HRP20010661A2 - Fuel composition - Google Patents
Fuel composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- HRP20010661A2 HRP20010661A2 HR20010661A HRP20010661A HRP20010661A2 HR P20010661 A2 HRP20010661 A2 HR P20010661A2 HR 20010661 A HR20010661 A HR 20010661A HR P20010661 A HRP20010661 A HR P20010661A HR P20010661 A2 HRP20010661 A2 HR P20010661A2
- Authority
- HR
- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- groups
- gasoline
- fuel mixture
- additive
- defined under
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003254 gasoline additive Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000837 carbohydrate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical group NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006683 Mannich reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001236 detergent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCO XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229950003621 butoxylate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- MQWDTXAOPTYTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 1-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)OCCCC)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1CCC(C#N)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MQWDTXAOPTYTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000923 (C1-C30) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ICKWICRCANNIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 ICKWICRCANNIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminopropylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGQQNYXPYWCUHG-RMTFUQJTSA-N (3e,6e)-deca-3,6-diene Chemical compound CCC\C=C\C\C=C\CC GGQQNYXPYWCUHG-RMTFUQJTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical group CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZGPACAKMCUCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CO TZGPACAKMCUCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANHQLUBMNSSPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4h-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one Chemical group C1=CN=C2NC(=O)COC2=C1 ANHQLUBMNSSPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCO BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 7-[4-[[(3z)-3-[4-amino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]imino-5-fluoro-2-oxoindol-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(\N=C/3C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N(CN4CCN(CC4)C=4C(=CC=5C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=5C=4)C4CC4)F)C\3=O)=NC=2)N)=C1 RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDTDKYHPHANITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCO QDTDKYHPHANITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002552 poly(isobornyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1966—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
-
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Description
Ovaj se izum odnosi na gorivu smjesu koja sadržava kao glavni sastojak određeni benzin i kao sporedne sastojke odabrane dodatke benzinu. This invention relates to a fuel mixture that contains a certain gasoline as the main ingredient and selected gasoline additives as secondary ingredients.
Rasplinjači i usisni sustavi Ottovog motora, kao također i sustavi ubrizgavanja i doziranja goriva, nalaze se pod rastućim opterećenjem zbog onečišćenja uzrokovanih česticama prašine iz zraka, nesagorenim ugljikovodičnim ostacima iz komore za sagorijevanje i zbog odušnih plinova gornjeg dijela korita za ulje koji prolaze do rasplinjača. The carburettor and intake systems of the Otto engine, as well as the fuel injection and metering systems, are under increasing stress due to pollution caused by airborne dust particles, unburned hydrocarbon residues from the combustion chamber and exhaust gases from the upper part of the oil sump passing to the carburettor.
Ovi ostaci mijenjaju omjer zrak/gorivo za vrijeme praznog hoda i pri nižem opterećenju, tako da mješavina postaje slabija a izgaranje manje potpuno, nakon čega se povećava potrošnja benzina i sadržaj nesagorenih ili djelomice sagorenih ugljikohidrata u ispušnom plinu. These residues change the air/fuel ratio during idling and at lower loads, so that the mixture becomes weaker and the combustion less complete, after which the consumption of gasoline and the content of unburned or partially burned carbohydrates in the exhaust gas increase.
Poznati je način izbjegavanja ovih problema korištenjem dodataka gorivu koji čiste ventile i rasplinjače ili sustav ubrizgavanja Ottovih motora (vidi npr.: M. Rossenbeck u «Katalysatoren, Tenside, Mineralöladditive», izdavači J. Falbe i U. Hasserodt, str 223, G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1978). A known way to avoid these problems is by using fuel additives that clean valves and carburetors or the injection system of Otto engines (see for example: M. Rossenbeck in «Katalysatoren, Tenside, Mineralöladditive», publishers J. Falbe and U. Hasserodt, p. 223, G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1978).
Nadalje se pojavljuje problem trošenja sjedišta ventila Ottovih motora starijeg tipa dok rade na bezolovne benzine. Protiv trošenja sjedišta ventila su razvijeni dodaci bazirani na alkalnim metalima ili zemnoalkalnim metalima. Furthermore, there is the problem of valve seat wear of older Otto engines when running on unleaded gasoline. Additives based on alkali metals or alkaline earth metals have been developed against valve seat wear.
Za rad bez teškoća, suvremeni Ottovi motori zahtijevaju automobilska goriva koja posjeduju složeni niz svojstava koja mogu biti zajamčena jedino ako su upotrijebljeni prikladni dodaci benzinu. Takvi benzini se obično sastoje od složene smjese kemijskih sastojaka te su određeni fizičkim parametrima. Odnos između različitih benzina i prikladnih dodataka u poznatim gorivim smjesama i dalje je nezadovoljavajući s obzirom na njihovo deterdžentno djelovanje ili njihovu sposobnost uklanjanja onečišćenja i njihovo djelovanje protiv trošenja sjedišta ventila. To run smoothly, modern Otto engines require automotive fuels that possess a complex array of properties that can only be guaranteed if suitable gasoline additives are used. Such gasolines usually consist of a complex mixture of chemical ingredients and are determined by physical parameters. The relationship between various gasolines and suitable additives in known fuel mixtures is still unsatisfactory with regard to their detergent action or their ability to remove contaminants and their action against valve seat wear.
Stoga je cilj ovoga izuma da osigura djelotvorniju formulaciju benzina i dodataka. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a more effective formulation of gasoline and additives.
