路１は２つの
供給管路（以下管路という）２，３に分岐され、管路２
は第１の処理装置Ａに、また、管路３の方は第２の処理
装置Ｂのそれぞれ供給側に接続されている。そして、取
水経路１には水温計４が設けられ、汚濁水の温度を計測
するようになっているとともに、管路２及び３にはそれ
ぞれその管路２，３を開閉するゲート５ａ，５ｂが設け
られ、ゲート５ａ，５ｂの開閉切り換え操作によって、
汚濁水が第１の処理装置Ａまたは第２の処理装置Ｂのど
ちらかに供給されるようになっている。In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a first processing apparatus A for physically cleaning and a second processing apparatus B for biologically cleaning are provided in parallel. The polluted water from the river is introduced through intake channel 1. The intake path 1 is branched into two supply pipes (hereinafter referred to as pipes) 2 and 3 and
Is connected to the first processing unit A, and the pipe 3 is connected to the supply side of the second processing unit B. A water temperature gauge 4 is provided in the water intake path 1 so as to measure the temperature of the polluted water. Gates 5a and 5b for opening and closing the pipes 2 and 3 are provided in the pipes 2 and 3, respectively. Provided by the switching operation of the gates 5a and 5b.
The contaminated water is supplied to either the first treatment device A or the second treatment device B.
【００２１】また、第２処理装置Ｂの排出側と第１処理
装置Ａの供給側とを結んで接続管路６が設けられてお
り、第２処理装置Ｂにおいて浄化処理された処理水は、
接続管路６より第１処理装置Ａに送られて更に浄化処理
され、その装置Ａの放流管７より河川に放出されるよう
になっている。A connecting line 6 is provided to connect the discharge side of the second processing unit B and the supply side of the first processing unit A, and the treated water purified in the second processing unit B is
The water is sent to the first processing device A from the connection pipe line 6, further purified, and discharged to the river from the discharge pipe 7 of the device A.
【００２２】物理的浄化を行う第１処理装置Ａは、主と
して、汚濁水中のＳＳ分の除去を行う。その浄化方式と
しては、沈澱やろ過による方式が採用されるが、礫や
砂、繊維類、プラスチック材などを充填したろ床に通水
する砂ろ過や高速ろ過方式とすれば、処理能力が大であ
るため、設置面積の小さなコンパクトな装置とすること
ができる。The first treatment apparatus A for performing physical purification mainly removes SS content in polluted water. As the purification method, a method using precipitation or filtration is adopted.However, if a sand filtration or high-speed filtration method is used in which water is passed through a filter bed filled with gravel, sand, fibers, plastic materials, etc., the processing capacity is large. Therefore, a compact device having a small installation area can be obtained.
【００２３】生物学的浄化を行う第２の処理装置Ｂは、
主として有機物やアンモニアの酸化除去、硝化処理に関
与する。その浄化方式としては、礫を充填したろ床と曝
気手段８を設けた曝気付礫間接触酸化方式や固定床或は
流動床と曝気手段８を設けた生物膜ろ過方式などがある
が、これに限定されるものではない。The second processing apparatus B for carrying out biological purification includes:
It is mainly involved in oxidative removal of organic substances and ammonia and nitrification. As a purification method, there are a contact oxidation method between aerated gravel provided with a filter bed filled with gravel and aeration means 8 and a biofilm filtration method provided with a fixed bed or a fluidized bed and an aeration means 8. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
【００２４】本発明は、上記の処理装置を用いて行うも
のであるが、汚濁水の浄化処理にあたっては、物理的浄
化処理を行う第１の方法と、生物学的浄化処理を行った
後物理的浄化処理を行う第２の方法とを選択して実施す
る。その選択は、温度計４で検出された汚濁水の温度に
よって行うようにし、汚濁水温が15〜20℃以上の範囲で
は第１の方法を採り、汚濁水温が15〜20℃以下の範囲で
は第２の処理法を採るのである。The present invention is carried out by using the above-mentioned treatment apparatus. In the treatment of polluted water, a first method of performing a physical purification treatment and a physical treatment after a biological purification treatment are performed. And the second method for performing the selective purification process is performed. The selection is made based on the temperature of the polluted water detected by the thermometer 4. The first method is adopted when the temperature of the polluted water is 15 to 20 ° C or higher, and the first method is used when the temperature of the polluted water is 15 to 20 ° C or lower. The second processing method is adopted.
