GB235210A - Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of photographic emulsions - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of photographic emulsionsInfo
- Publication number
- GB235210A GB235210A GB14630/25A GB1463025A GB235210A GB 235210 A GB235210 A GB 235210A GB 14630/25 A GB14630/25 A GB 14630/25A GB 1463025 A GB1463025 A GB 1463025A GB 235210 A GB235210 A GB 235210A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- ligroin
- alcohol
- solution
- sensitizing material
- sensitizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
- G03C1/10—Organic substances
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
- G03C1/047—Proteins, e.g. gelatine derivatives; Hydrolysis or extraction products of proteins
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
- G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Abstract
A sensitizing material is extracted in solution from organic tissues (e.g. hides, bones, cereal grains and leguminous plant seeds) and has the property of enhancing the sensitivity and other properties of photographic emulsions of various kinds. The material is contained in useful quantities in the sterol-containing extracts or fractions of animal and plant extracts. Sources of the material are bye-products from the treatment of hide, bones and gelatine manufacture, such as deliming solutions and bye-products from cereal preparations. Sources are of greater utility which have not been submitted to excessive oxidizing action which tends to destroy the active property of the material. As one example of preparation from animal sources, limed hide stock is agitated in a 1 per cent solution of hydrochloric acid, until a thick piece when cut across shows slight acidity to litmus at the inner parts of the cut. The deliming solution is then drawn off, concentrated at reduced pressure, and the concentrate is boiled until a coagulum or p precipitate is formed, which carries with it the sensitizing material, and is separated as by decantation, filtering or centrifuging off. It can then be washed. The coagulum is then preferably dried and ground. The sensitizing material is then extracted by a suitable solvent (e.g. alcohol) as by an extractor working on the Soxhlet principle of the continuous type. The alcoholic extract contains sterols and strong sensitizing materials as also does the dry residue obtained by evaporating it. By another method from a deliming solution obtained as above, an inorganic precipitate is formed to which the sensitizing material adheres. Potash alum is added to the deliming solution, the liquid brought nearly to boiling point, and caustic soda added to give a precipitate of aluminium hydroxide, addition being made until the pH value is 8 as shown by phenol red. The precipitate is allowed to settle, separated, dried and ground. Sensitizing material is extracted by ethyl alcohol, prolonged storage being avoided. Instead of using alcohols as the extracting solvent, which dissolves also certain impurities, ligroin or a volatile petroleum, e.g. petroleum ether, may be used. Since alcoholic extracts enter emulsions better however, the ligroin extracts are preferably evaporated to dryness and the residue taken up with alcohol. In an example of preparation from vegetable sources, lima beans are ground to a coarse flour, and, avoiding axidization, the flour is extracted with ligroin boiling between 40 DEG to 60 DEG C. The extract is evaporated and the residue taken up in alcohol. Alternatively again mustard seed is ground in water, allowed to ferment for say 12 hours at room temperature and extraction effected by shaking with ligroin. The ligroin extract although a strong sensitizing material can be further concentrated and purified. To remove any saponifiable oils, caustic soda is added to an alcoholic extract, the mixture boiled in apparatus having a reflux condenser until the oils are saponified. The solution is then evaporated to dryness and the residue taken up in sufficient water. Ligroin, or related petroleum ether, is added with shaking, the sensitizing material entering the ligroin whilst the oils and any glycerine liberated stay in the water. The ligroin extract is then separated out, the ligroin evaporated, and the residue taken up in alcohol. The sterol may be removed from such extracts, wholly or partially, by crystallization, by evaporating to dryness, taking up the dried residue in just sufficient warm, but not boiling, ethyl alcohol (say at 70 DEG to 80 DEG C.) to dissolve it, cooling until sterol crystals form, removing the crystals, washing them with a little ligroin, adding this wash to the liquid from which the crystals came, and finally concentrating by evaporation the combined liquids preferably at less than atmospheric pressure. The sensitizing material appears not to be truly soluble in water but to form a colloidal solution therein, but the solutions in alcohol and ligroin are true ones. It is stable if excessive exposure to oxidizing influences is avoided.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US718410A US1574943A (en) | 1924-06-06 | 1924-06-06 | Art of light-sensitive photographic materials |
