HRP970003A2 - A briquette as well as a process and apparatus for the production thereof - Google Patents
A briquette as well as a process and apparatus for the production thereof Download PDFInfo
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- HRP970003A2 HRP970003A2 HR19600299.0A HRP970003A HRP970003A2 HR P970003 A2 HRP970003 A2 HR P970003A2 HR P970003 A HRP970003 A HR P970003A HR P970003 A2 HRP970003 A2 HR P970003A2
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- briquettes
- briquette
- mixture
- water
- heat treatment
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- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 clinker Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 28
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 8
- HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum tricalcium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca++].[Ca++].[Ca++] HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B1/00—Preparing the batches
- C03B1/02—Compacting the glass batches, e.g. pelletising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/02—Pretreated ingredients
- C03C1/026—Pelletisation or prereacting of powdered raw materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
Izum se odnosi na briket koji se može dobiti prešanjem smjese na osnovi zrnastih ili praškastih sirovina koje tvore staklo, klinker cementa i vode. Izum se dalje odnosi na postupak kao i uređaj za proizvodnju briketa te vrste. The invention relates to a briquette that can be obtained by pressing a mixture based on granular or powdered raw materials that form glass, clinker, cement and water. The invention further relates to the process as well as the device for the production of briquettes of this type.
Pod kinker cementom u predloženom opisu podrazumijeva se općenito materijal, koji je, pri datom visokom zgušnjavanju, dakle u svakom slučaju u roku manjem od nekoliko sati, otvrdnuto hidrauličko vezivo za uporabnu čvrstoću, čiji sastojci su uglavnom tvari koje su također sadržane i u staklu, kako je to u nastavku objašnjeno u pojedinostima za vrste cementa koje su komercijalno dostupne pod nazivom klinker cement. Kinker cement in the proposed description generally means a material which, at a given high density, i.e. in any case within less than a few hours, is a hardened hydraulic binder for usable strength, the ingredients of which are mainly substances that are also contained in glass, as this is explained below in detail for the types of cement that are commercially available under the name clinker cement.
Briketi su posebno prikladni za punjenje posude za taljenje stakla. Briquettes are particularly suitable for filling the glass melting vessel.
Kod taljenja stakla u posudu za taljenje stakla obično se dovode sirovine kao kvarcni pijesak, vapnenac, dolomit i soda u zrnastom, odnosno praškastom obliku. Međutim, nedostatak tog načina rada je u tome da postoji opasnost, da se zbog različite gustoće, veličine zrna i ostalih različitih fizičkih svojstava pojedinačni sastojci sirovina razdvoje pri skladištenju, transportu i dovođenju u peć za taljenje stakla. Time se djeluje negativno na kakvoću i svojstva proizvedenog stakla. U naročitim smjesama sirovina to može dovesti do nemogućnosti taljenja. When melting glass, raw materials such as quartz sand, limestone, dolomite and soda are usually fed into the glass melting vessel in granular or powdered form. However, the disadvantage of this method of operation is that there is a danger that due to the different density, grain size and other different physical properties of the raw materials, the individual components of the raw materials will be separated during storage, transportation and bringing to the glass melting furnace. This has a negative effect on the quality and properties of the produced glass. In special mixtures of raw materials, this can lead to the impossibility of melting.
Nadalje, sve smjese sirovina s visokim udjelom finih sastojaka smjese kod posuda za taljenje stakla, kroz koje prolaze struje plinova, dovode do zaprašivanja puta otpadnog plina. Prašine se talože na putu otpadnog plina i dovode do začepljenja. Kad je prašina nesnošljiva s materijalom stjenke posude i putevima otpadnog plina, to također može dovesti do uništenja stjenke posude i puta otpadnog plina. Furthermore, all mixtures of raw materials with a high proportion of fine ingredients of the mixture in vessels for melting glass, through which currents of gases pass, lead to dusting of the waste gas path. Dust settles in the waste gas path and leads to clogging. When the dust is incompatible with the vessel wall material and the waste gas paths, it can also lead to the destruction of the vessel wall and the waste gas path.
Već je bilo predložena proizvodnja briketa iz sirovina koje tvore staklo s vezivom i gustoćom briketa od ispod 70% teorijske gustoće materijala. Upotrebom takovih briketa kod proizvodnje stakla mogu se postići značajne prednosti nasuprot upotrebi sirovina za staklo u zrnastom ili praškastom obliku. Briketi se ne mrve u prašinu, tako da se može izbjeći zaprašivanje puteva otpadnih plinova. Briketi se tale lakše od praškastih sirovina za staklo, što dovodi do toga da se može rastaliti veću količinu stakla po jedinici površine posude za staklo. Dok je kod prerade zrnastih ili praškastih sirovina potrebna mješaonica, pri radu s briketima mješaonicu se može izbjeći. Briketi se također mogu izraditi izvan staklane i po potrebi preraditi na različitim mjestima. It has already been proposed to produce briquettes from raw materials that form glass with a binder and briquette density below 70% of the theoretical density of the material. The use of such briquettes in the production of glass can achieve significant advantages compared to the use of raw materials for glass in granular or powdered form. The briquettes do not crumble into dust, so dusting of waste gas paths can be avoided. Briquettes melt more easily than powdered glass raw materials, which means that a larger amount of glass can be melted per unit area of the glass container. While processing granular or powder raw materials requires a mixer, when working with briquettes the mixer can be avoided. Briquettes can also be produced outside the glass factory and processed in different places if necessary.
Međutim, dosadašnji prijedlozi nisu još našli primjenu u industrijskoj praksi. However, the previous proposals have not yet found application in industrial practice.
Iz DE 44 18 029 A1 poznata je proizvodnja briketa, naročito kao pripravaka sličnih tabletama iz smjese sirovina za staklo s vodenim staklom kao vezivom i vodom, pri čemu se sastojci pomiješaju i tu smjesu se ispreša u zgusnute pripravke. Da se spriječi sljepljivanje koje djeluje suprotno zgušnjavanju još vlažnih pripravaka i da ih se učini prikladnim za skladištenje, pripravci ili briketi se odvode u okretnu cijev sa sredstvom za sušenje, kao što je soda i/ili živo vapno, i tako se uvrećavaju. From DE 44 18 029 A1, the production of briquettes is known, especially as preparations similar to tablets from a mixture of raw materials for glass with water glass as a binder and water, whereby the ingredients are mixed and this mixture is sprayed into thickened preparations. To prevent caking which counteracts the thickening of the still wet preparations and to render them suitable for storage, the preparations or briquettes are fed into a revolving tube with a desiccant, such as soda ash and/or quicklime, and thus insulted.