【００２５】第１の方法を採るには、管路２のゲート５
ａを開とし、管路３のゲート５ｂを閉とする。それによ
り、取水経路１からの汚濁水は管路２から第１の処理装
置Ａのみに供給され、同装置Ａにおいてのろ過処理によ
りＳＳ分が除去され、その処理水は放流管７より河川へ
と放出されることになる。In order to adopt the first method, the gate 5 of the pipe 2
a is opened, and the gate 5b of the pipeline 3 is closed. As a result, the contaminated water from the intake path 1 is supplied from the pipe 2 to only the first treatment apparatus A, and the SS content is removed by the filtration treatment in the apparatus A, and the treated water is discharged from the discharge pipe 7 to the river. Will be released.
【００２６】第２の方法を採るには、管路２のゲート５
ａを閉とし、管路３のゲート５ｂを開とする。それによ
り、取水経路１からの汚濁水は管路３から第２処理装置
Ｂに供給され、同装置において、酸化、硝化の生物学的
処理を受けて、汚濁水中の有機物やアンモニア等の除去
がなされる。そして、その処理水は接続管路６から第１
処理装置Ａに供給され、ＳＳが除去されて、放流管７よ
り河川へと放出されることになる。In order to adopt the second method, the gate 5 of the pipeline 2
a is closed, and the gate 5b of the pipeline 3 is opened. As a result, the contaminated water from the water intake path 1 is supplied from the pipe 3 to the second treatment apparatus B, where it undergoes biological treatment such as oxidation and nitrification to remove organic substances and ammonia from the contaminated water. Done. Then, the treated water flows from the connection pipe 6 to the first
After being supplied to the processing apparatus A, the SS is removed and discharged from the discharge pipe 7 into the river.
【００２７】すでに述べたように、河川水の水質は、四
季を通じ、水温15〜20℃を境として大きく変化する。水
温が15〜20℃以上の範囲では、水量とＳＳが増加する
が、ＢＯＤとＮＨ4 −Ｎの値は減少するので、水質汚染
の比較的少ない河川等では、主としてＳＳ除去を行うだ
けの物理的処理でも浄化の目的は十分達せられるように
なる。また、水温が15〜20℃以下の範囲のときには、水
量も少なくなり、ＢＯＤやＮＨ4 −Ｎの値も大となるの
で、その除去を生物学的処理によって行い、次いで物理
的処理によってＳＳの除去をするのである。そして、上
記第１の方法と第２の方法との切換えは、水温計４の検
出水温に応じて、ゲート５ａ，５ｂの開閉を人手で行う
ようにするか、自動制御によって行うようにする。As described above, the quality of river water greatly changes throughout the four seasons at a water temperature of 15 to 20 ° C. When the water temperature is in the range of 15 to 20 ° C or higher, the amount of water and SS increase, but the values of BOD and NH 4 -N decrease. The objectives of purification can be sufficiently achieved even with the objective treatment. Further, when the water temperature is in the range of 15 to 20 ° C. or less, the amount of water decreases and the values of BOD and NH 4 —N also increase, so the removal is performed by biological treatment, and then the SS is removed by physical treatment. We will remove it. The switching between the first method and the second method is performed by manually opening or closing the gates 5a and 5b or by automatic control according to the water temperature detected by the water temperature gauge 4.
【００２８】次に、本発明において使用する装置につい
て説明する。図２はその一実施例を示したもので、Ａは
第１処理装置、Ｂは第２処理装置である。第１処理装置
Ａは、ろ過槽10が設置され、その槽10中の片側に、非処
理水を導入する下降路11が形成され、その隣に、下部に
礫、砂、繊維類、プラスチック材等のろ材を充填したろ
床13を備えた処理部12が、ろ床13と槽底との間に下降路
11との連通路14を隔てて設けられており、処理部12のろ
床13より離れた上部には放流管７が設けられているとと
もに、槽底部には沈澱した汚泥等の引抜管15が設けられ
ている。Next, an apparatus used in the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention, wherein A is a first processing device and B is a second processing device. In the first treatment apparatus A, a filtration tank 10 is installed, and a descending path 11 for introducing non-treated water is formed on one side of the tank 10, and gravel, sand, fibers, plastics material is provided at a lower part next to the same. A processing unit 12 equipped with a filter bed 13 filled with filter media such as
A discharge pipe 7 is provided at an upper portion of the treatment section 12 distant from the filter bed 13, and a discharge pipe 15 for settled sludge or the like is provided at the bottom of the tank. Is provided.