US718411A US1574944A (en) | 1924-06-06 | 1924-06-06 | Photographic light-sensitive material and process of making the same |
US718409A US1600736A (en) | 1924-06-06 | 1924-06-06 | Art of light-sensitive photographic materials |
US82845A US1602590A (en) | 1924-06-06 | 1926-01-21 | Utilization of biochemical light-sensitizing extracts in the art of photographic materials |
US82846A US1602591A (en) | 1924-06-06 | 1926-01-21 | Photographic light-sensitive material containing tellurium and process of making the same |
US82847A US1602592A (en) | 1924-06-06 | 1926-01-21 | Photographic light-sensitive material containing selenium and process of making the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB235210A true GB235210A (en) | 1926-12-06 |
Family
ID=27557251
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB14629/25A Expired GB235209A (en) | 1924-06-06 | 1925-06-05 | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of photographic emulsions |
GB14630/25A Expired GB235210A (en) | 1924-06-06 | 1925-06-05 | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of photographic emulsions |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB14629/25A Expired GB235209A (en) | 1924-06-06 | 1925-06-05 | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of photographic emulsions |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US1574943A (en) |
DE (3) | DE441934C (en) |
FR (3) | FR599933A (en) |
GB (2) | GB235209A (en) |
NL (1) | NL21355C (en) |
Families Citing this family (70)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2449153A (en) * | 1944-04-03 | 1948-09-14 | Urbach Franz | Photographic silver bromide emulsion sensitized with cysteine |
FR959922A (en) * | 1946-06-29 | 1950-04-07 | ||
US2571688A (en) * | 1946-11-29 | 1951-10-16 | Ilford Ltd | Production of colloidal silver |
US2644756A (en) * | 1947-02-08 | 1953-07-07 | Polaroid Corp | Photographic process for forming a positive transfer image |
US2751299A (en) * | 1952-11-08 | 1956-06-19 | Eastman Kodak Co | Mercury stabilizers for photographic emulsions sensitized with polyalkylene esters, amides, and ethers |
US2743180A (en) * | 1953-07-01 | 1956-04-24 | Eastman Kodak Co | Pentazaindene stabilizers for photo-graphic emulsions sensitized with alkylene oxide polymers |
US2757088A (en) * | 1953-12-30 | 1956-07-31 | Du Pont | Photographic silver halide emulsions containing phytic acid |
US2757089A (en) * | 1954-01-05 | 1956-07-31 | Du Pont | Phytic acid sensitizer for silver halide emulsions |
BE539322A (en) * | 1954-06-29 | |||
US2999751A (en) * | 1957-07-30 | 1961-09-12 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Chemical sensitizing of photographic silver halide emulsions |
US3184312A (en) * | 1958-11-14 | 1965-05-18 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsions containing carboxymethylated pigskin gelatin |
BE624013A (en) * | 1961-10-26 | |||
DE1151174B (en) * | 1962-01-31 | 1963-07-04 | Dr Karl Petz | Process for the preparation of highly sensitive photographic emulsions with the aid of sensitization by gold salts |
NL144403B (en) * | 1964-02-10 | 1974-12-16 | Kodak Nederland Bv | METHOD OF INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY OF PHOTOSENSITIVE SILVER HALOGENIDE EMULSIONS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL CONTAINED WITH THESE EMULSIONS. |
GB1143673A (en) * | 1965-04-29 | |||
US3320069A (en) * | 1966-03-18 | 1967-05-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Sulfur group sensitized emulsions |
GB1282303A (en) * | 1969-03-07 | 1972-07-19 | Agfa Gevaert | Improved light-sensitive material |
BE759200A (en) * | 1969-11-21 | 1971-05-21 | Du Pont | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SILVER HALOGENIDE EMULSION OF HIGH SENSITIVITY |
US3622318A (en) * | 1970-03-20 | 1971-11-23 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic materials and processes |
JPS5068133A (en) * | 1973-10-18 | 1975-06-07 | ||
JPS511116A (en) * | 1974-06-21 | 1976-01-07 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | HAROGEN KAGINSHASHINNYUZAINO SEIZOHO |
