GB745012A - The incorporation of inorganic additives into fuel oils - Google Patents
The incorporation of inorganic additives into fuel oilsInfo
- Publication number
- GB745012A GB745012A GB20878/53A GB2087853A GB745012A GB 745012 A GB745012 A GB 745012A GB 20878/53 A GB20878/53 A GB 20878/53A GB 2087853 A GB2087853 A GB 2087853A GB 745012 A GB745012 A GB 745012A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- compounds
- fuel oil
- oil
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title abstract 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- -1 amine compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005263 alkylenediamine group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J kaolinite Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])=O CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1291—Silicon and boron containing compounds
Abstract
A dispersion of an inorganic colloid in a fuel oil is produced by mixing a hydrogel of an inorganic colloid with the fuel oil, separating the water from the mixture and mechanically working the gel/oil system until it is homogenous. Colloids specified are silica and the oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and silicates of the polyvalent metals, e.g. magnesia, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, alumina. magnesium silicate, calcium silicate and aluminium silicate; metal sulphates and phosphates; bentonite clays, kaolinite, magnesium montmorillonites, e.g. hectorite and Wyoming montmorillonites; and synthetic zeolites, such as that formed from sodium silicate and sodium aluminate. The preparation of the dispersion may also be carried out in the presence of a surface-active agent, which may be a cationic. anionic or non-ionic compound. Compounds referred to are amine compounds having at least 8 carbon atoms, e.g. quaternary ammonium compounds, alkylamines and their salts and cyclic amines; partial amides of alkylene diamines or of polyalkylene polyamines or salts thereof; complex polyamine compounds; oil-soluble soaps of carboxylic and organic sulphonic acids; oilsoluble organic acids having at least 12 carbon atoms, e.g. carboxylic, sulphinic and sulphonic acids; and oil-soluble hydroxyl-containing organic compounds, e.g. hydroxy fatty acids, olefinic glycols, partially hydrolysed glycerides and monohydric alcohols containing at least 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the above types of compounds are given. The fuel oil may be a residual petroleum fuel oil, partcularly one which forms an ash containing a major proportion of vanadium and/or sodium, or a mixture of the residual oils with distilled or cracked hydrocarbon fuel oils. The mechanical working may be effected by stirring the mixture, milling, shearing, for example by passing through a colloid or paint mill, or subjecting the mixture to supersonic sound. In one example, a silica hydrogel is prepared by addition of dilute sodium silicate solution to sulphuric acid until the product has a pH of 6.3, ageing the hydrogel so formed and washing with water; the hydrogel is added to fuel oil, stirred, and the mixture milled by passing through a Bosch pump capillary; the water is evaporated off and the mixture passed through a paint mill to form a fuel concentrate which is diluted with fuel oil to form a homogenous fuel composition.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE530671D BE530671A (en) | 1953-07-28 | ||
| GB20878/53A GB745012A (en) | 1953-07-28 | 1953-07-28 | The incorporation of inorganic additives into fuel oils |
| FR1111067D FR1111067A (en) | 1953-07-28 | 1954-07-26 | Incorporation of non-organic admixtures in liquid fuels |
| DES40177A DE957592C (en) | 1953-07-28 | 1954-07-27 | Process for the preparation of a dispersion of an inorganic colloid in a heating oil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB20878/53A GB745012A (en) | 1953-07-28 | 1953-07-28 | The incorporation of inorganic additives into fuel oils |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB745012A true GB745012A (en) | 1956-02-15 |
Family
ID=10153269
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB20878/53A Expired GB745012A (en) | 1953-07-28 | 1953-07-28 | The incorporation of inorganic additives into fuel oils |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE530671A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE957592C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1111067A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB745012A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2993336A (en) * | 1957-09-06 | 1961-07-25 | British Petroleum Co | Operation of gas turbine engines and fuel compositions for use in said engines |
| US3067018A (en) * | 1957-10-29 | 1962-12-04 | Bray Oil Co | Colloidal additives for fuel oils |
| US3078662A (en) * | 1959-02-24 | 1963-02-26 | Gulf Research Development Co | Non-corrosive vanadiumcontaining fuels |
| US3316070A (en) * | 1963-08-30 | 1967-04-25 | Perolin Co Inc | Method for preventing carbonaceous deposits in diesel engines |
| US8695540B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2014-04-15 | Aerojet Rocketdyne Of De, Inc. | Fuel-cracking diesel engine system |
| US8814958B2 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2014-08-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Liquid fuel with endothermic fuel-cracking catalyst |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL252375A (en) * | 1959-06-23 | |||
| US3817722A (en) * | 1972-08-17 | 1974-06-18 | Perolin Co Inc | Compositions for inhibiting corrosion and ash deposition in fossil fuel burning equipment |
| DE3203902A1 (en) * | 1982-02-05 | 1983-08-11 | Ruhrkohle-Carborat GmbH, 4152 Kempen | Fuel oil substitute |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE824841C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1951-12-13 | Draegerwerk Heinr U Bernh Drae | Device for artificial breathing |
-
0
- BE BE530671D patent/BE530671A/xx unknown
-
1953
- 1953-07-28 GB GB20878/53A patent/GB745012A/en not_active Expired
-
1954
- 1954-07-26 FR FR1111067D patent/FR1111067A/en not_active Expired
- 1954-07-27 DE DES40177A patent/DE957592C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2993336A (en) * | 1957-09-06 | 1961-07-25 | British Petroleum Co | Operation of gas turbine engines and fuel compositions for use in said engines |
| US3067018A (en) * | 1957-10-29 | 1962-12-04 | Bray Oil Co | Colloidal additives for fuel oils |
| US3078662A (en) * | 1959-02-24 | 1963-02-26 | Gulf Research Development Co | Non-corrosive vanadiumcontaining fuels |
| US3316070A (en) * | 1963-08-30 | 1967-04-25 | Perolin Co Inc | Method for preventing carbonaceous deposits in diesel engines |
| US8814958B2 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2014-08-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Liquid fuel with endothermic fuel-cracking catalyst |
| US8695540B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2014-04-15 | Aerojet Rocketdyne Of De, Inc. | Fuel-cracking diesel engine system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE957592C (en) | 1957-02-07 |
| BE530671A (en) | |
| FR1111067A (en) | 1956-02-22 |
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