【００２９】また、第２処理装置Ｂは、横長に形成した
反応槽16の中に礫を充填した横長の接触ろ床17が設置さ
れ、該ろ床17の下底部にはブロワ９に接続された曝気手
段８が設けられている。そして、水温計４を設けた取水
経路１は２つの管路２，３に分岐され、一方の管路２は
第１処理装置Ａの槽10の下降路11の上部に接続され、他
方の管路３は第２処理装置Ｂの槽16の一端側（供給側）
上部に接続され、各管路２、３にはゲート５ａ，５ｂが
設けられている。また、槽16の他端側（排出側）の上部
には、槽10の下降路11の上部と連通する接続管路６が設
けられている。In the second processing apparatus B, a horizontally long contact filter bed 17 filled with gravel is installed in a horizontally long reaction tank 16, and the lower bottom of the filter bed 17 is connected to the blower 9. Aeration means 8 is provided. Then, the water intake path 1 provided with the water temperature gauge 4 is branched into two pipes 2 and 3, and one pipe 2 is connected to the upper part of the descending path 11 of the tank 10 of the first processing apparatus A, and the other pipe is provided. Path 3 is one end side (supply side) of tank 16 of second processing apparatus B
The pipes 2 and 3 are connected to the upper part, and are provided with gates 5a and 5b. In addition, a connection pipe 6 communicating with the upper part of the descending path 11 of the tank 10 is provided on the other end side (discharge side) of the tank 16.
【００３０】上記装置により汚濁水を処理するには、さ
きにも説明したように、水温が15〜20℃以上の範囲にお
いては、ゲート５ａを開、ゲート５ｂを閉として運転す
る。汚濁水は管路２より第１処理装置Ａの槽10の上部に
流入し、下降路11、連通路14より処理部12に入り、ろ床
13を上昇してＳＳが除去され、上部の排出管７より放出
される。また、水温が15〜20℃以下の範囲においては、
ゲート５ｂを開、ゲート５ａを閉として運転する。汚濁
水は管３から第２処理装置Ｂの槽16に流入し、接触ろ床
17を通って生物学的処理を受けた後、接続管路６より第
１処理装置Ａに流入し、上記同様に処理され、放流管７
より放出されることになる。In order to treat polluted water by the above apparatus, as described above, when the water temperature is in the range of 15 to 20 ° C. or higher, the gate 5a is opened and the gate 5b is closed. The contaminated water flows into the upper part of the tank 10 of the first treatment apparatus A through the pipe 2, enters the treatment section 12 through the descending path 11 and the communication path 14, and enters the filter bed.
The SS is removed by ascending 13 and is discharged from the upper discharge pipe 7. Also, when the water temperature is in the range of 15 to 20 ° C or less,
The operation is performed with the gate 5b opened and the gate 5a closed. The contaminated water flows from the pipe 3 into the tank 16 of the second treatment apparatus B,
After undergoing the biological treatment through 17, it flows into the first treatment device A from the connection line 6, is treated in the same manner as described above, and is discharged from the discharge line 7.
Will be released more.
【００３１】この実施例の装置は、取水経路１と排出管
７との落差が２ｍ以上とれる場合に好適である。汚濁水
はその取り入れから放流まで、その落差によって何の動
力を要することなく流通し処理される。The apparatus of this embodiment is suitable for the case where the head between the water intake path 1 and the discharge pipe 7 has a height of 2 m or more. The polluted water is distributed and treated without any power by its head from its intake to discharge.