US4197124A (en) * | 1975-07-29 | 1980-04-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Non-treatment type planographic printing plate materials |
JPS5945135B2 (en) * | 1979-06-15 | 1984-11-05 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Silver halide photographic material |
JPS5830747A (en) * | 1981-08-17 | 1983-02-23 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Photographic silver halide emulsion |
JPS5969754A (en) | 1982-10-14 | 1984-04-20 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Color photosensitive silver halide material |
JPS59116647A (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1984-07-05 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Silver halide photosensitive material |
JPS59137946A (en) | 1983-01-28 | 1984-08-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Silver halide photosensitive material |
JPS59188641A (en) | 1983-04-11 | 1984-10-26 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Silver halide photographic emulsion |
DE3482062D1 (en) * | 1983-12-08 | 1990-05-31 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SILVER HALOGENIDE EMULSIONS. |
JPS60143331A (en) | 1983-12-29 | 1985-07-29 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Silver halide photosensitive material |
JPS613137A (en) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-09 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Internal latent image type core/shell direct positive silver halide emulsion and its preparation |
JPS613134A (en) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-09 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Preparation of silver halide emulsion and silver halide photographic sensitive material |
JPS61245151A (en) | 1985-04-23 | 1986-10-31 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Silver halide photographic sensitive material |
JPS61250645A (en) | 1985-04-30 | 1986-11-07 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Silver halide photographic sensitive material |
JPS61250643A (en) | 1985-04-30 | 1986-11-07 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Silver halide photographic sensitive material |
DE3682128D1 (en) | 1985-07-17 | 1991-11-28 | Konishiroku Photo Ind | PHOTOGRAPHIC SILVER HALOGENID MATERIAL. |
DE3684430D1 (en) | 1985-12-25 | 1992-04-23 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN IMAGE. |
DE3782351T2 (en) | 1986-03-25 | 1993-05-27 | Konishiroku Photo Ind | LIGHT SENSITIVE PHOTOGRAPHIC SILVER HALOGENID MATERIAL USED FOR FAST DEVELOPMENT. |
US5166045A (en) * | 1989-06-19 | 1992-11-24 | Eastman Kodak Company | Doping of silver halide emulsions with group VIB compounds to form improved photoactive grains |
EP0478669B1 (en) * | 1989-06-19 | 1993-09-29 | Eastman Kodak Company | Doping of silver halide emulsions with a potassium selenocyanate salt improved photoactive grains |
EP0476327B1 (en) | 1990-08-20 | 1999-11-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Data-retainable photographic film product and process for producing color print |
JPH04204640A (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1992-07-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Silver halide photographic sensitive material |
US5240827A (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1993-08-31 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic element containing large, selenium-sensitized silver chloride grains |
EP0514675B1 (en) | 1991-04-22 | 1999-12-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic materials and method for processing the same |
JP2699029B2 (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1998-01-19 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Silver halide photographic material |
JP2936105B2 (en) * | 1991-06-06 | 1999-08-23 | コニカ株式会社 | Method for producing silver halide emulsion and silver halide photographic material |
US5395745A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1995-03-07 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide emulsion, and light-sensitive material prepared by using the emulsion |
JP2778853B2 (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1998-07-23 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Silver halide photographic material |
US5459027A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1995-10-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
JP2691089B2 (en) * | 1991-07-24 | 1997-12-17 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Silver halide photographic material |
JPH05127290A (en) * | 1991-11-06 | 1993-05-25 | Konica Corp | Silver halide photographic emulsion and silver halide photographic sensitive material formed by using this emulsion |
