GB2406771A - Aquatic tank and recirculation system within - Google Patents
Aquatic tank and recirculation system within Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2406771A GB2406771A GB0322712A GB0322712A GB2406771A GB 2406771 A GB2406771 A GB 2406771A GB 0322712 A GB0322712 A GB 0322712A GB 0322712 A GB0322712 A GB 0322712A GB 2406771 A GB2406771 A GB 2406771A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- water
- recirculation system
- water tank
- passage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004032 Centella asiatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000208310 Hydrocotyle Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209502 Pistia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MPOKJOWFCMDRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Au] MPOKJOWFCMDRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A water tank for aquatic animals comprises a tank 1 for containing water. A recirculation system 3 is adapted to purify water from the tank and to return purified water to the tank. The recirculation system is configured such that it is positioned within the tank so as to create a passage 5 for the aquatic animals entirely around the recirculation system between the recirculation system and a peripheral wall of the tank. The passage is of generally constant cross-section in order that no vortices or regions of stagnant water can form in which detritus can accumulate and cause impairment of water quality. A plurality of jets from the pump means are directed to induce a flow of water around the passage. A weir may inhibit water flow back into the tank from the recirculation system.
Description
240677 1
WATER TANK WITH RECIRCULATION SYSTEM
This invention relates to a water tank for aquatic animals, the tank being provided with a recirculation system. Such a tank may be used indoors, for example, for raising aquatic animals, such as freshwater and marine, Goldwater, warmwater and tropical species of mollusks, crustacea and finfish.
It is well known that fish can be raised in sea cages and land ponds, but these methods have significant disadvantages. The fish can be lost or damaged by bad weather, predation and vandalism. The use of sea cages and land ponds can give rise to serious harm to natural ecosystems. Not only may the fish escape and cause general genetic or population distortion, but the food for, and the medications administered to, the fish can also cause ecological harm through local eutrophication and pollution.
Fish raised in this way frequently have tainted flesh due to poor water quality.
There is therefore a demand for a solution to the above problems and it is an object of the present invention to provide a water tank which is provided with a recirculation system which overcomes, or at least ameliorates, these problems. - 2 -
According to the present invention there is provided a water tank for aquatic animals and comprising a tank for containing water and having a peripheral wall, and a recirculation system adapted to purify water from the tank and to return purified water to the tank, the recirculation system being configured such that it is positioned within the tank so as to create a passage for the aquatic animals entirely around the recirculation system between the recirculation system and the peripheral wall.
The tank may be generally rectangular with substantially semi-circular end regions and the recirculation system may be substantially rectangular and may extend in the axial direction of the tank, such that a passage of generally constant cross-section is provided between the recirculation system and the peripheral wall of the tank.
Water flow through the recirculation system may be caused by means of at least one pump means positioned in a lower part of a terminal outlet region of the recirculation system and by way of an inlet of the recirculation system provided in a region of the bottom of the tank, for example at an opposite end of the recirculation system to the outlet. The pump means may be operable intermittently. - 3 -
Water from the pump means may be introduced into the tank by way of a plurality of jets which are directed to induce a flow of water around the passage. The jets may be above and/or below the water level in the tank.
Water flowing from the tank into the recirculation system may pass over a weir so as to inhibit the rate of water flow from the inlet region of the recirculation system back into the tank.
Water entering the recirculation system from the tank may first pass through a passive filter means for removing sediment. The passive filter means may comprise a plurality of filters operating in parallel. The filters may be in the form of textile bags and may have a mesh size in the range from 5 to 50 microns.
Water from the passive filter may pass through a biological filter. The biological filter may comprise a plurality of baffles positioned to create an extended flow path for the water. A material having a large, biologically-inert surface area may be provided in the flow path around the baffles. The material may be an unwoven filamentary polypropylene material. - 4
Floating angiosperm plants may be provided in the flow path around the baffles. Illumination means, such as at least one sodium lamp, may be provided for irradiating the plants.
Thus the present invention provides a water tank with a simple and failsafe recirculation system which ensures that the water within the tank is always clean and hygienic. Further, the location of the tank is not restricted to natural sites, but can be positioned at any convenient location, for example where the fish might be sold or consumed. If desired, the fish may be processed on site.
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of one embodiment of a water tank having a recirculation system according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a diagrammatic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the water tank shown in Figure 1; - 5 - Figure 3 is a diagrammatic transverse cross-sectional view of the water tank shown in Figure 1, but to a different scale; Figure 4 is a diagrammatic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the water tank illustrating the water level when the pumps are not operating) and Figure 5 is a diagrammatic longitudinal cross-sectional view corresponding to Figure 4, but showing the water levels when the pumps are operating.