Pri tome nedostatak je to da se čvrstoća briketa, potrebna da bi se oni mogli istresti u velike spremnike, postiže tek nakon značajnog vremena sušenja i ljepljenja, jer se vodeno staklo za kristalizaciju mora potpuno osušiti. To dugačko vrijeme zadržavanja prije stvarnog industrijskih skladišenja u spremnike zahtjeva velike kapacitete međuskladišta ili kapacitete za sušenje. The disadvantage is that the strength of the briquettes, which is necessary to be able to shake them into large containers, is achieved only after a significant drying and gluing time, because the water glass for crystallization must be completely dry. This long retention time before actual industrial storage in tanks requires large intermediate storage capacities or drying capacities.
Za industrijsku proizvodnju poseban nedostatak predstavlja to da se briketi te vrste, vezani s vodenim staklom, moraju dovesti izravno, bez predgrijavanja, u posudu za taljenje, jer vezivo vodeno staklo kod zagrijavanja iznad pribl. 350°C oslobađa kristalnu vodu, iz čega proizlazi povećanje volumena briketa za otprilike 30%. To dovodi do uklinjavanja briketa u uređaju za predgrijavanje, tako da nije moguće kontinuirano predgrijavanje bez poremećaja. Gubitak iskorištenja energije otpadnih plinova posude za taljenje za predgrijavanje smjese sirovina dovodi do značajnog pogoršanja bilance energije pogona industrijske proizvodnje. Briketi s vodenim staklom kao vezivom ne mogu se koristiti u industrijskim proizvodnim pogona u kojima je tehnološki predviđeno predgrijavanje i ponovno iskorištenje topline. For industrial production, a special disadvantage is that briquettes of this type, bound with water glass, must be brought directly, without preheating, into the melting pot, because the binding water glass when heated above approx. 350°C liberates crystalline water, resulting in an increase in briquette volume by approximately 30%. This leads to wedging of the briquettes in the preheating device, so that continuous preheating without disturbance is not possible. The loss of energy utilization of the waste gases of the melting vessel for preheating the mixture of raw materials leads to a significant deterioration of the energy balance of the industrial production plant. Briquettes with water glass as a binder cannot be used in industrial production plants where preheating and re-use of heat are technologically foreseen.
Zadatak izuma je stvoriti brikete iz sirovina koje tvore staklo, koji se mogu ekonomično upotrijebiti u kontinuiranim procesima proizvodnje stakla pomoću posude za taljenje, a naročito s kontinuiranim predgrijavanjem sirovine. Zadatak izuma je nadalje pokazati prikladan postupak kao i uređaj za proizvodnju briketa. The task of the invention is to create briquettes from raw materials that form glass, which can be economically used in continuous processes of glass production using a melting pot, and especially with continuous preheating of the raw material. The task of the invention is furthermore to demonstrate a suitable process as well as a device for the production of briquettes.
Izum se temelji na saznanju, da se za brikete uspješno može upotrijebiti vezivo na osnovi klinker cementa, ako se istovremeno briketi zgušnjavaju na gustoću koja iznosi najmanje 90% gustoće materijala smjese. The invention is based on the knowledge that a binder based on clinker cement can be successfully used for briquettes, if at the same time the briquettes are thickened to a density that is at least 90% of the density of the mixture material.
Rješenje zadatka u tehnološkom smislu postignuto je s naznačenom značajkom zahtjeva 1. The solution of the task in the technological sense was achieved with the indicated feature of requirement 1.
Pri tome, pod gustoćom materijala smjese podrazumijeva se gustoću suhih čestica smjese bez pora, dakle maksimalne gustoće dobivene teorijski zbrajanjem gustoća suhih sastojaka, dok se nasuprot tome kao ukupna gustoća podrazumijeva smanjena prividna gustoća suhog briketa koji sadrži pore. Teorijska maksimalna gustoća kod uobičajenih sirovina za staklo iznosi obično otprilike 2,6 g/cm3 do 2,7 g/cm3. Ukupna gustoća briketa prema tome iznosi dakle otprilike 2,3 g/cm3 i više. In addition, the density of the mixture material means the density of the dry particles of the mixture without pores, i.e. the maximum density theoretically obtained by adding the densities of the dry ingredients, while the total density, on the other hand, means the reduced apparent density of the dry briquette containing pores. The theoretical maximum density of common glass raw materials is usually approximately 2.6 g/cm3 to 2.7 g/cm3. The total density of briquettes is therefore approximately 2.3 g/cm3 and more.
Kod hidratizacije, odnosno tvorbe hidroksida, zbog pristupa vlage klinker cement tvori najprije kristale tri-kalcij-aluminata, pri čemu za dvije do tri minute dolazi do reakcije skrućivanja, ako reakcija nije odgođena dodatkom prikladnog sredstva za odgađanje otvrdnjavanja. Kristali tri-kalcij-aluminata su mali kristali, koji zbog svoje neznatne veličine nisu prikladni za nastanak učinkovite adhezije između čestica sirovina koje tvore staklo. U drugom stupnju kristaliziraju dugoljasti kacijevi silikati, koji zbog svojeg dugoljastog oblika mogu premostiti razmake između čestica, tako da se one učvrste u svom suprotnom položaju. Međutim, kalcijevi silikati drugog stupnja kristaliziraju vrlo polagano i za predgrijavanje sirovina nisu dovoljno temperaturno postojani, tako da klinker cement sa tog stajališta ne izgleda kao prikladno vezivo. During hydration, i.e. the formation of hydroxide, due to the access of moisture, clinker cement first forms crystals of tri-calcium-aluminate, whereupon a solidification reaction occurs in two to three minutes, if the reaction is not delayed by the addition of a suitable agent for delaying hardening. Tri-calcium-aluminate crystals are small crystals, which, due to their small size, are not suitable for the formation of effective adhesion between the particles of glass-forming raw materials. In the second stage, oblong calcium silicates crystallize, which, due to their oblong shape, can bridge the gaps between the particles, so that they solidify in their opposite position. However, calcium silicates of the second stage crystallize very slowly and are not temperature stable enough for preheating raw materials, so clinker cement does not look like a suitable binder from that point of view.