JP2748062B2 (en) * | 1991-11-06 | 1998-05-06 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Silver halide photographic material and image forming method using the same |
JP2756520B2 (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1998-05-25 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Silver halide photographic material |
WO1993012460A1 (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1993-06-24 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic material |
DE69131024T2 (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1999-08-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Minami-Ashigara, Kanagawa | PHOTOGRAPHIC SILVER HALOGENID MATERIAL |
US5525460A (en) | 1992-03-19 | 1996-06-11 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic emulsion and light-sensitive material using the same |
JP2811257B2 (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1998-10-15 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Silver halide photographic material |
JP2824717B2 (en) | 1992-07-10 | 1998-11-18 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Processing method of silver halide photographic material |
EP0589460B1 (en) | 1992-09-24 | 2000-08-09 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method for processing a black & white silver halide light-sensitive material |
EP0619515B1 (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 2000-12-20 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Surface latent image type silver halide photographic emulsion |
US5556738A (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1996-09-17 | Konica Corporation | Silver halide photographic element and processing method thereof |
US5616446A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1997-04-01 | Konica Corporation | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
US5468588A (en) | 1994-10-18 | 1995-11-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Process for manufacturing diffusion transfer printing plates |
JPH08190199A (en) | 1994-10-18 | 1996-07-23 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg Co <3M> | Photosensitive element |
JP3393271B2 (en) * | 1994-12-14 | 2003-04-07 | コニカ株式会社 | Silver halide photographic material and method for sensitizing silver halide emulsion |
JP3448724B2 (en) | 1995-11-29 | 2003-09-22 | コニカ株式会社 | Developer for silver halide photographic material and processing method thereof |
JPWO2004068237A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2006-05-25 | コニカミノルタフォトイメージング株式会社 | Silver halide emulsion, silver halide photographic material and image forming method |
JP2007041376A (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-15 | Fujifilm Holdings Corp | Silver halide photosensitive material and package including the same |
US20130161936A1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2013-06-27 | Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V. | Photographic Paper |
GB202006061D0 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2020-06-10 | Fujifilm Mfg Europe Bv | Photographic paper |
-
1924
- 1924-06-06 US US718410A patent/US1574943A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1924-06-06 US US718409A patent/US1600736A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1924-06-06 US US718411A patent/US1574944A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1925
- 1925-06-03 FR FR599933D patent/FR599933A/en not_active Expired
- 1925-06-03 FR FR599934D patent/FR599934A/en not_active Expired
- 1925-06-03 FR FR599932D patent/FR599932A/en not_active Expired
- 1925-06-04 DE DEE32600D patent/DE441934C/en not_active Expired
- 1925-06-04 DE DEE32599D patent/DE433043C/en not_active Expired
- 1925-06-04 DE DEE32601D patent/DE439372C/en not_active Expired
- 1925-06-05 GB GB14629/25A patent/GB235209A/en not_active Expired
- 1925-06-05 GB GB14630/25A patent/GB235210A/en not_active Expired
- 1925-06-06 NL NL30418A patent/NL21355C/xx active
-
1926
- 1926-01-21 US US82845A patent/US1602590A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1926-01-21 US US82847A patent/US1602592A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1926-01-21 US US82846A patent/US1602591A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL21355C (en) | 1930-03-15 |
FR599932A (en) | 1926-01-25 |
FR599934A (en) | 1926-01-25 |
US1602590A (en) | 1926-10-12 |
FR599933A (en) | 1926-01-25 |
GB235209A (en) | 1926-12-06 |
DE441934C (en) | 1927-03-18 |
US1602591A (en) | 1926-10-12 |
US1602592A (en) | 1926-10-12 |
US1574943A (en) | 1926-03-02 |
US1600736A (en) | 1926-09-21 |
DE433043C (en) | 1926-08-24 |
US1574944A (en) | 1926-03-02 |
DE439372C (en) | 1927-01-12 |
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