GB791308A - Production of polymers and copolymers of basic monomers - Google Patents

Abstract

Monomers containing a >C = C< group and a basic nitrogen atom and optionally another ethylenically unsaturated monomer are polymerized, e.g. continuously, in aqueous media at a pH between 1 and 5 in the presence of a catalyst combination comprising chlorate, sulphoxy and nitrate ions. The aqueous medium may be a solution, dispersion or emulsion. Fillers, dyes, pigments, plasticizers and natural or synthetic resins may be incorporated in the polymerizable mix either before or during polymerization. The catalyst may be added portionwise. The basic monomer may be 2-methyl-5-vinyl, 2 - vinyl - 5 - ethyl, 4 - vinyl, or 2 - vinyl pyridine, allylamine, diallylamine, diallylmethylamine, N - 3 - dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, N - 2 - dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2 - vinyl benzimidazole, N - vinylimidazole, N,N - di - methacrylate, 2 - vinylbenzimidazole, N - vinylimidazole, N,N - dimethyl O - allyl - isourea, N - vinyl - N - ethyl guanidine, methacrylo - guanamine, acrylamido - propyl - benzyl dimethylammonium chloride, N - 2 - hydroxyethyl - 2 - vinyl pyridinium sulphate, dimethylaminoethyl fumarate, and N-3-cyclohexylaminopropyl acrylamide. The other monomer may be allyl alcohol, ethylene, styrene and nuclear substituted styrenes, acrylic or methacrylic acids and esters, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloracetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl stearate, butadiene, vinylidene chloride, acrolein, diallyl phthalate, vinyl ethyl ether, trifluochloroethylene, diethyl fumarate, or dimethyl maleate. In emulsion polymerization the emulsifier may be sulphonated paraffin oil, alkylated naphthalene sulphonate, sodium lignosulphonate, the salts of long chain alkyl sulphates and sulphonates such as sodium cetyl sulphate and sodium lauryl sulphate, the sodium, potassium and amine soaps of long chain fatty acids, cetyl trimethyl or benzyldimethyldodecyl or dimethylhydroxyethylstearamido - propyl - ammonium chloride. The chlorate, nitrate and sulphoxy ions may be obtained directly from chloric, nitric and sulphurous acid, preferably, however, watersoluble salts of these acids are included in the polymerization mixture together with acids such as sulphuric, phosphoric or acetic.