Kombinirana upotreba klinker cementa s visokom gustoćom smjese daje, međutim, iznenađujuć učinak kombinacije, ukoliko također i mali kristali tri-kalcijevog aluminata prvog stupnja stvaraju vrlo visoku adheziju, s obzirom na vrlo male razmake pojedinih čestica u jako zgusnutom materijalu, nasuprot manje zgusnutim smjesama. S visokim stupnjem zgušnjavanja materijala uporabna čvrstoća se postiže dakle već u prvoj fazi kristalizacije klinker cementa. The combined use of clinker cement with a high density mixture gives, however, a surprising effect of the combination, if also the small crystals of tri-calcium aluminate of the first degree create a very high adhesion, considering the very small distances of individual particles in a highly thickened material, as opposed to less thickened mixtures. With a high degree of densification of the material, the usable strength is thus already achieved in the first phase of crystallization of clinker cement.
Na taj način u neposrednom nastavku iza prešanja briketi već poprimaju dovoljnu uporabnu čvrstoću za rukovanje i daljnju obradu. Tijekom daljnje obrade i grijanja s egzotermnom reakcijom hidratizacije, odnosno tvorbom hidroksida i/ili dodatnim dovođenjem topline u nastavku se također odvija drugi stupanj kristalizacije kristala kalcijevih silikata, koji su postojani do temperature sve do 400 do 450°C, i tako tijekom rukovanja i odlaganja u silose, odnosno na transportne puteve postižu dodatnu čvrstoću. Tijekom predgrijavanja, koje se vrši pri otprilike 650°C, više ne postoje vezne sile kristala kalcijevih silikata, međutim kristali tri-kalcij-aluminata prvog stupnja zadržavaju svoj učnak vezanja također pri temperaturama predgrijavanja, tako da nema teškoća kod transporta u uređaj za predgrijavanje, kod prolaska kroz uređaj za predgrijavanje i kod izlaska iz uređaja za predgrijavanje. Predgrijavanjem briketa istovremeno se hladi otpadni plin iz posude za taljenje stakla, primjerice na temperaturu od 300 do 350°C, tako da se za filtriranje otpadnih plinova mogu upotrijebiti elektro filteri, koji se inače mogu upotrijebiti tek pri temperaturama nešto ispod 400°C. In this way, in the immediate continuation after pressing, the briquettes already acquire sufficient usable strength for handling and further processing. During further processing and heating with an exothermic hydration reaction, i.e. the formation of hydroxide and/or additional heat input, the second stage of crystallization of calcium silicate crystals takes place below, which are stable up to temperatures of up to 400 to 450°C, and thus during handling and disposal in silos, i.e. on transport routes, they achieve additional strength. During the preheating, which is carried out at approximately 650°C, there are no longer binding forces of the calcium silicate crystals, however, the tri-calcium-aluminate crystals of the first stage retain their binding force also at the preheating temperatures, so that there are no difficulties in transporting them to the preheating device. when passing through the preheating device and when leaving the preheating device. Preheating the briquettes simultaneously cools the waste gas from the glass melting vessel, for example to a temperature of 300 to 350°C, so that electric filters can be used to filter the waste gases, which can otherwise only be used at temperatures slightly below 400°C.
Daljnja prednost dobije se time, da se klinker cement sastoji uglavnom samo od CaO, MgO i SiO2, dakle preko klinker cementa u posudu za taljenje se ne mogu unijeti nikakve štetne strane tvari, kao sumpor ili slično. CaO, MgO i SiO2 su također tvari sadržane u staklu, tako da se kod datog sastava stakla te tvari mogu uračunati u opseg mjese sirovina, jer se one supstituiraju dodatim klinker cementom. Time klinker cement tvori također dio sastava smjese sirovina. Sa tog stajališta moglo bi se upotrijebititi sve do otprilike 20 mas. % klinker cementa, međutim zamjene tvari u smjesi sirovina sa klinker cementom oganičavaju se na minimum zbog cijene. Nadalje, klinker cement ima vrijednost voda-cement od 0,25, što znači da se za hidratizaciju četiri masena dijela klinker cementa dodaje jedan dio vode. Otprilike istom količinom dodaje se i suvišak vode ili vodu za nadoknadu izgubljene vode, koja ne sudjeluje u hidratizaciji, već ostaje najprije na površinama čestica i tek postupno se osuši. Kod visokog udjela klinker cementa iz toga proizlazi ograničenje postizive gustoće, jer se ukupna količina vode kod prešanja mora najprije primiti u pore. Ako se primjerice teži gustoći od 95% gustoće materijala, tada dodatak vode također ne smije prekoračiti 5%, što se kod polovice udjela izgubljene vode udjela klinker cementa u tom slučaju ograničava na red veličine od 10%. To se je pokazalo dovoljnim za postizanje uporabne čvrstoće jako zgusnutog briketa već s kristalima tri-kalcijevog aluminata prvog stupnja. A further advantage is obtained by the fact that clinker cement consists mostly of only CaO, MgO and SiO2, so no harmful foreign substances, such as sulfur or the like, can be introduced into the melting pot through clinker cement. CaO, MgO and SiO2 are also substances contained in glass, so with a given composition of glass, these substances can be included in the scope of raw materials, because they are substituted by added clinker cement. Thus, clinker cement also forms part of the composition of the mixture of raw materials. From this point of view, up to approximately 20 wt. % of clinker cement, however, substitutions of substances in the mixture of raw materials with clinker cement are limited to a minimum due to the price. Furthermore, clinker cement has a water-cement value of 0.25, which means that one part of water is added to hydrate four parts by mass of clinker cement. Approximately the same amount of excess water or water to compensate for lost water is added, which does not participate in hydration, but remains first on the surface of the particles and only gradually dries. With a high proportion of clinker cement, this results in a limitation of the achievable density, because the total amount of water during pressing must first be received in the pores. If, for example, a density of 95% of the density of the material is aimed for, then the addition of water must also not exceed 5%, which is limited to the order of 10% in the case of half of the lost water in the clinker cement. This proved to be sufficient to achieve the usable strength of a highly densified briquette already with tri-calcium aluminate crystals of the first stage.
Visoko zgušnjavanje ima prednost također i zbog toga jer se time vrši daljnje usitnjavanje i smješavanje sastojaka sirovina koje tvore staklo. Taj učinak usitnjavanja i miješanja doprinosi boljem ponašanju briketa pri taljenju. High densification has an advantage also because of this, because it further shreds and mixes the ingredients of the raw materials that form the glass. This crushing and mixing effect contributes to a better melting behavior of the briquettes.
Što su briketi jače zgusnuti bolje se ponašaju pri taljenju, jer se niskotaljivi sastojci ponašaju kao sastojci višeg tališta, kao kvarcni pijesak. The stronger the briquettes are, the better they behave during melting, because low-melting ingredients behave like ingredients with a higher melting point, like quartz sand.