U skladu s time pronašli smo smjesu goriva koja sadržava kao glavni sastojak benzin, koji ne sadržava više od 42 vol% aromatskih spojeva i ne više od 150 ppm težine sumpora te kao sporedni sastojak barem jedan dodatak benzinu s deterdžentnim djelovanjem ili djelovanjem protiv trošenja sjedišta ventila. Spomenuti dodatak benzinu sadržava barem jednu hidrofobnu ugljikohidratnu grupu srednje molekulske težine (Mn) između 85 i 20000 i barem jednu polarnu grupu odabranu među slijedećima: Accordingly, we found a fuel mixture containing as the main ingredient gasoline, which does not contain more than 42 vol% of aromatic compounds and no more than 150 ppm by weight of sulfur, and as a secondary ingredient at least one additive to gasoline with a detergent effect or an effect against valve seat wear . Said gasoline additive contains at least one hydrophobic carbohydrate group with an average molecular weight (Mn) between 85 and 20,000 and at least one polar group selected from the following:
a) monoamino ili poliamino grupe koje sadržavaju do 6 dušikovih atoma od kojih je barem jedan alkalnih svojstava, a) monoamino or polyamino groups containing up to 6 nitrogen atoms, at least one of which is alkaline,
b) nitro grupe, ponekad združene s hidroksilnim grupama, b) nitro groups, sometimes combined with hydroxyl groups,
c) hidroksilne grupe združene s monoamino ili poliamino grupama u kojima je barem jedan atom dušika alkalnih svojstava, c) hydroxyl groups combined with monoamino or polyamino groups in which at least one nitrogen atom is of alkaline properties,
d) karboksilne grupe ili njihove soli alkalnih ili zemnoalkalnih metala, d) carboxyl groups or their salts of alkali or alkaline earth metals,
e) sulfo grupe ili njihove soli alkalnih ili zemnoalkalnih metala, e) sulfo groups or their salts of alkali or alkaline earth metals,
f) polioksi-(C2-C4 alkilen) grupe koje završavaju hidroksilnom grupom, monoamino ili poliamino grupom u kojima je barem jedan atom dušika alkalnih svojstava, ili karbamatnom grupom, f) polyoxy-(C2-C4 alkylene) groups ending with a hydroxyl group, a monoamino or polyamino group in which at least one nitrogen atom is alkaline, or a carbamate group,
g) karboksilatne grupe, g) carboxylate groups,
h) grupe izvedene iz sukcininskog anhidrida koje sadržavaju hidroksilne i/ili amino i/ili amido i/ili imido grupe i h) groups derived from succinic anhydride containing hydroxyl and/or amino and/or amido and/or imido groups and
i) grupe dobivene Manichevom reakcijom supstituiranih fenola s aldehidima i mono- ili poliaminima. i) groups obtained by the Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines.
Preferirani volumni udio aromatskih spojeva u benzinu ne prelazi 40%, a u najboljem slučaju ne prelazi niti 38%. Preferirani raspon udjela aromatskih spojeva je između 20 i 42 vol%, a u najboljem slučaju između 25 i 40 vol%. The preferred volume fraction of aromatic compounds in gasoline does not exceed 40%, and in the best case it does not even exceed 38%. The preferred range of the proportion of aromatic compounds is between 20 and 42 vol%, and in the best case between 25 and 40 vol%.
Preferirani sadržaj sumpora u benzinu nije veći od 100 ppm težine, a u najboljem slučaju ne prelazi 50 ppm težine. The preferred content of sulfur in gasoline is not higher than 100 ppm by weight, and in the best case it does not exceed 50 ppm by weight.
Preferirani raspon težinskog udjela sumpora je između 0.5 i 150 ppm, a u najboljem slučaju između 1 i 100 ppm. The preferred range of sulfur content by weight is between 0.5 and 150 ppm, and in the best case between 1 and 100 ppm.
U preferiranom aspektu benzina volumni udio olefina ne prelazi 21%, u boljem slučaju ne prelazi 18 %, a u najboljem slučaju ne prelazi 10%. Preferirani raspon udjela olefina je između 6 i 21 vol%, a u najboljem slučaju između 7 i 18 vol%. In a preferred aspect of the gasoline, the volume fraction of olefins does not exceed 21%, in a better case it does not exceed 18%, and in the best case it does not exceed 10%. The preferred range of olefin content is between 6 and 21 vol%, and in the best case between 7 and 18 vol%.
U slijedećem preferiranom aspektu benzina volumni udio benzena ne prelazi 1.0%, a u najboljem slučaju ne prelazi 0.9%. Preferirani raspon udjela benzena je između 0.5 i 1.0 vol%, a u najboljem slučaju je između 0.6 i 0.9 vol%. In the next preferred aspect of gasoline, the volume fraction of benzene does not exceed 1.0%, and in the best case it does not exceed 0.9%. The preferred range of the benzene content is between 0.5 and 1.0 vol%, and in the best case it is between 0.6 and 0.9 vol%.
U slijedećem preferiranom sastavu benzina težinski udio kisika ne prelazi 2.7%. Preferira se da je raspon težinskog udjela kisika u benzinu između 0.1 i 2.7%, a u najboljem slučaju je između 1.2 i 2.0%. In the next preferred gasoline composition, the oxygen content by weight does not exceed 2.7%. It is preferred that the range of weight fraction of oxygen in gasoline is between 0.1 and 2.7%, and in the best case it is between 1.2 and 2.0%.
Posebna je prednost dana benzinu s volumnim udjelom aromatskih spojeva ne većim od 38%, volumnim udjelom olefina ne većim od 21%, težinskim udjelom sumpora ne većim od 50 ppm, volumnim udjelom benzena ne većim od 1% i težinskim udjelom kisika između 1.0 i 2.7 %. Particular preference is given to gasoline with a volume fraction of aromatic compounds not exceeding 38%, an olefin volume fraction not exceeding 21%, a sulfur content not exceeding 50 ppm, a benzene volume fraction not exceeding 1%, and an oxygen content by weight between 1.0 and 2.7 %.
Udio različitih alkohola i različitih etera u benzinu je obično relativno nizak. Tipični najveći volumni udjeli su, za alkohole: metanol 3%, etanol 5%, izopropanol 10%, tert-butanol 7%, izobutanol 10%, a za etere koji sadržavaju 5 ili više ugljikovih atoma u molekuli 15%. The proportion of different alcohols and different ethers in gasoline is usually relatively low. Typical highest volume fractions are, for alcohols: methanol 3%, ethanol 5%, isopropanol 10%, tert-butanol 7%, isobutanol 10%, and for ethers containing 5 or more carbon atoms in the molecule 15%.
Ljetni tlak para benzina obično nije veći od 70 kPa, a preferira se da nije veći od 60 kPa (pri 37°C). The summer vapor pressure of gasoline is usually not higher than 70 kPa, and preferably not higher than 60 kPa (at 37°C).
Oktanski broj istraživanja («RON») benzina je obično između 90 i 100. Uobičajeni raspon odgovarajućeg oktanskog broja motora («MON») je od 80 do 90. The research octane number ("RON") of gasoline is usually between 90 and 100. The usual range for the corresponding engine octane number ("MON") is 80 to 90.
Gornje značajke određene su uobičajenim metodama (DIN EN 228). The above characteristics are determined by usual methods (DIN EN 228).