The figures show a water tank 1 which may be, for example, m long, 2.5 m wide and 1.2 m deep, with semi-circular ends. Thus, the tank may accommodate water which is 1 m deep. The tank may be made, for example, of an expanded polyurethane material, for example 125 mm thick, sandwiched between steel laminae or concrete and the internal walls of the tank may be of a natural colour which combines the presentation to the fish of a non-stressful ambience with an ability to see them for the operator. If desired, the walls may be insulated. Extending along the axis of the tank 1 is a recirculation system 3 which processes contaminated water and returns clean water to the tank.
The recirculation system may be composed of a suitable plastics material, such as polyvinylchloride (PVC), and may - 6 have a width of about 0.5 m and a length of about 7.5 m and a depth of about 1.1 m. The recirculation system gives rise to a passage or channel 5 between the recirculation system and the wall of the tank having a generally constant cross-section in order that no vortices or regions of stagnant water can form in which detritus can accumulate and cause impairment of water quality.
The use of a recirculation system on this scale permits control of air and water ambience (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen level, salinity, the photoperiod, and effluents). The judicial applications of feeding and grading regimes avoids escape and preserves quarantine.
Clean water is removed from an outlet region 6 of the recirculation system 3, for example by means of at least two submersible centrifugal pumps 7 positioned in the lower part of the outlet region of the system 3. Recirculated water from the pump 7 is re-introduced into the tank by means of a plurality of generally horizontal parallel jets 9, positioned both above and below the surface of the water as shown in Figure 3, which jets are directed so as to induce an even flow of water around the channel 5.
The pump 7 need not be in operation continuously depending on the species and number of fish, but may for example be on a time switch (not shown). In the event of a power failure or when the pump 7 is not in operation, water levels return automatically to a state of equilibrium.
This is illustrated in Figure 4 which shows a substantially even water level across the channel 5 and the recirculation system 3.
The flow of water out of the recirculation system 3 and the introduction of that water into the tank raises the level of water in the tank relative to the level of water in the recirculation system. The difference in water level causes water to flow into the recirculation system by way of an inlet 11 positioned in the region of the bottom of the tank (where the oxygen is least and the detritus is most) and a weir 13. In this way, water is unable to flow from the inlet back into the tank. A grill 14 is provided to prevent the entry of fish.
Within the recirculation system 3, the water first enters a passive filter 15 for removing sediment. The filter 15 comprises a plurality of, for example eight, replaceable textile bags 17 arranged substantially vertically and in parallel and having a mesh size, for example, in the range from 5 to 50 microns, the mesh size being selected according to the size of the fish and the particle size of their food. Water flows relatively slowly downwardly - 8 through the bags 17 and a highly visible flocculent of fine particles accumulates above the filter bags 17 and can be simply and speedily removed by hand. The flocculent comprises uneaten food and faeces. Where desirable, filter-feeding lamellibranchs can be added to assist in removal of detritus. Any remaining sedimentary material is removed by the filter bags themselves.
After passing through the filter 15, the water flows into a biological filter 19. The biological filter 19 incorporates a plurality of baffles 21 requiring the water to flow along an extended, generally vertical, flow path in sequence over one baffle and under another baffle towards the outlet region 6 of the recirculation system 3. As can be seen in Figure 2, and particularly in Figure 5, the water level in the recirculation system is lower than the water level in the channel 5 and, moreover, the water levels between the baffles progressively decrease, all as a function of pumping through the recirculation system.
Positioned in the extended flow path is a material 23 having a large, biologically-inert surface area, over and through which all the water flows. The material 23 provides a surface for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria to colonise which convert soluble ammoniacal (nitrogenous) waste substances in the water into nitrate compounds. The - 9 - material 23 may be, for example, an unwoven filamentary polypropylene material (such as flue brushes or pot scourers).
The nitrate compounds provide nutrients for floating angiosperm plants 25 (such as Pistia and/or Hydrocotyle), which possess extensive root systems and enhance the filtration of biological substances by absorbing and converting the nitrate compounds into plant growth. Plant growth is enhanced by the use of a suitable lamp 27, such as a sodium lamp, which is positioned above the plants 25 and which may provide a photoperiod in accordance with the observed vigour of plant growth.
The plants can be harvested and fed, for example, to earthworms together with the flocculent removed from the passive filter 15 in a nearby earthworm culture area positioned close to the tank 1. In turn, the earthworms can be fed to the fish, providing an inexpensive and nutritious replacement for animal protein in fishmeal.
The water tank according to the present invention can be delivered to an installation site in a flat pack, be translocated and assembled by an unskilled worker in half a day. -
Claims (23)
1. A water tank for aquatic animals and comprising a tank for containing water and having a peripheral wall, and a recirculation system adapted to purify water from the tank and to return purified water to the tank, the recirculation system being configured such that it is positioned within the tank so as to create a passage for the aquatic animals entirely around the recirculation system between the recirculation system and the peripheral wall.