Naročita prednost proizlazi iz visoke gustoće zbog toga što je minimiran udio zraka i plina u briketu, koji u posudi za taljenje sprečava napredovanje vruće fronte u nutrašnjost briketa. Na taj način odvija se taljenje jako zgusnutog briketa znatno brže nego u slučaju manje zgusnutog briketa s visokim sadržajem zraka. Time se sprečava rastavljanje sirovina u posudi za taljenje, koje inače može dovesti do teško taljivih "otoka", i kod datog trajanja zadržavanja u talini također se produljuje vrijeme bistrine, a time se poboljšava i kakvoća stakla. A particular advantage derives from the high density due to the fact that the proportion of air and gas in the briquette is minimized, which in the melting pot prevents the hot front from advancing into the interior of the briquette. In this way, the melting of a very dense briquette takes place much faster than in the case of a less dense briquette with a high air content. This prevents the separation of the raw materials in the melting vessel, which can otherwise lead to difficult-to-melt "swells", and for a given duration of retention in the melt, the clarity time is also extended, thereby improving the quality of the glass.
Ti posljednji navedeni efekti poznati su već iz DE 25 13 082 A1, prema kojem se u rasporu između valjaka stvara kontinuirana traka smjese, čija gustoća iznosi ponajprije 90 do 95% od gustoće materijala, i pri čemu traka u obliku ploče velike površine kontinuirano izlazi iz raspora između valjaka preko vodila i ulazi u posudu za taljenje. Zbog toga što traka nakon zgušnjavanja nije izložena nikakvoj značajnoj mehaničkoj sili, vezivo se može potpuno izostaviti. Međutim, kod takovog postupka naravno ne postoj .i mogućnost predgrijavanja sirovine, odnosno ponovnog iskorištenja topline. Otpadaju nadalje sve mogućnosti za proizvodnju sirovina prikladnih za polaganje u posude, udaljenje od posudama, za njihovo međufazno uskladištenje itd. Naravno, također je nemoguća i središnja proizvodnja robe gotove za polaganje i njenu racionalnu upotrebu u većem broju posuda za taljenje na različitim mjestima. Tek upotrebom klinker cementa kao veziva kod jako zgusnutog materijala te vrste, mogu se također polučiti tehnološke prednosti učinaka prema saznanju iz DE 25 13 082 Al, ako se istovremeno moraju postići prednosti tabletirane ili briketirane sirovine i naročito predgrijavanje sirovine, odnosno ponovno iskorištenje topline. These last-mentioned effects are already known from DE 25 13 082 A1, according to which a continuous strip of mixture is created in the gap between the rollers, the density of which is preferably 90 to 95% of the density of the material, and whereby the strip in the form of a large surface plate continuously emerges from gap between the rollers over the guide and enters the melting pot. Because the tape is not subjected to any significant mechanical force after densification, the binder can be completely omitted. However, with such a procedure, of course, there is no possibility of preheating the raw material, that is, of reusing the heat. Furthermore, all possibilities for the production of raw materials suitable for laying in vessels, removal from vessels, for their interphase storage, etc., are also eliminated. Of course, it is also impossible to centrally produce goods ready for laying and their rational use in a large number of melting vessels in different places. Only by using clinker cement as a binder for highly thickened material of this type, the technological advantages of the effects according to knowledge from DE 25 13 082 Al can also be obtained, if at the same time the advantages of tableted or briquetted raw materials and especially the preheating of the raw materials, i.e. the reuse of heat, must be achieved.
Predmet izuma je nadalje postupak za proizvodnju briketa te vrste, po kojem pri količinskom određivanju različitih sirovina koje tvore staklo se u smjesi uzimaju u obzir elementi klinker cementa koji tvore staklo, doda se vodu količinom od 2 do 20 masenih postotaka, i briket se spreša na gustoću od najmanje 90% gustoće materijala. The subject of the invention is also a process for the production of briquettes of this type, according to which, during the quantitative determination of the various glass-forming raw materials, the glass-forming elements of clinker cement are taken into account in the mixture, water is added in an amount of 2 to 20 percent by mass, and the briquette is compressed to a density of at least 90% of the density of the material.
Ako miješanje nakon dodatka vode, prije prešanja, traje dulje od dvije do tri minute, mora se odgoditi prvi stupanj hidratizacije, da se smjesa ne zgruda već prije prešanja jer se s njom više ne bi moglo rukovati. Za odgađanje otvrdnjavanja, u industriji cementa poznati su dodaci za odgađanje otvrdnjavanja. Idealan je dodatak za odgađanje otvrdnjavanja koji u vremenskom razdoblju između dodatka vode i prešanja uvelike sprečava stvaranje kristala tri-kalcij-aluminata prvog stupnja, a zatim dopušta njihovu brzu tvorbu. Kao dodatak za odgađanje otvrdnjavanja vrlo prikladnim se je pokazao dodatak mješavine od limunske kiseline i šećera u omjeru 5:1, koja se dodaje u čvrstom obliku količinom reda veličine od nekoliko masenih promila (suho) u odnosu prema cementu. Time se mogu namjestiti odgađanja otvrdnjavanja reda veličine, primjerice, za 20 minuta, pri čemu se reakciju hidratizacije, odnosno tvorbe hidroksida kod prešanja potakne toplinom stvorenom unutarnjim trenjem i već nakon otprilike 2 sata postigne se uporabna čvrstoća. If mixing after the addition of water, before pressing, lasts longer than two to three minutes, the first stage of hydration must be postponed, so that the mixture does not clump before pressing, because it would no longer be possible to handle it. For delaying hardening, additives for delaying hardening are known in the cement industry. It is an ideal additive for delaying hardening, which in the time period between the addition of water and pressing largely prevents the formation of tri-calcium-aluminate crystals of the first stage, and then allows their rapid formation. As an additive for delaying hardening, the addition of a mixture of citric acid and sugar in a ratio of 5:1, which is added in solid form in an amount of the order of several parts by mass (dry) in relation to the cement, has proven to be very suitable. In this way, hardening delays of the order of magnitude can be set, for example, by 20 minutes, whereby the hydration reaction, i.e. the formation of hydroxide during pressing, is stimulated by the heat created by internal friction, and after approximately 2 hours, usable strength is achieved.