Hidrofobna ugljikohidratna grupa dodataka benzinu, koja osigurava dovoljnu topivost u gorivu, ima srednju molekulsku težinu (Mn) od 85 do 20000, preferira se od 113 do 10000, a u najboljem slučaju između 300 i 5000. Tipične hidrofobne ugljikohidratne grupe, osobito u spoju s polarnim grupama (a), (c), (h) i (i), su polipropenil, polibutenil i poliizobutenil radikali čija je molekulska masa Mn između 300 i 5000, preferira se da je između 500 i 2500, a u najboljem slučaju između 750 i 2250. The hydrophobic carbohydrate group of gasoline additives, which ensures sufficient solubility in fuel, has an average molecular weight (Mn) of 85 to 20,000, preferably from 113 to 10,000, and in the best case between 300 and 5,000. Typical hydrophobic carbohydrate groups, especially in combination with polar groups (a), (c), (h) and (i), are polypropenyl, polybutenyl and polyisobutenyl radicals whose molecular weight Mn is between 300 and 5000, preferably between 500 and 2500, and in the best case between 750 and 2250 .
Slijede primjeri zasebnih dodataka benzinu koje odlikuje deterdžentsko djelovanje ili djelovanje protiv trošenja sjedišta ventila. The following are examples of separate additives to gasoline that have a detergent effect or an effect against valve seat wear.
Preferira se da su dodaci koji sadržavaju monoamino ili poliamino grupe (a) mono- ili poliamini polialkena bazirani na polipropilenu ili reaktivnijem (npr. kojemu se dvostruke veze pretežno nalaze terminalno, najčešće na α i β pozicijama) ili konvencionalnom (npr. kojemu se dvostruke veze pretežno nalaze centralno) polibutilenu ili poliizobutilenu molekulske mase Mn između 300 i 5000. Takvi dodaci bazirani na visoko reaktivnom poliizobutilenu, koji može biti pripremljen hidroformilacijom i reduktivnom aminacijom amonijakom, monoaminima ili poliaminima kao što su dimetilaminopropilamin, etilendiamin, dietilentriamin, trietilentetramin ili tetretilenpentamin iz poliizobutilena koji sadržava do 20% težine n-butilenskih jedinica, su iscrpno objelodanjeni u EP-A 244,616. Ako je sinteza aditiva bazirana na polibutilenu ili poliizobutilenu kojima se dvostruke veze nalaze pretežno centralno (najčešće na β i γ pozicijama) kao početnim tvarima, očiti izbor metode sinteze je ona koja uključuje kloriranje nakon koje slijedi aminacija, ili oksidacija dvostrukih veza zrakom ili ozonom kako bi se formirali karbonilni ili karboksilni spojevi, nakon čega slijedi aminacija pod reduktivnim (hidrogenirajućim) uvjetima. Ova se aminacija može izvesti koristeći iste amine kao što je spomenuto gore za reduktivnu aminaciju hidroformiliranih, visoko reaktivnih poliizobutilena. Odgovarajući dodaci bazirani na polipropilenu, opisani su iscrpno u WO-A 94-24231. It is preferred that additives containing monoamino or polyamino groups (a) mono- or polyamines of polyalkenes are based on polypropylene or more reactive (e.g. in which the double bonds are predominantly located terminally, most often in the α and β positions) or conventional (e.g. in which the double bonds are bonds predominantly found central) polybutylene or polyisobutylene molecular weight Mn between 300 and 5000. Such additives based on highly reactive polyisobutylene, which can be prepared by hydroformylation and reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines such as dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine from of polyisobutylene containing up to 20% by weight of n-butylene units are exhaustively disclosed in EP-A 244,616. If the additive synthesis is based on polybutylene or polyisobutylene in which the double bonds are located predominantly centrally (most often in the β and γ positions) as starting materials, the obvious choice of synthesis method is one involving chlorination followed by amination, or oxidation of the double bonds with air or ozone as carbonyl or carboxyl compounds would be formed, followed by amination under reductive (hydrogenating) conditions. This amination can be carried out using the same amines as mentioned above for the reductive amination of hydroformylated, highly reactive polyisobutylenes. Suitable additives based on polypropylene are described in detail in WO-A 94-24231.
Slijedeći preferirani dodaci koji sadržavaju monoamino grupe (a) su produkti hidrogenacije produkata reakcije poliizobutilena koji imaju prosječni stupanj polimerizacije P od 5 do 100 s dušičnim oksidima ili mješavinama dušičnih oksida i kisika, kao što je opisano u WO-A 97/03946. Further preferred additives containing monoamino groups (a) are hydrogenation products of polyisobutylene reaction products having an average degree of polymerization P of 5 to 100 with nitrogen oxides or mixtures of nitrogen oxides and oxygen, as described in WO-A 97/03946.
Slijedeći preferirani dodaci koji sadržavaju monoamino grupe (a) su spojevi proizvedeni iz poliizobutilen epoksida reakcijom s aminima koju slijedi dehidracija i redukcija amino alkohola, kao što je iscrpno opisano u DE-A 196 20 262. The next preferred additives containing monoamino groups (a) are compounds produced from polyisobutylene epoxide by reaction with amines followed by dehydration and reduction of amino alcohols, as described in detail in DE-A 196 20 262.
Dodaci koji sadržavaju nitro grupe, ponekad združeni s hidroksilnim grupama (b), preferirano su produkti reakcije poliizobutilena prosječnog stupnja polimerizacije P od 5 do 100 ili od 10 do 100 s dušičnim oksidima ili smjesom dušičnih oksida i kisika, kao što je iscrpno opisano u WO-A 96/03367 i WO-A 96/03479. Ovi produkti su obično mješavina čistih nitropoliizobutana (primjerice α,β-dinitropoliizobutan) i miješanih hidroksinitropoliizobutana (primjerice α-nitro-β-hidroksipoliizobutan). Additives containing nitro groups, sometimes combined with hydroxyl groups (b), are preferably reaction products of polyisobutylene having an average degree of polymerization P of 5 to 100 or 10 to 100 with nitrogen oxides or a mixture of nitrogen oxides and oxygen, as described in detail in WO -A 96/03367 and WO-A 96/03479. These products are usually a mixture of pure nitropolyisobutanes (eg α,β-dinitropolyisobutane) and mixed hydroxynitropolyisobutanes (eg α-nitro-β-hydroxypolyisobutane).