【００３２】図３は本発明に使用する装置の他の実施例
を示したものである。この実施例では、第１処理装置Ａ
は、上下中間部に礫、砂、繊維類、プラスチック材など
のろ材を充填したろ床23を設けた、下向流式の竪長なろ
過槽20を備えており、この槽20の底部には放流管７が設
けられている。また、第２処理装置Ｂの方は、上下中間
部に、固定ろ材や礫などの坦体を充填した生物膜ろ床27
を設けるとともに、該ろ床27の下側にブロワ９に接続し
た曝気手段８を設けた、下向流式の竪長な反応槽26を備
えており、槽26の底部には、上記ろ過槽20の上部と連通
する接続管６が設けられている。FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the apparatus used in the present invention. In this embodiment, the first processing device A
Is equipped with a filter bed 23 filled with filter media such as gravel, sand, fibers, and plastic materials in the upper and lower middle part. Is provided with a discharge pipe 7. Further, the second treatment apparatus B has a biofilm filter bed filled with a carrier such as a fixed filter medium or gravel in the upper and lower middle portions.
And a vertical reaction vessel 26 of a downward flow type provided with aeration means 8 connected to the blower 9 below the filter bed 27, and the above-mentioned filtration vessel is provided at the bottom of the vessel 26. A connection pipe 6 communicating with the upper part of 20 is provided.
【００３３】この実施例では、上記装置Ａ，Ｂのほかに
分配槽30が設置され、この分配槽30の一側上部には取水
経路１が、同他側上部には、ろ過槽20の上部に至る管路
２が接続されている。また、分配槽30内には揚水ポンプ
31が設けられ、これに反応槽26の上部に至る管路３が接
続されている。なお、図中４に水温計である。In this embodiment, in addition to the devices A and B, a distribution tank 30 is provided. An intake path 1 is provided on one side of the distribution tank 30, and an upper part of the filtration tank 20 is provided on the other side. Is connected. The distribution tank 30 has a pump
31 is provided, to which the pipe line 3 reaching the upper part of the reaction tank 26 is connected. In addition, 4 is a water temperature gauge in the figure.
【００３４】この実施例の装置では、取水経路１よりの
汚濁水は、一旦分配槽30に流入する。それで、水温が15
〜20℃以上の範囲にあるときは、揚水ポンプの運転を止
めておく。それにより分配槽30中の汚濁水は管路２にオ
ーバーフローしてろ過槽20に供給されることになり、そ
こでろ過された処理水は放流管７より放出されることに
なる。In the apparatus of this embodiment, the contaminated water from the water intake path 1 flows into the distribution tank 30 once. So the water temperature is 15
When the temperature is in the range of ~ 20 ° C or higher, stop the operation of the water pump. As a result, the contaminated water in the distribution tank 30 overflows to the pipe 2 and is supplied to the filtration tank 20, and the treated water filtered there is discharged from the discharge pipe 7.
【００３５】また、水温が15〜20℃以下の範囲にあると
きは、揚水ポンプ31を運転する。それにより、汚濁水は
反応槽26に供給され、そこで生物学的浄化処理を受けた
後、接続管６より次のろ過槽20に流入して物理的なろ過
処理をされ、排出管７より放出されることになる。この
場合、ポンプ31による揚水により、槽30内の水位を管路
２の接続口より低く保つようにしていれば、ろ過槽20へ
の水の供給は行われなくなるので、さきの実施例におけ
るようなゲート５ａ，５ｂを設ける必要がない。When the water temperature is within the range of 15 to 20 ° C., the water pump 31 is operated. As a result, the contaminated water is supplied to the reaction tank 26, where it undergoes biological purification treatment, and then flows into the next filtration tank 20 through the connection pipe 6, undergoes physical filtration processing, and is discharged through the discharge pipe 7. Will be done. In this case, if the water level in the tank 30 is kept lower than the connection port of the pipeline 2 by pumping the water by the pump 31, the supply of water to the filtration tank 20 is not performed, as in the previous embodiment. There is no need to provide a simple gate 5a, 5b.