Predmet izuma je nadalje uređaj za proizvodnju briketa te vrste, koji obuhvaća miješalicu za pripravu smjese iz sirovina koje tvore staklo, klinker cementa i vode, uređaj za dobavu i valjčanu prešu za prešanje smjese u brikete. The subject of the invention is also a device for the production of briquettes of this type, which includes a mixer for preparing a mixture of raw materials that form glass, clinker, cement and water, a supply device and a roller press for pressing the mixture into briquettes.
Da bi se potpomoglo jednoliko predgrijavanje, briketi prema izummu moraju biti ograničene veličine. Briketi imaju korisno maksimalnu težinu 500 g, dok je njihova težina ponajprije između 20 i 200 g, naročito 30 do 60 g. Briketi mogu imati bilo kakav oblik, dakle primjerice kuglasti ili dugoljasti. In order to facilitate uniform preheating, the briquettes according to the invention must be of limited size. Briquettes have a useful maximum weight of 500 g, while their weight is preferably between 20 and 200 g, especially 30 to 60 g. Briquettes can have any shape, so for example spherical or oblong.
Oblik kojem se daje prednost je jajolik briket duljine otprilike 20 do 50 mm i debljine od 15 do 25 mm. The preferred shape is an ovoid briquette approximately 20 to 50 mm long and 15 to 25 mm thick.
Što je izrađen briket manji tim je veća njegova specifična površina, čime se poboljšavaju svojstva taljenja. Kod manjih briketa također je bolje i predgrijavanje. S druge strane briketi ne smiju biti tako mali da nije dovoljna zračna struja kroz sloj briketa, odnosno da nastane prevelik otpor strujanju otpadnih plinova iz posude za taljenje koji služe za predgrijavanje. The smaller the briquette, the greater its specific surface area, which improves its melting properties. For smaller briquettes, preheating is also better. On the other hand, the briquettes must not be so small that there is not enough air current through the layer of briquettes, i.e. that there is too much resistance to the flow of waste gases from the melting pot used for preheating.
Za proizvodnju briketa mogu se upotrijebiti uobičajene sirovine za tvorbu stakla u zrnastom, odnosno praškastom obliku. U briket se također mogu povezati i usitnjeni otpaci mineralne vune kao i eventualno pridodani sitniž koji potječe od prosijavanja briketa. For the production of briquettes, the usual raw materials for the production of glass can be used in granular or powdered form. The briquettes can also be combined with shredded mineral wool waste, as well as possibly added fines that come from screening the briquettes.
Za proizvodnju briketa upotrebljavaju se sirovine koje tvore staklo ponajprije veličine čestica od 0,1 do 5 mm, ili ponajprije od 0,1 do 3 mm. Korisna je određena količina sirovina vrlo sitnih čestica. For the production of briquettes, glass-forming raw materials are used, preferably with a particle size of 0.1 to 5 mm, or preferably from 0.1 to 3 mm. A certain amount of raw materials with very fine particles is useful.
Klinker cement rabi se količino od 3 do 15 masenih postotaka, u odnosu prema smjesi, a naročito 10 do 12 masenih postotaka. S tim udjelom veziva mogu se proizvesti briketi optimalne postojanosti. Clinker cement is used in an amount of 3 to 15 mass percent, in relation to the mixture, and especially 10 to 12 mass percent. With this proportion of binder, briquettes of optimal stability can be produced.
Osim toga, smjesa za proizvodnju briketa obuhvaća vodu, pri čemu sadržaj vode u smjesi iznosi ponajprije 2 do 20 masenih postotaka, a naročito 2 do 6 masenih postotaka. Posebno korisnim pokazao se je sadržaj vode od pribl. 4 masena postotka. In addition, the mixture for the production of briquettes includes water, whereby the water content in the mixture is preferably 2 to 20 mass percent, and especially 2 to 6 mass percent. The water content of approx. 4 percent by mass.
Za učvršćenje briketi se podvrgavaju korisno toplinskoj obradi. Toplinska obrada vrši se ponajprije pri temperaturi od 50 do 200°C, posebno korisno pri 50 do 150°C, a naročito pri 60 do 80°C. S posebnom prednošću primjenjuje se to povišeno temperaturno područje, jer u postupku prema izumu čvrstoća se postiže ponajprije tvorbom kristala tri-kalcij-aluminata, dok je pri tim temperaturama spriječena tvorba kristala kalicjevog silikata. For strengthening, the briquettes are usefully subjected to heat treatment. Heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 50 to 200°C, especially useful at 50 to 150°C, and especially at 60 to 80°C. This elevated temperature range is used with particular advantage, because in the process according to the invention, strength is primarily achieved by the formation of tri-calcium-aluminate crystals, while at these temperatures the formation of calcium silicate crystals is prevented.
Smjesi za brikete prema izumu dodaje se relativno mala količina vode, naime, kako je već spomenuto, ponajprije 2 do 10 masenih postotaka u odnosu na smjesu. S tom malom količinom vode ne stvara se cementno ljepilo, već u mnogo većoj mjeri nastaje smjesa vrlo male vlažnosti, koja se može označiti kao "zemna vlaga". Ta smjesa "zemne vlage" dade se zgusnuti u briket u uređaju za zgušnjavanje, primjerice valjčanoj preši, prolaskom smjese kroz prešu u najkraćem vremenu. A relatively small amount of water is added to the mixture for briquettes according to the invention, namely, as already mentioned, preferably 2 to 10 percent by mass in relation to the mixture. With this small amount of water, cement adhesive is not created, but to a much greater extent, a mixture of very low humidity is created, which can be labeled as "soil moisture". This mixture of "soil moisture" can be thickened into a briquette in a thickening device, for example a roller press, by passing the mixture through the press in the shortest time.
Toplinska obrada briketa stvorenih od smjese zemne vlage odvija se po mogućnosti bez izvlačenja vlage. Trajanje toplinske obrade iznosi primjerice 30 do 360 minuta, a ponajprije 60 do 120 minuta. Kod toplinske obrade iz briketa se smije izvući najviše 50 masenih postotaka, ponajprije najviše 10 masenih postotaka vode. Heat treatment of briquettes created from a mixture of soil moisture takes place, if possible, without extraction of moisture. The duration of heat treatment is, for example, 30 to 360 minutes, and preferably 60 to 120 minutes. During heat treatment, a maximum of 50 mass percent, preferably a maximum of 10 mass percent, of water may be extracted from the briquettes.
Da se spriječi gubitak vode, toplinska obrada odvija se ponajprije u atmosferi vodene pare, naročito u atmosferi zasićene vodene pare. In order to prevent water loss, heat treatment takes place primarily in an atmosphere of water vapor, especially in an atmosphere of saturated water vapor.