Dodaci koji sadrže hidroksilne grupe združene s monoamino ili poliamino grupama (c) su napose produkti reakcije poliizobutilen epoksida, koji se mogu dobiti iz poliizobutilena s dvostrukim vezama koje se preferirano nalaze pretežno terminalno, a čija je molekulska težina Mn između 300 i 5000, s amonijakom ili mono- ili poliaminima, kao što je iscrpno opisano u EP-A 476,485. Additives containing hydroxyl groups combined with monoamino or polyamino groups (c) are in particular products of the reaction of polyisobutylene epoxide, which can be obtained from polyisobutylene with double bonds which are preferably located predominantly terminally, and whose molecular weight Mn is between 300 and 5000, with ammonia or mono- or polyamines, as described in detail in EP-A 476,485.
Dodaci koji sadržavaju karboksilne grupe, ili soli alkalnih ili zemnoalkalnih metala (d) su preferirano kopolimeri C2-C40 olefina s maleinskim anhidridom ukupne molekulske težine od 500 do 20000 čije su karboksilne grupe potpuno ili djelomično prerađene u soli alkalnih ili zemnoalkalnih metala, dok je ostatak karboksilnih grupa potaknut da reagira s alkoholom ili aminima. Takvi su dodaci iscrpno objelodanjeni u EP-A 307,815. Spomenuti aditivi uglavnom služe u prevenciji trošenja sjedišta ventila, a, kao što je opisano u WO-A 87/01126, još bolje mogu biti upotrijebljeni u kombinaciji s konvencionalnim deterdžentima za goriva kao što su poli(izo)butilen amini ili polieter amini. Additives containing carboxyl groups, or salts of alkali or alkaline earth metals (d) are preferably copolymers of C2-C40 olefins with maleic anhydride with a total molecular weight of 500 to 20,000 whose carboxyl groups are completely or partially processed into salts of alkali or alkaline earth metals, while the rest is carboxyl groups induced to react with alcohol or amines. Such additions are fully disclosed in EP-A 307,815. Said additives mainly serve to prevent valve seat wear and, as described in WO-A 87/01126, can even better be used in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly(iso)butylene amines or polyether amines.
Dodaci koji sadržavaju sulfo grupe ili njihove soli alkalnih ili zemnoalkalnih metala (e) su preferirano soli alkalnih ili zemnoalkalnih metala alkil sulfosukcinata, kao što je iscrpno opisano u EP-A 639,632. Takvi aditivi uglavnom služe u prevenciji trošenja sjedišta ventila, a još bolje mogu biti upotrijebljeni u kombinaciji s konvencionalnim deterdžentima za goriva kao što su poli(izo)butilen amini ili polieter amini. Additives containing sulfo groups or alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof (e) are preferably alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl sulfosuccinates, as described in detail in EP-A 639,632. Such additives mainly serve to prevent valve seat wear, and even better they can be used in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly(iso)butylene amines or polyether amines.
Preferira se da su dodaci koji sadrže polioksi-(C2-C4) alkilenske grupe (f) polieteri ili polieter amini, koji su dobiveni reakcijom C2-C60 alkanola, C6-C30 alkandiola, mono- ili di-(C2-C30 alkil)amina, (C1-C30 alkil)cikloheksanola ili (C1-C30 alkil)fenola s od 1 do 30 mola etilen oksida i/ili propilen oksida i/ili butilen oksida po hidroksilnoj ili amino grupi i, u slučaju polieter amina, s naknadnom reduktivnom aminacijom amonijakom, monoaminima ili poliaminima. Takvi produkti su iscrpno opisani u EP-A 310,875, EP-A 356,725, EP-A 700,985 i US-A 4,877,416. U slučaju polietera takvi produkti imaju također i svojstva ulja za izplutavanje. Tipični primjeri toga su tridekanol butoksilati ili izotridekanol butoksilati, izononilfenol butoksilati, poliizobutenol butoksilati i poliizobutenol propoksilati i odgovarajući produkti reakcije s amonijakom. It is preferred that additives containing polyoxy-(C2-C4) alkylene groups (f) are polyethers or polyether amines, which are obtained by the reaction of C2-C60 alkanols, C6-C30 alkanediols, mono- or di-(C2-C30 alkyl)amines , (C1-C30 alkyl)cyclohexanol or (C1-C30 alkyl)phenol with from 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide per hydroxyl or amino group and, in the case of polyether amines, with subsequent reductive amination ammonia, monoamines or polyamines. Such products are described in detail in EP-A 310,875, EP-A 356,725, EP-A 700,985 and US-A 4,877,416. In the case of polyether, such products also have the properties of flotation oil. Typical examples of these are tridecanol butoxylates or isotridecanol butoxylates, isonylphenol butoxylates, polyisobutenol butoxylates and polyisobutenol propoxylates and the corresponding products of the reaction with ammonia.
Dodaci koji sadržavaju karboksilne grupe (g) su preferirano esteri mono-, di- ili trikarboksilne kiseline s dugolančanim alkanolima ili poliolima, posebice onima kojima je minimalni viskozitet 2 mm2/s pri 100°C, kao što je iscrpno opisano u DE-A 3,838,918. Korištene mono-, di-, ili trikarboksilne kiseline mogu biti alifatske ili aromatske kiseline, a prikladni alkoholni esteri ili poliol esteri su uglavnom dugolančani predstavnici koji sadržavaju, na primjer, od 6 do 24 ugljikovih atoma. Tipični predstavnici ovih estera su adipati, ftalati, izoftalati, tereftalati i trimellitati izooktanola, izononanola, izodekanola i izotridekanola. Takvi proizvodi također imaju svojstva ulja za izplutavanje. Additives containing carboxyl groups (g) are preferably esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, especially those with a minimum viscosity of 2 mm2/s at 100°C, as described in detail in DE-A 3,838,918 . The mono-, di-, or tricarboxylic acids used can be aliphatic or aromatic acids, and suitable alcohol esters or polyol esters are generally long-chain representatives containing, for example, from 6 to 24 carbon atoms. Typical representatives of these esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of isooctanol, isononanol, isodecanol and isotridecanol. Such products also have the properties of flotation oil.