【００３６】この実施例の装置は、第２処理装置へは揚
水による供給手段を採っているので、特に、取水と放水
との間であまり水位差がない場合に好適である。また、
生物ろ槽は竪型の上向流方式とすることができるので、
敷地の狭いような条件下でも設置することが可能とな
る。Since the apparatus of this embodiment employs a means for supplying water to the second treatment apparatus by pumping, it is particularly suitable when there is not much difference in water level between water intake and water discharge. Also,
Since the biological filter tank can be a vertical upward flow system,
It can be installed even under conditions where the site is narrow.
【００３７】[0037]
【実施例】本発明について実験を行った。実験対象とし
た浄化方法の概要を表−３に示す。生物学的浄化法に
は、従来法として曝気付き礫間接触酸化法、新技術とし
て生物膜ろ過法を対象に選んだ。また、物理的浄化法は
高速ろ過とした。EXAMPLES Experiments were performed on the present invention. Table 3 shows the outline of the purification method used for the experiment. For the biological purification method, we chose a method of catalytic oxidation between gravel with aeration as a conventional method and a biofilm filtration method as a new technology. The physical purification method was high-speed filtration.
【００３８】〔表−３〕[Table 3]
【００３９】河川の浄化では、浄化対象水量が0.01〜10
ｍ3/ｓ程度に及ぶため、運転コストの削減は実用上の重
要な課題である。物理的浄化法は、一般に生物学的方法
に比べて安価であるが、それでも高速ろ過を小規模河川
（0.1 ｍ3/ｓ）の浄化に適用した場合、毎分12.6円、 毎
年約 660万円の運転費が必要となる。In river purification, the amount of water to be purified is 0.01 to 10
Since the power consumption reaches about m 3 / s, reduction of operating cost is an important practical issue. Physical purification methods are generally less expensive than biological methods, but if high-speed filtration is applied to the purification of small rivers (0.1 m 3 / s), 12.6 yen per minute, about 6.6 million yen per year Operating costs are required.
【００４０】本実験例により得られた平均処理水質を表
−４、表−５に示す。対象河川の水質は夏季に比べ冬季
に大きく悪化したが、曝気を行う生物学的浄化方式であ
る曝気付き礫間接触酸化法、生物膜ろ過法では、低水温
期にも良好な処理水質が得られ、年間を通してＢＯＤ10
mg／ｌ以下であった。さらに、生物学的処理と物理的処
理浄化を組み合わせた場合（Ｄ方式）では、年間を通じ
てＢＯＤ５mg／ｌ以下であった。Tables 4 and 5 show the average treated water qualities obtained in this experimental example. Although the water quality of the target river deteriorated significantly in winter compared with summer, the biological purification methods of aeration, such as contact oxidation between gravel with aeration and biofilm filtration, provided good treated water quality even in low water temperature periods. And BOD10 throughout the year
mg / l or less. Furthermore, when the biological treatment and the physical treatment purification were combined (D method), the BOD was 5 mg / l or less throughout the year.
【００４１】〔表−４〕[Table-4]
【００４２】〔表−５〕[Table-5]
【００４３】曝気を行わない物理的浄化方式では、処理
水量当たりの運転コストは、曝気を行う方式に比べ30〜
50％安く、高水温期には良好な処理水質が得られたが、
低水温期に処理水質が著しく悪化しＢＯＤ10mg／ｌ以上
となった。これでは環境基準Ｄ類型も満足できない。こ
れに対し、低水温期のみ生物学的浄化を付加する本発明
の方法では、運転コストは曝気を行わない物理的浄化法
よりも若干高いものの、曝気とポンプ取水を常時行う方
式に比べ20％程度安く、処理水質は年間を通じてＢＯＤ
5mg／ｌ以下であった。In the physical purification method without aeration, the operating cost per treated water amount is 30 to 30 times less than in the method with aeration.
Although it is 50% cheaper and has good treated water quality in the high water temperature period,
During the low water temperature period, the quality of the treated water deteriorated remarkably, and the BOD became 10 mg / l or more. In this case, the environmental standard D type cannot be satisfied. On the other hand, in the method of the present invention in which biological purification is added only in the low water temperature period, the operation cost is slightly higher than the physical purification method without aeration, but it is 20% higher than the method in which aeration and pump intake are always performed. Moderately cheap, treated water quality is BOD throughout the year
It was less than 5 mg / l.