Toplinskom obradom ograničava se vrijeme otvrdnjavanja. Heat treatment limits the hardening time.
Toplinska obrada dovodi nadalje do jakog očvršćenja briketa. Nakon toga briketi se mogu također zagrijati i na temperaturu sinterovanja i pri tome se neće raspasti. The heat treatment further leads to a strong hardening of the briquettes. After that, the briquettes can also be heated to the sintering temperature and will not fall apart.
U skladu s oblikom izvedbe, kojem se daje prednost, briketi se kalciniraju, tj. podvrgavaju se daljnjoj toplinskoj obradi pri otprilike 700 do 900°C, ponajprije pri otprilike 850°C. Pri kalcinaciji izlazi ugljični dioksid karbonatnih sastojaka stakla i briket gubi otprilike 30 % od svoje težine. According to a preferred embodiment, the briquettes are calcined, i.e. subjected to further heat treatment at approximately 700 to 900°C, preferably at approximately 850°C. During calcination, carbon dioxide from the carbonate components of the glass comes out and the briquette loses approximately 30% of its weight.
Upotreba kalcmiranih briketa dovodi do povišenja kapaciteta u posudi za taljenje. The use of calcined briquettes leads to an increase in the capacity of the melting vessel.
Za prešanje briketa upotrebljava se ponajprije valjčana preša, naročito valjčana preša za brikete, s kojoj se mogu postići vrlo visoke gustoće od preko 90% teorijske gustoće materijala. Kod prešanja do tako visokih gustoća sastojci briketa dovode se u vrlo tijesan dodir. Zbog svoje nestlačivosti voda se u briketu razdijeli se najfinije. Također, zbog unutarnjeg trenja, u briketu dolazi do već značajnog zagrijavanja, koje potpomaže hidrauličko vezanje. For pressing briquettes, a roller press is primarily used, especially a roller press for briquettes, with which very high densities of over 90% of the theoretical density of the material can be achieved. When pressing to such high densities, the briquette ingredients are brought into very close contact. Due to its incompressibility, the water in the briquette is distributed in the finest manner. Also, due to internal friction, there is already significant heating in the briquette, which supports the hydraulic bonding.
Konačno, briketi se korisno podvrgavaju opisanoj toplinskoj obradi. Tada su briketi gotovi za upotrebu, tj. oni su dovoljno tvrdi za punjenje spremnika, transportiranje pomoću traka ili za odvođenje izravno u peć za taljenje stakla. Finally, the briquettes are usefully subjected to the described heat treatment. Then the briquettes are ready for use, i.e. they are hard enough to fill the hopper, transport them using belts or take them directly to the glass melting furnace.
Budući da je za miješanje sirovina koje tvore staklo, hidrauličkog veziva i vode, za prešanje briketa i toplinsku obradu briketa potrebno relativno kratko vrijeme, postupak prema izumu može se provoditi kontinuirano. Since it takes a relatively short time to mix the glass-forming raw materials, hydraulic binder and water, to press the briquettes and heat the briquettes, the process according to the invention can be carried out continuously.
Pri upotrebi valjčane preše, smjesu se može dovoditi dozirano u prešu pomoću transportnog pužnog vijka. Također u obzir dolazi i dovođenje smjese izravno u valjčanu prešu, pri čemu se doziranje regulira širinom raspora valjčane preše. When using a roller press, the mixture can be dosed into the press using a screw conveyor. It is also possible to feed the mixture directly into the roller press, where the dosage is regulated by the width of the gap of the roller press.
Uređaj prema izumu za proizvodnju briketa, osim miješalice za tvorbu smjese sirovina koje tvore staklo, klinker cementa i vode, obuhvaća također uređaj za dobavu i valjčanu prešu za prešanje smjese u brikete, a korisno također i uređaj za toplinsku obradu briketa. The device according to the invention for the production of briquettes, in addition to the mixer for creating a mixture of raw materials that form glass, clinker, cement and water, also includes a device for supplying and a roller press for pressing the mixture into briquettes, and usefully also a device for heat treatment of briquettes.
Toplinska obrada briketa vrši se primjerice u komori, kroz čiji dio struji topli zrak. Na gornjem kraju komora korisno ima otvor za punjenje za brikete koje se želi grijati, a na donjem kraju ima ispušni otvor za vađenje briketa podvrgnutih toplinskoj obradi. Pri tome, dio komore kroz koji struji topli zrak nastaje u donjem dijelu komore. Topli zrak dovodi se korisno zatvorenim optokom toplog zraka. Voda, koja isparava zbog toplog zraka, diže se gore u prazni dio komore, čime se vodena para kondenzira u području gornjih hladnijih briketa i stoji na raspolaganju za njihovu hidratizaciju. Time se maksimalno zadržava vlagu briketa. Heat treatment of briquettes is carried out, for example, in a chamber, through which warm air flows. At the upper end of the chamber, it usefully has a filling opening for the briquettes to be heated, and at the lower end it has an exhaust opening for removing the briquettes subjected to heat treatment. At the same time, the part of the chamber through which warm air flows is created in the lower part of the chamber. Warm air is brought in by a closed warm air circuit. The water, which evaporates due to the warm air, rises up into the empty part of the chamber, which condenses the water vapor in the area of the upper cooler briquettes and is available for their hydration. This keeps the moisture of the briquette as much as possible.
U komoru se istovremeno dovode svježi briketi i istom mjerom odvode se toplinski obrađeni briketi, tako da se stvara kontinuirani protok i komora je uvijek puna. Fresh briquettes are fed into the chamber at the same time and heat-treated briquettes are removed at the same rate, so that a continuous flow is created and the chamber is always full.
Nakon toplinske obrade briketi se mogu transportirati i mogu se puniti u silos i skladištiti. After heat treatment, the briquettes can be transported and can be filled into a silo and stored.
Briketi se mogu zagrijati, bez raspadanja, sve do temperature sinterovanja ili do kalciniranja. Briketi se ponajprije predgriju s vrućim dimnim plinom iz peći za taljenje na temperaturu od otprilike 650 do 700°C i, po potebi, se kalciniraju u slijedećoj fazi dodatnim grijanjem s izvorom topline izvan posude za taljenje, pri otprilike 850°C. Time se iskorištava toplinu otpadnih plinova iz peći za taljenje stakla i ostvaruje značajnu uštedu energije. The briquettes can be heated, without decomposition, up to the sintering temperature or until calcination. The briquettes are first preheated with hot flue gas from the melting furnace to a temperature of approximately 650 to 700°C and, if necessary, calcined in a subsequent stage by additional heating with a heat source outside the melting vessel at approximately 850°C. This utilizes the heat of the waste gases from the glass melting furnace and achieves significant energy savings.