Dodaci koji sadržavaju grupe izvedene iz sukcininskog anhidrida i hidroksilne i/ili amino i/ili amido i/ili imido grupe (h) su preferirano odgovarajući derivati poliizobutenilsukcininskog anhidrida, dobivenog reakcijom konvencionalnog ili visoko reaktivnog poliizobutilena molekulske težine Mn od 300 do 5000 s maleinskim anhidridom i to termalnim postupkom ili preko kloriranog poliizobutilena. S obzirom na to, od posebnog značenja su derivati s alifatskim poliaminima kao što su etilendiamin, dietilentriamin, trietilentetramin ili tetretilenpentamin. Takvi dodaci benzinu su iscrpno opisani u US-A 4,849,572. Additives containing groups derived from succinic anhydride and hydroxyl and/or amino and/or amido and/or imido groups (h) are preferably appropriate derivatives of polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride, obtained by reaction of conventional or highly reactive polyisobutylene of molecular weight Mn from 300 to 5000 with maleic anhydride by a thermal process or through chlorinated polyisobutylene. In this regard, derivatives with aliphatic polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine are of particular importance. Such gasoline additives are described in detail in US-A 4,849,572.
Dodaci koji sadržavaju grupe (i) dobivene Manichevom reakcijom supstituiranih fenola s aldehidima i mono- ili poliaminima su preferirano produkti reakcije poliizobutilen-supstituiranih fenola s formaldehidom i mono- ili poliaminima kao što su etilendiamin, dietilentriamin, trietilentetramin, tetretilenpentamin ili dimetilaminopropilamin. Poliizobutenil-supstituirani fenoli mogu biti izvedeni iz konvencionalnog ili visoko reaktivnog poliizobutilena molekulske težine Mn od 300 do 5000. Takve «poliizobutilen Manicheve baze» su iscrpno opisane u EP-A 831,141. Additives containing groups (i) obtained by the Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines are preferably reaction products of polyisobutylene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or dimethylaminopropylamine. Polyisobutenyl-substituted phenols can be derived from conventional or highly reactive polyisobutylene with a molecular weight Mn of 300 to 5000. Such "polyisobutylene Mannich bases" are exhaustively described in EP-A 831,141.
Kako bi se osigurale preciznije definicije gore spomenutih zasebnih dodataka benzinu, otkrića spomenutih specifikacija trenutnog stanja struke su ovdje uključena referencama. In order to provide more precise definitions of the aforementioned separate gasoline additives, the disclosures of the aforementioned prior art specifications are incorporated herein by reference.
Goriva smjesa izuma može sadržavati i ostale konvencionalne sastojke i dodatke. Prije svega to su ulja za izplutavanje bez označenog deterdžentnog djelovanja, na primjer mineralna ulja za izplutavanje (bazna ulja), posebice ona klase viskoziteta «Solvent Neutral (SN) 500 do 2000», i sintetička ulja za izplutavanje bazirana na olefinskim polimerima molekulske težine Mn od 400 do 1800, uglavnom baziranima na polibutilenu ili poliizobutilenu (hidrogeniranom ili nehidrogeniranom), na poli α-olefinima ili poli internim olefinima. The fuel mixture of the invention can also contain other conventional ingredients and additives. First of all, these are flotation oils without marked detergent action, for example mineral flotation oils (base oils), especially those of the viscosity class «Solvent Neutral (SN) 500 to 2000», and synthetic flotation oils based on olefinic polymers of molecular weight Mn from 400 to 1800, mainly based on polybutylene or polyisobutylene (hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated), on poly α-olefins or poly internal olefins.
Prikladna otapala ili razrjeđivači (za upotrebu u paketima dodataka) su alifatski i aromatski ugljikohidrati, npr. otapalo nafta. Suitable solvents or diluents (for use in supplement packages) are aliphatic and aromatic carbohydrates, eg solvent naphtha.
Daljnji konvencionalni dodaci su inhibitori korozije bazirani, na primjer, na film-formirajućim solima amonijaka organskih karboksilnih kiselina ili heterocikličkim aromatskim spojevima za zaštitu ne-željeznih metala od korozije, antioksidativna ili stabilizirajuća sredstva bazirana, na primjer, na aminima kao što su p-fenilenediamin, dicikloheksilamin ili njihovi derivati, ili fenolima kao što su 2,4-di-tert-butilfenol ili 3,5-di-tert-butil-4-hidroksifenilpropionska kiselina, nadalje demulzifikatori, antistatička sredstva, metaloceni kao što su ferrocen ili metilciklopentadienil manganski trikarbonil, lubrificirajući dodaci kao što su određene masne kiseline, alkenil sukcinati, bis(hidroksialkil)masni amini, hidroksiacetamid ili ricinusovo ulje i također bojila (selektivni označivači). Amini se katkada dodaju i za smanjivanje pH automobilskih goriva. Further conventional additives are corrosion inhibitors based, for example, on film-forming ammonia salts of organic carboxylic acids or heterocyclic aromatic compounds for the protection of non-ferrous metals against corrosion, antioxidant or stabilizing agents based, for example, on amines such as p-phenylenediamine , dicyclohexylamine or their derivatives, or phenols such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, further demulsifiers, antistatic agents, metallocenes such as ferrocene or methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, lubricating additives such as certain fatty acids, alkenyl succinates, bis(hydroxyalkyl) fatty amines, hydroxyacetamide or castor oil and also dyes (selective markers). Amines are sometimes added to reduce the pH of automotive fuels.
Ostale prikladne gorive smjese izuma obuhvaćaju, posebice, mješavinu gore opisanog benzina s mješavinom dodataka benzinu koje sadržavaju polarnu grupu (f) i inhibitore korozije i/ili poboljšivače podmazivanja bazirane na karboksilnim kiselinama ili masnim kiselinama koje mogu biti prisutne kao monomeri i/ili dimeri. Tipične mješavine ovoga tipa sadržavaju poliizobutilen amine združene s alkanol-iniciranim polieterima kao što su tridekanol ili izotridekanol butoksilat ili propoksilat, poliizobutilen amine združene s alkanol-iniciranim polieter aminima kao što su produkti reakcije tridekanol ili izotridekanol butoksilata s amonijakom i alkanol-iniciranim polieter aminima kao što su produkti reakcije tridekanol- ili izotridekanol butoksilata s amonijakom združenim s alkanol-iniciranim polieterima kao što su tridekanol- ili izotridekanol butooksilat ili propoksilat, u svakom slučaju združenima sa spomenutim inhibitorima korozije ili poboljšivačima podmazivanja. Other suitable fuel mixtures of the invention include, in particular, a mixture of the gasoline described above with a mixture of gasoline additives containing polar group (f) and corrosion inhibitors and/or lubricity improvers based on carboxylic acids or fatty acids which may be present as monomers and/or dimers. Typical mixtures of this type contain polyisobutylene amines coupled with alkanol-initiated polyethers such as tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylate or propoxylate, polyisobutylene amines coupled with alkanol-initiated polyether amines such as the reaction products of tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylate with ammonia and alkanol-initiated polyether amines as which are the products of the reaction of tridecanol- or isotridecanol butoxylate with ammonia combined with alkanol-initiated polyethers such as tridecanol- or isotridecanol butoxylate or propoxylate, in each case combined with the mentioned corrosion inhibitors or lubrication improvers.