2. A water tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tank is generally rectangular with substantially semi-circular end regions.
3. A water tank as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the recirculation system is substantially rectangular and may extend in the axial direction of the tank.
4. A water tank as claimed in claim 3, wherein a passage of generally constant cross-section is provided between the recirculation system and the peripheral wall of the tank.
5. A water tank as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein water flow through the recirculation system is caused by means of at least one pump means positioned in a - 11 - lower part of a terminal outlet region of the recirculation system and by way of an inlet of the recirculation system provided in a region of the bottom of the tank.
6. A water tank as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inlet is positioned at an opposite end of the recirculation system to the outlet.
7. A water tank as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the pump means is operable intermittently.
8. A water tank as claimed in claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein water from the pump means is introduced into the tank by way of a plurality of jets which are directed to induce a flow of water around the passage.
9. A water tank as claimed in claim 8, wherein the jets are above the water level in the tank.
10. A water tank as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein the jets are below the water level in the tank.
11. A water tank as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein water flowing from the tank into the recirculation system passes over a weir so as to inhibit the rate of - 12 water flow from the inlet region of the recirculation system back into the tank.
12. A water tank as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein water entering the recirculation system from the tank first passes through a passive filter means for removing sediment.
13. A water tank as claimed in claim 12, wherein the passive filter means comprises a plurality of filters operating in parallel.
14. A water tank as claimed in claim 13, wherein the filters are in the form of textile bags.
15. A water tank as claimed in claim 13 or 14, wherein the filters have a mesh size in the range from 5 to 50 microns.
16. A water tank as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein water from the passive filter passes through a biological filter.
17. A water tank as claimed in claim 16, wherein the biological filter comprises a plurality of baffles positioned to create an extended flow path for the water. - 13
18. A water tank as claimed in claim 17, wherein material having a large, biologically-inert surface area is provided in the flow path around the baffles.
19. A water tank as claimed in claim 18, wherein the material comprises an unwoven filamentary polypropylene material.
20. A water tank as claimed in claim 17, 18 or 19, wherein floating angiosperm plants are provided in the flow path around the baffles.
21. A water tank as claimed in claim 20, wherein illumination means is provided for irradiating the plants.
22. A water tank as claimed in claim 21, wherein the illumination means comprises at least one sodium lamp.
23. A water tank for aquatic animals substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in, the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0322712A GB2406771B (en) | 2003-09-27 | 2003-09-27 | Water tank with recirculation system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0322712A GB2406771B (en) | 2003-09-27 | 2003-09-27 | Water tank with recirculation system |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0322712D0 GB0322712D0 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
| GB2406771A true GB2406771A (en) | 2005-04-13 |
| GB2406771B GB2406771B (en) | 2006-12-13 |
Family
ID=29286993
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0322712A Expired - Fee Related GB2406771B (en) | 2003-09-27 | 2003-09-27 | Water tank with recirculation system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2406771B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2145536A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 | 2010-01-20 | Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau Gmbh | Device for breeding salt-water fish |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3333701A (en) * | 1965-06-28 | 1967-08-01 | Sternco Ind Inc | Filter device for aquarium tanks |
| GB2001831A (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1979-02-14 | Hoult D | Conditioning fish-raising tank |
| US4206054A (en) * | 1978-10-27 | 1980-06-03 | Leon Moore | Pyramidic aquarium filter-aerator |
| US4481905A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1984-11-13 | Fonseca Oscar O | Aquarium with improved aerator and purifier |
| EP0484896A1 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-05-13 | ASKOLL S.p.A. | Aquarium filter |
-
2003
- 2003-09-27 GB GB0322712A patent/GB2406771B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3333701A (en) * | 1965-06-28 | 1967-08-01 | Sternco Ind Inc | Filter device for aquarium tanks |
| GB2001831A (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1979-02-14 | Hoult D | Conditioning fish-raising tank |
| US4206054A (en) * | 1978-10-27 | 1980-06-03 | Leon Moore | Pyramidic aquarium filter-aerator |
| US4481905A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1984-11-13 | Fonseca Oscar O | Aquarium with improved aerator and purifier |
| EP0484896A1 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-05-13 | ASKOLL S.p.A. | Aquarium filter |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2145536A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 | 2010-01-20 | Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau Gmbh | Device for breeding salt-water fish |
| DE102008033528A1 (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-01-21 | Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau Gmbh | Fish farm for saltwater fish |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0322712D0 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
| GB2406771B (en) | 2006-12-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20080927 |