Naprava za dobavu u uređaj za proizvodnju briketa izrađena je ponajprije kao naprava za dobavu djelovanjem gravitacije, pri čemu se smjesa izravno dovodi u valjčanu prešu, tj . smjesa se ispušta na jedan od valjaka, koji kao bočne rubove ima paralelne rubne ploče. The device for supplying to the device for the production of briquettes is made primarily as a device for supplying by gravity, whereby the mixture is directly fed into the roller press, i.e. the mixture is discharged onto one of the rollers, which has parallel edge plates as side edges.
Uređaj prema izumu i postupak prema izumu pobliže će se objasniti pomoću slijedećih crteža koji prikazuju primjer oblika izvedbe kojem se daje prednost. Pri tome slika 1 prikazuje cjelokupnu shemu uređaja, slika 2 prikazuje oblik izvedbe valjčane preše, i slika 3 prikazuje valjčanu prešu sa slike 2 gledanu odozgor. The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention will be explained in more detail with the help of the following drawings which show an example of a preferred embodiment. Figure 1 shows the overall scheme of the device, Figure 2 shows the design of the roller press, and Figure 3 shows the roller press from Figure 2 viewed from above.
U spremnicima 1 do 4 uskladištene su sirovine koje tvore staklo. One se u željenom omjeru dovode preko transportnog uređaja 5 u miješalicu 6, da se izradi smjesu sirovina koje tvore staklo, klinker cementa i vode. U tu svrhu miješalica 6 opremljena je sa cijevi za dovodi vode, koja nije prikazana. U miješalicu se također može dovoditi i prah nastao pri proizvodnji briketa i iz pogona s posudama za taljenje, kao i otpaci iz proizvodnje mineralne vune. The raw materials that form glass are stored in containers 1 to 4. They are brought in the desired ratio via the transport device 5 to the mixer 6, to create a mixture of raw materials that form glass, clinker, cement and water. For this purpose, the mixer 6 is equipped with a pipe for supplying water, which is not shown. Powder from the production of briquettes and from plants with melting pots, as well as waste from the production of mineral wool, can also be fed into the mixer.
Iz miješalice 6 smjesu se pomoću transportne trake 7 dovodi u valjčanu prešu 8 za briketiranje. Uređaj ima lijevak za usipavanje 9 s jednim ili više transportnih pužnih vijaka, pri čemu je ovdje prikazan samo pužni vijak 10. From the mixer 6, the mixture is brought to the roller press 8 for briquetting using the conveyor belt 7. The device has a pouring funnel 9 with one or more transport screws, where only the screw 10 is shown here.
Transportni pužni vijak 10 dovodi dozirano smjesu na valjke 12, 13 valjčane preše 8 za briketiranje. Na gornjem kraju lijevka 9 predviđena je sonda za kontrolu razine, koja upravlja s kontinuiranom dobavom. The transport auger 10 supplies the dosed mixture to the rollers 12, 13 of the roller press 8 for briquetting. A level control probe is provided at the upper end of the funnel 9, which controls the continuous supply.
Donji suženi kraj lijevka 9, do kojeg transportni pužni vijak 10 dovodi smjesu, proteže se između dvaju valjaka 12, 13, koji su na crtežu prikazani u stanju mirovanja, dakle međusobno odmaknuti, dok se međutim u stanju pogona međusobno dodiruju. The lower narrowed end of the funnel 9, to which the transport screw 10 brings the mixture, extends between two rollers 12, 13, which are shown in the drawing in a state of rest, i.e. separated from each other, while in the state of operation they touch each other.
u skladu s oblikom izvedbe kojem se daje prednost, koji je prikazan na slikama 2 i 3, i gdje je pojednostavljeno prikazan samo niz kalupa za brikete, materijal se dozirano stavlja izravno na valjke. Iz lijevka 9, preko dobavnog uređaja 31, smjesu se transportira prema valjku 13. in accordance with the preferred embodiment, which is shown in figures 2 and 3, and where only a row of briquette molds is shown in a simplified manner, the material is metered directly onto the rollers. From the funnel 9, through the delivery device 31, the mixture is transported towards the roller 13.
Umjesto krutih srcolikih dijelova izrađeni su bočni rubovi valjaka, ponajprije kao odvije rubne ploče 32, 32'. Instead of the rigid heart-shaped parts, the side edges of the rollers are made, primarily as unrolled edge plates 32, 32'.
srcoliki komadi sprečavaju transport materijala, tako da se u rubnom području transportira djelomično premalo materijala. Istovremeno rotiraj uče rubne ploče 32, 32' rješavaju taj problem tako da se po cijeloj širini valjka mogu proizvesti briketi visoke gustoće i visoke čvrstoće s neznatnim habanjem. the heart-shaped pieces prevent material transport, so that partially too little material is transported in the edge area. Simultaneously rotating edge plates 32, 32' solve this problem so that briquettes of high density and high strength can be produced over the entire width of the roller with little wear.
U obliku izvedbe prema slici 2 na valjak 13 opremljen s bočnim pločama 32, 32' dozirano se predaje smjesu koju se želi zgusnuti u području zenita. Valjak transportira materijal u raspor preše. Doziranje se regulira širinom raspora. Prednost ovog oblika izvedbe je u posebno jednostavnoj gradnji i u tome da u dobavi ne može doći do habanja i začepljenja, tj. ovdje se doziranje odvija vlastitom težinom smjese koju se zgušnjava. In the embodiment according to Figure 2, the mixture that is to be thickened in the zenith area is metered onto the roller 13 equipped with side plates 32, 32'. The roller transports the material into the gap of the press. Dosing is regulated by the gap width. The advantage of this form of performance is in its particularly simple construction and in the fact that wear and clogging cannot occur during delivery, i.e. here the dosing takes place by its own weight of the mixture being thickened.
Plašt svakog valjka 12, 13 snabdjeven je s oblikovanim udubi jen j ima . Valjci 12, 13 smješteni su pod kutem protusmjerno, tako da se pri jednakoj brzini okretanja u rasporu valjaka susreću dva oblikovana udubljenja jednog, odnosno drugog valjka 12, 13 tako da se smjesa ispreša u brikete 14 oblika jajeta. The shell of each roller 12, 13 is provided with shaped recesses. The rollers 12, 13 are placed at an angle in the opposite direction, so that at the same rotation speed, two shaped depressions of one or the other roller 12, 13 meet in the gap between the rollers, so that the mixture is crushed into egg-shaped briquettes 14.