Spomenuti dodaci benzinu koji sadržavaju polarne grupe (a) do (i) i ostale spomenute komponente dozirane su u benzin, gdje postaju djelatne. Komponente i dodaci mogu biti dodani u benzin svaki zasebno ili kao prethodno pripremljeni koncentrat (paket dodataka). The mentioned gasoline additives containing polar groups (a) to (i) and other mentioned components are dosed into gasoline, where they become active. Components and additives can be added to gasoline each separately or as a pre-prepared concentrate (package of additives).
Spomenuti dodaci benzinu koji sadrže polarne grupe (a) do (i) obično su dodani benzinu u količinama od 1 do 5000 ppm težine, bolje bi bilo od 5 do 3000 ppm težine, a najbolje od 10 do 1000 ppm težine. Druge spomenute komponente i aditivi su, po želji, dodani u konvencionalnim količinama. Said gasoline additives containing polar groups (a) to (i) are usually added to gasoline in amounts of from 1 to 5,000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 5 to 3,000 ppm by weight, and most preferably from 10 to 1,000 ppm by weight. Other mentioned components and additives are, if desired, added in conventional amounts.
Goriva smjesa iz izuma iznenađujuće omogućuje da se upotrebi značajno manje deterdženta ili sredstva protiv trošenja sjedišta ventila kako bi se postiglo isto deterdžentsko djelovanje ili djelovanje na uklanjanju onečišćenja ili djelovanje protiv trošenja sjedišta ventila kao i u slučaju trenutno konvencionalnih gorivih smjesa. Nadalje, kada su upotrijebljene iste količine deterdženta ili sredstva protiv trošenja ventila u gorivim smjesama izuma kao i u konvencionalnoj gorivoj smjesi iznenađujuće je postignuto značajno bolje deterdžentno djelovanje ili djelovanje na uklanjanju onečišćenja ili djelovanje protiv trošenja sjedišta ventila. The fuel mixture of the invention surprisingly allows significantly less detergent or anti-valve seat wear agent to be used to achieve the same detergent or fouling action or anti-valve seat wear action as in the case of currently conventional fuel mixtures. Furthermore, when the same amounts of detergent or anti-valve wear agents were used in the fuel mixtures of the invention as in a conventional fuel mixture, surprisingly significantly better detergent or fouling action or anti-valve seat wear action was achieved.
Nadalje goriva smjesa iz izuma ima dodatne prednosti u tome da se pojavljuje manje sedimenta u komori za sagorijevanje Ottovog motora te u tome što manje dodataka uslijed razrjeđivanja goriva odlazi u motorno ulje. Furthermore, the fuel mixture of the invention has additional advantages in that less sediment appears in the combustion chamber of the Otto engine and in that fewer additives due to fuel dilution go into the engine oil.
Izum je ilustriran, ali ne i ograničen slijedećim primjerima. The invention is illustrated, but not limited, by the following examples.
Primjeri: Examples:
Benzini koji su upotrebljavani su oni nabrojeni u Tabeli 1 te oni odgovaraju danim specifikacijama, a naznačeni su time da je OF 1 tipično komercijalno Ottovo gorivo. The gasolines used are those listed in Table 1 and they correspond to the given specifications, and it is indicated that OF 1 is a typical commercial Otto fuel.
Tabela 1 Table 1
[image] [image]
Pripremanje gorive smjese Preparation of the fuel mixture
Primjer 1 (komparativni primjer) Example 1 (comparative example)
700 mg poliizobutilen amina pripremljenog od visoko reaktivnog poliizobutilena molekulske težine Mn 1000 hidroformilacijom i kasnijom reduktivnom aminacijom amonijakom, te razrjeđivanjem do jednakih težinskih dijelova s C10-C14 parafinom (Kerocom ® PIBA koji prodaje BASF Aktiengesellshaft), otopljeno je u 1 kg OF1 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 700 mg of polyisobutylene amine prepared from highly reactive polyisobutylene of molecular weight Mn 1000 by hydroformylation and subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, and diluting to equal parts by weight with C10-C14 paraffin (Kerocom ® PIBA sold by BASF Aktiengesellshaft), was dissolved in 1 kg of OF1 as shown Table 1.
Primjer 2 (izum) Example 2 (invention)
700 mg istog poliizobutilen amina koji je upotrijebljen u Primjeru 1 otopljeno je u 1 kg OF2 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 700 mg of the same polyisobutylene amine used in Example 1 was dissolved in 1 kg of OF2 as shown in Table 1.
Primjer 3 (komparativni primjer) Example 3 (comparative example)
600 mg komercijalne formulacije za dodavanje benzinima koja sadržava konvencionalnu količinu deterdženta koji sadržava karbamatne grupe kao u grupi (f), otopljeno je u 1 kg OF1 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 600 mg of a commercial formulation for adding to gasoline containing a conventional amount of detergent containing carbamate groups as in group (f) was dissolved in 1 kg of OF1 as shown in Table 1.
Primjer 4 (izum) Example 4 (invention)
600 mg iste komercijalne formulacije za dodavanje benzinima, koja je upotrijebljena u Primjeru 3, otopljeno je u 1 kg OF2 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 600 mg of the same commercial gasoline additive formulation used in Example 3 was dissolved in 1 kg of OF2 as shown in Table 1.
Primjer 5 (komparativni primjer) Example 5 (comparative example)
400 mg komercijalne formulacije za dodavanje benzinima koja sadržava deterdžent, pripremljene kloriranjem i naknadnom aminacijom poliizobutilena molekulske težine Mn 950 čije su dvostruke veze postavljene pretežno centralno, otopljeno je u 1 kg OF1 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 400 mg of a commercial formulation for adding to gasoline containing a detergent, prepared by chlorination and subsequent amination of polyisobutylene of molecular weight Mn 950 whose double bonds are placed predominantly centrally, was dissolved in 1 kg of OF1 as shown in Table 1.