【００４４】また、本試験での放流点における浄化効果
を表６に示す。８月と１月の試験成績を夏季、冬季にお
ける代表例として挙げた。８月には固形物（ＳＳ）由来
の汚濁が高く、曝気を行わない物理的浄化方法により良
好な処理水質が得られた。１月には汚濁濃度が高く、ア
ンモニア性窒素濃度も高いため、曝気を行う生物学的浄
化を物理的浄化に付加することで、浄化水質が確保され
た。Table 6 shows the purification effect at the discharge point in this test. The test results in August and January are listed as typical examples in summer and winter. In August, the solids (SS) -derived pollutants were high, and good treated water quality was obtained by physical purification without aeration. In January, the concentration of pollutants was high and the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen was high. Therefore, the quality of purified water was secured by adding biological purification, which involves aeration, to physical purification.
【００４５】また、河川の環境基準との比較を表−７に
示す。対象河川は環境基準Ｄ類型に指定されているが、
そこのＢＯＤ値は17.8mg／ｌであって、水質が向上する
夏季においても基準を満足していなかったが、実験の結
果から、本発明によれば、上記基準を十分満することが
できるものであった。Table 7 shows a comparison with river environmental standards. The target river is designated as environmental standard D type,
The BOD value there was 17.8 mg / l, which did not meet the standard even in the summer when the water quality improved. However, according to the results of the experiment, according to the present invention, the standard could be satisfied. Met.
【００４６】〔表−７〕[Table-7]
【００４７】[0047]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の方法によ
れば、河川の汚濁水の直接浄化において、水温の高いと
きには、水量が大で有機物などによる汚染が少ないがＳ
Ｓが増大し、また、水温が低いときには、水量が小で有
機物などによる汚染が大となるがＳＳが減少する、とい
う河川水の特徴を把握して、水温の高低による切換え操
作により、汚濁水の浄化処理を、物理的処理を主体とす
る方法と、生物学的処理と物理的処理とによる方法とに
選択して行うことができ、したがって、膨大な敷地や施
設を要さずに、水量や汚染度の変動に追随して、年間を
通して安定して浄化効率のよい処理が行えることができ
ることとなる。As described above, according to the method of the present invention, in the direct purification of polluted water from rivers, when the water temperature is high, the amount of water is large and the pollution by organic substances is small, but
When the water temperature is low, and the water temperature is low, the amount of water is small and the pollution by organic matter becomes large, but the SS decreases. The purification process can be selected from a method based on physical treatment and a method based on biological treatment and physical treatment. It is possible to stably perform the treatment with high purification efficiency throughout the year, following the fluctuation of the contamination degree.
【００４８】また、本発明の装置は、物理的処理装置、
生物学的処理装置とも、河川の汚濁水の浄化処理に適合
し、比較的小規模のものでも処理量が大であるとともに
安定して能率よく処理ができ、また、操作は簡単で動力
も少なくてすみ、維持、保全手数も少なく、汚濁水の経
済的な浄化処理を行うことができる。Further, the apparatus of the present invention comprises a physical processing apparatus,
Both biological treatment devices are suitable for the purification of river polluted water.Even if they are relatively small, they can process large amounts and can stably and efficiently treat them.The operation is simple and the power is small. It is possible to carry out economical purification treatment of polluted water with less labor, maintenance and maintenance.
【図１】本発明方法の実施態様の一例を示す概略図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an embodiment of the method of the present invention.
【図２】本発明装置の一実施例を示す概略図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
【図３】同他の実施例を示す概略図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another embodiment.