Ispod valjaka 12, 13 nalazi se sito 15, kroz koje na transportnu traku 16 pada neisprešan materijal, koji se preko transportnog uređaja 17 ponovno dovodi u valjčanu prešu 8 za briketiranje. Briketi 14 dovode se pomoću transportnog uređaja 18 odozgor u komoru, koja je ovdje podijeljena u 5 zona 20 do 24. Razdioba briketa 14 u pojedinačne zone 20 do 24 vrši se pomoću pomične transportne trake 25. Beneath the rollers 12, 13 is a screen 15, through which the unpressed material falls onto the conveyor belt 16, which is fed back into the roller press 8 for briquetting via the transport device 17. The briquettes 14 are fed using the transport device 18 from above into the chamber, which is here divided into 5 zones 20 to 24. The briquettes 14 are divided into individual zones 20 to 24 by means of a movable conveyor belt 25.
Briketi 14, zemne vlage, podvrgavaju se toplinskoj obradi zbog otvrdnjavanja. U tu svrhu kroz donje područje zona 20 do 24 prolazi struja vrućeg zraka, koja se napaja ponajprije s opadnom toplinom kroz cijev 26 s grijačem 27, i s ventilatorom 2 8 vodi se u kružnom optoku. Briquettes 14, ground moisture, undergo heat treatment for hardening. For this purpose, a stream of hot air passes through the lower area of the zones 20 to 24, which is supplied primarily with the falling heat through the pipe 26 with the heater 27, and is led in a circular circulation with the fan 28.
Preko transportne trake 29 odvode se otvrdnuti briketi 14 u posudu za taljenje, odnosno u međufazne naprave, kao što je spremnik za zalihu, uređaj za predgrijavanje ili uređaj za kalciniranje. The hardened briquettes 14 are taken via the conveyor belt 29 to the melting vessel, that is, to intermediate devices, such as a storage tank, a preheating device or a calcining device.
Claims (25)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19600299A DE19600299A1 (en) | 1996-01-05 | 1996-01-05 | Moldings and method and device for their production |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP970003A2 true HRP970003A2 (en) | 1998-02-28 |
Family
ID=7782232
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR19600299.0A HRP970003A2 (en) | 1996-01-05 | 1997-01-03 | A briquette as well as a process and apparatus for the production thereof |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU1310197A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19600299A1 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP970003A2 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199801286T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997025285A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA9740B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6211103B1 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-03 | Minerals Technologies Inc. | Synthetic silicate pellet compositions |
| US7776150B2 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2010-08-17 | Koppern Eqipment, Inc. | Process and apparatus for handling synthetic gypsum |
| DE102010008162B4 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2017-03-16 | Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for the production of quartz glass for a quartz glass crucible |
| RU2491234C1 (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2013-08-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Стромизмеритель" | Method of preparing mixture for making quenched cullet for foamed glass |
| EP3042883A4 (en) | 2013-09-05 | 2017-02-22 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Granulated body, production method therefor, and production method for glass article |
| FR3019816B1 (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2021-04-02 | Saint Gobain Isover | COMPOSITE INCLUDING A MINERAL WOOL INCLUDING A SUGAR |
| US9815726B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2017-11-14 | Johns Manville | Apparatus, systems, and methods for pre-heating feedstock to a melter using melter exhaust |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE482786C (en) * | 1929-09-20 | Fr Groeppel C Luehrig S Nachfo | Process for the production of pellets from hot sintered material | |
| FR775328A (en) * | 1934-07-03 | 1934-12-26 | Usines De La Chaleassiere Soc | Ball press improvements |
| GB532694A (en) * | 1939-07-27 | 1941-01-29 | Bibby & Sons Ltd J | Improvements in machines for the manufacture of cakes of moulded material |
| US2578110A (en) * | 1942-04-13 | 1951-12-11 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Production of glass |
| DK302076A (en) * | 1976-07-02 | 1978-01-03 | Rockwool Int | PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS FROM A MINERAL WOOL MELT |
| JPS556583B2 (en) * | 1972-05-23 | 1980-02-18 | ||
| FR2266663B1 (en) * | 1974-04-04 | 1977-03-04 | Saint Gobain | |
| SE384847B (en) * | 1974-04-22 | 1976-05-24 | Glasteknisk Utveckling Ab | METHODS AND MEASURES FOR THE PREPARATION OF CALCIUM-CONTAINING SOUTH GLASS |
| DE2759021A1 (en) * | 1977-12-30 | 1979-07-12 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | PROCESS FOR SECTION OF GLASS RAW MATERIALS |
| DE3209619A1 (en) * | 1982-03-17 | 1983-09-22 | F.J. Gattys Ingenieurbüro für chem. Maschinen- und Apparatebau, 6078 Neu Isenburg | METHOD FOR PELLETIZING SUBSTANCES WITH A CRYSTALINE OR CRYSTAL-LIKE STRUCTURE |
| JPS6451333A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1989-02-27 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Production of granulated material for raw glass material |
| JPH01192743A (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1989-08-02 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | Production of briquette and rock wool |
| US5073323A (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1991-12-17 | Washington Mills Ceramics Corporation | Method and apparatus for producing compacted particulate articles |
| FI86541C (en) * | 1990-08-29 | 1992-09-10 | Partek Ab | Raw material briquette for mineral wool production and process for its manufacture |
| DE4122334A1 (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1993-01-07 | Zementanlagen Und Maschinenbau | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TREATING MINERAL WOOL WASTE |
| DE4418029A1 (en) * | 1994-05-24 | 1995-11-30 | Zippe Gmbh & Co | Glass batch moulding esp. pellet prodn. |
-
1996
- 1996-01-05 DE DE19600299A patent/DE19600299A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1997
- 1997-01-03 AU AU13101/97A patent/AU1310197A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-01-03 WO PCT/EP1997/000023 patent/WO1997025285A1/en active Application Filing
- 1997-01-03 HR HR19600299.0A patent/HRP970003A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-01-03 ZA ZA9740A patent/ZA9740B/en unknown
- 1997-01-03 TR TR1998/01286T patent/TR199801286T2/en unknown
- 1997-01-03 DE DE19781419T patent/DE19781419B4/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19600299A1 (en) | 1997-07-10 |
| WO1997025285A1 (en) | 1997-07-17 |
| AU1310197A (en) | 1997-08-01 |
| DE19781419T1 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
| DE19781419B4 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
| ZA9740B (en) | 1998-07-03 |
| TR199801286T2 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
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