Primjer 6 (izum) Example 6 (invention)
400 mg iste komercijalne formulacije za dodavanje benzinima koja je upotrijebljena u Primjeru 5, otopljeno je u 1 kg OF2 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 400 mg of the same commercial gasoline additive formulation used in Example 5 was dissolved in 1 kg of OF2 as shown in Table 1.
Primjer 7 (komparativni primjer) Example 7 (comparative example)
750 mg komercijalne formulacije za dodavanje benzinima, koja sadržava 50% težine istog poliizobutilen amina koji je upotrijebljen u Primjeru 1 te također mineralna i sintetička ulja za izplutavanje i sredstva za kontrolu korozije (Keropur® 3222 koji prodaje BASF Aktiengesellschaft) u konvencionalnim količinama, otopljeno je u 1 kg OF1 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 750 mg of a commercial gasoline additive formulation, containing 50% by weight of the same polyisobutylene amine used in Example 1 and also mineral and synthetic flotation oils and corrosion control agents (Keropur® 3222 sold by BASF Aktiengesellschaft) in conventional amounts, were dissolved in 1 kg of OF1 as shown in Table 1.
Primjer 8 (izum) Example 8 (invention)
350 mg iste komercijalne formulacije za dodavanje benzinima, koja je upotrijebljena u Primjeru 7, otopljeno je u 1 kg OF2 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 350 mg of the same commercial gasoline additive formulation used in Example 7 was dissolved in 1 kg of OF2 as shown in Table 1.
Primjer 9 (komparativni primjer) Example 9 (comparative example)
500 mg komercijalne formulacije za dodavanje benzinima, koja sadržava 60% težine istog poliizobutilen amina koji je upotrijebljen u Primjeru 1 i također mineralno ulje za izplutavanje i sredstva za kontrolu korozije (Keropur® 3233 koji prodaje BASF Aktiengesellschaft) u konvencionalnim količinama otopljeno je u 1 kg OF1 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 500 mg of a commercial gasoline additive formulation, containing 60% by weight of the same polyisobutylene amine as used in Example 1 and also mineral oil for flotation and corrosion control agents (Keropur® 3233 sold by BASF Aktiengesellschaft) in conventional amounts were dissolved in 1 kg OF1 as shown in Table 1.
Primjer 10 (izum) Example 10 (invention)
500 mg iste komercijalne formulacije za dodavanje benzinima, koja je upotrijebljena u Primjeru 9, otopljeno je u 1 kg OF2 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 500 mg of the same commercial gasoline additive formulation used in Example 9 was dissolved in 1 kg of OF2 as shown in Table 1.
Primjer 11 (komparativni primjer) Example 11 (comparative example)
700 mg smjese od 50% težine istoga poliizobutilen amina koji je upotrijebljen u Primjeru 1 i 50% težine komercijalnog dodatka protiv trošenja (Kerocom® 3280 koji prodaje BASF Aktiengesellschaft) otopljeni su u 1 kg OF1 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 700 mg of a mixture of 50% by weight of the same polyisobutylene amine used in Example 1 and 50% by weight of a commercial anti-wear additive (Kerocom® 3280 sold by BASF Aktiengesellschaft) were dissolved in 1 kg of OF1 as shown in Table 1.
Primjer 12 (izum) Example 12 (invention)
700 mg iste komercijalne formulacije za dodavanje benzinima, koja je upotrijebljena u Primjeru 11, otopljeno je u 1 kg OF2 kao što pokazuje Tabela 1. 700 mg of the same commercial gasoline additive formulation used in Example 11 was dissolved in 1 kg of OF2 as shown in Table 1.
Ispitivanja rada Work tests
Primjer 13 (komparativni primjer) Example 13 (comparative example)
Benzin iz Primjera 1 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu koristeći Mercedes-Benz motor CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji nego osnovne vrijednosti dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. The gasoline of Example 1 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test using the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly lower than the baseline values obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below.
Primjer 14 (izum) Example 14 (invention)
Benzin iz primjera 2 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu na Mercedes-Benz motoru CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji od osnovne vrijednosti dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. Bilo je iznenađujuće uvidjeti da je u usporedbi s Primjerom 13 postignuto savršeno čišćenje usisnih ventila korištenjem iste količine dodatka gorivu. The gasoline of Example 2 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test on the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly less than the baseline value obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below. It was surprising to see that, compared to Example 13, perfect intake valve cleaning was achieved using the same amount of fuel additive.
Primjer 15 (komparativni primjer) Example 15 (comparative example)
Benzin iz Primjera 3 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu na Mercedes-Benz motoru CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji od osnovne vrijednost dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. The gasoline of Example 3 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test on the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly less than the baseline value obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below.
Primjer 16 (izum) Example 16 (invention)
Benzin iz primjera 4 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu na Mercedes-Benz motoru CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji od osnovne vrijednosti dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. Bilo je iznenađujuće uvidjeti da je u usporedbi s Primjerom 15 postignuto praktički savršeno čišćenje usisnih ventila korištenjem iste količine dodatka gorivu. The gasoline of Example 4 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test on the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly less than the baseline value obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below. It was surprising to see that, compared to Example 15, practically perfect cleaning of the intake valves was achieved using the same amount of fuel additive.
Primjer 17 (komparativni primjer) Example 17 (comparative example)
Benzin iz Primjera 5 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu na Mercedes-Benz motoru CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji od osnovne vrijednost dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. The gasoline of Example 5 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test on the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly less than the baseline value obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below.
Primjer 18 (izum) Example 18 (invention)
Benzin iz primjera 6 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu koristeći Mercedes-Benz motor CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji od osnovne vrijednosti dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. Bilo je iznenađujuće uvidjeti da je u usporedbi s Primjerom 17 postignuto praktički savršeno čišćenje usisnih ventila korištenjem iste količine dodatka gorivu. The gasoline of Example 6 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test using the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly less than the baseline value obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below. It was surprising to see that, compared to Example 17, practically perfect cleaning of the intake valves was achieved using the same amount of fuel additive.
Primjer 19 (komparativni primjer) Example 19 (comparative example)
Benzin iz Primjera 7 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu na Mercedes-Benz motoru CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji od osnovne vrijednost dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. The gasoline of Example 7 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test on the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly less than the baseline value obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below.