Ａ 第１の処理装置 Ｂ 第２の処理装置 １ 取水経路 ２，３ 供給管路 ４ 水温計 ５ａ，５ｂ ゲート ６ 接続管路 ７ 放流管 ８ 曝気装置 10，20 ろ過槽 13，23 ろ床 16，26 反応槽 17 接触ろ床 27 生物膜ろ床 30 分配槽 31 揚水ポンプ Reference Signs List A A first processing device B A second processing device 1 Intake path 2, 3 Supply line 4 Water temperature gauge 5a, 5b Gate 6 Connection line 7 Discharge tube 8 Aeration device 10, 20 Filtration tank 13, 23 Filter bed 16, 26 Reaction tank 17 Contact filter 27 Biofilm filter 30 Distribution tank 31 Pump
【表−１】 [Table-1]
【表−２】 [Table-2]
【表−３】 [Table-3]
【表−４】 [Table-4]
【表−５】 [Table-5]
【表−６】 [Table-6]
【表−７】 [Table-7]
Claims (2)
当該河川に放流する方法において、物理的に浄化処理を
行う第１の処理装置と、生物学的に浄化処理を行う第２
の処理装置とを併設し、導入する汚濁水の温度が15〜20
℃以上の範囲では、汚濁水を上記第１の処理装置のみに
通水し、物理的処理を行って放流し、また、汚濁水の温
度が15〜20℃以下の範囲では、汚濁水をまず上記第２の
処理装置に通水して、生物学的処理を行い、次にその処
理水を第１の処理装置に送入して物理的処理を行った後
放流することを特徴とする、河川水の浄化処理方法。In a method of purifying polluted water introduced from a river and discharging the polluted water into the river, a first treatment device for physically purifying the water and a second treatment device for biologically purifying the water.
And the temperature of the polluted water to be introduced is 15-20
When the temperature of the contaminated water is in the range of not less than 15 to 20 ° C., the contaminated water is first passed through only the first treatment apparatus and subjected to physical treatment and discharged. The biological treatment is performed by passing water through the second treatment device, and then the treated water is sent to the first treatment device, subjected to physical treatment, and then discharged. River water purification treatment method.
槽により、汚濁水の物理的浄化処理を行う第１の処理装
置と、礫等のろ材を充填したろ床と曝気手段を設けた反
応槽により汚濁水の生物学的浄化処理を行う第２の処理
装置とを併設し、河川より取水経路に導入した汚濁水
を、上記第１処理装置と第２処理装置のいずれかに選択
して供給する手段と、汚濁水の温度を計測する手段を設
けるとともに、反応槽の排出側とろ過槽の供給側とを管
路で接続し、ろ過槽の方に処理水の放流管を設けたこと
を特徴とする、河川水の浄化処理装置。2. A first treatment device for physically purifying polluted water by a filtration tank having a filter bed filled with filter media such as gravel, and a filter bed filled with filter media such as gravel and aeration means are provided. And a second treatment device for performing biological purification treatment of the polluted water by the reaction tank, and the contaminated water introduced into the water intake path from the river is selected as one of the first treatment device and the second treatment device. And a means for measuring the temperature of the contaminated water, connecting the discharge side of the reaction tank and the supply side of the filtration tank by a pipeline, and providing a discharge pipe for the treated water in the filtration tank. A river water purification treatment device, characterized in that:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18813898A JP2000005783A (en) | 1998-06-18 | 1998-06-18 | Cleaning treatment of river water and device therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18813898A JP2000005783A (en) | 1998-06-18 | 1998-06-18 | Cleaning treatment of river water and device therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000005783A true JP2000005783A (en) | 2000-01-11 |
Family
ID=16218416
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18813898A Pending JP2000005783A (en) | 1998-06-18 | 1998-06-18 | Cleaning treatment of river water and device therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2000005783A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002113310A (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-16 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Upflow filtration equipment, aerobic treating vessel with filtration equipment, and sewage septic tank |
| CN103395951A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-11-20 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | System capable of utilizing acid to neutralize slags and dehydrated aluminum sludge to treat nitrogenous wastewater and method thereof |
| CN103449682A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2013-12-18 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Device and method for denitrification and dephosphorization by using industrial solid wastes |
-
1998
- 1998-06-18 JP JP18813898A patent/JP2000005783A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002113310A (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-16 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Upflow filtration equipment, aerobic treating vessel with filtration equipment, and sewage septic tank |
| CN103395951A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-11-20 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | System capable of utilizing acid to neutralize slags and dehydrated aluminum sludge to treat nitrogenous wastewater and method thereof |
| CN103449682A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2013-12-18 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Device and method for denitrification and dephosphorization by using industrial solid wastes |
| CN103449682B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-01-07 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Device and method for denitrification and dephosphorization by using industrial solid wastes |
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