Primjer 20 (izum) Example 20 (invention)
Benzin iz primjera 8 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu na Mercedes-Benz motoru CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji od osnovne vrijednosti dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. Bilo je iznenađujuće uvidjeti da je potrebno značajno manje dodatka gorivu nego u Primjeru 19 da bi se postigao sličan stupanj čistoće usisnog ventila. The gasoline of Example 8 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test on the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly less than the baseline value obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below. It was surprising to find that significantly less fuel addition was required than in Example 19 to achieve a similar degree of intake valve cleanliness.
Primjer 21 (komparativni primjer) Example 21 (comparative example)
Benzin iz Primjera 9 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu na Mercedes-Benz motoru CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji od osnovne vrijednost dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. The gasoline of Example 9 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test on the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly less than the baseline value obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below.
Primjer 22 (izum) Example 22 (invention)
Benzin iz primjera 10 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu koristeći Mercedes-Benz motor CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji od osnovne vrijednosti dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. Bilo je iznenađujuće uvidjeti da je u usporedbi s Primjerom 21 postignuto značajno bolje čišćenje usisnih ventila korištenjem iste količine dodatka gorivu. The gasoline of Example 10 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test using the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly less than the baseline value obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below. It was surprising to see that compared to Example 21 significantly better intake valve clearance was achieved using the same amount of fuel additive.
Primjer 23 (komparativni primjer) Example 23 (comparative example)
Benzin iz Primjera 11 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu na Mercedes-Benz motoru CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji od osnovne vrijednost dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. The gasoline of Example 11 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test on the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly less than the baseline value obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below.
Primjer 24 (izum) Example 24 (invention)
Benzin iz primjera 12 ispitivan je da bi se utvrdila njegova prikladnost za održavanje usisnog sustava čistim. To je učinjeno izvođenjem testa motora u obliku testa na radnom stolu na Mercedes-Benz motoru CEC F-05-A-93. Kao što je bilo očekivano, talozi na usisnim ventilima bili su značajno manji od osnovne vrijednosti dobivene kada nikakvi dodaci nisu bili upotrijebljeni, kao što prikazuje Tabela 2 ispod. Bilo je iznenađujuće uvidjeti da je u usporedbi s Primjerom 23 postignuto značajno bolje čišćenje usisnih ventila uz korištenje iste količine dodatka gorivu. The gasoline of Example 12 was tested to determine its suitability for keeping the intake system clean. This was done by performing an engine test in the form of a bench test on the Mercedes-Benz CEC F-05-A-93 engine. As expected, deposits on the intake valves were significantly less than the baseline value obtained when no additives were used, as shown in Table 2 below. It was surprising to see that compared to Example 23 significantly better intake valve cleaning was achieved using the same amount of fuel additive.
Tabela 2 Table 2
[image] [image]
(vrijednosti u zagradama odnose se na osnovne vrijednosti automobilskog goriva koje ne sadržava dodatke) (values in parentheses refer to the basic values of car fuel that does not contain additives)
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DE19905211A DE19905211A1 (en) | 1999-02-09 | 1999-02-09 | Fuel composition |
PCT/EP2000/000911 WO2000047698A1 (en) | 1999-02-09 | 2000-02-05 | Fuel composition |
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EP3609990B1 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2021-10-27 | Basf Se | Polymers as additives for fuels and lubricants |
WO2021063733A1 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-08 | Basf Se | Use of nitrogen compounds quaternised with alkylene oxide and hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid as additives in fuels and lubricants |
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1999
- 1999-02-09 DE DE19905211A patent/DE19905211A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2000
- 2000-01-27 MY MYPI20000287A patent/MY121511A/en unknown
- 2000-02-05 EP EP02023972A patent/EP1277828A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-05 EE EEP200100420A patent/EE200100420A/en unknown
- 2000-02-05 WO PCT/EP2000/000911 patent/WO2000047698A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-05 NZ NZ513306A patent/NZ513306A/en unknown
- 2000-02-05 IL IL14437500A patent/IL144375A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-05 KR KR1020017009976A patent/KR100663774B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-05 CZ CZ20012854A patent/CZ20012854A3/en unknown
- 2000-02-05 SK SK1085-2001A patent/SK10852001A3/en unknown
- 2000-02-05 AU AU34220/00A patent/AU766424B2/en not_active Expired
- 2000-02-05 EP EP00912452A patent/EP1155102A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-02-05 HU HU0200270A patent/HUP0200270A3/en unknown
- 2000-02-05 PL PL349860A patent/PL191309B1/en unknown
- 2000-02-05 EP EP05019565A patent/EP1612257A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-05 RU RU2001124864A patent/RU2238300C2/en active
- 2000-02-05 CA CA002359723A patent/CA2359723A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-05 TR TR2001/02283T patent/TR200102283T2/en unknown
- 2000-02-05 JP JP2000598599A patent/JP2002536531A/en active Pending
- 2000-02-05 BR BR0008087-0A patent/BR0008087A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-08 AR ARP000100531A patent/AR022534A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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2001
- 2001-08-08 NO NO20013864A patent/NO20013864L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-07 HR HR20010661A patent/HRP20010661A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-07 ZA ZA200107409A patent/ZA200107409B/en unknown
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WO2000047698A1 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
HUP0200270A2 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
HUP0200270A3 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
IL144375A0 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
PL191309B1 (en) | 2006-04-28 |
PL349860A1 (en) | 2002-09-23 |
EP1155102A1 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
NO20013864D0 (en) | 2001-08-08 |
EP1612257A2 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
EE200100420A (en) | 2002-12-16 |
NZ513306A (en) | 2003-01-31 |
DE19905211A1 (en) | 2000-08-10 |
NO20013864L (en) | 2001-08-08 |
MY121511A (en) | 2006-01-28 |
CZ20012854A3 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
JP2002536531A (en) | 2002-10-29 |
RU2238300C2 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
ZA200107409B (en) | 2003-01-29 |
TR200102283T2 (en) | 2001-12-21 |
AR022534A1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
AU766424B2 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
KR100663774B1 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
SK10852001A3 (en) | 2002-06-04 |
EP1277828A2 (en) | 2003-01-22 |
BR0008087A (en) | 2001-11-06 |
AU3422000A (en) | 2000-08-29 |
EP1277828A3 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
CA2359723A1 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
IL144375A (en) | 2004-08-31 |
KR20010111491A (en) | 2001-12-19 |
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